Demographics by Participation - cdd.stanford.edu...Results produced by the Center for Deliberative...

Results produced by the Center for Deliberative Democracy at Stanford University.

Demographics by Participation

Percentages reported for all other categories are valid percentages. * indicates a p-value of ≤0.05, ** indicates a p-value of ≤0.01, and *** indicates a p-value of ≤0.001 resulting from a chi-square test.

n = 188 n = 73

Demographic Category Participants Non-Participants

Class Year 2020 17%, 32 25%, 18

2021 25%, 47 30%, 22

2022 26%, 48 15%, 11

2023 31%, 59 27%, 20

Prefer not to state 1%, 2 3%, 2

Financial Aid No 36%, 68 38%, 28


Yes 58%, 109 53%, 39

Financial Aid Breakdown

0-25% 4%, 8 10%, 7

25-50% 4%, 8 7%, 5

50-75% 6%, 12 7%, 5

75-100% 37%, 70 27%, 20

None 36%, 68 38%, 28


NCAA Membership

No 95%, 178 92%, 67


Yes 4%, 8 5%, 4

Greek Life Membership

No 81%, 153 82%, 60


Yes 16%, 30 18%, 13





Race and Ethnicity

American Indian or Alaska Native 1%, 1 4%, 3

Asian; Far East, Southeast Asia, Indian

40%, 75 34%, 25

Black; African American 11%, 20 4%, 3

Hispanic or Latino 10%, 18 7%, 5

Multiracial 6%, 12 8%, 6

Other (please specify) 1%, 1 0%, 0


White; European, Middle Eastern, North African

29%, 55 38%, 28

Political Affiliation

Democrat 58%, 109 56%, 41

Independent 21%, 40 21%, 15



Republican 2%, 4 3%, 2

Unsure 7%, 13 8%, 6

Gender Both/neither/fluid 2%, 3 3%, 2

Female 53%, 100 46%, 33

Male 44%, 82 51%, 36


Transgender No 96%, 180 95%, 69


Unsure 1%, 2 4%, 3

Yes 2%, 4 1%, 1

Sexual Identity

Asexual 1%, 2 1%, 1

Bisexual/pansexual 15%, 29 14%, 10

Heterosexual 63%, 118 63%, 46





Homosexual 10%, 19 8%, 6



Queer 3%, 6 4%, 3

Unsure 3%, 6 1%, 1


Knowledge by Deliberation

Percentages reported for “No opinion” are raw percentages. Percentages reported for all other categories are valid percentages. * indicates a p-value of ≤0.05, ** indicates a p-value of ≤0.01, and *** indicates a p-value of ≤0.001 resulting from a paired t-test.

Legend T Total

Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 188

Number Question T T

K1 Prior to the COVID-19 crisis, approximately what percentage of people in the U.S. did not have medical insurance?

0.170 0.255**

K2 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act allows which of the following?

0.809 0.910***

K3 Which of the following is true about Stanford’s “Residential Neighborhoods” Long Range Plan?

0.090 0.734***

K4 Approximately what percentage of Stanford students received need-based aid in 2019?

0.314 0.309

K5 Which of the following is true about Stanford’s Greek organizations?

0.654 0.867***


Issues Overall

Percentages reported for “No opinion” are raw percentages. Percentages reported for all other categories are valid percentages. * indicates a p-value of ≤0.05, ** indicates a p-value of ≤0.01, and *** indicates a p-value of ≤0.001 resulting from an independent t-test.

Legend T Total

Participants

at T1 Non-

Participants at T1

n = 188 n = 73

Number Question T T

1 To begin with, all in all, on a 0 to 10 scale, where 0 is "extremely poorly," 10 is “extremely well,” and 5 is in the middle, how poorly or well would you say the system of democracy in the US works these days?

4.192 4.028

2A Tuition should be reduced for online classes even if that means reducing financial aid.

5.764 6.286

2B Stanford should move forward with the planned undergraduate residential neighborhood system.

4.783 5.436

2C Stanford should increase the number of residences that offer gender-neutral housing.

7.270 7.259

2D All roommate assignments should be made gender-neutral unless otherwise requested.

3.676 3.383

2E Stanford should abolish Greek life. 4.253 4.312

2F Greek organizations should not be given their own houses.

4.950 5.125


Issues Overall


Number Question T T

3A The federal government should implement a "Medicare for All" system.

7.687 7.797

3B The federal government should pay for all domestic treatment of COVID-19 for the uninsured.

8.456 8.208

3C The federal government should pay for all domestic treatment of COVID-19.

6.938 7.071

3D COVID-19 vaccines should be mandatory when they are made available.

8.351 7.789

3E Nonprofit organizations should work with the government to implement opt-in-only contact tracing platforms to monitor the spread of COVID-19.

7.281 6.875

3F Private corporations should work with the government to implement opt-in-only contact tracing platforms to monitor the spread of COVID-19.

6.374 6.459

3G Local, state, and federal governments should be able to impose stay-at-home orders with the threat of criminal punishment.

6.043 5.333

3H The federal government should give every American age 16 and older who earns less $130,000 per year $2,000 every month until employment reaches pre-COVID-19 levels.

6.051 6.044

4A A one-time cash grant provided to eligible adults in response to the COVID-19-induced economic downturn was sufficient.

2.179 2.701*


Issues Overall


Number Question T T

4B Fining someone for violating stay-at-home orders will ensure our community is kept safe.

5.217 4.873

4C Putting someone in jail for violating stay-at-home orders will ensure our community is kept safe.

2.957 2.155*

4D The treatment costs for COVID-19 are unpredictable, therefore the government should not be footing the bill for everyone’s treatment.

3.152 3.358

4E Having online only classes is not the Stanford college experience, that’s why tuition should be reduced.

7.422 7.794

4F Housing for Greek organizations is an essential part of the Greek life experience.

5.477 5.787

4G Greek organizations provide valuable social experiences for those who are participating.

6.000 6.443

4H Greek organizations are biased towards privileged students in their selection process for new members.

7.516 7.610

4I Private corporations will take advantage of citizens’ data if they work with the government to implement contact tracing platforms.

6.602 6.638

4J Government-coordinated contact tracing platforms violate essential privacy rights.

4.637 4.730

5A Seeing to it that everyone has equal opportunities.

8.793 8.736


Issues Overall


Number Question T T

5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 7.903

5C Not having to worry about being fired. 6.806 6.457

5D Making sure that nobody suffers from lack of food or shelter.

9.048 8.931

5E Earning as much money as possible. 4.446 5.043

5F Seeing to it that everyone is safe and healthy.

8.702 8.903

5G Making sure that everyone has a community they can identify with.

7.679 7.676

5H Making sure that no one is left out. 7.328 7.638

6A Some people think we should have a more equal society even if that means there is less wealth overall. Suppose these people are at 0, on a 0 to 10 scale. Other people think we should let individuals get as rich as they can, even if that means the society is very unequal. Suppose these people are at 10 on the same scale and 5 is in the middle. Where would you place yourself on this scale?

3.726 3.861


Issues Overall


Number Question T T

6B Some people think the government should provide much more help to the poor, even if that means higher taxes. Suppose these people are at 0, on a 0 to 10 scale. Other people think taxes should be kept low, even if that means less help for the poor. Suppose these people are at 10 on the same scale and 5 is in the middle. Where do you place yourself on this scale?

2.785 2.778

7A Public officials care a lot about what people like me think.

3.473 3.886

7B Most public policy issues are so complicated that a person like me can’t really understand what's going on.

3.979 3.662

7C People like me don't have any say about what the government does.

5.310 5.746

7D I have opinions about politics that are worth listening to.

6.649 6.814

8A The Stanford University administrators care a lot about what students like me think.

4.878 4.699

8B Most Stanford University issues are so complicated that students like me can’t really understand what’s going on.

2.802 2.917

8C People like me don't have any say about what the Stanford University administration does.

5.195 5.625

8D I have opinions about Stanford issues that are worth listening to.

7.254 7.528


Issues Overall


Number Question T T

9A They just don’t know enough. 4.994 4.924

9B They believe some things that aren’t true.

6.140 6.179

9C They are not thinking clearly. 4.192 4.125

9D They have good reasons; there just are better ones on the other side.

6.464 6.090

9E They are looking out for their own interests.

7.391 7.000


Issues Overall


Legend T Total

Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 188

Number Question T T


4.192 4.538**

Poorly 61 53

In the middle 10 9

Well 29 38

No opinion 3 1


5.785 6.448**

Oppose 30 26

In the middle 10 4

Favor 60 70

No opinion 7 1


4.766 4.328*

Oppose 45 57

In the middle 11 8

Favor 44 36

No opinion 31 3


Issues Overall


Number Question T T


7.256 7.551

Oppose 12 12

In the middle 10 8

Favor 77 80

No opinion 13 5


3.617 4.856***

Oppose 68 48

In the middle 7 9

Favor 25 43

No opinion 10 3

2E Stanford should abolish Greek life. 4.269 4.094

Oppose 59 61

In the middle 4 4

Favor 36 36

No opinion 14 4


4.943 5.222

Oppose 51 44

In the middle 6 7

Favor 43 49

No opinion 15 4


7.706 7.141***


Issues Overall


Number Question T T

Oppose 11 17

In the middle 2 6

Favor 87 77

No opinion 5 2


8.461 8.180*

Oppose 4 4

In the middle 3 3

Favor 93 93

No opinion 4 1


6.920 6.349**

Oppose 22 29

In the middle 6 7

Favor 72 64

No opinion 6 1


8.353 6.810***

Oppose 7 21

In the middle 2 4

Favor 91 75

No opinion 2 1


7.311 7.377

Oppose 9 11


Issues Overall


Number Question T T

In the middle 7 7

Favor 84 83

No opinion 9 2


6.389 6.090

Oppose 22 29

In the middle 8 7

Favor 70 64

No opinion 9 3


6.066 4.153***

Oppose 29 55

In the middle 4 6

Favor 67 39

No opinion 2 1


6.047 5.333***

Oppose 30 40

In the middle 8 9

Favor 62 51

No opinion 7 2


Issues Overall


Number Question T T


2.153 2.102

Disagree 92 89

In the middle 3 4

Agree 4 7

No opinion 5 3


5.209 4.670**

Disagree 40 49

In the middle 7 9

Agree 53 42

No opinion 2 1


2.941 1.584***

Disagree 75 91

In the middle 6 4

Agree 19 5

No opinion 1 1


3.062 3.185

Disagree 75 77

In the middle 7 6

Agree 18 18

No opinion 9 6


Issues Overall


Number Question T T


7.457 7.429

Disagree 8 11

In the middle 8 6

Agree 85 82

No opinion 2 1


5.488 5.240

Disagree 34 42

In the middle 7 11

Agree 59 47

No opinion 30 15


6.034 6.452**

Disagree 27 18

In the middle 7 10

Agree 66 72

No opinion 19 9


7.527 7.439

Disagree 8 10

In the middle 7 5

Agree 85 84

No opinion 19 8


Issues Overall


Number Question T T


6.618 6.271*

Disagree 18 17

In the middle 9 12

Agree 73 70

No opinion 6 5


4.605 4.347

Disagree 50 58

In the middle 14 14

Agree 36 29

No opinion 9 3


8.793 8.729

Unimportant 1 2

In the middle 2 2

Important 97 97

No opinion 0 0

5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 7.583***

Unimportant 3 5

In the middle 4 3

Important 93 92

No opinion 1 0

5C Not having to worry about being fired. 6.827 6.708

Unimportant 17 19

In the middle 8 4


Issues Overall


Number Question T T

Important 75 77

No opinion 1 1


9.064 9.086

Unimportant 1 1

In the middle 4 1

Important 96 98

No opinion 0 1

5E Earning as much money as possible. 4.418 4.304

Unimportant 53 56

In the middle 12 9

Important 34 35

No opinion 1 2


8.711 8.947*

Unimportant 2 1

In the middle 3 2

Important 95 97

No opinion 0 1


7.701 7.560

Unimportant 8 8

In the middle 4 4

Important 88 88

No opinion 1 2

5H Making sure that no one is left out. 7.354 7.519

Unimportant 11 7


Issues Overall


Number Question T T

In the middle 7 5

Important 83 88

No opinion 3 1


3.708 3.222***

More equal 61 72

In the middle 12 9

Get rich 27 19

No opinion 1 1


2.785 2.570

Help poor 81 86

In the middle 7 4

Low taxes 12 10

No opinion 1 1


Issues Overall


Number Question T T


3.464 4.293***

Disagree 72 56

In the middle 6 8

Agree 22 36

No opinion 3 1


3.973 3.478***

Disagree 58 67

In the middle 5 4

Agree 37 29

No opinion 1 1


5.339 5.032

Disagree 42 43

In the middle 9 9

Agree 50 49

No opinion 1 1


6.737 7.187**

Disagree 14 8

In the middle 17 7

Agree 68 85

No opinion 7 3


4.878 4.922

Disagree 43 40


Issues Overall


Number Question T T

In the middle 6 10

Agree 52 50

No opinion 4 2


2.817 2.457**

Disagree 80 82

In the middle 4 4

Agree 17 14

No opinion 1 1


5.223 5.348

Disagree 42 43

In the middle 5 6

Agree 52 51

No opinion 2 1


7.328 8.000***

Disagree 7 3

In the middle 10 3

Agree 83 93

No opinion 4 3

9A They just don’t know enough. 5.000 4.847

Disagree 42 47

In the middle 10 5

Agree 49 48

No opinion 5 2


Issues Overall


Number Question T T


6.125 6.074

Disagree 20 22

In the middle 8 7

Agree 71 72

No opinion 5 3

9C They are not thinking clearly. 4.185 3.976

Disagree 52 58

In the middle 16 11

Agree 32 31

No opinion 9 5


6.464 6.816*

Disagree 15 13

In the middle 8 10

Agree 77 78

No opinion 5 3


7.391 7.043*

Disagree 6 11

In the middle 7 9

Agree 87 80

No opinion 2 1


Issues by Race and Ethnicity


Legend T Total 1 American Indian or Alaska Native 2 Asian; Far East, Southeast Asia, Indian 3 Black; African American 4 Hispanic or Latino 5 Multiracial 6 White; European, Middle Eastern, North African

Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 1 n = 75 n = 20 n = 18 n = 12 n = 55 n = 188 n = 1 n = 75 n = 20 n = 18 n = 12 n = 55

Number Question T 1 2 3 4 5 6 T 1 2 3 4 5 6


4.192 2.000 3.917 4.050 4.722 3.583 4.491 4.538** 2.000 4.486** 4.250 5.000 4.083 4.604

Poorly 61 100 71 60 39 67 57 53 100 53 65 44 58 52

In the middle 10 0 8 20 11 0 9 9 0 13 0 11 0 7

Well 29 0 21 20 50 33 34 38 0 33 35 44 42 41

No opinion 3 0 4 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 2


5.785 8.000 5.768 6.105 4.647 5.636 6.020 6.448** 9.000 6.855** 6.316 6.000 5.545 6.163

Oppose 30 0 32 32 47 27 20 26 0 19 30 33 33 31

In the middle 10 0 7 5 6 18 16 4 0 4 0 0 0 9

Favor 60 100 61 63 47 55 64 70 100 77 70 67 67 59

No opinion 7 0 8 5 6 8 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 2


4.766 4.000 5.120 4.143 3.600 5.100 4.900 4.328* 3.000 4.500 3.714 3.900 3.600 4.600

Oppose 45 100 36 57 70 50 41 57 100 56 70 67 58 46





In the middle 11 0 14 14 0 0 12 8 0 10 5 6 0 10

Favor 44 0 50 29 30 50 46 36 0 34 25 28 42 44

No opinion 31 0 33 30 44 17 25 3 0 3 0 0 0 5


7.256 8.000 7.594 7.294 5.714 8.455 7.043 7.551 7.000 7.547 7.882 6.000 9.091 7.660*

Oppose 12 0 6 6 40 0 16 12 0 8 0 24 0 15

In the middle 10 0 12 12 7 9 10 8 0 11 5 6 17 6

Favor 77 100 82 82 53 91 73 80 100 80 95 71 83 79

No opinion 13 0 11 15 17 8 11 5 0 5 5 6 0 4


3.617 NaN 4.164 2.833 2.647 3.364 3.500 4.856*** NaN 4.925 4.167 4.882** 5.818 4.840**

Oppose 68 NaN 60 84 76 73 71 48 100 44 63 50 33 50

In the middle 7 NaN 9 0 18 9 4 9 0 14 11 0 0 7

Favor 25 NaN 31 16 6 18 25 43 0 42 26 50 67 43

No opinion 10 100 11 5 6 8 7 3 0 3 5 0 0 2

2E Stanford should abolish Greek life. 4.269 6.000 4.919 3.389 3.375 5.182 3.837 4.094 1.000 4.661 3.333 3.000 5.091 4.000

Oppose 59 0 50 68 62 45 70 61 100 55 58 76 50 62

In the middle 4 0 5 11 6 0 2 4 0 4 5 0 8 4

Favor 36 100 45 21 31 55 28 36 0 41 37 24 42 34

No opinion 14 0 17 5 11 8 9 4 0 1 5 6 0 4


4.943 7.000 5.283 5.158 3.867 6.364 4.469 5.222 1.000 6.017* 5.158 4.067 5.545 4.673

Oppose 51 0 50 47 60 27 57 44 100 32 40 65 50 53

In the middle 6 0 5 0 7 0 8 7 0 8 10 6 8 5

Favor 43 100 45 53 33 73 35 49 0 60 50 29 42 42

No opinion 15 0 20 5 17 8 11 4 0 4 0 6 0 0






7.706 9.000 7.958 8.263 7.688 8.833 6.941 7.141*** 9.000 7.408** 7.211* 6.875* 8.333 6.686

Oppose 11 0 10 5 6 0 19 17 0 12 10 19 0 26

In the middle 2 0 3 0 0 0 4 6 0 7 10 12 0 4

Favor 87 100 87 95 94 100 77 77 100 81 80 69 100 70

No opinion 5 0 5 5 6 0 5 2 0 0 0 11 0 2


8.461 10.000 8.343 8.850 8.529 9.800 8.283 8.180* 10.000 8.129 8.150 8.294 9.400 8.038

Oppose 4 0 4 0 6 0 6 4 0 3 5 6 0 6

In the middle 3 0 3 5 0 0 4 3 0 3 0 6 0 4

Favor 93 100 93 95 94 100 91 93 100 95 95 89 100 91

No opinion 4 0 5 0 6 17 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 2


6.920 8.000 7.087 7.200 6.625 8.000 6.566 6.349** 7.000 6.551 6.400 7.000 7.700 5.660*

Oppose 22 0 21 20 25 0 24 29 0 22 35 22 8 43

In the middle 6 0 7 10 0 10 6 7 0 9 0 17 0 6

Favor 72 100 71 70 75 90 70 64 100 69 65 61 92 52

No opinion 6 0 7 0 11 17 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 2


8.353 8.000 8.736 7.789 8.111 8.500 7.891 6.810*** 2.000 7.403*** 6.316* 6.667* 7.000** 6.236***

Oppose 7 0 6 15 0 8 9 21 100 15 26 22 17 29

In the middle 2 0 1 5 6 0 2 4 0 3 0 11 0 5

Favor 91 100 93 80 94 92 89 75 0 83 74 67 83 65

No opinion 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 0


7.311 NaN 7.418 6.750 7.200 6.800 7.308 7.377 NaN 7.209 7.188 7.067 7.900 7.808





Oppose 9 NaN 7 6 13 10 11 11 0 12 6 17 8 7

In the middle 7 NaN 9 17 13 0 2 7 0 9 0 11 0 4

Favor 84 NaN 84 78 73 90 87 83 100 78 94 72 92 89

No opinion 9 100 9 10 17 17 4 2 0 1 10 0 0 2


6.389 NaN 6.530 5.000 6.786 5.364 6.490 6.090 NaN 6.076 5.500 6.143 5.636 6.510

Oppose 22 NaN 21 37 20 36 19 29 100 28 26 24 33 28

In the middle 8 NaN 9 11 13 9 4 7 0 8 0 6 0 9

Favor 70 NaN 70 53 67 55 77 64 0 64 74 71 67 62

No opinion 9 100 11 5 17 8 5 3 0 1 5 6 0 4


6.066 NaN 6.861 5.100 5.278 4.667 6.111 4.153*** NaN 4.736*** 2.500*** 3.889 3.333 4.426***

Oppose 29 NaN 21 55 28 50 22 55 100 50 70 56 58 51

In the middle 4 NaN 7 0 0 0 4 6 0 5 5 6 17 7

Favor 67 NaN 73 45 72 50 74 39 0 45 25 39 25 42

No opinion 2 100 3 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0


6.047 NaN 6.394 6.350 5.176 6.545 5.769 5.333*** NaN 5.439** 5.000* 5.824 6.273 5.173

Oppose 30 0 25 25 53 27 30 40 NaN 37 45 33 42 43

In the middle 8 0 7 15 6 0 8 9 NaN 11 10 6 0 9

Favor 62 100 68 60 41 73 62 51 NaN 52 45 61 58 48

No opinion 7 0 9 0 6 8 4 2 100 3 0 0 0 2






2.153 2.000 2.225 1.684 2.125 2.182 2.308 2.102 2.000 2.113 1.895 2.750 1.636 2.154

