Dengue Fever in Malaysia - Fadhila & Nadiah

7/29/2019 Dengue Fever in Malaysia - Fadhila & Nadiah

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DENGUE FEVER

IN MALAYSIAPrepared by :

Fadhila Binti Mohd HanapiahNadiah Binti Suffian


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INTRODUCTION

Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes,mainly theAedes aegypti species.

The virus is contracted from the bite of a stripedAedes aegypti mosquito that has previously bitten aninfected person. One mosquito bite can inflict the

disease. There are four strains or serotypes of dengue virus

namely DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. The mosquito flourishes during rainy seasons but can

breed in water-filled containers, year-round.

The virus is not contagious and cannot be spreaddirectly from person to person. There must be aperson-to-mosquito-to-another-person pathway.

Dengue haemorrhagic fever severe form of dengue.A second attack by dengue virus of a differentserotype from the first infection.

Approximately 1% of patients with dengue infectionro ress to den ue haemorrha ic fever.


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WORLD-WIDE DENGUEDISTRIBUTION


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EPIDEMIOLOGY

1902 - The earliest recorded case ofdengue fever in Malaysia Penang

1962 The first major dengue outbreak inMalaysia Penang

1973 A nationwide outbreak KualaLumpur

Since then dengue has become a majorpublic health problem in the country.

Dengue cases/deaths mounts parallelwith the rapid development,expansion of urban areas &population density

(as of Sept 2008 =

27,730,000 inhabitants).


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INCIDENCE OF DENGUE CASESIN MALAYSIA FROM 1998-2008

Year Case Death

1998 27381 82

1999 10146 37

2000 7103 45

2001 16386 50

2002 15493 54

2003 31545 72

2004 33895 102

2005 39654 107

2006 34386 70

2007 48846 98

2008 49355 112

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

Reported Dengue Cases in Malaysia

Reported Dengue Deaths in Malaysia

82

3745

5054

72

102 107

70

98

112

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

P/S : 28.12.2008 03.01.2009, 1157

cases were reportedwith 4 deaths so


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DIAGNOSIS

Classic symptoms : high fever, a petechial rashwith thrombocytopenia & relative leukopenia(decrease in the number of circulating WBC inthe blood).

WHO definition of DHF : Fever Haemorrhagic tendency [positive tourniquet test

(> than 20 petechiae per square inch),spontaneous bruising, bleeding from mucosa,gingiva, injection sites, vomiting blood or bloody

diarrhea]. Thrombocytopaenia [ than 20%].

Serology (identification of antibodies in theblood serum) & polymerase chain reaction (PCR)


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SYMPTOMS

Sudden high fever (39-41.5C)for 2 to 7 days

Headache Pain behind the eyes Muscle pain, joint pain, bone

pain (break-bone fever) After 1 to 2 days of fever, the

patient develops initial rashwith discoloured spots, often

described as Isles of white ina sea of red

Second rash may develop topalms and soles, and skin maypeel off (desquamate) & body

temperature drops


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TREATMENTS

No specific antiviral treatment, onlysupportive treatment is given to suchpatients.

If the patient is dehydrating, adequate fluidsare to be taken.

Intravenous fluid is administered if thepatient is unable to maintain oral intake. For severe body ache, painkillers may be

needed. For severe headache and for joint and

muscle pain, acetaminophen/paracetamoland codeine may be given. If there is significant bleeding, blood or

platelet transfusion will be carried out.

Note : Aspirin should be avoided as this

drugmay worsen the bleeding tendency


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PREVENTIONS

STRATEGIES Individual roles. People are urged to

empty stagnant water from old tires,trash cans & flower pots.

Mosquito control. Place larvicidee.g. Abate or any other suitableinsecticides into any exposed watercontainer. Use mosquito repellant

sprays that contain NNDB or DEET. Enforcement. Local authorities from

Ministry of Health conduct on-sitecheck & destroy larvae at residentialpremises & construction sites. Fines

may be imposed on the owner ofro erties.

There is currently no vaccineavailable for the dengue fever.


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PREVENTIONS

Fogging with insecticide.Fogging would be carried out bylocal authorities in housing areawhere 2 or more cases of denguefever are reported within one week.

Information.In Nov 2007, theMinistry of Health carried out amajor campaign against Aedes.During the campaign free packagesof Abate were distributed.Leaflets & brochures to inform thepublic on ways to prevent & curb

Aedes breeding are distributed. Awareness campaign.Schools &

local communities are encouragedto carry out communal cleaningactivities. Public awarenesscampaigns through strategically

placed posters & televisionadvertisements are also done.


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REFERENCES

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demam_Denggi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_fever http://www.gov.my/MyGov/BI/Directory/Citizen/CitizenHe http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/01614/dengue-malay http://www.dph.gov.my/vektor/eng/kes_dd_tahunan.htm http://www.infosihat.gov.my/isusemasa.php?id=17 http://www.myhealth.gov.my/myhealth/bm/template.jsp http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000373/p000

http://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/en/index.html
http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demam_Denggihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_feverhttp://www.gov.my/MyGov/BI/Directory/Citizen/CitizenHealth/HealthPersonal/CommonDiseaseshttp://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/01614/dengue-malaysia.htmlhttp://www.dph.gov.my/vektor/eng/kes_dd_tahunan.htmhttp://www.infosihat.gov.my/isusemasa.php?id=17http://www.myhealth.gov.my/myhealth/bm/template.jsp?showMe=28&storyid=1231474221719http://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000373/p0000373.asphttp://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/en/index.htmlhttp://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000373/p0000373.asphttp://www.myhealth.gov.my/myhealth/bm/template.jsp?showMe=28&storyid=1231474221719http://www.infosihat.gov.my/isusemasa.php?id=17http://www.dph.gov.my/vektor/eng/kes_dd_tahunan.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/01614/dengue-malaysia.htmlhttp://www.gov.my/MyGov/BI/Directory/Citizen/CitizenHealth/HealthPersonal/CommonDiseaseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_feverhttp://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demam_Denggi

Dengue Fever in Malaysia - Fadhila & Nadiah

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