European Colonization of the Americas
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Transcript of European Colonization of the Americas
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European Colonization of the
AmericasEmphasis on the North
American British Colonies
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Colonies in the AmericasSPANISH BRITISH FRENCH
GOALS
•Win converts to Christianity•Gain Land and Riches•God, Glory, and Gold
•Commercial Ventures•Haven for persecuted religious groups•Permanent colonies
•Fishing, fur trapping•Win converts to Christianity
GOVERNMENT
•King exercises strict control through Council of the Indies and viceroys
•Overseen by royal governors•Colonists enjoy large degree of self-government
•At first, France paid little attention•Later, king (monarch) exercised control over justice and economy
RELIGION
•Catholic Church influences colonial government•Missionaries seek converts to Christianity (Catholic)
•Haven for religious persecution•City on a Hill
•Missionaries sought converts to Christianity (Catholic)•Prohibited settling by Protestants
SLAVERY•Used Native Americans, then African slaves•Brutal
•African slaves, especially on southern plantations
•African slaves in the Caribbean colonies
INTERACTION WITH NATIVE AMERICANS
•Conquered and destroyed native civilizations
•Some early settlers helped by native Americans•Later settlers fought native Americans for land
•Native Americans helped fur traders claim territory•Settlers married native American women
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European Imperial Claims and Settlements in Eastern North America, 1565–1625
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French & Spanish Occupation of North America, to 1750
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Eastern North America in 1650
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New New NetherlanNetherlands & New ds & New SwedenSweden
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The Caribbean Colonies, 1660
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Ethnic Groups in Colonial Ethnic Groups in Colonial AmericaAmerica
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New England ColoniesColony (Date
founded) Leader Reasons foundedMassachusetts•Plymouth (1620)•Massachusetts Bay (1630)
William BradfordMiles StandishJohn Winthrop
Religious Freedom
New Hampshire (1622) Ferdinando GorgesJohn Mason
Profit from trading and fishing
Connecticut•Hartford (1636)•New Haven (1639)
Thomas Hooker •Religious and political freedom•Expand trade
Rhode Island (1636) Roger Williams Religious freedom (dissent)
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Colonizing New England
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New England Spreads
Out
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Settlement Patterns within New England Towns, 1630–1700
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New England Colonies, 1650
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The Dominion of New England, 1686-1689
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Population Comparison
s:New
England vs. the
Chesapeake
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Southern ColoniesColony (Date
founded) Leader Reasons founded
Virginia (1607) John Smith Trade and farming
Maryland (1632) Lord Baltimore •Profit from land sales•Religious (Catholic) and political freedom
The Carolinas (1663)•North (1712)•South (1712)
Group of 8 proprietors
•Trade and farming•Religious freedom
Georgia (1732) James Oglethorpe •Profit•Home for debtors•Buffer against Spanish Florida
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River Plantations in Virginia, c. 1640
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Chesapeake Expansion, 1607–1700
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Power and Race in the Chesapeake: Enoch Pratt Free Library of Baltimore.
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Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”
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18th Century Southern 18th Century Southern ColoniesColonies
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Middle ColoniesColony (Date
founded) Leader Reasons founded
New York (1624) Peter Minuit Expand trade
Delaware (1638) Swedish settlers Expand trade
New Jersey (1664) John BerkeleyGeorge Carteret
•Profit from land sales•Religious and political freedom
Pennsylvania (1682)
William Penn •Profit from land sales •Religious and political freedom
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European Colonization in the Middle and North Atlantic, c. 1650
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Settling the Middle Settling the Middle [or “Restoration”] Colonies[or “Restoration”] Colonies
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New York New York Manors & Manors &
Land Land GrantsGrantsDutch Dutch
(Holland, the (Holland, the Netherlands)Netherlands)
“Patroonships”“Patroonships”
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Duke of Duke of York’s York’s
Original Original CharterCharter
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Britain’s American Empire, 1713