Disagree 92 100 89 100 94 100 90 89 100 88 95 82 100 87

In the middle 3 0 7 0 0 0 2 4 0 4 5 0 0 7

Agree 4 0 4 0 6 0 8 7 0 8 0 18 0 5

No opinion 5 0 4 0 11 8 5 3 0 3 5 6 0 0


5.209 3.000 5.653 4.158 5.111 5.333 5.132 4.670** 1.000 4.958* 3.263 5.389 3.333** 5.000

Disagree 40 100 35 53 39 58 36 49 100 44 70 28 67 47

In the middle 7 0 9 0 6 0 9 9 0 12 5 11 17 4

Agree 53 0 55 47 56 42 55 42 0 44 25 61 17 49

No opinion 2 0 1 5 0 0 4 1 0 3 0 0 0 0


2.941 2.000 3.667 2.350 3.389 2.583 2.418 1.584*** 0.000 1.819*** 1.050* 2.111* 1.167 1.582**

Disagree 75 100 68 80 61 75 85 91 100 88 100 83 100 91

In the middle 6 0 9 0 6 8 4 4 0 5 0 17 0 2

Agree 19 0 23 20 33 17 11 5 0 7 0 0 0 7

No opinion 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0


3.062 1.000 3.238 2.294 2.688 2.750 2.917 3.185 1.000 3.063 3.706 3.375 1.833 3.438

Disagree 75 100 72 83 71 92 76 77 100 81 58 71 100 76

In the middle 7 0 7 11 6 0 8 6 0 7 11 0 0 6

Agree 18 0 20 6 24 8 16 18 0 12 32 29 0 19

No opinion 9 0 8 10 6 0 11 6 0 9 5 6 0 2






7.457 9.000 7.693 8.105 6.500 6.917 7.321 7.429 10.000 7.760 7.421 6.833 7.333 7.132

Disagree 8 0 4 0 11 8 11 11 0 9 15 17 0 13

In the middle 8 0 8 0 22 0 8 6 0 4 0 6 17 11

Agree 85 100 88 100 67 92 81 82 100 87 85 78 83 76

No opinion 2 0 0 5 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 2


5.488 7.000 4.880 5.182 6.769 5.111 6.050 5.240 9.000 4.500 3.636 6.692 5.667 5.950

Disagree 34 0 40 38 23 33 27 42 0 48 64 31 33 37

In the middle 7 0 8 0 8 0 7 11 0 11 7 6 8 12

Agree 59 100 52 62 69 67 66 47 100 41 29 62 58 51

No opinion 30 0 31 35 28 25 25 15 0 12 30 11 0 11


6.034 6.000 5.518 6.308 6.533 5.417 6.587 6.452** 8.000 5.982 6.385 7.267 5.417 7.043

Disagree 27 0 31 21 33 42 19 18 0 20 22 11 25 14

In the middle 7 0 7 0 0 0 10 10 0 14 6 6 8 8

Agree 66 100 62 79 67 58 71 72 100 65 72 83 67 78

No opinion 19 0 23 30 17 0 13 9 0 8 10 0 0 9


7.527 9.000 7.719 8.200 7.000 7.917 7.000 7.439 6.000 7.895 7.933 6.000* 8.000 7.000

Disagree 8 0 2 12 21 8 13 10 0 4 11 22 8 16

In the middle 7 0 10 0 7 0 7 5 0 7 0 0 8 6

Agree 85 100 88 88 71 92 80 84 100 88 89 78 83 78

No opinion 19 0 23 20 22 0 16 8 0 9 10 0 0 7


6.618 NaN 6.761 7.125 7.250 6.667 6.231 6.271* NaN 6.448 5.812 6.562 6.583 6.000





Disagree 18 NaN 17 11 0 17 25 17 0 13 17 18 0 26

In the middle 9 NaN 9 17 6 8 8 12 0 14 11 6 17 11

Agree 73 NaN 74 72 94 75 68 70 100 73 72 76 83 62

No opinion 6 100 7 10 11 0 4 5 0 5 10 6 0 4


4.605 NaN 4.507 4.471 5.154 5.182 4.431 4.347 NaN 4.333 4.706 4.308 5.273 3.941

Disagree 50 NaN 52 53 46 55 48 58 0 58 63 59 42 61

In the middle 14 NaN 14 18 8 0 17 14 0 15 5 12 17 15

Agree 36 NaN 34 29 46 45 35 29 100 27 32 29 42 24

No opinion 9 100 5 15 28 8 5 3 0 3 5 6 0 2


8.793 10.000 8.853 9.500 9.278 8.750 8.218 8.729 10.000 8.773 9.300 8.833 8.750 8.327

Unimportant 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 3 0 0 0 2

In the middle 2 0 1 0 0 8 2 2 0 1 0 6 0 2

Important 97 100 99 100 100 92 95 97 100 96 100 94 100 96

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 6.000 8.147 7.900 8.471 7.083 7.873 7.583*** 6.000 7.613** 7.650 7.824 6.417 7.527

Unimportant 3 0 3 10 0 8 2 5 0 4 5 0 25 4

In the middle 4 0 3 0 0 0 7 3 0 3 0 0 0 7

Important 93 100 95 90 100 92 91 92 100 93 95 100 75 89

No opinion 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5C Not having to worry about being fired. 6.827 9.000 7.640 7.316 6.059 6.167 5.852 6.708 9.000 7.267 7.158 6.588 6.000 6.000

Unimportant 17 0 5 15 18 33 30 19 0 11 5 17 33 29

In the middle 8 0 4 10 35 0 6 4 0 7 0 0 8 4

Important 75 100 91 75 47 67 65 77 100 83 95 83 58 67

No opinion 1 0 0 0 6 0 2 1 0 0 5 0 0 0






9.064 10.000 8.867 9.450 9.333 9.583 8.926 9.086 10.000 8.933 9.500 9.667 9.333 8.778

Unimportant 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

In the middle 4 0 4 0 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 4

Important 96 100 96 100 100 100 91 98 100 100 100 100 100 94

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

5E Earning as much money as possible. 4.418 3.000 4.562 4.800 5.278 3.750 4.038 4.304 3.000 4.411 4.000* 5.500 3.333 4.245

Unimportant 53 100 48 50 44 67 58 56 100 54 65 39 67 55

In the middle 12 0 15 10 11 8 13 9 0 14 5 6 17 6

Important 34 0 37 40 44 25 29 35 0 32 30 56 17 40

No opinion 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 4


8.711 8.000 8.587 9.300 9.056 9.083 8.407 8.947* 9.000 8.920 9.050 9.389 9.000 8.722

Unimportant 2 0 1 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 4

In the middle 3 0 5 0 0 0 4 2 0 1 0 0 0 4

Important 95 100 93 100 100 100 93 97 100 99 100 100 100 93

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2


7.701 8.000 8.095 7.450 8.294 7.750 6.887 7.560 9.000 7.878 6.750* 8.235 6.833 7.226

Unimportant 8 0 7 5 6 0 15 8 0 5 10 6 17 9

In the middle 4 0 1 5 0 0 7 4 0 0 15 0 0 8

Important 88 100 92 90 94 100 78 88 100 95 75 94 83 83

No opinion 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 4

5H Making sure that no one is left out. 7.354 9.000 7.875 7.474 8.294 8.000 6.170 7.519 9.000 7.917 7.368 8.118 7.667 6.642

Unimportant 11 0 3 5 0 0 28 7 0 0 5 0 8 19

In the middle 7 0 5 16 0 17 6 5 0 5 5 0 8 7

Important 83 100 92 79 100 83 67 88 100 95 90 100 83 74

No opinion 3 0 3 5 6 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 2






3.708 2.000 3.658 2.750 4.278 2.667 4.167 3.222*** 1.000 3.178* 2.300 3.778 2.250 3.630**

More equal 61 100 63 75 50 83 51 72 100 71 90 72 92 63

In the middle 12 0 15 10 11 8 11 9 0 11 0 6 0 11

Get rich 27 0 22 15 39 8 38 19 0 19 10 22 8 26

No opinion 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2


2.785 0.000 3.067 2.150 2.412 1.333 3.148 2.570 1.000 2.587* 2.200 2.412 1.583 2.778

Help poor 81 100 76 100 88 100 74 86 100 87 100 94 100 76

In the middle 7 0 12 0 0 0 7 4 0 5 0 0 0 6

Low taxes 12 0 12 0 12 0 19 10 0 8 0 6 0 19

No opinion 1 0 0 0 6 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2


3.464 2.000 3.365 3.000 4.412 3.000 3.759 4.293*** 3.000 4.176** 3.647 5.059 4.250 4.481**

Disagree 72 100 76 76 50 83 69 56 100 60 60 47 50 53

In the middle 6 0 5 6 11 17 4 8 0 11 5 0 8 9

Agree 22 0 19 18 39 0 28 36 0 29 35 53 42 38





No opinion 3 0 1 15 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 6 0 0


3.973 8.000 4.230 3.737 4.611 3.167 3.273 3.478*** 8.000 3.716* 2.684 3.833 3.333 2.891

Disagree 58 0 53 55 50 75 71 67 0 64 68 56 75 78

In the middle 5 0 8 5 0 8 2 4 0 5 0 6 0 4

Agree 37 100 39 40 50 17 27 29 100 31 32 39 25 18

No opinion 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 0


5.339 7.000 5.800 5.450 4.882 4.500 4.982 5.032 7.000 5.080** 5.250 4.706 5.000 4.800

Disagree 42 0 32 35 53 67 47 43 0 41 35 56 50 47

In the middle 9 0 9 10 6 8 7 9 0 9 5 0 0 13

Agree 50 100 59 55 41 25 45 49 100 49 60 44 50 40

No opinion 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0


6.737 NaN 6.391 7.316 7.059 6.833 6.980 7.187** NaN 6.913* 7.737 7.235 6.917 7.592**

Disagree 14 NaN 20 5 6 8 10 8 0 12 5 11 0 2

In the middle 17 NaN 20 16 18 8 18 7 0 10 5 0 17 4

Agree 68 NaN 61 79 76 83 71 85 100 78 89 89 83 94

No opinion 7 100 5 5 6 0 11 3 0 3 5 0 0 2


4.878 2.000 4.453 4.684 5.625 4.917 5.288 4.922 1.000 4.840 5.053 5.188 4.417 5.058

Disagree 43 100 49 53 41 33 33 40 100 40 35 35 50 41

In the middle 6 0 8 5 6 8 2 10 0 13 0 12 8 9

Agree 52 0 43 42 53 58 65 50 0 47 65 53 42 50

No opinion 4 0 0 5 6 0 5 2 0 0 0 6 0 2






2.817 3.000 3.093 2.050 2.722 2.917 2.618 2.457** 7.000 3.040 1.800 2.111 1.667** 2.109*

Disagree 80 100 75 90 83 92 80 82 0 72 85 89 100 89

In the middle 4 0 5 5 0 0 4 4 0 5 10 0 0 2

Agree 17 0 20 5 17 8 16 14 100 23 5 11 0 9

No opinion 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0


5.223 8.000 5.307 4.737 4.941 5.083 5.273 5.348 8.000 5.093 5.789 5.118 4.833 5.691

Disagree 42 0 39 47 41 42 45 43 0 43 40 56 58 36

In the middle 5 0 5 5 12 8 2 6 0 8 0 0 0 7

Agree 52 100 56 47 47 50 53 51 100 49 60 44 42 56

No opinion 2 0 0 5 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0


7.328 8.000 7.194 7.611 7.938 7.000 7.321 8.000*** 9.000 7.764* 8.167 8.125 8.167** 8.094***

Disagree 7 0 8 5 0 8 4 3 0 3 5 6 8 2

In the middle 10 0 14 11 6 0 9 3 0 4 5 0 0 4

Agree 83 100 78 84 94 92 87 93 100 93 89 94 92 94

No opinion 4 0 1 5 11 0 4 3 0 3 5 0 0 2

9A They just don’t know enough. 5.000 2.000 4.875 5.412 6.176 5.000 4.529 4.847 3.000 4.694 5.706 5.353 5.583 4.686

Disagree 42 100 45 39 24 33 49 47 100 50 42 44 33 45

In the middle 10 0 12 11 0 8 8 5 0 5 0 6 0 5

Agree 49 0 42 50 76 58 43 48 0 45 58 50 67 49

No opinion 5 0 3 10 6 0 7 2 0 1 5 0 0 0


6.125 3.000 6.082 6.706 6.222 5.917 6.020 6.074 6.000 5.685 6.588 6.611 6.500 6.240

Disagree 20 100 19 6 33 17 22 22 0 28 21 11 17 17

In the middle 8 0 11 12 0 8 8 7 0 7 0 6 0 9





Agree 71 0 70 82 67 75 70 72 100 65 79 83 83 74

No opinion 5 0 1 15 0 0 9 3 0 1 5 0 0 2

9C They are not thinking clearly. 4.185 2.000 4.471 3.857 4.667 3.750 3.918 3.976 2.000 4.029 4.429 4.833 3.833 3.571

Disagree 52 100 46 67 50 58 55 58 100 58 56 50 67 58

In the middle 16 0 20 7 11 25 12 11 0 11 12 17 8 11

Agree 32 0 34 27 39 17 33 31 0 31 31 33 25 30

No opinion 9 0 7 25 0 0 7 5 0 1 20 0 0 4


6.464 6.000 6.583 5.471 7.000 6.583 6.453 6.816* 8.000 6.986 6.176* 6.235 7.917** 6.585

Disagree 15 0 15 24 6 17 15 13 0 12 11 18 8 15

In the middle 8 0 7 18 6 8 8 10 0 10 17 12 0 11

Agree 77 100 78 59 88 75 77 78 100 78 72 71 92 75

No opinion 5 0 4 15 6 0 4 3 0 3 10 6 0 0


7.391 6.000 7.320 8.263 6.833 7.750 7.170 7.043* 7.000 6.960 7.947 6.389 7.583 6.830

Disagree 6 0 3 0 17 8 9 11 0 11 5 17 0 16

In the middle 7 0 9 5 11 0 6 9 0 8 5 11 8 9

Agree 87 100 88 95 72 92 85 80 100 81 89 72 92 75

No opinion 2 0 0 5 0 0 4 1 0 0 5 0 0 0


Issues by Political Affiliation


Legend T Total 1 Democrat 2 Independent 3 Republican

Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 109 n = 40 n = 4 n = 188 n = 109 n = 40 n = 4

Number Question T 1 2 3 T 1 2 3


4.192 4.009 4.579 7.250 4.538** 4.315* 4.789 6.500

Poorly 61 65 55 0 53 59 49 0

In the middle 10 13 5 0 9 11 10 25

Well 29 22 39 100 38 30 41 75

No opinion 3 1 5 0 1 0 2 0


5.785 5.856 5.743 7.333 6.448** 6.298 6.829* 8.333

Oppose 30 27 31 33 26 25 22 25

In the middle 10 10 11 0 4 3 5 25

Favor 60 64 57 67 70 72 72 50

No opinion 7 4 12 25 1 1 0 0


4.766 4.693 5.120 4.667 4.328* 4.347 4.040 3.000

Oppose 45 48 38 67 57 57 62 50

In the middle 11 12 4 0 8 5 11 50





Favor 44 40 58 33 36 38 27 0

No opinion 31 31 35 25 3 1 8 0


7.256 7.452 6.806 1.667 7.551 7.925* 6.645 4.667

Oppose 12 7 21 100 12 6 16 25

In the middle 10 10 12 0 8 7 13 50

Favor 77 82 67 0 80 87 71 25

No opinion 13 11 18 25 5 6 5 0


3.617 3.870 3.054 0.333 4.856*** 5.490*** 3.459 1.667

Oppose 68 67 79 100 48 41 64 75

In the middle 7 6 3 0 9 8 8 25

Favor 25 27 18 0 43 50 28 0

No opinion 10 8 5 25 3 2 2 0

2E Stanford should abolish Greek life. 4.269 4.228 4.081 2.250 4.094 3.989 3.919 2.000

Oppose 59 57 63 100 61 63 61 75

In the middle 4 4 5 0 4 2 8 25

Favor 36 39 32 0 36 35 32 0

No opinion 14 16 5 0 4 3 5 0


4.943 4.640 5.297 1.333 5.222 4.978 5.432 2.333

Oppose 51 53 46 100 44 46 42 75

In the middle 6 4 5 0 7 8 2 25

Favor 43 42 49 0 49 46 55 0

No opinion 15 17 8 25 4 5 0 0






7.706 8.277 6.459 2.000 7.141*** 7.782** 5.432*** 2.500

Oppose 11 4 27 75 17 9 38 50

In the middle 2 1 5 0 6 6 8 50

Favor 87 95 68 25 77 85 55 0

No opinion 5 6 8 0 2 3 0 0


8.461 8.941 7.538 3.000 8.180* 8.647* 7.256 5.000

Oppose 4 0 8 75 4 2 5 25

In the middle 3 1 8 0 3 1 5 50

Favor 93 99 85 25 93 97 90 25

No opinion 4 6 2 0 1 1 0 0


6.920 7.490 5.270 1.250 6.349** 6.765** 5.189 4.000

Oppose 22 16 39 100 29 22 49 50

In the middle 6 3 18 0 7 6 8 50

Favor 72 81 42 0 64 72 44 0

No opinion 6 6 5 0 1 0 2 0


8.353 8.726 7.462 4.250 6.810*** 7.245*** 5.821*** 3.000

Oppose 7 3 18 50 21 15 38 50

In the middle 2 2 3 0 4 2 8 50

Favor 91 95 79 50 75 83 55 0

No opinion 2 2 2 0 1 1 0 0






7.311 7.615 7.027 4.500 7.377 7.750 6.730 5.000

Oppose 9 5 16 50 11 7 15 25

In the middle 7 6 8 25 7 4 10 50

Favor 84 89 76 25 83 89 74 25

No opinion 9 10 5 0 2 2 2 0


6.389 6.520 6.444 5.750 6.090 6.133 5.972 5.000

Oppose 22 21 24 50 29 28 28 25

In the middle 8 6 3 0 7 5 10 50

Favor 70 73 73 50 64 67 62 25

No opinion 9 8 8 0 3 2 2 0


6.066 6.236 6.200 0.750 4.153*** 4.198*** 4.350*** 3.250

Oppose 29 26 25 100 55 54 48 50

In the middle 4 3 2 0 6 5 5 50

Favor 67 71 72 0 39 41 48 0

No opinion 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0


6.047 6.367 5.162 1.000 5.333*** 5.653** 4.784 3.000

Oppose 30 27 38 100 40 34 52 50

In the middle 8 10 3 0 9 8 10 50

Favor 62 63 59 0 51 58 38 0





No opinion 7 7 8 0 2 3 0 0


2.153 1.990 2.556 4.500 2.102 1.941 2.528 5.000

Disagree 92 94 89 50 89 93 85 25

In the middle 3 3 6 25 4 1 8 50

Agree 4 3 6 25 7 6 8 25

No opinion 5 5 10 0 3 3 2 0


5.209 5.477 5.000 1.250 4.670** 4.872** 4.806 3.250

Disagree 40 34 45 100 49 47 47 50

In the middle 7 8 3 0 9 6 11 50

Agree 53 58 53 0 42 48 42 0

No opinion 2 0 5 0 1 0 5 0


2.941 3.019 3.395 1.500 1.584*** 1.630*** 1.605*** 3.250

Disagree 75 74 72 100 91 91 89 50

In the middle 6 7 5 0 4 5 3 50

Agree 19 19 22 0 5 5 8 0

No opinion 1 1 0 0 1 0 5 0


3.062 2.837 3.700 5.500 3.185 3.061 3.800 5.500

Disagree 75 77 68 25 77 82 66 25

In the middle 7 9 3 25 6 4 9 25

Agree 18 14 29 50 18 14 26 50

No opinion 9 6 15 0 6 4 12 0






7.457 7.661 6.842 6.500 7.429 7.651 6.868 5.500

Disagree 8 4 13 25 11 8 21 25

In the middle 8 7 11 0 6 5 8 25

Agree 85 89 76 75 82 87 72 50

No opinion 2 0 5 0 1 0 2 0


5.488 5.795 4.964 5.667 5.240 5.425 5.000 7.667

Disagree 34 29 41 33 42 45 40 0

In the middle 7 10 0 0 11 10 17 25

Agree 59 60 59 67 47 45 43 75

No opinion 30 28 28 25 15 15 12 0


6.034 6.095 5.697 7.750 6.452** 6.226 6.818** 7.500

Disagree 27 27 29 0 18 20 11 0

In the middle 7 10 0 0 10 11 8 25

Agree 66 62 71 100 72 69 81 75

No opinion 19 19 15 0 9 7 10 0


7.527 7.596 7.552 4.000 7.439 7.483 7.172 4.000

Disagree 8 8 7 67 10 10 11 50

In the middle 7 9 3 0 5 4 9 25

Agree 85 84 90 33 84 86 80 25

No opinion 19 17 25 25 8 6 12 0






6.618 6.663 6.222 5.333 6.271* 6.347 5.806 6.000

Disagree 18 14 31 33 17 16 22 25

In the middle 9 13 0 33 12 10 14 50

Agree 73 73 69 33 70 73 65 25

No opinion 6 8 2 25 5 4 8 0


4.605 4.415 4.432 8.000 4.347 4.213 4.270 6.000

Disagree 50 53 55 0 58 64 56 0

In the middle 14 18 8 0 14 13 8 75

Agree 36 30 37 100 29 23 36 25

No opinion 9 11 5 25 3 4 2 0


8.793 8.982 8.250 5.750 8.729 8.917 8.225 6.250

Unimportant 1 0 2 25 2 2 2 0

In the middle 2 1 2 25 2 0 2 50

Important 97 99 95 50 97 98 95 50

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 7.926 8.050 9.000 7.583*** 7.528** 7.575 7.250

