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Slide 2 Depression, World War II, and Decolonization Slide 3 Where did we leave off? Decolonization in the Americas. New colonization in Africa and Asia. All to keep the industrial revolution going. Slide 4 The 1920s: Temporary Prosperity In the 1920s the industrial revolution was going strong. People were all making money! Slide 5 1920s Slide 6 1929.. The economic world collapses with the great crash of 1929. The economic world collapses with the great crash of 1929. Slide 7 The Great Depressions Causes After effects of World War I Overproduction Tariffs and other trade barriers Stock market crash Bank failures in the US and other countries Slide 8 The New York Stock Exchange in October, 1929 Slide 9 Bank Failures Slide 10 Slide 11 Responses to the Great Depression The economic crash led many western governments to take greater control over their nations economies. Many saw the Depression as evidence that democratic governments and capitalism were incapable of solving problems or meeting the needs of modern society. Slide 12 Western European Reactions Social Democratic governments were elected in Scandinavia. They were socialist but democratic. In England, the Labour Party took power Frances government was led by the Popular Front, a mixture of socialist and moderate parties. These governments attempted to help end the Depression by taking more power over their economies Slide 13 The Soviet Union Because its economy was independent and did not depend on external trade, the Soviet Union had few economic troubles during the 1930s. Joseph Stalin boasted that this demonstrated the superiority of socialism over capitalism, and some Westerners agreed. Stalins Five Year Plans and focus on heavy industry and militarization made the Soviet Union a powerful force. Slide 14 Germany After World War I Germanys economy was devastated, its territory shrunken, and its military force depleted. The Great Depression made Germanys situation worse, and many Germans looked to new leadership. Slide 15 The German Mark Slide 16 Slide 17 The Stabbed-in-the-Back Theory Disgruntled German WWI veterans Slide 18 Adolf Hitler Born 1889, Austria Obsessed with German racial superiority Anti-Semitic World War I veteran, took leadership of the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi) in early 1920s Attempted to seize power in 1923, but was imprisoned. Wrote Mein Kampf Appointed Chancellor after Nazis won the German elections in January, 1933. Slide 19 The Third Reich By 1934 Hitler had taken total power and become Der Fuhrer, or The Leader of Germany He began to remilitarize Germany in defiance of the Versailles Treaty. Anti-Semitic Decrees first separated the Jews from the Germans, then began to limit their rights, eventually leading to the Holocaust. Slide 20 Nazi Propaganda Slide 21 Anti-Semitism Slide 22 Slide 23 Battle of Britain: The Blitz Slide 24 Slide 25 Slide 26 Slide 27 Pearl Harbor Slide 28 Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy! Slide 29 D-Day (June 6, 1944) Slide 30 Normandy Landing (June 6, 1944 ) Higgins Landing Crafts German Prisoners Slide 31 T The Liberation of Paris: August 25, 1944 De Gaulle in Triumph! Slide 32 Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed Slide 33 Crematoria at Majdanek Entrance to Auschwitz Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed Slide 34 Slave Labor at Buchenwald Slide 35 Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945 The F hrers Bunker Cyanide & Pistols Mr. & Mrs. Hitler Slide 36 V-E Day (May 8, 1945) General Keitel Slide 37 Soldiers Return in Times Square, NYC Slide 38 The De-Colonization of European Empires Slide 39 Decolonization in Africa and Asia After World War II nationalist demands for independence increased in the colonies Western nations were no longer strong enough to maintain control of their empires Some European countries managed to end their empires peacefully. The Dutch pulled out of Indonesia in 1948. The British turned their Empire into the British Commonwealth of Nations France struggled to maintain its empire and fought a series of conflicts in Algeria and Indochina before finally pulling out. By the mid-1960s most of Africa was independent. The last European nation to give up its colonies was Portugal in 1980. Slide 40 The Four Worlds First World: industrialized liberal democracies with market economies Second World: dictatorships with Marxist command economies Third World: non-aligned nations (post- Cold War: developing nations) Fourth World: non-self-supporting nations dependent on the First and Second Worlds Slide 41 White Resistance to African Independence. South Africas apartheid regime remained in power until the early 1990s. Brutal laws mandated racial segregation and other restrictions. In 1994, Nelson Mandela, an anti-apartheid leader, was elected the first majority-rule President of South Africa. Slide 42 Problems of the new African nations Lack of an infrastructure and middle class Little or no industry and technology Artificial borders dating from the colonial period, with no recognition of historic and cultural differences Democratic governments were often overthrown and replaced with military dictatorships. Neocolonialism meant continued economic dependence on the West Slide 43 The Middle East after World War II Most Arab nations became independent during or shortly after World War II In 1948, the nation of Israel was established, supported by the United Nations, the United States, and the Soviet Union. War broke out as Israels Arab neighbors attempted to destroy the new country. Israel defeated the Arabs and expanded its territory. Palestinian refugees became an immediate and lasting problem