220 KV Substation

8/12/2019 220 KV Substation

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TRAINING AT 220KVSUBSTATION JAIPUR


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SUBSTATION A station in the power transmission system at which elec

power is transformed to a conveniently used form.

The station may consist of transformers, switches, circbreakers and other auxiliary equipment.

Its main function is to receive energy transmitted at hvoltage from the generating station, by either step-up or st

down the voltage to a value appropriate for local use aprovide facilities for switching.

Some substation, such as power plant switchyard are simswitching stations where different connections can be ma

between various transmission lines.


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TYPE OF SUBSTATION

Step Up Substation

Primary Grid Substation

Secondary Grid Substation

Distribution Substation Bulk Supply Substation


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FEEDERS

Incoming Feeders:

Bassi(220 KV)

Heerapura(220 KV)

Outgoing Feeders:Sitapura(132 KV)

Puranaghat(132 KV)


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TYPICAL COMPONENTS OF APOWER PLANT SUBSTATION(SWITCHYARD)

A - Busbar

B - Disconnector

C - Circuit Breaker

D - Current Transformer

E - Voltage Transformer

F - Earthing Switch

G - Surge Arrestor

CONNECT

CONNECT & DIS-CONNECT

CONNECT, DIS-CONNECT & DETECT

DETECT & TRANSFORM

DETECT & TRANSFORM

PROTECT & SAFETY

PROTECT


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BUSBAR

This is a term we use for a mainbar or conductor carrying an electric

current to which many connection

may be made.

Buses are merely convenient

means of connecting switches andother equipment into various

arrangements.

Aluminum or copper conductorssupported on porcelain insulators,

carry the electric energy from point

to point.


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DISCONNECTS

This is an easily removed piece ofthe actual conductor of a circuit.

The purpose of disconnects is toisolate equipment.

A typical use of disconnects is toisolate a circuit breaker by installingone disconnect on either side of the

circuit breaker (in series with the

breaker).

Disconnect Switch( moving contact rod (A)

contacts with flexiblefingers (B) )


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CIRCUIT BREAKER

This is used to interrupt circuits whilecurrent is flowing through them.

The operation of the breaker is very rapidwhen opening.

Circuit breakers of this type are usuallyarranged for remote electrical control

from a suitably located switchboard.

Some recently developed circuit breakershave no oil, but put out the arc by a blast

of compressed air these are called air

circuit breakers.

Circuit Bre( Connected in a

phase circ

Po

Ind


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CURRENT TRANSFORMER

Current transformer are used withammeters, watt meters, power-factormeters, watt-hour meters, compensators,

protective and regulating relays and the

trip coil of circuit breakers.

One current transformer can be used tooperate several instruments, provided

that the combined burden does notexceed that for which the transformer is

designed and compensated.

The current transformer is connecteddirectly in series with the line.


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VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER

This is also know as potential transformer usedwith volt-meters, wattmeter's, watt-hour meters,power-factor meters, frequency meters,

protective and regulating relays and the no-

voltage and over-voltage trip coils of automatic

circuit breakers.

One transformer can be used for a number ofinstruments at the same time if the total current

taken by the instrument does not exceed that for

which the transformer is designed and

compensated.

The ordinary voltage transformer is connectedacross the line, and the magnetic flux in the core

depends upon the primary voltage.


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EARTHING SWITCH This is also known as ground disconnect, which used

connects the equipment to a grid of electrical conducto

buried in the earth on the station property.

It is intended to protect people working on the groundequipment.

It does this by completing a circuit path, thereby reducithe voltage difference between the equipment and

surroundings.


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SURGE ARRESTOR These are devices used to provide the

necessary path to ground for such surges, yetprevent any power current from following the

surge. An ideal arrester must therefore have the

following properties:

1. Ability to remove the surge energy from the line

in a min. time.

2. High resistive to flow of power current.

3. A valve action automatically allowing surge to

pass and then closing up so as not to permitpower current to flow to ground.

4. Always ready to perform.

5. Performance such that no system disturbances

are introduced by its operation.

6. Economically feasible


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OVERHEAD GROUND WIRE

This is a wire, generally of steel,supported from the top of transmission-

line towers and solidly grounded at each

tower.

It is considered a preventive device, but itdoes not entirely prevent the formation of

travelling waves on a line.

Furthermore, those lines which are notequipped with ground wires will be

subjected to disturbances which produce

surges that must be allowed to escaped

to ground


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RELAYS

Various types of relays used areoBuchloz Relay

oOver Current Relay

oEarth Fault Relay

o

Over Voltage RelayoDifferential Relay

oBus Bar Relay


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BUCHLOZ RELAY

Used for protection of oil immersedtransformers, reactors, etc.

Phenomenon of liberation of gas incase of fault generation is used to

provide protection.

Falling level of oil could be detected.


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OVER CURRENT RELAY

Protection from overload.

Protection devices like fuse orcircuit breaker fitted with

overload coils or series

connected trip coils are used for

over current protection.


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EARTH FAULT RELAY

The earth-fault relay is designed to beused for selective earth-fault protection,either primary or back-up protection, in

solidly earthed or low-resistance earthed

power systems.

When an earth-fault occurs, the relaydelivers an alarm signal, trips the circuit

breaker provide alarms, record fault data,

etc., in accordance with the application

and the configured relay functions.


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OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY

Relay is used for over voltageprotection and supervision in

distribution systems.

Relay is also used for over / undervoltage protection of generators,

Motors and Transformers.

They are generally used forincoming line protection.


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DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

Operates when the vectordifference of two or more

quantities exceeds a

predetermined value.

The relay has ratio matchingtaps and incorporates a secondharmonic restraint function

where large transformer

magnetizing in rush is present.


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BUS BAR RELAY

The scheme of busbar protection, statesthat total electric current entering anelectrical node is exactly equal to total

current leaving the node.

But this scheme has also a maindisadvantage. This scheme of protection

can not discriminate the faulty section of thebusbar.

Very short tripping time (


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OTHER DEPT. OF SUBSTATION

CONTROL ROOM

POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION ROOM

BATTERY ROOM


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CONTROL ROOM

Contain meters, control switches andrecorders located in the control building

Used to control the substationequipment to send power from one

circuit to another or to open or to shut

down circuits when needed.

Annunciator is present which consist ofsounding alarm and an indicator which

indicate nature of fault and zone where

fault occurred.


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POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATIOROOM

Used in case of largeinterconnected system where

control leads dispatch station

has to co-ordinate the working of

various unit to see that thesystem is maintained

most economic and reliablemethod of communication in

power network


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BATTERY ROOM

Batteries used are lead acid typehaving solution of sulfuric and

distilled.

Room is kept maintainable so it isnota ccumulated with acid vapours

to avoid risk of explosion.

Batteries are kept at healthy stateat 2.1/2.2 V/cell.

220 KV Substation

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