Unimportant 3 4 2 0 5 6 5 0

In the middle 4 6 2 0 3 5 0 25

Important 93 91 95 100 92 90 95 75

No opinion 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

5C Not having to worry about being fired. 6.827 7.103 6.103 3.250 6.708 7.112 5.641 4.000

Unimportant 17 13 28 50 19 13 33 50

In the middle 8 7 12 25 4 4 8 25





Important 75 79 60 25 77 83 59 25

No opinion 1 2 0 0 1 0 2 0


9.064 9.407 8.250 6.250 9.086 9.361 8.275 6.250

Unimportant 1 0 0 25 1 0 0 25

In the middle 4 3 8 25 1 0 2 25

Important 96 97 92 50 98 100 98 50

No opinion 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

5E Earning as much money as possible. 4.418 4.262 4.684 6.000 4.304 4.140 4.737 7.000

Unimportant 53 56 46 25 56 55 59 0

In the middle 12 13 13 0 9 11 3 25

Important 34 31 41 75 35 34 38 75

No opinion 1 1 2 0 2 2 2 0


8.711 8.889 8.025 6.500 8.947* 9.167* 8.275 6.250

Unimportant 2 0 5 25 1 0 2 25

In the middle 3 3 5 25 2 1 2 25

Important 95 97 90 50 97 99 95 50

No opinion 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0


7.701 7.858 7.154 5.000 7.560 7.670 7.026 5.750

Unimportant 8 6 15 50 8 7 13 25

In the middle 4 3 5 0 4 3 5 25

Important 88 92 80 50 88 91 82 50

No opinion 1 1 0 0 2 2 2 0

5H Making sure that no one is left out. 7.354 7.581 6.737 4.500 7.519 7.486 7.474* 5.750

Unimportant 11 8 18 50 7 9 3 25





In the middle 7 8 8 0 5 5 5 25

Important 83 84 74 50 88 86 92 50

No opinion 3 3 2 0 1 1 2 0


3.708 3.421 4.375 9.250 3.222*** 2.935*** 3.850* 7.500

More equal 61 63 52 0 72 79 57 0

In the middle 12 16 8 0 9 9 10 25

Get rich 27 21 40 100 19 12 32 75

No opinion 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0


2.785 2.364 3.425 8.750 2.570 2.159 3.200 6.750

Help poor 81 89 70 0 86 94 75 25

In the middle 7 5 15 0 4 3 8 25

Low taxes 12 7 15 100 10 4 18 50

No opinion 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0






3.464 3.481 3.333 4.500 4.293*** 4.327*** 4.333** 4.250

Disagree 72 71 79 50 56 56 57 50

In the middle 6 6 5 25 8 7 10 25

Agree 22 23 15 25 36 37 32 25

No opinion 3 4 2 0 1 1 0 0


3.973 3.981 3.750 5.000 3.478*** 3.439** 3.475 2.750

Disagree 58 57 60 50 67 67 68 75

In the middle 5 6 0 0 4 3 5 25

Agree 37 37 40 50 29 31 28 0

No opinion 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0


5.339 5.296 5.500 5.250 5.032 5.046 4.875 4.500

Disagree 42 40 42 25 43 43 42 50

In the middle 9 8 10 25 9 7 15 25

Agree 50 52 48 50 49 50 42 25

No opinion 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0


6.737 6.912 6.694 6.500 7.187** 7.333* 7.167 5.500

Disagree 14 13 16 0 8 8 5 25

In the middle 17 17 16 50 7 6 10 25

Agree 68 71 68 50 85 86 85 50

No opinion 7 6 8 0 3 1 2 0


4.878 4.838 5.132 6.500 4.922 4.876 5.500 5.500

Disagree 43 42 45 25 40 40 32 25





In the middle 6 5 5 25 10 10 5 50

Agree 52 53 50 50 50 50 62 25

No opinion 4 3 5 0 2 1 0 0


2.817 2.833 3.250 2.750 2.457** 2.407* 2.875 2.500

Disagree 80 77 78 100 82 81 82 75

In the middle 4 5 2 0 4 5 2 25

Agree 17 19 20 0 14 15 15 0

No opinion 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0


5.223 5.302 5.200 4.250 5.348 5.349 5.225 3.750

Disagree 42 41 40 75 43 41 45 75

In the middle 5 8 2 0 6 8 2 25

Agree 52 52 57 25 51 50 52 0

No opinion 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0


7.328 7.559 6.974 6.750 8.000*** 8.098** 7.974** 6.750

Disagree 7 4 10 0 3 4 0 0

In the middle 10 11 5 50 3 2 0 50

Agree 83 85 85 50 93 94 100 50

No opinion 4 6 0 0 3 1 5 0

9A They just don’t know enough. 5.000 5.282 4.487 5.333 4.847 4.893 4.718 4.333

Disagree 42 37 46 33 47 48 48 25

In the middle 10 11 10 0 5 4 5 50

Agree 49 51 44 67 48 49 48 25

No opinion 5 4 2 25 2 2 0 0






6.125 6.221 5.528 6.333 6.074 6.087 5.806 6.000

Disagree 20 17 32 33 22 20 29 0

In the middle 8 10 8 0 7 7 5 50

Agree 71 72 59 67 72 74 66 50

No opinion 5 4 8 25 3 2 5 0

9C They are not thinking clearly. 4.185 4.220 4.083 5.333 3.976 3.940 4.000 4.333

Disagree 52 51 54 67 58 56 66 50

In the middle 16 19 8 0 11 13 3 50

Agree 32 30 38 33 31 31 32 0

No opinion 9 6 8 25 5 5 5 0


6.464 6.390 6.694 6.333 6.816* 6.876** 7.111 7.000

Disagree 15 17 6 0 13 12 8 0

In the middle 8 10 8 33 10 8 8 50

Agree 77 73 86 67 78 80 84 50

No opinion 5 4 10 25 3 3 5 0


7.391 7.463 7.450 6.000 7.043* 7.037* 7.050 6.000

Disagree 6 6 8 0 11 13 10 0

In the middle 7 7 5 33 9 7 10 50

Agree 87 87 88 67 80 80 80 50

No opinion 2 1 0 25 1 1 0 0


Issues by Gender


Legend T Total 1 Both/neither/fluid 2 Female 3 Male

Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 3 n = 100 n = 82 n = 188 n = 3 n = 100 n = 82



4.192 3.667 4.237 4.165 4.538** 3.667 4.639* 4.456

Poorly 61 67 62 59 53 67 57 48

In the middle 10 33 9 10 9 33 7 11

Well 29 0 29 30 38 0 36 41

No opinion 3 0 3 4 1 0 1 0


5.785 6.333 5.765 5.676 6.448** 6.667 6.582** 6.162

Oppose 30 0 26 38 26 33 21 32

In the middle 10 33 13 4 4 0 4 5

Favor 60 67 61 58 70 67 75 63

No opinion 7 0 1 16 1 0 1 1


4.766 2.500 4.725 5.037 4.328* 2.000 4.464 4.370

Oppose 45 100 43 43 57 67 57 54

In the middle 11 0 17 4 8 0 6 10


Issues by Gender



Favor 44 0 40 54 36 33 37 35

No opinion 31 33 30 34 3 0 3 4


7.256 10.000 7.103 7.281 7.551 10.000 7.414 7.641

Oppose 12 0 11 15 12 0 15 8

In the middle 10 0 11 10 8 0 5 12

Favor 77 100 78 75 80 100 80 81

No opinion 13 0 9 18 5 0 6 5


3.617 3.667 3.286 3.986 4.856*** 7.000 4.604*** 5.042**

Oppose 68 67 73 63 48 33 54 44

In the middle 7 33 5 7 9 0 7 10

Favor 25 0 22 30 43 67 39 46

No opinion 10 0 8 11 3 0 3 2

2E Stanford should abolish Greek life. 4.269 5.000 4.198 4.296 4.094 9.000 4.058 3.986

Oppose 59 50 62 57 61 0 64 59

In the middle 4 0 6 3 4 33 1 5

Favor 36 50 32 40 36 67 35 35

No opinion 14 33 13 12 4 0 4 4


4.943 8.000 4.770 5.101 5.222 10.000 5.253* 5.087

Oppose 51 0 52 51 44 0 45 46

In the middle 6 0 10 0 7 33 8 4

Favor 43 100 38 49 49 67 46 51

No opinion 15 67 12 16 4 0 5 1


Issues by Gender




7.706 8.333 7.979 7.403 7.141*** 9.000 7.255*** 6.961*

Oppose 11 0 6 17 17 0 18 15

In the middle 2 0 2 3 6 0 3 10

Favor 87 100 92 81 77 100 79 75

No opinion 5 0 5 5 2 0 1 2


8.461 9.000 8.894 8.000 8.180* 8.000 8.351** 8.051

Oppose 4 0 0 9 4 0 2 6

In the middle 3 0 2 4 3 0 2 4

Favor 93 100 98 87 93 100 96 90

No opinion 4 0 5 4 1 0 1 1


6.920 8.333 7.115 6.630 6.349** 6.000 6.479* 6.219

Oppose 22 0 19 27 29 33 27 31

In the middle 6 0 5 8 7 0 6 9

Favor 72 100 76 65 64 67 67 60

No opinion 6 0 4 9 1 0 0 2


8.353 9.667 8.485 8.101 6.810*** 8.000 7.071*** 6.519***

Oppose 7 0 5 10 21 0 15 30

In the middle 2 0 3 1 4 0 4 2

Favor 91 100 92 89 75 100 81 68

No opinion 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 1


Issues by Gender




7.311 6.667 7.388 7.303 7.377 8.000 7.835 7.026

Oppose 9 0 5 14 11 0 3 19

In the middle 7 0 9 4 7 0 5 8

Favor 84 100 86 82 83 100 92 74

No opinion 9 0 13 5 2 0 2 2


6.389 4.333 6.816 6.068 6.090 7.333 6.276 5.973

Oppose 22 33 14 31 29 0 27 32

In the middle 8 33 8 5 7 0 3 10

Favor 70 33 78 64 64 100 70 58

No opinion 9 0 12 6 3 0 2 4


6.066 4.000 6.124 6.237 4.153*** 3.667 4.299*** 4.100***

Oppose 29 67 28 27 55 67 51 57

In the middle 4 33 4 1 6 33 6 6

Favor 67 0 68 72 39 0 43 37

No opinion 2 0 3 1 1 0 0 1


6.047 8.500 6.146 5.909 5.333*** 6.500 5.371** 5.286

Oppose 30 33 27 32 40 50 39 41

In the middle 8 0 10 6 9 0 10 7

Favor 62 67 63 61 51 50 51 51


Issues by Gender



No opinion 7 0 8 6 2 33 3 0


2.153 1.333 2.097 2.312 2.102 1.667 2.118 2.156

Disagree 92 100 94 90 89 100 88 90

In the middle 3 0 3 4 4 0 3 6

Agree 4 0 3 6 7 0 9 4

No opinion 5 0 4 6 3 0 3 2


5.209 3.667 5.140 5.408 4.670** 3.667 4.670 4.803*

Disagree 40 100 42 35 49 67 49 48

In the middle 7 0 7 8 9 33 8 8

Agree 53 0 51 58 42 0 43 45

No opinion 2 0 0 5 1 0 0 2


2.941 1.333 2.879 3.163 1.584*** 2.000 1.687*** 1.500***

Disagree 75 100 74 76 91 100 90 91

In the middle 6 0 7 5 4 0 4 5

Agree 19 0 19 20 5 0 6 4

No opinion 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 2


3.062 3.000 3.091 3.029 3.185 3.000 3.398 2.971

Disagree 75 100 78 71 77 67 77 76

In the middle 7 0 7 8 6 0 4 8

Agree 18 0 16 21 18 33 19 16

No opinion 9 33 10 7 6 0 3 10


Issues by Gender




7.457 7.333 7.667 7.152 7.429 8.000 7.657 7.114

Disagree 8 0 4 13 11 0 6 19

In the middle 8 0 9 6 6 0 6 7

Agree 85 100 87 81 82 100 88 74

No opinion 2 0 0 4 1 0 1 1


5.488 NaN 5.014 6.185 5.240 NaN 4.914 5.722

Disagree 34 NaN 38 27 42 0 44 42

In the middle 7 NaN 7 7 11 0 14 6

Agree 59 NaN 55 65 47 100 42 53

No opinion 30 100 24 33 15 33 16 12


6.034 6.667 5.987 6.065 6.452** 5.333 6.450* 6.500

Disagree 27 0 25 31 18 33 17 19

In the middle 7 0 10 3 10 0 10 11

Agree 66 100 65 66 72 67 73 70

No opinion 19 0 17 21 9 0 8 10


7.527 8.333 7.762 7.119 7.439 9.000 7.500 7.322

Disagree 8 0 7 11 10 0 11 11

In the middle 7 0 6 8 5 0 5 4

Agree 85 100 87 80 84 100 84 85

No opinion 19 0 13 26 8 0 6 10


Issues by Gender




6.618 6.667 6.552 6.662 6.271* 6.333 6.207 6.221

Disagree 18 33 16 20 17 0 17 19

In the middle 9 0 8 10 12 33 14 10

Agree 73 67 76 70 70 67 70 70

No opinion 6 0 11 1 5 0 4 6


4.605 5.000 4.477 4.560 4.347 5.000 4.070 4.467

Disagree 50 67 48 54 58 33 58 61

In the middle 14 0 19 9 14 33 19 8

Agree 36 33 33 37 29 33 24 32

No opinion 9 0 11 7 3 0 3 4


8.793 9.333 8.840 8.707 8.729 9.667 8.750 8.634


In the middle 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 2

Important 97 100 98 96 97 100 96 98

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 7.000 7.838 8.232 7.583*** 6.667 7.576* 7.610**


In the middle 4 0 5 2 3 0 4 2

Important 93 100 92 94 92 100 92 91

No opinion 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

5C Not having to worry about being fired. 6.827 7.667 6.949 6.662 6.708 7.333 6.949 6.425

Unimportant 17 0 14 21 19 0 15 23

In the middle 8 0 7 9 4 0 4 5


Issues by Gender



Important 75 100 79 70 77 100 81 72

No opinion 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1


9.064 9.333 9.131 8.976 9.086 9.667 9.152 8.976


In the middle 4 0 2 6 1 0 1 1

Important 96 100 98 93 98 100 99 98

No opinion 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

5E Earning as much money as possible. 4.418 4.000 4.320 4.642 4.304 2.667 4.196 4.556

Unimportant 53 67 54 52 56 67 55 56

In the middle 12 0 11 14 9 33 11 5

Important 34 33 35 35 35 0 34 40

No opinion 1 0 1 1 2 0 2 1


8.711 9.000 8.788 8.573 8.947* 10.000 9.051* 8.756


In the middle 3 0 3 4 2 0 2 1

Important 95 100 96 94 97 100 98 96

No opinion 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0


7.701 9.333 7.859 7.392 7.560 8.000 7.717 7.304

Unimportant 8 0 2 16 8 0 3 14

In the middle 4 0 4 4 4 0 7 1

Important 88 100 94 80 88 100 90 85

No opinion 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 2

5H Making sure that no one is left out. 7.354 9.000 7.469 7.205 7.519 8.500 7.612 7.321

Unimportant 11 0 8 14 7 0 5 10


Issues by Gender



In the middle 7 0 7 6 5 0 5 6

Important 83 100 85 80 88 100 90 84

No opinion 3 33 2 2 1 0 0 2


3.708 1.000 3.535 4.025 3.222*** 0.667 3.162** 3.375***

More equal 61 100 59 61 72 100 69 74

In the middle 12 0 16 9 9 0 14 4

Get rich 27 0 25 30 19 0 17 22

No opinion 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 0


2.785 0.667 2.717 2.901 2.570 1.000 2.687 2.432*

Help poor 81 100 81 81 86 100 85 88

In the middle 7 0 8 6 4 0 3 5

Low taxes 12 0 11 12 10 0 12 7

No opinion 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0


Issues by Gender




3.464 4.667 3.381 3.557 4.293*** 5.000 4.206*** 4.380**

Disagree 72 33 75 69 56 33 58 54

In the middle 6 33 3 9 8 33 8 7

Agree 22 33 22 22 36 33 34 38

No opinion 3 0 3 2 1 0 0 1


3.973 4.333 4.495 3.259 3.478*** 3.000 3.909** 2.864

Disagree 58 33 50 70 67 100 64 72

In the middle 5 33 4 4 4 0 1 7

Agree 37 33 46 26 29 0 35 21

No opinion 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0


5.339 4.667 5.630 5.000 5.032 4.000 5.190* 4.889

Disagree 42 67 36 47 43 100 40 44

In the middle 9 0 9 9 9 0 7 11

Agree 50 33 55 44 49 0 53 45

No opinion 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0


6.737 5.667 6.538 7.027 7.187** 6.000 6.892 7.589**

Disagree 14 0 16 12 8 33 11 4

In the middle 17 33 18 16 7 0 8 6

Agree 68 67 66 72 85 67 81 90

No opinion 7 0 6 10 3 0 2 2


4.878 3.333 4.907 4.962 4.922 4.333 4.990 4.872

Disagree 43 67 41 42 40 33 39 41


Issues by Gender



In the middle 6 33 4 6 10 67 7 11

Agree 52 0 55 52 50 0 54 48

No opinion 4 0 3 4 2 0 0 2


2.817 2.333 2.818 2.805 2.457** 3.333 2.475 2.366*

Disagree 80 100 84 74 82 67 83 83

In the middle 4 0 2 6 4 33 4 2

Agree 17 0 14 20 14 0 13 15

No opinion 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0


5.223 5.333 5.237 5.195 5.348 5.000 5.268 5.476

Disagree 42 33 38 46 43 33 45 41

In the middle 5 33 6 4 6 0 6 6

Agree 52 33 56 50 51 67 49 52

No opinion 2 0 3 0 1 0 0 0


7.328 6.667 7.583 7.026 8.000*** 7.667 8.073** 7.921***

Disagree 7 0 4 9 3 0 2 5

In the middle 10 33 4 17 3 0 2 5

Agree 83 67 92 74 93 100 96 90

No opinion 4 0 3 5 3 0 1 4

9A They just don’t know enough. 5.000 5.333 4.862 5.078 4.847 6.333 4.702 4.883

Disagree 42 33 45 39 47 33 46 50

In the middle 10 0 12 6 5 0 7 2

Agree 49 67 43 55 48 67 47 48

No opinion 5 0 4 6 2 0 2 0


Issues by Gender




6.125 6.333 6.000 6.231 6.074 7.000 5.839 6.282

Disagree 20 0 20 22 22 0 24 20

In the middle 8 0 9 9 7 0 7 6

Agree 71 100 71 70 72 100 68 74

No opinion 5 0 6 4 3 0 2 2

9C They are not thinking clearly. 4.185 3.333 3.989 4.413 3.976 4.333 3.750 4.187

