• Description of Canada’s Past Population

• Description of Canada’s Current/Future Population

• Definitions of concepts

Lecture Overview

• Why learn about the history of racialized groups? – Stephan & Stephan 02– Cultural Circles Exercise

• Similar to Qs: Why learn about own culture?

Description of Canada’s Past

Description of Canada’s Past Population

• Description of Canada’s Current Population

• Description of Canada’s Future Population

Review and next…

• 16% of Canadians are VM – VM=non Aboriginal/non Caucasian

• Who?– 4% is South Asian– 4% is Chinese– 2.5% is Black

Canadian Population in 2006

04/2/08 The Daily Statistics Canada: Ethnic origin, visible minorities etc...

• 19-23% of Canadians will be VM

• Why?– Immigration

• Immigrants will be 22% of pop’n

– Higher fertility of VM– Younger age structure of VM

Canadian Population in 2017

03/22/05 The Daily Statistics Canada: Canada's visible minority population in 2017

• Who?– Equal proportions of S. Asian & Chinese, next

highest is Black

• Where?– 75% of VM will be living in TO, Vancouver,

Montreal• More than 50% of SA & 40% of Chinese in Canada will

live in TO

• Of the VMs in Montreal, 27% will be Blacks & 19% will be Arab

Canadian Population in 2017

03/22/05 The Daily Statistics Canada: Canada's visible minority population in 2017

• By VM group

• By VM & geographic region

• For…– Recruitment– Community Services– Service Industries

Implications of Forecasts

Description of Canada’s Past PopulationDescription of Canada’s Current & Future

Population

• Definitions of concepts– Race– Discrimination– Stereotyping– Prejudice

Review and what’s next

• An old classification system based on – Skin colour – Bodily features

• Accent/speech

• Name

• Clothing/grooming

• Diet

• Beliefs/practices

• Leisure preferences

• Place of origin

• Citizenship

What is Race

• Lack of scientific evidence for racial classification system– Differences within races on important

characteristics are greater than those between races

• Social belief in existence of race has persisted despite lack of scientific proof

Problems with concept of Race

• Difference between race &….– Gender– Discrimination, prejudice, stereotyping– Other cultural characteristics (e.g., individualism)

• Use test of amt of differences between vs. within groups

What is not Race?

• Discrimination– When similar or better qualified applicant…

• Does not get job applied for

• Gets job below qualification

• Receives lower pay for same job

What is discrimination?

Krauss in NYT

• Unequal treatment or behavior toward members of different groups (Stephan & Stephan 02)

• Distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on group membership impairing human rights (Human rights doc)

– Impose burdens not imposed on others– Withhold or limit access to benefits available to

others

What is discrimination?

• Individual– E.g., behaviors like different performance ratings

for members of different groups all else being equal

• Institutional– Policies, practices, procedures that disadvantage

members of some groups– Unequal representation in upper & middle layers

of administration, economic & media institutions

Examples of Discrimination

Compare with Brief et al

• Societal– Group differences in

• Poverty

• Imprisonment

• Access to employment, housing, healthcare

Examples of Discrimination

Stereotype

Prejudice

Discrimination

Stephan & Stephan 02

• Associating members of certain groups with certain characteristics – E.g., Perceived to be alike in some way (i.e.

have similar traits)• E.g., Most Asians are “smart”, “geeky”, “have

similar eye size”

• Can be positive or negative

• Can be true/false of group &/ individual • Implications for functionality

What are stereotypes

Stephan & Stephan 02

• Confusing one member of group for another– Believing them to be similar in personality or

behavior• E.g., editors vs. journalists

• Assuming characteristics of individual based on group membership– E.g., assuming your are nanny because you are

Filipino, – E.g. Assuming non-Whites are not Canadian

citizens or were not born in canada

Examples of Stereotypes

Wong’s Globe & Mail

• Prejudice– Negative feelings (e.g., dislike) toward someone

because of group they belong to

• Discrimination– Behavior/outcome

What are not stereotypes?

Wong in Globe & Mail; Krauss in NYT

• Culturally valid characteristics– e.g., collectivism

• Asians score higher (in general) on collectivism,

• Any single Asian may not score higher than a non-Asian on collectivism

• Scores on collectivism can be reliably measured

• Scores on collectivism are related to important other characteristics

What are not stereotypes

• Negative attitudes • Negative evaluations & feelings

• E.g., Evaluations: They are bad…

• Feelings: I hate..

• Stephan & Stephan 02

– Compare w/Human Rights doc definitions• Racism vs. prejudice has notion of power

• Sociologically based

What is racism/prejudice?

Negative Associations

Negative Feelings

Positive AssociationsStereotypes

Negative Thoughts

Prejudice

• A brief history of visible minority groups in Canada

• What will be the nature of Canada’s population?

• Compare & contrast the concepts of – Race– Stereotyping– Prejudice– Discrimination

Today’s learning