DEF 101

In 2010 the Environmental Protection Agency, OEMs, and many trucking fleets committed themselves to a cleaner environment by reducing NOx emissions. To reduce NOx emissions, most new trucks are equipped with a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system.

The SCR technology requires the use ofDiesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF).

EPA Emission Requirements:

The Challenge Facing Heavy Duty OEMs For

2010:

Further Reduction Of Oxides Of Nitrogen

(NOx)

EPA Emission Requirements:

PM (g/hp-hr)

What is SCR Technology?

SCR is an acronym for Selective Catalytic Reduction. It is a catalyst installed on the exhaust system of a diesel truck. It sprays DEF into the exhaust stream to mix with exhaust gases to convert to nitrogen and water.

Exited The On-Road Market

OEM Position

Less HeatRejection

Higher EngineNOx Levels

Less ActiveRegenerations =+ +

The Benefit Of SCR Technology

* Compared To Same 2007 Engine

EPA Standards Are Not Limited To On-Road Applications

• 2010 On-Road Diesel Engines

• 2014 Off-Road Equipment

• 2014 Largest C2 Marine

• 2015 Locomotives

• 2016 C3 Ocean Going Vessels

• 2017 C1 Marine

EPA Standards For Off- Road Equipment: 2014

• SCR Technology Is Widely Used Today In The Ag Market

• Why? Fuel Economy Improvement Of 10% Or More

Opportunity:

What is Diesel Exhaust Fluid?

• 32.5% High Purity Synthetic Automotive Grade Urea

• 67.5% Deionized water

• Meets ISO-22241 Quality Standard

Diesel Exhaust Fluid is the mixture of highpurity synthetic automotive grade urea and deionized water that is used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems on diesel engines.

What is Diesel Exhaust Fluid?

DEF is NOT a diesel additive.

DEF is injected into the exhaust stream via a controlled dosing module where the water vaporizes leaving ammonia molecules free to travel into the catalytic converter where it reacts and neutralizes the NOx molecules, converting it to nitrogen and water.

What Is Urea?Urea Is A Nitrogen Compound With Many Commercial Uses:

• Fertilizer

• Animal Feed Supplement

• Production Of Adhesives And Resins

SCR Systems Use A High Quality Urea

• Currently Used In SCR Systems In The Stationary Power Generation

Urea Water

+ =

Mixing

?

Liquid Fertilizer

Formaldehyde-Free,Low Biuret Urea Deionized Water

+ =

Mixing

?

32.5% 67.5%

DEF

The Difference Between Fertilizer

And DEF …

QUALITY DEF

DEF Quality Standards

SCR systems are sensitive to potential chemicalimpurities in the urea solution. Therefore, it is essential to maintain high standards of diesel exhaust fluid quality and ISO standard 22241 is in place to insure fluid quality. DEF is manufactured in accordance to these strict standards giving you the peace of mind you need using it in your SCR System.

Warranty Info

• Product is guaranteed to meet ISO 22241 specifications

• API Certified

ISO Certification

ISO Standard 22241

1. Quality Requirements

2. Test Methods

3. Handling, Transportation & Storing

4. Refilling Interface

BlueDEF® Quality Standards

Meets ISO Standards 22241 For Purity And Composition

Licensed

And

DEF

Diesel Exhaust Fluid

• Non-Hazardous

• Non-Toxic

• Non-Flammable

• Non-Explosive

• Classified Minimum Risk For Transportation

DEF Characteristics

• Weighs 9.1 lbs per gallon

– Heavier than Petroleum Products

– Bulk Load = 5,000 gallons

• Will freeze below 12° F – not affected by freeze / thaw

• Crystallization

• “Creeping” or “Leaching”

• Between 40° F and 80° F is recommended to maintain shelf life.

• Above 12° F is recommended to avoid crystallization, which starts at 11° F.

• Prolonged storage above 86° F will cause hydrolysis to occur, with the consequent formation of ammonia and pressure rise, and will reduce shelf life.

DEF Shelf Life – Storage Temperature

At 80°F DEF has a shelf life of 1 YEAR!

DEF Shelf Life at Constant Temperature

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Mon

ths 36

Months

60°F avg.

temp

12Months

80°F avg. temp

3 months

100°F avg. temp

1.5 months

120°F avg. temp

3 Important Factors About Diesel Exhaust Fluid

• Quality Of DEF Is Critical To Vehicle Performance

• Informing Market About DEF Purity Is A Must

• It Needs To Be Stored And Handled Properly To Maintain The Quality

Impact Of Impurities In DEF when mixed with tap water or Ag Urea

Impact Of Aldehydes, Hard Water, And Insolubles

Exhaust Pipe

Clogged DEF Injector

Clogged Catalyst

Will Contaminate 5,000 Gallons Of DEF

Just How Important Is Maintaining DEF Purity?

One Teaspoon Of Salt …

Diesel Exhaust Fluid Handling

• Product integrity is critical.

• Stored in chemical equipment, not petroleum equipment.

• All wetted materials should be DEF compatible materials.

– Tanks

– Piping

– Hoses

– Nozzles

– Fittings

– Seals

Diesel Exhaust Fluid Material Compatibility

RECOMMENDED Plastics

(polyethylene, PVC??)Rubber

Stainless Steel (304 & 316)

NOT RECOMMENDEDCarbon steel

IronZinc

Nickel Aluminum

CopperFiberglass

Epoxy ResinsBrass

+ =

Storage And Handling

Carbon Steel TankWith Brass Valves

?DEF

Really Expensive Liquid Fertilizer

• 1 Gallon - 4 Bottles per Case

• 2.5 Gallon – 1 Bottle Per Case

• 55 Gallon Drum

• 275 Gallon Tote

• 330 Gallon Tote

• Bulk

Product Sizes

• Some DEF 55 gallon drums are equipped with a plastic EPV valve and down tube.

• To connect a dispensing system to the drum valve, a drum dispense coupler is required.

DEF 55 Gallon Drum

• Some DEF 275 gallon and 330 gallon totes are equipped with a stainless steel RSV valve and down tube.

• To connect a dispensing system to the tote valve, a tote dispense coupler is required.

DEF Totes

• Truckload Quantities

• Railcars

Bulk Shipments

Maintaining DEF Quality

• Quality is Assured -Batch Testing with Every Blend• Reduction in the Quality of DEF = Damaged SCR System• SCR System Replacement = $8,000 to $12,000• Utilizing Proper Equipment Throughout Distribution will

– Protect DEF Integrity– Avoid Equipment Failure

DEDICATED EQUIPMENT REQUIRED!

Crystallization and Creeping

Issue: Seals were not designed to contain DEF

THANK YOU