Disagree 52 67 55 50 58 33 59 59

In the middle 16 33 16 14 11 33 12 8

Agree 32 0 29 36 31 33 28 33

No opinion 9 0 11 5 5 0 4 5


6.464 7.333 6.292 6.610 6.816* 8.000 6.760* 6.818

Disagree 15 0 17 14 13 0 11 15

In the middle 8 0 8 6 10 0 11 9

Agree 77 100 75 79 78 100 78 76

No opinion 5 0 4 6 3 0 2 4


7.391 8.000 7.273 7.513 7.043* 6.667 6.960 7.162

Disagree 6 0 6 6 11 0 12 11

In the middle 7 0 9 5 9 0 10 7

Agree 87 100 85 89 80 100 78 81

No opinion 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 1


Issues by Transgender


Legend T Total 1 No 2 Yes

Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 180 n = 4 n = 188 n = 180 n = 4

Number Question T 1 2 T 1 2


4.192 4.224 2.750 4.538** 4.557** 2.750

Poorly 61 60 100 53 53 100

In the middle 10 10 0 9 9 0

Well 29 30 0 38 39 0

No opinion 3 3 0 1 1 0


5.785 5.756 5.500 6.448** 6.409** 7.750

Oppose 30 31 25 26 26 0

In the middle 10 9 25 4 4 25

Favor 60 60 50 70 70 75



4.766 4.820 3.667 4.328* 4.377 3.000

Oppose 45 43 100 57 56 75

In the middle 11 11 0 8 7 25

Favor 44 46 0 36 36 0





No opinion 31 32 25 3 3 0


7.256 7.181 9.000 7.551 7.497 9.250

Oppose 12 13 0 12 12 0


Favor 77 76 100 80 80 100

No opinion 13 13 0 5 6 0


3.617 3.550 6.500 4.856*** 4.775*** 7.250

Oppose 68 69 0 48 50 0


Favor 25 25 75 43 42 75

No opinion 10 9 0 3 3 0

2E Stanford should abolish Greek life. 4.269 4.213 7.333 4.094 4.013 5.333

Oppose 59 61 0 61 62 25


Favor 36 35 100 36 35 25

No opinion 14 13 25 4 4 0


4.943 4.904 6.000 5.222 5.237 7.000

Oppose 51 52 0 44 45 0


Favor 43 43 100 49 49 67

No opinion 15 13 75 4 3 25






7.706 7.710 9.000 7.141*** 7.089*** 9.250

Oppose 11 11 0 17 17 0


Favor 87 87 100 77 77 100



8.461 8.471 9.500 8.180* 8.212 8.500

Oppose 4 4 0 4 4 0


Favor 93 93 100 93 93 100



6.920 6.874 9.500 6.349** 6.329* 7.000*

Oppose 22 22 0 29 30 0


Favor 72 71 100 64 63 75



8.353 8.318 9.000 6.810*** 6.824*** 6.750*

Oppose 7 7 0 21 22 0


Favor 91 90 100 75 75 75







7.311 7.365 6.000 7.377 7.453 6.500

Oppose 9 9 0 11 10 25


Favor 84 85 75 83 84 75



6.389 6.491 3.000 6.090 6.208 4.500

Oppose 22 22 50 29 27 75


Favor 70 72 0 64 66 25



6.066 6.177 4.250 4.153*** 4.229*** 3.250

Oppose 29 27 50 55 54 50


Favor 67 69 50 39 40 25



6.047 6.048 8.000 5.333*** 5.337*** 8.500

Oppose 30 30 0 40 40 0


Favor 62 62 100 51 51 100





No opinion 7 7 25 2 1 25


2.153 2.208 0.750 2.102 2.131 1.250

Disagree 92 92 100 89 89 100


Agree 4 5 0 7 7 0



5.209 5.259 4.500 4.670** 4.753** 3.750

Disagree 40 39 50 49 48 50


Agree 53 54 25 42 44 0



2.941 3.034 0.750 1.584*** 1.621*** 1.500

Disagree 75 74 100 91 90 100


Agree 19 20 0 5 5 0



3.062 3.071 2.750 3.185 3.214 3.000

Disagree 75 74 100 77 76 100


Agree 18 18 0 18 18 0







7.457 7.432 6.750 7.429 7.420 6.750

Disagree 8 8 0 11 12 0


Agree 85 84 100 82 81 100



5.488 5.582 2.000 5.240 5.336 2.000

Disagree 34 33 100 42 42 67


Agree 59 60 0 47 47 33

No opinion 30 28 50 15 14 25


6.034 6.042 5.667 6.452** 6.486** 5.667

Disagree 27 27 33 18 18 33


Agree 66 66 67 72 73 67

No opinion 19 18 25 9 8 25


7.527 7.500 7.333 7.439 7.415 7.667

Disagree 8 9 0 10 11 0


Agree 85 84 100 84 84 100

No opinion 19 18 25 8 7 25






6.618 6.562 9.000 6.271* 6.222* 7.500

Disagree 18 18 0 17 18 0


Agree 73 73 100 70 70 100



4.605 4.525 5.333 4.347 4.256 5.667

Disagree 50 51 67 58 59 50

In the middle 14 15 0 14 14 25

Agree 36 35 33 29 28 25

No opinion 9 9 25 3 3 0


8.793 8.778 9.250 8.729 8.711 9.250

Unimportant 1 1 0 2 2 0


Important 97 97 100 97 97 100


5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 8.017 7.500 7.583*** 7.598*** 6.750



Important 93 93 100 92 92 100


5C Not having to worry about being fired. 6.827 6.808 8.250 6.708 6.712 7.500







Important 75 75 100 77 77 100



9.064 9.056 9.500 9.086 9.056 9.500



Important 96 96 100 98 98 100


5E Earning as much money as possible. 4.418 4.477 3.750 4.304 4.381 3.500

Unimportant 53 52 75 56 55 75

In the middle 12 12 0 9 8 25

Important 34 35 25 35 37 0



8.711 8.698 8.500 8.947* 8.916* 9.250



Important 95 95 100 97 97 100



7.701 7.676 8.000 7.560 7.557 7.250



Important 88 88 100 88 88 100


5H Making sure that no one is left out. 7.354 7.351 8.000 7.519 7.500 7.250







Important 83 83 75 88 87 100



3.708 3.757 1.500 3.222*** 3.266*** 1.250

More equal 61 60 100 72 71 100


Get rich 27 28 0 19 20 0



2.785 2.798 1.500 2.570 2.584 1.250

Help poor 81 81 100 86 86 100


Low taxes 12 12 0 10 10 0







3.464 3.489 3.000 4.293*** 4.299*** 5.750*

Disagree 72 72 75 56 56 25


Agree 22 22 0 36 36 75



3.973 3.921 4.250 3.478*** 3.421*** 4.000

Disagree 58 59 50 67 68 75


Agree 37 37 25 29 28 25



5.339 5.330 4.250 5.032 5.022 4.750

Disagree 42 41 75 43 43 50


Agree 50 50 25 49 48 50



6.737 6.762 5.750 7.187** 7.220** 6.250

Disagree 14 14 25 8 7 25


Agree 68 68 75 85 85 75



4.878 4.942 4.250 4.922 4.954 5.250

Disagree 43 41 50 40 40 25





In the middle 6 5 50 10 9 25

Agree 52 54 0 50 51 50



2.817 2.782 4.000 2.457** 2.380** 4.000

Disagree 80 80 75 82 83 75


Agree 17 16 25 14 13 25



5.223 5.192 5.000 5.348 5.339 4.500

Disagree 42 42 25 43 44 50


Agree 52 53 50 51 50 50



7.328 7.341 7.000 8.000*** 8.041*** 6.750

Disagree 7 6 0 3 3 25


Agree 83 84 100 93 94 75


9A They just don’t know enough. 5.000 4.929 5.500 4.847 4.763 5.750

Disagree 42 43 25 47 48 25


Agree 49 47 75 48 47 75







6.125 6.112 6.000 6.074 6.041 6.500

Disagree 20 21 0 22 22 25


Agree 71 71 75 72 71 75


9C They are not thinking clearly. 4.185 4.173 4.750 3.976 3.932 5.000

Disagree 52 53 25 58 60 25

In the middle 16 14 50 11 10 25

Agree 32 33 25 31 30 50



6.464 6.450 6.750 6.816* 6.830* 6.500

Disagree 15 15 0 13 13 0

In the middle 8 8 25 10 9 50

Agree 77 77 75 78 78 50



7.391 7.373 7.000 7.043* 7.056* 5.750

Disagree 6 6 0 11 11 25


Agree 87 86 100 80 80 75



Issues by Sexual Identity


Legend T Total 1 Asexual 2 Bisexual/pansexual 3 Heterosexual 4 Homosexual 5 Queer

Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 2 n = 29 n = 118 n = 19 n = 6 n = 188 n = 2 n = 29 n = 118 n = 19 n = 6

Number Question T 1 2 3 4 5 T 1 2 3 4 5


4.192 3.000 3.786 4.549 3.684 2.333 4.538** 3.000 4.000 4.894* 4.000 3.000

Poorly 61 100 61 54 74 100 53 100 66 46 58 83

In the middle 10 0 18 10 5 0 9 0 14 8 11 0

Well 29 0 21 36 21 0 38 0 21 46 32 17

No opinion 3 0 3 4 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0


5.785 5.500 5.556 5.873 5.667 5.667 6.448** 6.500 5.519 6.627** 5.733 6.500

Oppose 30 0 36 28 27 33 26 0 39 23 42 17

In the middle 10 50 7 10 13 0 4 0 4 3 5 17

Favor 60 50 57 62 60 67 70 100 57 74 53 67

No opinion 7 0 3 6 21 0 1 0 3 1 0 0


4.766 3.000 4.211 5.190 4.000 5.200 4.328* 7.000 4.737 4.646 2.154 4.400

Oppose 45 100 58 35 62 40 57 0 50 55 72 50

In the middle 11 0 16 10 8 20 8 0 4 9 11 17





Favor 44 0 26 55 31 40 36 100 46 37 17 33

No opinion 31 50 34 32 32 17 3 50 3 3 5 0


7.256 8.000 8.480 6.553 8.389 9.000 7.551 7.000 8.400 6.968* 8.778 7.667

Oppose 12 0 4 17 11 0 12 0 4 16 0 17

In the middle 10 0 7 14 0 0 8 0 4 10 11 0

Favor 77 100 89 68 89 100 80 100 93 74 89 83

No opinion 13 0 7 17 5 0 5 50 7 5 0 0


3.617 1.500 4.259 3.154 4.824 5.600 4.856*** 3.000 6.074** 4.346*** 4.824 5.400

Oppose 68 100 54 76 47 20 48 100 29 56 47 33

In the middle 7 0 11 8 0 0 9 0 11 11 0 0

Favor 25 0 36 16 53 80 43 0 61 33 53 67

No opinion 10 0 3 10 11 17 3 0 3 3 0 0

2E Stanford should abolish Greek life. 4.269 4.000 4.850 3.774 4.294 7.000 4.094 4.000 5.350 3.557 4.294 5.200

Oppose 59 50 52 66 59 20 61 50 44 70 53 33

In the middle 4 0 5 6 0 0 4 0 7 2 5 0

Favor 36 50 43 28 41 80 36 50 48 28 42 67

No opinion 14 0 28 9 11 17 4 0 7 3 0 0


4.943 3.000 5.211 4.636 5.412 7.000 5.222 3.500 6.316* 4.804 5.353 6.500

Oppose 51 50 42 54 59 25 44 50 23 52 47 17

In the middle 6 50 16 5 0 0 7 0 8 8 5 0

Favor 43 0 42 41 41 75 49 50 69 41 47 83

No opinion 15 0 34 9 11 33 4 0 10 2 0 0






7.706 6.500 8.172 7.495 7.824 9.000 7.141*** 5.500 7.552* 6.881** 7.588 8.667

Oppose 11 50 7 13 12 0 17 50 14 17 16 0

In the middle 2 0 3 3 0 0 6 0 3 7 11 0

Favor 87 50 90 85 88 100 77 50 83 76 74 100

No opinion 5 0 0 6 11 0 2 0 0 3 0 0


8.461 7.500 9.222 8.279 8.167 9.333 8.180* 8.000 8.444*** 8.126 8.278 7.500

Oppose 4 0 0 4 11 0 4 0 0 4 5 17

In the middle 3 50 0 4 0 0 3 0 3 3 5 0

Favor 93 50 100 92 89 100 93 100 97 93 89 83

No opinion 4 0 7 4 5 0 1 0 0 2 0 0


6.920 4.500 6.963 7.055 6.294 6.167 6.349** 6.000 5.963 6.209** 6.765 7.333

Oppose 22 50 26 18 29 50 29 50 28 30 26 33

In the middle 6 0 4 9 0 0 7 0 10 7 11 0

Favor 72 50 70 73 71 50 64 50 62 63 63 67

No opinion 6 0 7 5 11 0 1 0 0 2 0 0


8.353 6.000 9.107 8.069 8.556 8.167 6.810*** 4.000 7.357*** 6.716*** 6.667* 6.333

Oppose 7 50 0 8 11 17 21 50 10 24 21 33

In the middle 2 0 4 3 0 0 4 0 10 3 0 0

Favor 91 50 96 90 89 83 75 50 79 74 79 67

No opinion 2 0 3 1 5 0 1 0 0 1 0 0


7.311 5.000 7.455 7.224 7.562 7.833 7.377 4.500 7.864 7.374 7.062 8.500





Oppose 9 50 5 11 0 0 11 50 0 10 22 0

In the middle 7 0 9 7 6 0 7 0 7 8 0 0

Favor 84 50 86 82 94 100 83 50 93 83 78 100

No opinion 9 0 24 7 11 0 2 0 0 3 5 0


6.389 3.000 6.609 6.651 6.312 4.167 6.090 3.000 6.174 6.321 6.438 5.667

Oppose 22 50 17 18 24 67 29 50 31 25 28 33

In the middle 8 0 9 8 6 0 7 0 3 8 6 0

Favor 70 50 74 73 71 33 64 50 66 68 67 67

No opinion 9 0 21 8 11 0 3 0 0 3 5 0


6.066 3.500 6.607 6.078 6.500 5.667 4.153*** 3.500 4.143*** 4.435*** 3.833** 3.833

Oppose 29 50 21 28 28 50 55 50 48 51 58 67

In the middle 4 0 0 3 11 0 6 0 10 7 5 0

Favor 67 50 79 68 61 50 39 50 41 42 37 33

No opinion 2 0 3 2 5 0 1 0 0 1 0 0


6.047 5.000 6.115 5.844 6.889 7.000 5.333*** 6.500 5.538 5.119** 5.611 7.250

Oppose 30 50 29 32 17 25 40 50 37 44 32 33

In the middle 8 0 11 7 11 0 9 0 11 9 11 0

Favor 62 50 61 60 72 75 51 50 52 47 58 67

No opinion 7 0 3 6 5 33 2 0 7 2 0 0






2.153 1.500 2.259 2.417 1.632 0.833 2.102 3.000 1.778 2.407 1.842 0.833

Disagree 92 100 93 89 100 100 89 100 93 85 95 100

In the middle 3 0 7 4 0 0 4 0 0 6 5 0

Agree 4 0 0 7 0 0 7 0 7 9 0 0

No opinion 5 0 3 7 0 0 3 0 3 3 0 0


5.209 3.000 5.138 5.292 5.389 4.500 4.670** 2.000 4.586 4.726* 5.333 3.167

Disagree 40 50 45 38 39 50 49 100 52 48 37 67

In the middle 7 0 3 7 11 33 9 0 10 8 16 0

Agree 53 50 52 55 50 17 42 0 38 44 47 33

No opinion 2 0 0 3 5 0 1 0 0 2 0 0


2.941 1.000 2.897 3.191 2.789 1.333 1.584*** 1.000 1.724** 1.826*** 1.158** 0.667

Disagree 75 100 79 69 84 100 91 100 93 88 95 100

In the middle 6 0 0 9 0 0 4 0 3 5 5 0

Agree 19 0 21 21 16 0 5 0 3 7 0 0

No opinion 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0


3.062 3.000 2.870 3.243 2.312 2.500 3.185 3.000 3.130 3.291 3.500 3.167

Disagree 75 50 88 72 72 83 77 100 74 78 65 67

In the middle 7 0 0 9 11 0 6 0 7 5 6 17

Agree 18 50 12 19 17 17 18 0 19 17 29 17

No opinion 9 0 17 8 5 0 6 50 7 5 11 0






7.457 7.000 7.321 7.353 7.722 7.667 7.429 6.500 6.964 7.414 8.056 7.167

Disagree 8 0 3 11 0 0 11 0 11 13 16 0

In the middle 8 0 7 9 6 0 6 0 14 6 0 0

Agree 85 100 90 79 94 100 82 100 75 81 84 100

No opinion 2 0 0 2 5 0 1 0 3 1 0 0


5.488 6.000 4.533 5.736 5.545 4.333 5.240 4.000 3.667* 5.667 5.182 3.667

Disagree 34 0 41 32 31 67 42 50 62 30 67 83

In the middle 7 0 12 5 15 0 11 0 4 15 0 0

Agree 59 100 47 64 54 33 47 50 33 55 33 17

No opinion 30 50 41 25 32 50 15 0 17 13 21 0


6.034 6.500 5.524 6.392 5.923 3.250 6.452** 6.500 5.190 6.876* 6.538 5.000

Disagree 27 0 33 23 19 75 18 0 33 13 19 40

In the middle 7 50 5 6 6 0 10 0 11 12 0 20

Agree 66 50 62 70 75 25 72 100 56 76 81 40

No opinion 19 0 28 17 16 33 9 0 7 6 16 17


7.527 8.000 8.304 7.065 7.667 8.000 7.439 9.000 7.609* 6.967 8.667 8.200

Disagree 8 0 8 11 7 0 10 0 12 13 6 0

In the middle 7 0 0 11 0 0 5 0 8 5 0 0

Agree 85 100 92 79 93 100 84 100 81 82 94 100

No opinion 19 50 17 19 21 17 8 50 10 7 5 0


6.618 8.500 6.926 6.264 6.875 8.333 6.271* 8.500 6.481 6.000 6.188 6.667**





Disagree 18 0 7 24 16 0 17 0 3 23 19 0

In the middle 9 0 4 10 16 0 12 0 24 12 6 17

Agree 73 100 89 66 68 100 70 100 72 65 75 83

No opinion 6 0 7 8 0 0 5 0 0 4 16 0


4.605 7.500 3.963 4.552 4.812 4.600 4.347 6.500 3.667 4.343 4.625 4.000

Disagree 50 0 63 51 47 60 58 50 62 58 53 67

In the middle 14 50 15 11 18 20 14 0 14 14 12 17

Agree 36 50 22 37 35 20 29 50 24 28 35 17

No opinion 9 0 7 9 11 17 3 0 0 3 11 0


8.793 9.000 8.724 8.678 9.263 9.833 8.729 10.000 8.828 8.492 9.211 9.667

Unimportant 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 3 2 0 0

In the middle 2 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 3 2 0 0

Important 97 100 100 96 100 100 97 100 93 97 100 100

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 7.500 7.464 8.110 8.316 7.833 7.583*** 9.000 6.964 7.559*** 7.842 8.667

Unimportant 3 0 7 3 0 0 5 0 7 3 11 0

In the middle 4 50 7 2 5 0 3 0 7 3 0 0

Important 93 50 86 96 95 100 92 100 86 93 89 100

No opinion 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5C Not having to worry about being fired. 6.827 8.000 7.345 6.491 6.944 8.667 6.708 6.500 7.207 6.388 7.000 8.333

Unimportant 17 0 0 23 17 0 19 0 3 25 16 0

In the middle 8 0 14 8 6 0 4 0 0 7 0 0

Important 75 100 86 69 78 100 77 100 97 68 84 100

No opinion 1 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 1 0 0






9.064 7.500 8.897 9.009 9.263 9.500 9.086 8.000 9.276* 8.923 9.263 9.667

Unimportant 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

In the middle 4 50 0 4 5 0 1 0 0 2 0 0

Important 96 50 100 95 95 100 98 100 100 97 100 100

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0

5E Earning as much money as possible. 4.418 3.500 4.828 4.614 4.421 2.167 4.304 7.000 4.241 4.482 3.842 3.000

Unimportant 53 50 55 46 63 100 56 0 59 51 79 67

In the middle 12 50 10 13 16 0 9 0 3 11 0 17

Important 34 0 34 41 21 0 35 100 38 37 21 17

No opinion 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0


8.711 5.500 8.759 8.641 9.105 8.833 8.947* 7.500 9.103 8.812 9.263 9.000

Unimportant 2 50 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0

In the middle 3 0 7 3 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0

Important 95 50 93 95 100 100 97 100 100 96 100 100

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0


7.701 7.000 8.310 7.526 7.611 8.167 7.560 7.000 7.931 7.500 7.389 8.167

Unimportant 8 50 0 8 17 0 8 0 3 8 16 0

In the middle 4 0 7 3 6 0 4 0 10 3 0 0

Important 88 50 93 88 78 100 88 100 86 90 84 100

No opinion 1 0 0 0 5 0 2 50 0 2 0 0

5H Making sure that no one is left out. 7.354 6.000 7.464 7.368 7.167 7.500 7.519 6.000 7.643 7.518 7.222 7.500

Unimportant 11 50 7 10 22 0 7 0 7 5 21 0

In the middle 7 0 4 6 6 33 5 0 0 6 5 0

Important 83 50 89 84 72 67 88 100 93 89 74 100

No opinion 3 0 3 3 5 0 1 50 0 1 0 0






3.708 4.000 3.172 4.086 3.316 1.333 3.222*** 3.000 2.345*** 3.741* 2.211* 1.167

More equal 61 50 72 55 63 83 72 50 79 65 89 100

In the middle 12 0 10 15 11 0 9 0 14 9 0 0

Get rich 27 50 17 30 26 17 19 50 7 26 11 0

No opinion 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0


2.785 3.000 1.931 3.171 2.611 1.500 2.570 2.000 2.034 2.923 1.556 1.833

Help poor 81 50 93 77 83 100 86 100 93 84 89 83

In the middle 7 50 3 9 0 0 4 0 0 4 5 0

Low taxes 12 0 3 15 17 0 10 0 7 12 5 17

No opinion 1 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 1 0 0


3.464 1.500 3.552 3.561 3.588 2.333 4.293*** 4.500 4.172 4.386*** 4.176 4.167

Disagree 72 100 69 72 65 83 56 50 59 55 53 67

In the middle 6 0 3 8 6 0 8 0 7 9 11 0

Agree 22 0 28 20 29 17 36 50 34 36 37 33





No opinion 3 0 0 3 11 0 1 0 0 1 0 0


3.973 4.000 4.345 3.974 3.421 2.500 3.478*** 4.500 4.276 3.345*** 2.947 2.167

Disagree 58 50 52 57 68 67 67 50 59 68 74 83

In the middle 5 0 7 4 5 0 4 0 7 4 0 0

Agree 37 50 41 38 26 33 29 50 34 27 26 17

No opinion 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0


5.339 8.000 5.138 5.390 4.889 4.667 5.032 6.000 4.793 5.169 4.667 4.500

Disagree 42 0 52 38 50 67 43 50 52 40 42 50

In the middle 9 0 3 10 11 0 9 0 10 8 11 0

Agree 50 100 45 52 39 33 49 50 38 52 47 50

No opinion 1 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 0


6.737 8.000 6.556 6.764 6.684 7.667 7.187** 8.000 6.852 7.208* 7.632 7.333

Disagree 14 0 11 14 16 17 8 0 10 6 11 17

In the middle 17 50 22 16 32 0 7 0 10 9 0 0

Agree 68 50 67 70 53 83 85 100 79 85 89 83

No opinion 7 0 7 9 0 0 3 50 0 3 0 0


4.878 4.500 4.111 5.267 3.824 4.333 4.922 3.500 4.222 5.328 4.059 3.833

Disagree 43 50 59 35 59 50 40 50 48 33 50 67

In the middle 6 0 11 5 0 17 10 0 14 11 6 0

Agree 52 50 30 60 41 33 50 50 38 56 44 33

No opinion 4 0 7 1 11 0 2 0 0 1 5 0






2.817 3.500 3.448 2.805 2.053 2.000 2.457** 3.000 3.241 2.390* 2.211 2.167

Disagree 80 100 72 80 84 83 82 100 69 85 79 83

In the middle 4 0 7 3 5 0 4 0 10 3 5 0

Agree 17 0 21 17 11 17 14 0 21 13 16 17

No opinion 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0


5.223 6.000 5.556 5.085 5.316 4.500 5.348 7.000 4.926 5.263 6.579 5.500

Disagree 42 50 30 47 37 33 43 50 45 45 26 17

In the middle 5 0 7 5 5 0 6 0 3 8 0 0

Agree 52 50 63 47 58 67 51 50 52 47 74 83

No opinion 2 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0


7.328 6.000 7.148 7.268 7.105 8.333 8.000*** 7.000 7.889 7.875*** 8.158 8.333

Disagree 7 0 4 5 16 17 3 0 7 3 5 0

In the middle 10 50 11 10 16 0 3 0 0 3 11 0

Agree 83 50 85 85 68 83 93 100 93 94 84 100

No opinion 4 0 7 3 0 0 3 50 0 3 0 0

9A They just don’t know enough. 5.000 6.000 5.148 4.682 6.000 6.167 4.847 8.000 4.889 4.855 5.000 5.500

Disagree 42 50 36 45 33 33 47 0 54 44 58 17

In the middle 10 0 11 11 6 0 5 0 0 7 0 17

Agree 49 50 54 44 61 67 48 100 46 50 42 67

No opinion 5 0 3 6 5 0 2 0 3 1 0 0


6.125 7.500 6.000 5.873 7.056 7.333 6.074 8.000 6.321 5.909 6.167 6.500

Disagree 20 0 18 23 17 0 22 0 21 23 28 17

In the middle 8 0 11 10 6 0 7 0 7 8 6 0





Agree 71 100 71 67 78 100 72 100 72 69 67 83

No opinion 5 0 3 6 5 0 3 0 0 2 5 0

9C They are not thinking clearly. 4.185 7.000 4.154 4.038 4.412 5.200 3.976 6.500 4.500 3.925 3.941 3.600

Disagree 52 0 54 54 56 40 58 0 48 59 71 60

In the middle 16 0 12 18 11 20 11 0 14 11 12 20

Agree 32 100 35 29 33 40 31 100 38 31 18 20

No opinion 9 0 10 8 5 17 5 0 0 3 11 17


6.464 3.000 6.889 6.474 6.588 6.500 6.816* 6.000 7.481 6.746 6.765 5.500

Disagree 15 100 15 11 18 33 13 0 11 10 22 33

In the middle 8 0 0 9 12 0 10 0 7 11 11 17

Agree 77 0 85 80 71 67 78 100 82 78 67 50

No opinion 5 50 7 3 11 0 3 50 3 2 5 0


7.391 9.000 7.379 7.207 8.111 7.500 7.043* 8.500 6.828 6.940 7.833 7.333

Disagree 6 0 3 7 6 0 11 0 14 10 11 0

In the middle 7 0 7 9 0 0 9 0 3 13 0 0

Agree 87 100 90 84 94 100 80 100 83 77 89 100

No opinion 2 0 0 2 5 0 1 0 0 0 5 0


Issues by Class Year


Legend T Total 1 2020 2 2021 3 2022 4 2023

Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 32 n = 47 n = 48 n = 59 n = 188 n = 32 n = 47 n = 48 n = 59

Number Question T 1 2 3 4 T 1 2 3 4


4.192 3.452 4.426 4.383 4.255 4.538** 3.677 4.617 4.894* 4.691

Poorly 61 77 51 60 62 53 72 53 44 48

In the middle 10 6 19 6 7 9 3 11 10 10

Well 29 16 30 34 31 38 25 36 46 41

No opinion 3 3 0 2 7 1 0 0 0 2


5.785 5.625 5.976 6.095 5.509 6.448** 6.312 6.756 6.619 6.164

Oppose 30 34 26 26 32 26 28 24 25 28

In the middle 10 6 14 7 11 4 3 2 4 5

Favor 60 59 60 67 57 70 69 74 71 67

No opinion 7 0 11 12 5 1 0 2 0 2


4.766 2.824 4.324 5.571 5.375 4.328* 3.176 4.294 4.657 4.575*

Oppose 45 76 59 31 32 57 60 60 52 56

In the middle 11 12 6 14 10 8 20 4 8 4





Favor 44 12 35 54 59 36 20 36 40 40

No opinion 31 47 28 27 31 3 6 4 0 3


7.256 7.828 7.657 6.921 6.868 7.551 8.517 7.914 7.184 7.000

Oppose 12 3 10 16 17 12 0 2 17 19

In the middle 10 10 5 11 15 8 7 7 11 9

Favor 77 87 85 74 69 80 93 90 72 72

No opinion 13 6 15 21 8 5 6 13 2 2


3.617 4.200 3.439 3.136 3.827 4.856*** 6.033** 4.707** 4.295* 4.769

Oppose 68 53 72 77 64 48 31 47 53 54

In the middle 7 10 5 9 6 9 6 11 13 7

Favor 25 37 23 14 30 43 62 42 34 39

No opinion 10 6 9 8 10 3 0 4 2 3

2E Stanford should abolish Greek life. 4.269 4.567 4.658 3.825 3.960 4.094 4.033 4.000* 3.925 4.100

Oppose 59 57 50 62 67 61 59 60 63 61

In the middle 4 13 5 2 0 4 3 2 7 4

Favor 36 30 45 35 33 36 38 37 30 35

No opinion 14 6 19 17 12 4 0 9 4 3


4.943 5.000 5.000 5.167 4.562 5.222 5.276 5.595 4.690 5.167

Oppose 51 48 50 50 56 44 39 45 51 42

In the middle 6 10 0 7 4 7 6 5 11 7

Favor 43 41 50 43 40 49 55 50 38 51

No opinion 15 9 19 12 19 4 3 6 6 0






7.706 8.133 8.116 6.955 7.845 7.141*** 7.833 7.209*** 6.795 7.052**

Oppose 11 7 9 20 7 17 12 16 17 19

In the middle 2 3 0 2 3 6 3 2 15 3

Favor 87 90 91 78 90 77 84 82 68 78

No opinion 5 6 6 6 2 2 0 4 2 0


8.461 9.067 8.465 7.894 8.554 8.180* 8.500* 8.116 7.957 8.179

Oppose 4 3 2 9 4 4 3 7 4 3

In the middle 3 0 2 9 0 3 6 0 4 2

Favor 93 97 95 83 96 93 91 93 92 95

No opinion 4 6 6 2 3 1 0 2 0 2


6.920 7.219 6.786 6.511 7.074 6.349** 7.094 6.476 6.244 5.981**

Oppose 22 19 26 22 22 29 19 24 25 41

In the middle 6 6 5 11 4 7 12 7 8 3

Favor 72 75 70 67 75 64 69 70 67 55

No opinion 6 0 9 6 7 1 0 2 0 2


8.353 8.161 7.851 8.543 8.672 6.810*** 6.290** 6.319*** 6.674*** 7.552***

Oppose 7 9 15 4 2 21 26 28 29 8

In the middle 2 3 4 2 0 4 6 4 2 3

Favor 91 88 81 93 98 75 68 68 69 88

No opinion 2 0 0 4 2 1 3 0 0 0


7.311 7.100 7.550 7.262 7.226 7.377 7.033 7.650 7.690 7.019





Oppose 9 10 7 14 6 11 16 5 13 12

In the middle 7 7 7 7 8 7 6 11 4 5

Favor 84 83 86 79 87 83 78 84 83 83

No opinion 9 6 9 10 10 2 0 6 2 0


6.389 5.533 6.561 6.744 6.353 6.090 5.833 6.049 6.349 5.941

Oppose 22 33 18 18 24 29 31 26 28 32

In the middle 8 7 7 11 6 7 6 9 4 7

Favor 70 60 75 70 71 64 62 65 68 61

No opinion 9 6 6 8 14 3 0 9 2 0


6.066 5.969 5.848 6.065 6.228 4.153*** 3.781*** 4.065*** 4.109*** 4.439***

Oppose 29 28 30 28 29 55 50 55 58 53

In the middle 4 6 7 2 2 6 9 9 8 2

Favor 67 66 63 70 69 39 41 36 33 45

No opinion 2 0 2 4 2 1 0 0 0 2


6.047 6.897 6.341 5.545 5.709 5.333*** 5.862* 5.171*** 5.477 5.127

Oppose 30 14 29 37 34 40 25 48 37 45

In the middle 8 10 5 9 9 9 9 4 13 7

Favor 62 76 67 54 57 51 66 48 50 48

No opinion 7 9 11 4 5 2 0 2 4 2






2.153 1.355 1.930 2.652 2.407 2.102 1.516 2.186 2.326 2.259

Disagree 92 97 93 89 91 89 91 89 85 91

In the middle 3 3 5 0 5 4 9 2 6 2

Agree 4 0 2 11 4 7 0 9 8 7

No opinion 5 3 6 4 5 3 0 4 0 5


5.209 4.312 5.045 5.277 5.702 4.670** 4.250 4.432 4.511* 5.211

Disagree 40 59 38 40 33 49 53 63 44 40

In the middle 7 6 7 6 7 9 6 2 19 7

Agree 53 34 56 53 60 42 41 35 38 53

No opinion 2 0 4 2 2 1 0 2 0 2


2.941 3.094 2.761 2.830 3.052 1.584*** 1.500*** 1.826** 1.617*** 1.431***

Disagree 75 69 74 85 73 91 84 89 92 95

In the middle 6 9 9 0 7 4 9 2 4 3

Agree 19 22 17 15 20 5 6 9 4 2

No opinion 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 2


3.062 1.966 3.132 3.864 3.020 3.185 2.379 3.474 3.477 3.265

Disagree 75 90 71 65 77 77 81 79 76 73

In the middle 7 3 12 4 8 6 9 0 9 5

Agree 18 7 17 30 15 18 9 21 15 22

No opinion 9 9 11 4 12 6 0 11 4 7






7.457 7.281 7.455 7.681 7.305 7.429 7.312 7.364 7.447 7.458

Disagree 8 6 7 11 7 11 6 15 13 10

In the middle 8 12 7 4 8 6 6 7 9 5

Agree 85 81 87 85 85 82 88 78 79 85

No opinion 2 0 4 2 0 1 0 2 2 0


5.488 4.708 5.200 5.730 6.125 5.240 4.500 5.000 5.595 5.781

Disagree 34 50 42 24 25 42 52 44 34 41

In the middle 7 8 6 8 6 11 10 15 7 11

Agree 59 42 52 68 69 47 38 41 59 48

No opinion 30 25 30 23 39 15 9 17 8 22


6.034 5.464 6.405 6.270 5.976 6.452** 5.929 6.541 6.757 6.500

Disagree 27 43 21 24 24 18 26 24 9 16

In the middle 7 0 13 8 2 10 6 5 13 14

Agree 66 57 66 68 74 72 68 71 78 71

No opinion 19 12 19 21 22 9 3 11 6 14


7.527 7.935 7.432 7.270 7.439 7.439 7.226* 7.568 7.378 7.488

Disagree 8 3 12 11 7 10 13 10 11 9

In the middle 7 6 10 3 7 5 6 2 9 4

Agree 85 90 78 86 86 84 81 88 80 87

No opinion 19 3 13 23 29 8 3 13 4 10


6.618 7.207 6.683 6.489 6.377 6.271* 6.483 6.244 6.467 6.057





Disagree 18 13 11 20 24 17 19 16 13 19

In the middle 9 7 9 9 9 12 13 19 11 9

Agree 73 80 80 72 67 70 68 65 76 72

No opinion 6 6 6 4 8 5 3 9 4 3


4.605 4.897 4.684 4.795 4.315 4.347 4.414 4.395 4.750 4.074

Disagree 50 41 50 46 59 58 50 60 46 68

In the middle 14 24 20 7 9 14 28 16 15 3

Agree 36 34 30 48 31 29 22 23 39 29

No opinion 9 9 15 4 8 3 0 9 4 0


8.793 8.938 8.851 8.271 9.051 8.729 8.844 8.894 8.458 8.712*

Unimportant 1 0 0 4 0 2 0 4 0 2

In the middle 2 3 0 2 2 2 3 0 2 2

Important 97 97 100 94 98 97 97 96 98 97

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 7.968 7.936 8.000 8.085 7.583*** 7.645 7.511 7.583 7.542**

Unimportant 3 3 4 2 3 5 0 6 2 8

In the middle 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 6 4 0

Important 93 94 91 94 93 92 97 87 94 92

No opinion 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5C Not having to worry about being fired. 6.827 6.688 7.091 6.667 6.949 6.708 6.750 6.568 6.667 6.915

Unimportant 17 12 16 19 19 19 12 22 21 17

In the middle 8 19 13 2 2 4 3 4 6 3

Important 75 69 71 79 80 77 84 74 73 80

No opinion 1 0 4 0 0 1 0 2 0 0






9.064 9.312 9.043 8.917 9.068 9.086 9.344 9.283 8.917 8.932

Unimportant 1 3 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0

In the middle 4 3 9 2 2 1 3 0 2 0

Important 96 94 91 98 98 98 94 100 98 100

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0

5E Earning as much money as possible. 4.418 4.032 4.261 4.957 4.288 4.304 4.065 4.196 4.652 4.136

Unimportant 53 59 57 46 54 56 52 61 53 58

In the middle 12 6 17 13 10 9 19 4 11 7

Important 34 34 26 41 36 35 29 35 36 36

No opinion 1 0 0 4 0 2 3 2 2 0


8.711 8.969 8.674 8.438 8.797 8.947* 9.188 8.978 8.938*** 8.814

Unimportant 2 3 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 0

In the middle 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 0 2 2

Important 95 94 94 94 98 97 94 98 98 98

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0


7.701 7.594 7.955 7.583 7.724 7.560 7.469 7.886 7.521 7.448

Unimportant 8 9 4 8 8 8 6 2 6 12

In the middle 4 3 0 0 10 4 3 4 6 3

Important 88 88 96 92 81 88 91 93 88 84

No opinion 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 4 0 2

5H Making sure that no one is left out. 7.354 7.200 7.432 6.958 7.789 7.519 7.000 7.727 7.438 7.754

Unimportant 11 17 11 12 5 7 12 4 6 5

In the middle 7 7 9 6 5 5 6 7 6 3

Important 83 77 80 81 90 88 81 89 88 91

No opinion 3 6 4 0 2 1 0 2 0 2






3.708 3.710 3.413 4.333 3.414 3.222*** 2.903* 3.130 3.667** 3.069

More equal 61 55 57 52 74 72 72 76 62 76

In the middle 12 10 17 15 9 9 12 7 15 5

Get rich 27 35 26 33 17 19 16 17 23 19

No opinion 1 3 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 0


2.785 2.406 2.267 3.688 2.627 2.570 2.094 2.533 3.000* 2.475

Help poor 81 88 87 67 86 86 94 87 77 90

In the middle 7 3 7 10 7 4 0 0 8 5

Low taxes 12 9 7 23 7 10 6 13 15 5

No opinion 1 0 4 0 0 1 0 2 0 0


3.464 3.281 3.628 3.478 3.397 4.293*** 3.875 4.488* 4.174* 4.448***

Disagree 72 75 66 72 76 56 66 54 55 53

In the middle 6 6 7 7 5 8 9 4 13 7

Agree 22 19 27 22 19 36 25 41 32 41





No opinion 3 0 6 4 2 1 0 2 2 0


3.973 3.375 3.362 4.957 4.138 3.478*** 2.719 3.170 4.191** 3.690

Disagree 58 69 70 40 56 67 72 79 54 66

In the middle 5 6 6 4 3 4 6 4 2 3

Agree 37 25 23 55 41 29 22 17 44 31

No opinion 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 2


5.339 5.469 5.370 5.894 4.881 5.032 5.562 4.957 5.234* 4.610

Disagree 42 34 43 33 51 43 28 43 43 53

In the middle 9 12 7 8 8 9 9 9 4 10

Agree 50 53 50 58 41 49 62 49 53 37

No opinion 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 0


6.737 6.733 7.098 6.545 6.500 7.187** 7.500 7.659* 6.977 6.722

Disagree 14 13 7 17 19 8 3 4 13 11

In the middle 17 27 14 13 19 7 3 7 7 11

Agree 68 60 79 70 63 85 94 89 80 79

No opinion 7 6 11 4 8 3 0 2 4 3


4.878 4.355 4.659 5.065 5.246 4.922 4.194 4.545 4.978 5.684

Disagree 43 48 48 38 39 40 53 40 43 28

In the middle 6 16 5 6 0 10 9 13 7 10

Agree 52 35 48 55 61 50 38 47 50 62

No opinion 4 3 6 2 3 2 0 0 4 2






2.817 1.750 2.609 3.064 3.458 2.457** 1.969 2.043 2.702 2.932*

Disagree 80 94 78 81 71 82 84 91 79 76

In the middle 4 3 7 2 3 4 3 4 2 5

Agree 17 3 15 17 25 14 12 4 19 19

No opinion 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 0


5.223 5.903 4.848 5.277 5.190 5.348 5.839 6.130** 5.000 4.741

Disagree 42 35 41 44 45 43 34 32 53 49

In the middle 5 3 7 6 5 6 6 6 4 7

Agree 52 61 52 50 50 51 59 62 43 44

No opinion 2 3 2 0 2 1 0 0 2 0


7.328 7.903 7.659 7.128 6.792 8.000*** 8.226 8.477*** 7.979** 7.415*

Disagree 7 0 2 6 15 3 0 0 4 7

In the middle 10 13 11 6 11 3 6 0 6 2

Agree 83 87 87 88 75 93 94 100 89 91

No opinion 4 3 4 0 7 3 0 2 2 5

9A They just don’t know enough. 5.000 5.258 4.884 4.689 5.182 4.847 5.000 4.721 4.889 4.691

Disagree 42 32 44 49 39 47 34 53 49 49

In the middle 10 13 14 2 11 5 12 2 2 5

Agree 49 55 42 49 51 48 53 45 49 46

No opinion 5 3 9 6 3 2 0 0 2 3


6.125 6.226 5.829 5.891 6.429 6.074 6.161 6.000 6.174 5.911

Disagree 20 19 26 24 14 22 16 20 23 26

In the middle 8 6 10 7 11 7 6 9 6 5





Agree 71 74 64 70 75 72 77 71 70 69

No opinion 5 3 11 4 3 3 3 4 2 2

9C They are not thinking clearly. 4.185 4.517 4.179 3.756 4.302 3.976 3.759* 3.872 3.844 4.264

Disagree 52 47 56 56 52 58 57 63 64 51

In the middle 16 17 17 16 13 11 20 9 6 12

Agree 32 37 27 29 35 31 23 28 30 37

No opinion 9 6 13 6 8 5 6 9 2 3


6.464 6.167 6.233 6.565 6.672 6.816* 6.467 6.721 6.630 7.207*

Disagree 15 17 21 13 12 13 6 16 17 10

In the middle 8 10 12 0 10 10 16 14 11 3

Agree 77 73 67 87 78 78 77 70 72 86

No opinion 5 6 9 4 2 3 3 6 2 0


7.391 7.562 7.422 7.348 7.288 7.043* 7.094 7.044 7.043 6.966

Disagree 6 6 7 4 7 11 9 7 8 19

In the middle 7 9 7 9 5 9 6 13 12 3

Agree 87 84 87 87 88 80 84 80 79 78

No opinion 2 0 4 4 0 1 0 2 0 0


Issues by Financial Aid



Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 68 n = 109 n = 188 n = 68 n = 109



4.192 4.597 3.923 4.538** 4.896 4.250*

Poorly 61 52 66 53 46 60

In the middle 10 12 9 9 10 6

Well 29 36 25 38 44 33



5.785 6.393 5.370 6.448** 6.820 6.190**

Oppose 30 21 35 26 26 26

In the middle 10 11 10 4 4 4

Favor 60 67 55 70 69 70

No opinion 7 10 6 1 0 2


4.766 4.694 4.800 4.328* 4.224 4.386

Oppose 45 45 46 57 57 57

In the middle 11 12 10 8 12 4

Favor 44 43 44 36 31 39





No opinion 31 28 35 3 1 5


7.256 6.946 7.522 7.551 7.304 7.717

Oppose 12 18 9 12 15 10

In the middle 10 11 8 8 10 6

Favor 77 71 82 80 75 84

No opinion 13 18 11 5 1 6


3.617 3.328 3.866 4.856*** 4.115* 5.330***

Oppose 68 72 64 48 59 41


Favor 25 25 27 43 37 48

No opinion 10 10 8 3 0 4


Oppose 59 66 56 61 69 58


Favor 36 33 38 36 28 38

No opinion 14 10 15 4 1 5


4.943 4.322 5.242 5.222 4.458 5.538

Oppose 51 56 49 44 52 42


Favor 43 36 46 49 44 51

No opinion 15 13 17 4 3 3






7.706 7.149 8.257 7.141*** 6.388*** 7.723**

Oppose 11 16 6 17 28 9


Favor 87 79 93 77 68 86



8.461 8.266 8.781 8.180* 7.828 8.533

Oppose 4 6 2 4 9 1


Favor 93 91 95 93 88 97



6.920 6.625 7.255 6.349** 5.875* 6.657*

Oppose 22 27 17 29 35 26


Favor 72 69 76 64 53 71



8.353 8.318 8.430 6.810*** 6.636*** 6.850***

Oppose 7 9 6 21 26 19


Favor 91 91 92 75 71 77







7.311 7.538 7.152 7.377 7.554 7.293

Oppose 9 8 9 11 9 12


Favor 84 88 81 83 85 83

No opinion 9 3 13 2 1 3


6.389 6.923 6.043 6.090 6.369 5.871

Oppose 22 18 24 29 27 31


Favor 70 74 67 64 67 64

No opinion 9 3 13 3 3 2


6.066 6.015 6.181 4.153*** 4.284*** 3.971***

Oppose 29 30 28 55 50 59


Favor 67 64 70 39 40 37



6.047 5.968 6.210 5.333*** 5.290* 5.400**

Oppose 30 30 28 40 45 36


Favor 62 62 65 51 44 56







2.153 2.234 1.981 2.102 2.203 2.029

Disagree 92 91 96 89 90 90


Agree 4 5 2 7 4 8



5.209 5.215 5.104 4.670** 5.077 4.340**

Disagree 40 40 42 49 42 54


Agree 53 54 50 42 47 39



2.941 2.576 3.056 1.584*** 1.682*** 1.417***

Disagree 75 81 74 91 94 92


Agree 19 12 22 5 3 6



3.062 3.468 2.570 3.185 3.306 3.172*

Disagree 75 73 80 77 80 75


Agree 18 22 13 18 17 18

No opinion 9 6 10 6 4 6






7.457 7.582 7.330 7.429 7.791 7.151

Disagree 8 4 9 11 9 14


Agree 85 90 81 82 87 80



5.488 5.706 5.362 5.240 6.137 4.652*

Disagree 34 37 32 42 32 49

In the middle 7 6 7 11 10 10

Agree 59 58 61 47 58 41

No opinion 30 24 31 15 9 17


6.034 6.709 5.590 6.452** 7.182* 6.060*

Disagree 27 20 32 18 14 20


Agree 66 73 61 72 83 67

No opinion 19 13 22 9 13 6


7.527 6.789 8.086 7.439 6.719 7.914

Disagree 8 9 7 10 16 7


Agree 85 81 88 84 78 89

No opinion 19 16 21 8 6 9






6.618 6.203 6.969 6.271* 5.797 6.542*

Disagree 18 26 12 17 25 14

In the middle 9 8 9 12 13 11

Agree 73 66 79 70 61 75



4.605 4.203 4.702 4.347 3.906 4.500

Disagree 50 56 49 58 57 61

In the middle 14 16 13 14 24 6

Agree 36 28 37 29 19 33

No opinion 9 6 11 3 0 4


8.793 8.338 9.128 8.729 8.279 9.018



Important 97 94 100 97 96 98


5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 7.912 8.056 7.583*** 7.412** 7.667**



Important 93 93 93 92 94 91


5C Not having to worry about being fired. 6.827 6.299 7.262 6.708 6.493 6.897*

Unimportant 17 21 14 19 22 17






Important 75 69 81 77 74 81



9.064 8.809 9.269 9.086 8.794 9.333



Important 96 93 98 98 97 100



Unimportant 53 54 51 56 50 59

In the middle 12 15 12 9 12 6

Important 34 31 37 35 38 34



8.711 8.397 8.944 8.947* 8.676* 9.167



Important 95 93 97 97 97 99



7.701 7.221 7.952 7.560 7.206 7.771



Important 88 84 91 88 85 91









Important 83 74 89 88 82 93



3.708 4.176 3.236 3.222*** 3.515** 2.868**

More equal 61 53 68 72 66 79

In the middle 12 12 12 9 13 5

Get rich 27 35 20 19 21 17



2.785 3.279 2.336 2.570 3.191 2.037*

Help poor 81 74 88 86 79 94


Low taxes 12 16 7 10 15 6







3.464 3.821 3.276 4.293*** 4.731*** 4.019**

Disagree 72 67 76 56 46 62


Agree 22 27 20 36 47 30



3.973 3.612 4.120 3.478*** 3.060** 3.583**

Disagree 58 64 54 67 75 65


Agree 37 28 42 29 21 32



5.339 4.926 5.593 5.032 4.515 5.269

Disagree 42 49 37 43 51 39


Agree 50 38 58 49 34 56



6.737 6.547 6.899 7.187** 7.172** 7.253

Disagree 14 17 12 8 6 9

In the middle 17 14 19 7 9 6

Agree 68 69 69 85 85 86



4.878 5.061 4.781 4.922 5.076 4.886

Disagree 43 38 45 40 40 39






Agree 52 55 50 50 51 52



2.817 3.265 2.514 2.457** 2.368*** 2.486

Disagree 80 71 85 82 85 82


Agree 17 25 11 14 12 15



5.223 4.985 5.318 5.348 5.500 5.262

Disagree 42 44 42 43 43 45


Agree 52 46 56 51 50 50



7.328 7.269 7.343 8.000*** 7.985*** 8.020***

Disagree 7 6 7 3 3 4


Agree 83 90 80 93 94 93



Disagree 42 45 39 47 51 44


Agree 49 43 53 48 43 52







6.125 6.154 6.058 6.074 5.815 6.252

Disagree 20 21 20 22 26 20


Agree 71 71 70 72 68 74


9C They are not thinking clearly. 4.185 4.277 4.179 3.976 3.431** 4.337

Disagree 52 52 52 58 73 49

In the middle 16 18 14 11 9 12

Agree 32 30 34 31 18 38

No opinion 9 3 11 5 3 5


6.464 6.194 6.618 6.816* 6.373 6.951

Disagree 15 15 16 13 18 11

In the middle 8 12 6 10 13 8

Agree 77 73 78 78 69 82



7.391 7.164 7.574 7.043* 6.731 7.269

Disagree 6 6 5 11 13 11


Agree 87 85 89 80 74 86



Issues by Financial Aid Breakdown


Legend T Total 1 None 2 0-25% 3 25-50% 4 50-75% 5 75-100%

Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 68 n = 8 n = 8 n = 12 n = 70 n = 188 n = 68 n = 8 n = 8 n = 12 n = 70



4.192 4.597 4.000 4.500 3.455 3.833 4.538** 4.896 4.625 4.625 3.455 4.121

Poorly 61 52 62 62 82 65 53 46 50 50 67 64

In the middle 10 12 12 0 9 11 9 10 0 12 17 6

Well 29 36 25 38 9 24 38 44 50 38 17 30

No opinion 3 1 0 0 8 6 1 0 0 0 0 1


5.785 6.393 7.000 6.500 5.727 4.903 6.448** 6.820 7.750 7.125* 5.727 5.871*

Oppose 30 21 12 0 36 44 26 26 0 0 33 34

In the middle 10 11 0 12 0 11 4 4 0 12 17 1

Favor 60 67 88 88 64 45 70 69 100 88 50 65

No opinion 7 10 0 0 8 9 1 0 0 0 0 3


4.766 4.694 5.600 7.000 4.222 4.465 4.328* 4.224 3.400 6.833 2.000 4.558

Oppose 45 45 40 33 44 52 57 57 88 38 73 55

In the middle 11 12 0 0 22 9 8 12 0 0 0 5





Favor 44 43 60 67 33 39 36 31 12 62 27 41

No opinion 31 28 38 25 25 37 3 1 0 0 8 6


7.256 6.946 8.429 7.167 8.100 7.186 7.551 7.304 7.714 7.833 9.200* 7.373

Oppose 12 18 0 0 0 14 12 15 12 0 0 14

In the middle 10 11 14 29 10 6 8 10 0 14 9 6

Favor 77 71 86 71 90 79 80 75 88 86 91 80

No opinion 13 18 12 12 17 10 5 1 0 12 8 7


3.617 3.328 3.000 3.143 3.909 3.968 4.856*** 4.115* 4.286 5.714 5.091 5.190**

Oppose 68 72 100 57 64 62 48 59 62 25 42 44

In the middle 7 3 0 14 0 9 9 4 12 25 8 9

Favor 25 25 0 29 36 29 43 37 25 50 50 47

No opinion 10 10 12 12 8 6 3 0 0 0 0 6

2E Stanford should abolish Greek life. 4.269 3.869 3.000 4.429 4.417 4.638 4.094 3.344 1.857 4.571 4.750 4.707

Oppose 59 66 86 57 50 54 61 69 100 57 50 54

In the middle 4 2 0 0 0 7 4 3 0 14 8 3

Favor 36 33 14 43 50 39 36 28 0 29 42 43

No opinion 14 10 12 12 0 16 4 1 0 12 0 4


4.943 4.322 2.857 5.250 5.455 5.559 5.222 4.458 4.000 5.375 5.727 5.712

Oppose 51 56 86 50 45 44 44 52 71 50 50 38

In the middle 6 8 0 0 9 5 7 5 0 0 0 10

Favor 43 36 14 50 45 51 49 44 29 50 50 52

No opinion 15 13 12 0 8 16 4 3 12 0 0 1






7.706 7.149 7.250 8.000 8.500 8.379 7.141*** 6.388*** 6.500 8.714 8.600 7.545***

Oppose 11 16 12 0 10 6 17 28 25 0 0 12

In the middle 2 4 0 0 0 1 6 4 0 0 0 7

Favor 87 79 88 100 90 93 77 68 75 100 100 81

No opinion 5 1 0 0 17 4 2 0 0 12 0 1


8.461 8.266 8.750 8.667 9.083 8.750 8.180* 7.828 7.875 8.333 9.083 8.588

Oppose 4 6 0 0 0 3 4 9 0 0 0 1

In the middle 3 3 0 0 0 4 3 3 0 0 0 3

Favor 93 91 100 100 100 93 93 88 100 100 100 96

No opinion 4 6 0 12 0 1 1 0 0 12 0 1


6.920 6.625 6.125 8.000 7.545 7.277 6.349** 5.875* 4.375* 7.286 6.091 7.092

Oppose 22 27 25 0 9 19 29 35 50 0 33 21

In the middle 6 5 25 0 18 4 7 12 0 0 17 1

Favor 72 69 50 100 73 76 64 53 50 100 50 78

No opinion 6 6 0 12 8 4 1 0 0 0 0 3


8.353 8.318 7.875 7.500 9.000 8.594 6.810*** 6.636*** 4.625* 7.125 6.727* 6.957***

Oppose 7 9 12 0 0 6 21 26 62 0 18 19

In the middle 2 0 0 12 0 1 4 3 0 25 0 3

Favor 91 91 88 88 100 93 75 71 38 75 82 79

No opinion 2 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 8 0


7.311 7.538 8.667 5.714 6.909 7.217 7.377 7.554 7.833 6.571 7.273 7.333





Oppose 9 8 0 12 18 8 11 9 0 14 17 13

In the middle 7 5 0 25 0 11 7 6 0 14 0 4

Favor 84 88 100 62 82 81 83 85 100 71 83 82

No opinion 9 3 25 0 8 11 2 1 0 12 0 3


6.389 6.923 8.833 4.571 5.417 6.000 6.090 6.369 7.500 6.143 6.000 5.667

Oppose 22 18 0 38 42 23 29 27 25 14 25 35

In the middle 8 8 0 12 0 11 7 6 0 14 8 6

Favor 70 74 100 50 58 66 64 67 75 71 67 59

No opinion 9 3 25 0 0 13 3 3 0 12 0 1


6.066 6.015 7.375 5.875 6.000 6.076 4.153*** 4.284*** 3.375** 5.875 2.167** 4.258***

Oppose 29 30 12 25 33 31 55 50 75 38 75 55

In the middle 4 6 0 0 0 3 6 10 0 12 8 3

Favor 67 64 88 75 67 66 39 40 25 50 17 42

No opinion 2 1 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 1


6.047 5.968 6.250 5.571 6.917 6.062 5.333*** 5.290* 4.875 6.000 4.667* 5.516

Oppose 30 30 25 43 17 32 40 45 50 25 58 32

In the middle 8 8 0 0 0 8 9 11 0 0 8 10

Favor 62 62 75 57 83 61 51 44 50 75 33 57

No opinion 7 6 0 12 0 6 2 3 0 0 0 3






2.153 2.234 1.875 2.429 1.818 1.955 2.102 2.203 2.375 3.429 1.091 1.985

Disagree 92 91 100 86 100 96 89 90 88 75 100 91

In the middle 3 5 0 0 0 3 4 6 0 0 0 1

Agree 4 5 0 14 0 1 7 4 12 25 0 7

No opinion 5 6 0 12 8 1 3 1 0 0 0 3


5.209 5.215 5.750 5.000 4.750 5.149 4.670** 5.077 4.625 4.875 3.417 4.418*

Disagree 40 40 25 50 50 39 49 42 62 38 67 53

In the middle 7 6 0 0 17 10 9 11 0 12 8 9

Agree 53 54 75 50 33 51 42 47 38 50 25 39

No opinion 2 1 0 0 0 4 1 3 0 0 0 0


2.941 2.576 3.375 3.000 3.000 2.857 1.584*** 1.682*** 1.000* 2.857 0.583* 1.429***

Disagree 75 81 62 57 75 79 91 94 100 75 100 91

In the middle 6 7 25 0 0 1 4 3 0 12 0 3

Agree 19 12 12 43 25 20 5 3 0 12 0 6

No opinion 1 0 0 12 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0


3.062 3.468 3.833 2.667 1.900 2.587 3.185 3.306 5.000* 3.000 2.500 3.222

Disagree 75 73 67 67 100 78 77 80 62 100 82 74

In the middle 7 5 17 17 0 6 6 3 0 0 9 6

Agree 18 22 17 17 0 16 18 17 38 0 9 20

No opinion 9 6 25 25 8 4 6 4 0 0 8 7






7.457 7.582 8.875 8.250 7.250 7.060 7.429 7.791 8.500 8.250 7.833 6.597

Disagree 8 4 0 0 8 13 11 9 0 0 8 20

In the middle 8 6 0 12 8 10 6 4 0 12 17 6

Agree 85 90 100 88 83 76 82 87 100 88 75 74

No opinion 2 1 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 1


5.488 5.706 7.000 4.714 6.200 5.109 5.240 6.137 6.000 5.000 5.800 4.174*

Disagree 34 37 17 29 17 38 42 32 33 38 56 52

In the middle 7 6 0 14 17 6 11 10 0 25 11 10

Agree 59 58 83 57 67 56 47 58 67 38 33 38

No opinion 30 24 25 12 50 29 15 9 25 0 25 13


6.034 6.709 6.857 6.714 4.625 5.278 6.452** 7.182* 7.571 6.143 5.125 5.833*

Disagree 27 20 14 14 44 36 18 14 0 25 36 23

In the middle 7 7 0 14 11 7 10 3 0 12 9 15

Agree 66 73 86 71 44 56 72 83 100 62 55 62

No opinion 19 13 12 12 25 21 9 13 0 0 8 6


7.527 6.789 7.200 7.000 7.400 8.396 7.439 6.719 7.800 6.833 7.800 8.264

Disagree 8 9 0 0 20 7 10 16 0 0 8 6

In the middle 7 11 0 29 0 4 5 6 0 14 0 5

Agree 85 81 100 71 80 89 84 78 100 86 92 89

No opinion 19 16 38 12 17 19 8 6 12 12 0 10


6.618 6.203 5.571 6.714 7.667 7.048 6.271* 5.797 6.429 6.143 7.111 6.508





Disagree 18 26 25 12 20 11 17 25 14 29 18 12

In the middle 9 8 25 0 0 9 12 13 14 0 9 13

Agree 73 66 50 88 80 80 70 61 71 71 73 75

No opinion 6 4 0 0 17 9 5 1 12 12 8 4


4.605 4.203 5.000 5.833 4.818 4.426 4.347 3.906 5.375 4.833 4.091 4.443

Disagree 50 56 62 43 50 50 58 57 38 71 73 59

In the middle 14 16 0 0 17 18 14 24 0 0 9 7

Agree 36 28 38 57 33 32 29 19 62 29 18 34

No opinion 9 6 0 12 0 11 3 0 0 12 8 3


8.793 8.338 8.875 8.250 9.833 9.114 8.729 8.279 8.500 8.875 9.750 8.857

Unimportant 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 1

In the middle 2 4 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1

Important 97 94 100 100 100 100 97 96 100 100 100 97

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 7.912 7.500 7.625 7.750 8.171 7.583*** 7.412** 7.750 6.750* 7.500 7.771*

Unimportant 3 4 0 0 8 3 5 4 0 12 8 4

In the middle 4 3 12 12 8 3 3 1 0 25 0 3

Important 93 93 88 88 83 94 92 94 100 62 92 93

No opinion 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5C Not having to worry about being fired. 6.827 6.299 7.000 7.143 6.417 7.464 6.708 6.493 5.375* 6.857 6.750 7.043

Unimportant 17 21 0 0 25 17 19 22 38 0 17 19

In the middle 8 10 12 0 0 4 4 4 12 12 8 0

Important 75 69 88 100 75 79 77 74 50 88 75 81

No opinion 1 1 0 12 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1






9.064 8.809 9.250 8.429 9.833 9.214 9.086 8.794 9.125 8.714 9.750 9.300

Unimportant 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

In the middle 4 6 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0

Important 96 93 100 100 100 97 98 97 100 100 100 100

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 12 0 0

5E Earning as much money as possible. 4.418 4.364 4.125 3.714 3.750 4.629 4.304 4.394 4.250 4.000 3.333 4.386

Unimportant 53 54 75 50 58 50 56 50 75 57 75 56

In the middle 12 15 0 0 8 16 9 12 0 14 0 9

Important 34 31 25 50 33 34 35 38 25 29 25 36

No opinion 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 12 0 0


8.711 8.397 9.125 8.000 9.417 8.914 8.947* 8.676* 9.125 9.000 9.583 9.129

Unimportant 2 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

In the middle 3 4 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 0

Important 95 93 100 100 100 96 97 97 100 100 100 99

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 12 0 0


7.701 7.221 7.250 7.500 7.917 8.015 7.560 7.206 6.875 8.000 7.833 7.809

Unimportant 8 10 12 14 8 6 8 9 25 0 17 6

In the middle 4 6 0 0 8 3 4 6 0 0 0 1

Important 88 84 88 86 83 91 88 85 75 100 83 93

No opinion 1 0 0 12 0 0 2 0 0 12 0 3

5H Making sure that no one is left out. 7.354 6.735 6.875 8.000 8.091 7.788 7.519 7.074 6.500 7.714 7.818 7.939

Unimportant 11 16 12 0 9 7 7 12 12 0 17 3

In the middle 7 10 0 0 9 4 5 6 25 0 0 1

Important 83 74 88 100 82 88 88 82 62 100 83 96

No opinion 3 0 0 12 8 3 1 0 0 0 0 3






3.708 4.176 4.250 2.714 2.583 3.176 3.222*** 3.515** 3.375 2.571 1.750 3.015

More equal 61 53 75 75 75 68 72 66 75 100 83 77

In the middle 12 12 0 12 17 13 9 13 0 0 8 4

Get rich 27 35 25 12 8 19 19 21 25 0 8 19

No opinion 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 12 0 0


2.785 3.279 3.625 2.333 1.750 2.314 2.570 3.191 2.500 2.167 0.917** 2.129

Help poor 81 74 75 100 92 86 86 79 100 100 100 90

In the middle 7 10 0 0 8 6 4 6 0 0 0 1

Low taxes 12 16 25 0 0 9 10 15 0 0 0 9

No opinion 1 0 0 25 0 0 1 0 0 12 0 0


3.464 3.821 5.000 2.857 3.417 2.926 4.293*** 4.731*** 4.000 4.571 4.000 3.765**

Disagree 72 67 57 86 83 79 56 46 75 62 50 67

In the middle 6 6 0 14 0 4 8 7 0 12 8 7

Agree 22 27 43 0 17 16 36 47 25 25 42 26





No opinion 3 1 12 12 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0


3.973 3.612 3.125 3.500 3.500 4.188 3.478*** 3.060** 2.875 2.750 3.667 3.594*

Disagree 58 64 88 50 58 54 67 75 75 88 58 65

In the middle 5 7 0 0 8 4 4 4 0 0 8 3

Agree 37 28 12 50 33 41 29 21 25 12 33 32

No opinion 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1


5.339 4.926 4.375 5.286 5.667 5.814 5.032 4.515 5.250 4.714 5.750 5.343

Disagree 42 49 50 43 33 34 43 51 38 38 25 40

In the middle 9 13 0 0 8 4 9 15 0 0 8 6

Agree 50 38 50 57 58 61 49 34 62 62 67 54

No opinion 1 0 0 12 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0


6.737 6.547 7.250 7.500 7.091 6.871 7.187** 7.172** 7.625 8.000 8.000 7.097

Disagree 14 17 0 0 27 11 8 6 0 0 8 10

In the middle 17 14 12 0 18 21 7 9 0 0 0 7

Agree 68 69 88 100 55 68 85 85 100 100 92 82

No opinion 7 6 0 0 8 10 3 0 0 0 0 4


4.878 5.061 5.375 5.250 4.727 4.603 4.922 5.076 4.375 6.000 3.364 4.971

Disagree 43 38 38 38 45 48 40 40 62 25 58 35

In the middle 6 8 0 0 0 7 10 9 0 0 8 13

Agree 52 55 62 62 55 45 50 51 38 75 33 52

No opinion 4 3 0 0 8 1 2 1 0 0 0 1






2.817 3.265 2.625 2.625 1.917 2.571 2.457** 2.368*** 2.625 2.500 1.750 2.557

Disagree 80 71 100 88 92 83 82 85 75 75 83 83

In the middle 4 4 0 0 0 4 4 3 12 0 0 4

Agree 17 25 0 12 8 13 14 12 12 25 17 13

No opinion 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0


5.223 4.985 4.500 4.375 6.000 5.257 5.348 5.500 6.250* 4.875 6.364 5.029

Disagree 42 44 62 50 36 43 43 43 38 62 25 47

In the middle 5 10 0 0 9 1 6 7 0 0 8 6

Agree 52 46 38 50 55 56 51 50 62 38 67 47

No opinion 2 0 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 0


7.328 7.269 6.625 8.000 7.300 7.348 8.000*** 7.985*** 8.250 8.625 8.700 7.864*

Disagree 7 6 12 0 10 6 3 3 0 0 17 3

In the middle 10 4 0 0 30 15 3 3 0 0 0 4

Agree 83 90 88 100 60 79 93 94 100 100 83 93

No opinion 4 0 0 0 17 3 3 1 0 0 0 4

9A They just don’t know enough. 5.000 4.627 4.286 4.714 5.182 5.477 4.847 4.403 4.286 5.429 6.182 5.062

Disagree 42 45 57 43 45 36 47 51 75 38 17 46

In the middle 10 12 0 14 0 9 5 6 0 0 8 3

Agree 49 43 43 43 55 55 48 43 25 62 75 51

No opinion 5 1 12 12 8 4 2 0 0 0 0 3


6.125 6.154 5.286 5.429 6.333 6.134 6.074 5.815 5.571 6.143 6.333 6.313

Disagree 20 21 29 29 17 21 22 26 29 12 17 20

In the middle 8 8 0 14 8 9 7 6 14 25 17 1





Agree 71 71 71 57 75 70 72 68 57 62 67 79

No opinion 5 3 12 12 0 4 3 3 12 0 0 0

9C They are not thinking clearly. 4.185 4.277 2.500 4.857 4.818 4.159 3.976 3.431** 3.167 4.286 4.636 4.540

Disagree 52 52 100 14 50 52 58 73 71 38 36 47

In the middle 16 18 0 29 17 14 11 9 14 25 18 10

Agree 32 30 0 57 33 34 31 18 14 38 45 43

No opinion 9 3 25 12 0 9 5 3 12 0 8 3


6.464 6.194 6.000 6.500 6.917 6.742 6.816* 6.373 7.143 6.750 7.500 6.970

Disagree 15 15 29 0 17 17 13 18 14 12 8 10

In the middle 8 12 0 25 8 5 10 13 0 12 8 6

Agree 77 73 71 75 75 79 78 69 86 75 83 84

No opinion 5 1 12 0 0 6 3 0 12 0 0 4


7.391 7.164 6.714 6.250 8.417 7.614 7.043* 6.731 5.857 6.125 8.083 7.486

Disagree 6 6 14 0 0 6 11 13 29 12 8 10

In the middle 7 9 0 12 8 7 9 13 0 12 0 3

Agree 87 85 86 88 92 87 80 74 71 75 92 87

No opinion 2 1 12 0 0 0 1 0 12 0 0 0


Issues by NCAA Membership



Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 178 n = 8 n = 188 n = 178 n = 8



4.192 4.121 5.250 4.538** 4.480** 5.500

Poorly 61 62 50 53 54 50


Well 29 28 50 38 37 50



5.785 5.802 5.250 6.448** 6.463** 6.125

Oppose 30 30 38 26 26 25


Favor 60 61 50 70 69 75



4.766 4.870 2.750 4.328* 4.407* 2.250

Oppose 45 44 50 57 56 62

In the middle 11 10 50 8 8 0

Favor 44 46 0 36 36 38





No opinion 31 30 50 3 3 0


7.256 7.356 5.167 7.551 7.671 4.833

Oppose 12 12 33 12 10 50

In the middle 10 10 17 8 9 0

Favor 77 79 50 80 82 50

No opinion 13 12 25 5 6 0


3.617 3.673 2.714 4.856*** 4.950*** 3.000

Oppose 68 67 86 48 47 62


Favor 25 26 14 43 44 25

No opinion 10 9 12 3 3 0


Oppose 59 58 86 61 60 86


Favor 36 38 14 36 36 14

No opinion 14 13 12 4 3 12


4.943 5.020 3.286 5.222 5.327 2.714

Oppose 51 50 71 44 44 62


Favor 43 44 29 49 49 25

No opinion 15 15 12 4 3 0






7.706 7.833 6.143 7.141*** 7.292*** 5.000

Oppose 11 10 29 17 15 38


Favor 87 88 71 77 79 50

No opinion 5 4 12 2 2 0


8.461 8.509 8.857 8.180* 8.249* 7.571

Oppose 4 4 0 4 3 12


Favor 93 93 100 93 94 75

No opinion 4 4 12 1 1 0


6.920 6.928 8.000 6.349** 6.488* 3.857*

Oppose 22 23 0 29 27 62


Favor 72 71 100 64 65 38

No opinion 6 6 12 1 1 0


8.353 8.366 8.143 6.810*** 6.863*** 6.429

Oppose 7 7 0 21 21 25


Favor 91 90 100 75 75 75

No opinion 2 1 12 1 1 0






7.311 7.333 7.167 7.377 7.384 8.333

Oppose 9 9 0 11 10 12


Favor 84 84 100 83 83 88

No opinion 9 8 25 2 2 0


6.389 6.344 7.500 6.090 6.056 8.000

Oppose 22 23 0 29 29 12


Favor 70 69 100 64 64 88

No opinion 9 8 25 3 3 0


6.066 6.091 6.333 4.153*** 4.154*** 5.000

Oppose 29 28 50 55 54 62


Favor 67 68 50 39 40 38

No opinion 2 1 25 1 1 0


6.047 6.105 5.857 5.333*** 5.407*** 4.429

Oppose 30 28 43 40 39 62


Favor 62 63 57 51 53 25





No opinion 7 7 12 2 2 0


2.153 2.102 2.875 2.102 2.018 3.750

Disagree 92 92 100 89 90 75


Agree 4 5 0 7 6 25



5.209 5.169 5.875 4.670** 4.610** 6.500

Disagree 40 41 25 49 51 12


Agree 53 52 62 42 41 75



2.941 2.943 2.750 1.584*** 1.589*** 1.625

Disagree 75 75 88 91 90 100


Agree 19 19 12 5 5 0



3.062 3.019 3.167 3.185 3.169 4.333

Disagree 75 75 83 77 78 50


Agree 18 18 0 18 17 38

No opinion 9 8 25 6 6 0






7.457 7.477 7.250 7.429 7.431 8.000

Disagree 8 7 12 11 11 12


Agree 85 85 88 82 82 88



5.488 5.415 6.714 5.240 5.161 6.571

Disagree 34 35 12 42 43 43

In the middle 7 6 12 11 11 0

Agree 59 58 75 47 47 57

No opinion 30 30 0 15 15 12


6.034 6.000 6.625 6.452** 6.391* 7.500

Disagree 27 28 12 18 19 0

In the middle 7 6 12 10 10 12

Agree 66 66 75 72 72 88

No opinion 19 19 0 9 9 0


7.527 7.617 5.667 7.439 7.539 5.167

Disagree 8 8 17 10 10 25


Agree 85 86 67 84 85 62

No opinion 19 18 25 8 8 0






6.618 6.720 5.125 6.271* 6.280** 5.625

Disagree 18 17 38 17 17 25

In the middle 9 8 12 12 12 0

Agree 73 75 50 70 70 75



4.605 4.599 4.250 4.347 4.389 2.875**

Disagree 50 51 50 58 57 75

In the middle 14 14 12 14 14 12

Agree 36 35 38 29 29 12

No opinion 9 10 0 3 3 0


8.793 8.798 8.875 8.729 8.708 9.125



Important 97 97 100 97 97 100


5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 7.966 9.125 7.583*** 7.548*** 7.875*



Important 93 93 100 92 92 100



Unimportant 17 16 38 19 18 38






Important 75 76 62 77 78 62



9.064 9.073 8.875 9.086 9.096 8.875



Important 96 96 100 98 98 100



Unimportant 53 55 12 56 57 25

In the middle 12 12 25 9 9 12

Important 34 33 62 35 34 62



8.711 8.706 8.750 8.947* 8.955* 8.750



Important 95 95 100 97 97 100



7.701 7.747 6.500 7.560 7.644 5.625



Important 88 89 75 88 90 50









Important 83 84 50 88 89 62



3.708 3.623 4.375 3.222*** 3.114*** 4.375

More equal 61 61 62 72 73 62

In the middle 12 12 12 9 10 0

Get rich 27 26 25 19 18 38



2.785 2.670 4.000 2.570 2.432 4.375

Help poor 81 82 75 86 89 50


Low taxes 12 10 25 10 8 38







3.464 3.419 4.250 4.293*** 4.273*** 4.375

Disagree 72 73 62 56 56 62


Agree 22 21 38 36 36 38



3.973 3.909 4.375 3.478*** 3.403*** 4.000

Disagree 58 60 38 67 69 50


Agree 37 35 62 29 27 50



5.339 5.356 5.000 5.032 5.006* 5.625

Disagree 42 41 50 43 44 25


Agree 50 50 50 49 48 62



6.737 6.773 6.143 7.187** 7.215** 6.857

Disagree 14 13 29 8 8 12

In the middle 17 16 29 7 7 0

Agree 68 70 43 85 85 88

No opinion 7 7 12 3 2 0


4.878 4.901 4.250 4.922 4.953 4.250

Disagree 43 42 62 40 40 50






Agree 52 52 38 50 52 25



2.817 2.814 2.625 2.457** 2.435** 2.625

Disagree 80 80 75 82 83 75


Agree 17 17 12 14 13 25



5.223 5.211 5.375 5.348 5.303 6.250

Disagree 42 42 38 43 44 38


Agree 52 52 62 51 50 62



7.328 7.339 7.500 8.000*** 8.012*** 8.000


In the middle 10 11 0 3 3 12

Agree 83 84 100 93 94 88



Disagree 42 42 33 47 46 62

In the middle 10 10 0 5 5 12

Agree 49 48 67 48 49 25

No opinion 5 4 25 2 1 0






6.125 6.112 6.500 6.074 6.101 6.000

Disagree 20 20 17 22 21 38


Agree 71 71 67 72 72 62

No opinion 5 4 25 3 2 0


Disagree 52 53 40 58 58 50

In the middle 16 15 20 11 11 12

Agree 32 32 40 31 31 38

No opinion 9 7 38 5 4 0


6.464 6.471 6.000 6.816* 6.824* 6.571

Disagree 15 15 14 13 13 12


Agree 77 77 86 78 78 62

No opinion 5 4 12 3 3 0


7.391 7.420 6.857 7.043* 7.062* 6.714

Disagree 6 6 0 11 11 12


Agree 87 87 86 80 80 75

No opinion 2 1 12 1 1 0


Issues by Greek Life Membership



Participants

at T1 Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 153 n = 30 n = 188 n = 153 n = 30



4.192 4.027 4.867 4.538** 4.500*** 4.600

Poorly 61 66 40 53 55 50

In the middle 10 10 10 9 9 7

Well 29 24 50 38 37 43



5.785 5.732 5.931 6.448** 6.428** 6.448

Oppose 30 31 28 26 26 27


Favor 60 59 69 70 68 73



4.766 4.943 4.136 4.328* 4.467 3.727

Oppose 45 42 55 57 55 62


Favor 44 48 27 36 38 31





No opinion 31 31 27 3 3 3


7.256 7.364 6.913 7.551 7.597 7.435

Oppose 12 11 20 12 12 11

In the middle 10 10 8 8 8 11

Favor 77 79 72 80 81 79

No opinion 13 12 17 5 5 7


3.617 3.584 4.000 4.856*** 5.036*** 4.259

Oppose 68 68 63 48 46 57


Favor 25 26 26 43 45 37

No opinion 10 9 10 3 3 0


Oppose 59 51 90 61 54 90


Favor 36 45 3 36 41 10

No opinion 14 16 0 4 5 0


4.943 5.548 2.633 5.222 5.935 2.467

Oppose 51 43 80 44 36 80


Favor 43 51 17 49 56 13

No opinion 15 18 0 4 4 0






7.706 7.897 7.107 7.141*** 7.207*** 7.214

Oppose 11 11 10 17 16 14


Favor 87 88 86 77 78 82



8.461 8.588 8.308 8.180* 8.284* 8.000

Oppose 4 5 0 4 3 10


Favor 93 93 92 93 95 87

No opinion 4 2 13 1 1 0


6.920 6.965 7.269 6.349** 6.361* 6.615

Oppose 22 23 12 29 29 27


Favor 72 72 81 64 64 67

No opinion 6 5 13 1 1 0


8.353 8.523 7.567 6.810*** 6.987*** 6.100**

Oppose 7 7 7 21 20 27


Favor 91 92 83 75 75 73







7.311 7.265 7.769 7.377 7.426 7.500

Oppose 9 9 8 11 11 7


Favor 84 83 92 83 83 87

No opinion 9 8 13 2 3 0


6.389 6.225 7.440 6.090 6.014 6.920

Oppose 22 24 12 29 29 25


Favor 70 67 88 64 64 71

No opinion 9 8 13 3 2 7


6.066 6.153 5.929 4.153*** 4.187*** 4.107**

Oppose 29 28 29 55 54 57


Favor 67 68 71 39 39 40



6.047 6.077 6.208 5.333*** 5.336** 5.625

Oppose 30 30 27 40 40 39


Favor 62 64 58 51 52 50





No opinion 7 5 13 2 1 7


2.153 2.111 2.333 2.102 2.021 2.556

Disagree 92 92 96 89 90 86


Agree 4 5 4 7 6 10

No opinion 5 4 10 3 3 3


5.209 5.306 4.733 4.670** 4.694** 4.600

Disagree 40 39 43 49 48 53


Agree 53 55 43 42 43 40



2.941 3.013 2.333 1.584*** 1.553*** 1.700

Disagree 75 74 87 91 91 90


Agree 19 21 7 5 5 7



3.062 2.947 3.296 3.185 3.144 3.444

Disagree 75 76 71 77 76 79


Agree 18 17 18 18 17 17







7.457 7.427 7.517 7.429 7.480 7.241

Disagree 8 7 10 11 9 20


Agree 85 85 86 82 83 80



5.488 5.011 6.900 5.240 4.602 7.167

Disagree 34 40 17 42 51 13


Agree 59 54 77 47 40 77

No opinion 30 35 0 15 18 0


6.034 5.389 8.333 6.452** 5.858* 8.567

Disagree 27 33 7 18 21 3


Agree 66 59 93 72 67 93

No opinion 19 22 0 9 10 0


7.527 7.948 6.100 7.439 8.009 5.400*

Disagree 8 6 17 10 7 27


Agree 85 89 73 84 89 63

No opinion 19 22 0 8 8 0






6.618 6.734 6.071 6.271* 6.309* 5.929

Disagree 18 17 21 17 17 21

In the middle 9 8 11 12 12 10

Agree 73 74 68 70 71 69



4.605 4.544 4.692 4.347 4.287 4.346

Disagree 50 52 46 58 59 55

In the middle 14 14 12 14 15 10

Agree 36 34 42 29 26 34

No opinion 9 8 13 3 3 3


8.793 8.908 8.333 8.729 8.830 8.267



Important 97 97 97 97 97 97


5B Making one’s own choices. 8.016 8.020 8.033 7.583*** 7.566*** 7.467*



Important 93 93 93 92 91 97



Unimportant 17 15 23 19 18 20






Important 75 79 60 77 78 77



9.064 9.053 9.333 9.086 9.092 9.133



Important 96 95 97 98 99 97



Unimportant 53 53 57 56 56 52

In the middle 12 11 13 9 9 10

Important 34 36 30 35 34 38



8.711 8.691 8.933 8.947* 8.941* 9.100



Important 95 95 97 97 97 97



7.701 7.745 7.400 7.560 7.577 7.533



Important 88 88 87 88 87 90









Important 83 86 70 88 89 80



3.708 3.487 4.433 3.222*** 3.047*** 3.667*

More equal 61 66 43 72 74 70

In the middle 12 12 10 9 9 7

Get rich 27 23 47 19 18 23



2.785 2.675 2.933 2.570 2.397 3.000

Help poor 81 81 87 86 88 83


Low taxes 12 11 10 10 8 17







3.464 3.446 3.586 4.293*** 4.209*** 4.621***

Disagree 72 73 67 56 58 52


Agree 22 21 30 36 35 41



3.973 3.914 4.167 3.478*** 3.318*** 4.100

Disagree 58 59 57 67 70 53


Agree 37 36 43 29 26 43



5.339 5.296 5.700 5.032 4.974 5.200

Disagree 42 42 37 43 44 40


Agree 50 50 53 49 48 53



6.737 6.752 6.885 7.187** 7.106* 7.654*

Disagree 14 13 15 8 9 0

In the middle 17 16 19 7 7 3

Agree 68 70 67 85 83 97

No opinion 7 7 10 3 2 3


4.878 4.904 4.833 4.922 4.911 5.067

Disagree 43 41 47 40 40 37






Agree 52 53 50 50 51 50



2.817 2.842 2.633 2.457** 2.493* 2.267

Disagree 80 79 83 82 82 87


Agree 17 17 17 14 14 13



5.223 5.147 5.667 5.348 5.247 5.867

Disagree 42 42 40 43 46 30


Agree 52 52 57 51 48 63



7.328 7.306 7.655 8.000*** 7.938*** 8.345*



Agree 83 82 97 93 93 97



Disagree 42 40 48 47 49 37


Agree 49 50 45 48 46 57







6.125 6.194 5.750 6.074 6.167 5.679

Disagree 20 20 25 22 20 31


Agree 71 71 68 72 73 69



Disagree 52 51 57 58 55 69

In the middle 16 17 7 11 12 7

Agree 32 32 36 31 32 24



6.464 6.473 6.345 6.816* 6.781 6.931*

Disagree 15 16 14 13 14 7

In the middle 8 8 3 10 10 10

Agree 77 76 83 78 76 83



7.391 7.497 6.966 7.043* 7.099** 6.793

Disagree 6 4 14 11 12 10


Agree 87 88 83 80 82 73



Evaluations Overall

Percentages reported for “No opinion” are raw percentages. Percentages reported for all other categories are valid percentages.

Legend T Total

Participants

at T2

n = 188

Number Question T

E1 The small group discussions 7.888

A waste of time 5

In the middle 4

Valuable 90

No opinion 1

E2 The briefing materials 6.694

A waste of time 15

In the middle 6

Valuable 79

No opinion 4

E3 The plenary session 5.516

A waste of time 35

In the middle 9

Valuable 56

No opinion 1

E4 The event as a whole 7.154

A waste of time 9

In the middle 7

Valuable 85

No opinion 0


Evaluations Overall


Number Question T

E5 The discussion platform provided the opportunity for everyone to participate in the discussion.

8.176

Disagree 7

Neither agree nor disagree 1

Agree 92

No opinion 0

E6 The members of my group participated relatively equally in the discussions.

5.699

Disagree 37


Agree 59

No opinion 1

E7 The discussion platform sometimes tried to influence the group with his or her own views.

3.404

Disagree 69


Agree 20

No opinion 9

E8 The discussion platform tried to make sure that opposing arguments were considered.

6.324

Disagree 19


Agree 72

No opinion 5

E9 The important aspects of the issues were covered in the group discussions.

7.220


Evaluations Overall


Number Question T

Disagree 8


Agree 87

No opinion 1

E10 I learned a lot about people very different from me - about what they and their lives are like.

5.707

Disagree 34


Agree 62

No opinion 4


Evaluations by Gender


Legend T Total 1 1 2 2 3 3

Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 3 n = 100 n = 82

Number Question T 1 2 3

E1 The small group discussions 7.888 7.333 8.040 7.728

A waste of time 5 0 6 5

In the middle 4 0 2 7

Valuable 90 100 92 88

No opinion 1 0 0 1

E2 The briefing materials 6.694 6.667 6.600 6.772



Valuable 79 100 77 80

No opinion 4 0 5 4

E3 The plenary session 5.516 6.000 5.830 5.088



Valuable 56 67 64 45

No opinion 1 0 0 2

E4 The event as a whole 7.154 6.667 7.190 7.122






Participants at T2

n = 188 n = 3 n = 100 n = 82



No opinion 0 0 0 0


8.176 6.333 8.240 8.183

Disagree 7 33 7 7

Neither agree nor disagree 1 0 0 1

Agree 92 67 93 91

No opinion 0 0 0 0


5.699 5.333 5.919 5.383

Disagree 37 67 36 38


Agree 59 33 62 56

No opinion 1 0 1 1


3.404 3.000 3.330 3.440

Disagree 69 100 69 69


Agree 20 0 19 21

No opinion 9 33 9 9


6.324 5.333 6.309 6.380

Disagree 19 0 20 19




Participants at T2

n = 188 n = 3 n = 100 n = 82



Agree 72 33 71 73

No opinion 5 0 6 4


7.220 7.000 7.303 7.086

Disagree 8 0 6 11


Agree 87 67 89 84

No opinion 1 0 1 1


5.707 3.667 5.773 5.654



Agree 62 33 61 63

No opinion 4 0 3 5


Evaluations by Transgender



Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 180 n = 4

Number Question T 1 2

E1 The small group discussions 7.888 7.939 7.250

A waste of time 5 4 25

In the middle 4 4 0

Valuable 90 91 75

No opinion 1 1 0

E2 The briefing materials 6.694 6.686 6.000


In the middle 6 6 0

Valuable 79 78 75

No opinion 4 4 0

E3 The plenary session 5.516 5.551 5.250


In the middle 9 10 0

Valuable 56 56 50

No opinion 1 1 0

E4 The event as a whole 7.154 7.189 6.500



Valuable 85 86 50




Participants at T2

n = 188 n = 180 n = 4


No opinion 0 0 0


8.176 8.267 6.250

Disagree 7 6 25

Neither agree nor disagree 1 1 0

Agree 92 93 75

No opinion 0 0 0


5.699 5.713 5.000

Disagree 37 37 50


Agree 59 60 50

No opinion 1 1 0


3.404 3.372 2.667

Disagree 69 70 100


Agree 20 20 0

No opinion 9 9 25


6.324 6.345 5.750

Disagree 19 19 25





Participants at T2

n = 188 n = 180 n = 4


Agree 72 73 50

No opinion 5 5 0


7.220 7.185 8.500

Disagree 8 8 0


Agree 87 87 100

No opinion 1 1 0


5.707 5.723 5.000

Disagree 34 34 25


Agree 62 61 75

No opinion 4 4 0


Evaluations by Sexual Identity


Legend T Total 1 Asexual 2 Bisexual/pansexual 3 Heterosexual 4 Homosexual 5 Queer

Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 2 n = 29 n = 118 n = 19 n = 6

Number Question T 1 2 3 4 5

E1 The small group discussions 7.888 6.000 7.966 7.761 8.211 8.333

A waste of time 5 50 3 6 5 0


Valuable 90 50 90 89 95 100


E2 The briefing materials 6.694 5.500 6.214 6.759 6.842 7.833

A waste of time 15 0 21 14 16 0

In the middle 6 50 11 4 0 17

Valuable 79 50 68 81 84 83


E3 The plenary session 5.516 5.500 5.793 5.448 5.632 6.167

A waste of time 35 0 28 39 37 17

In the middle 9 50 10 8 0 33

Valuable 56 50 62 53 63 50


E4 The event as a whole 7.154 6.000 7.241 7.136 7.263 7.167







Valuable 85 50 83 86 79 83



8.176 4.500 8.310 8.127 8.895 8.000

Disagree 7 50 10 7 5 0

Neither agree nor disagree 1 0 0 1 0 0

Agree 92 50 90 92 95 100



5.699 4.000 5.500 5.821 5.684 4.833

Disagree 37 50 54 32 37 50


Agree 59 50 46 62 63 50



3.404 6.500 3.000 3.577 2.471 5.600

Disagree 69 0 82 66 88 40


Agree 20 100 9 22 12 40

No opinion 9 0 24 6 11 17


6.324 3.500 6.370 6.487 6.118 6.333

Disagree 19 50 11 18 29 17






Agree 72 50 74 73 65 83

No opinion 5 0 7 4 11 0


7.220 4.500 7.517 6.974 7.632 8.167

Disagree 8 50 0 11 5 0


Agree 87 50 90 83 95 100



5.707 2.000 6.138 5.850 4.895 4.833

Disagree 34 100 24 34 42 33


Agree 62 0 72 61 58 67

No opinion 4 50 0 4 0 0


Evaluations by Class Year

Percentages reported for “No opinion” are raw percentages.

Legend T Total 1 2020 2 2021 3 2022 4 2023

Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 32 n = 47 n = 48 n = 59

Number Question T 1 2 3 4

E1 The small group discussions 7.888 8.250 7.787 7.938 7.707

A waste of time 5 0 4 8 7

In the middle 4 3 11 2 2

Valuable 90 97 85 90 91

No opinion 1 0 0 0 2

E2 The briefing materials 6.694 6.742 6.289 6.674 6.982



Valuable 79 81 69 80 84


E3 The plenary session 5.516 5.875 5.340 4.750 6.088



Valuable 56 62 53 48 61


E4 The event as a whole 7.154 7.219 7.128 6.917 7.254







Valuable 85 81 87 85 83



8.176 7.938 7.957 8.271 8.339

Disagree 7 12 11 4 5

Neither agree nor disagree 1 0 0 2 0

Agree 92 88 89 94 95



5.699 5.781 5.457 5.875 5.793

Disagree 37 31 39 35 38


Agree 59 66 54 62 59



3.404 3.433 3.295 3.244 3.615

Disagree 69 67 70 69 69


Agree 20 20 20 20 19



6.324 6.034 6.261 6.152 6.661

Disagree 19 24 22 17 16


Agree 72 72 67 70 77







7.220 7.469 7.065 7.333 7.034

Disagree 8 6 13 4 9


Agree 87 94 83 92 81



5.707 5.219 5.476 5.745 6.155

Disagree 34 44 36 32 28


Agree 62 56 60 66 64



Evaluations by Financial Aid



Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 68 n = 109




In the middle 4 6 3

Valuable 90 85 94

No opinion 1 1 0



In the middle 6 3 6

Valuable 79 74 83

No opinion 4 4 4




Valuable 56 49 61

No opinion 1 1 1



In the middle 7 7 6





Valuable 85 84 85

No opinion 0 0 0


8.176 8.029 8.358

Disagree 7 9 7


Agree 92 91 93

No opinion 0 0 0


5.699 5.239 6.130

Disagree 37 43 32


Agree 59 55 65

No opinion 1 1 1


3.404 3.692 3.302

Disagree 69 63 73


Agree 20 22 19

No opinion 9 4 12


6.324 6.123 6.544

Disagree 19 23 17


Agree 72 69 76

No opinion 5 4 6






7.220 6.970 7.440

Disagree 8 10 7


Agree 87 87 88

No opinion 1 1 0


5.707 5.507 5.838

Disagree 34 34 34


Agree 62 61 63

No opinion 4 1 4


Evaluations by Financial Aid Breakdown


Legend T Total 1 None 2 0-25% 3 25-50% 4 50-75% 5 75-100%

Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 68 n = 8 n = 8 n = 12 n = 70


E1 The small group discussions 7.888 7.627 8.625 8.125 8.583 7.929



Valuable 90 85 100 100 92 91


E2 The briefing materials 6.694 6.354 6.875 6.000 7.636 6.881

A waste of time 15 23 25 25 0 9


Valuable 79 74 75 75 91 84


E3 The plenary session 5.516 5.090 5.500 5.500 4.750 5.797

A waste of time 35 40 38 38 58 30


Valuable 56 49 62 62 42 61


E4 The event as a whole 7.154 6.956 7.625 6.875 7.750 7.171







Valuable 85 84 100 75 75 84



8.176 8.029 9.500 7.375 8.833 8.157

Disagree 7 9 0 12 8 9


Agree 92 91 100 88 92 91



5.699 5.239 7.000 6.625 6.833 5.754

Disagree 37 43 25 12 25 39


Agree 59 55 75 88 67 58



3.404 3.692 3.000 4.000 2.222 3.328

Disagree 69 63 86 57 89 73


Agree 20 22 0 43 11 19

No opinion 9 4 12 12 25 9


6.324 6.123 6.125 6.429 6.833 6.507

Disagree 19 23 38 14 17 16






Agree 72 69 62 71 75 76

No opinion 5 4 0 12 0 4


7.220 6.970 8.625 7.875 8.167 7.057

Disagree 8 10 0 0 0 11


Agree 87 87 100 100 100 81



5.707 5.507 6.143 6.750 5.583 5.612

Disagree 34 34 29 25 42 37


Agree 62 61 71 75 58 58

No opinion 4 1 12 0 0 4


Evaluations by NCAA Membership


Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 178 n = 8




In the middle 4 5 0

Valuable 90 90 100

No opinion 1 1 0



In the middle 6 6 0

Valuable 79 78 88

No opinion 4 4 0



In the middle 9 9 0

Valuable 56 55 75

No opinion 1 1 0









Valuable 85 84 88

No opinion 0 0 0


8.176 8.140 9.125

Disagree 7 8 0


Agree 92 92 100

No opinion 0 0 0


5.699 5.676 5.875

Disagree 37 38 38


Agree 59 59 62

No opinion 1 1 0


3.404 3.380 3.000

Disagree 69 69 83


Agree 20 19 17

No opinion 9 8 25


6.324 6.302 6.625

Disagree 19 20 12


Agree 72 71 75

No opinion 5 5 0






7.220 7.188 8.000

Disagree 8 9 0


Agree 87 86 100

No opinion 1 1 0


5.707 5.690 5.750

Disagree 34 33 50


Agree 62 62 50

No opinion 4 4 0


Evaluations by Greek Life Membership



Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 153 n = 30




In the middle 4 4 7

Valuable 90 91 87

No opinion 1 1 0



In the middle 6 7 3

Valuable 79 78 79

No opinion 4 4 3




Valuable 56 56 53

No opinion 1 1 0



In the middle 7 8 0





Valuable 85 82 93

No opinion 0 0 0


8.176 8.183 8.267

Disagree 7 8 3


Agree 92 91 97

No opinion 0 0 0


5.699 5.722 5.567

Disagree 37 37 37


Agree 59 59 60

No opinion 1 1 0


3.404 3.396 3.296

Disagree 69 68 74


Agree 20 19 19

No opinion 9 9 10


6.324 6.226 6.679

Disagree 19 21 11


Agree 72 68 86

No opinion 5 5 7






7.220 7.245 7.233

Disagree 8 8 10


Agree 87 86 90

No opinion 1 1 0


5.707 5.777 5.241

Disagree 34 32 45


Agree 62 62 55

No opinion 4 3 3


Evaluations by Race and Ethnicity


Legend T Total 1 American Indian or Alaska Native 2 Asian; Far East, Southeast Asia, Indian 3 Black; African American 4 Hispanic or Latino 5 Multiracial 6 White; European, Middle Eastern, North African

Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 1 n = 75 n = 20 n = 18 n = 12 n = 55

Number Question T 1 2 3 4 5 6

E1 The small group discussions 7.888 7.000 7.892 8.450 7.833 8.167 7.691

A waste of time 5 0 4 5 11 0 7

In the middle 4 0 4 0 0 0 7

Valuable 90 100 92 95 89 100 85

No opinion 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

E2 The briefing materials 6.694 8.000 6.658 7.526 7.562 6.250 6.192

A waste of time 15 0 12 11 0 25 23

In the middle 6 0 5 0 6 8 8

Valuable 79 100 82 89 94 67 69

No opinion 4 0 3 5 11 0 5

E3 The plenary session 5.516 4.000 5.452 6.750 5.111 5.417 5.200

A waste of time 35 100 34 15 44 25 44

In the middle 9 0 15 10 0 25 2

Valuable 56 0 51 75 56 50 55

No opinion 1 0 3 0 0 0 0

E4 The event as a whole 7.154 6.000 6.973 7.800 7.000 7.333 7.200





A waste of time 9 0 8 5 11 8 9

In the middle 7 0 12 0 0 8 5

Valuable 85 100 80 95 89 83 85

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


8.176 7.000 8.187 8.150 8.222 8.917 8.218

Disagree 7 0 5 15 6 0 7

Neither agree nor disagree 1 0 0 0 0 0 2

Agree 92 100 95 85 94 100 91

No opinion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


5.699 1.000 5.945 5.950 5.722 5.833 5.400

Disagree 37 100 36 30 39 33 40


Agree 59 0 62 65 56 67 55

No opinion 1 0 3 0 0 0 0


3.404 NaN 4.125 2.176 3.000 1.636 3.160

Disagree 69 NaN 61 88 71 82 74

Neither agree nor disagree 11 NaN 15 6 7 9 6

Agree 20 NaN 24 6 21 9 20

No opinion 9 100 4 15 22 8 9


6.324 6.000 6.286 6.947 6.438 6.667 6.056

Disagree 19 0 20 11 19 8 22






Agree 72 100 70 84 75 83 67

No opinion 5 0 7 5 11 0 2


7.220 6.000 7.162 7.800 7.056 7.583 7.127

Disagree 8 0 7 5 11 0 13


Agree 87 100 85 95 89 92 85

No opinion 1 0 1 0 0 0 0


5.707 4.000 6.099 5.579 6.294 5.583 5.127

Disagree 34 100 25 32 24 42 45


Agree 62 0 70 53 76 58 53

No opinion 4 0 5 5 6 0 0


Evaluations by Political Affiliation


Legend T Total 1 Democrat 2 Independent 3 Republican

Participants

at T2

n = 188 n = 109 n = 40 n = 4


E1 The small group discussions 7.888 8.101 7.744 7.250




No opinion 1 0 2 0

E2 The briefing materials 6.694 6.755 6.351 5.333




No opinion 4 3 8 25

E3 The plenary session 5.516 5.284 5.795 4.750




No opinion 1 0 2 0

E4 The event as a whole 7.154 7.101 7.350 6.000








No opinion 0 0 0 0


8.176 8.248 8.175 6.000

Disagree 7 7 5 25


Agree 92 93 95 50

No opinion 0 0 0 0


5.699 5.897 5.625 5.500



Agree 59 64 57 50

No opinion 1 2 0 0


3.404 3.082 4.026 4.500



Agree 20 19 29 25

No opinion 9 10 5 0


6.324 6.423 6.324 4.250



Agree 72 77 70 25

No opinion 5 5 8 0






7.220 7.398 6.846 6.000

Disagree 8 4 15 25


Agree 87 94 79 50

No opinion 1 1 2 0


5.707 5.419 6.649 5.750



Agree 62 55 78 50

No opinion 4 4 8 0

Demographics by Participation - cdd.stanford.edu...Results produced by the Center for Deliberative...

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