Olfaction · Decline in olfactory sensitivity. Signal transduction Quelle: Kleene + Gesteland...
Transcript of Olfaction · Decline in olfactory sensitivity. Signal transduction Quelle: Kleene + Gesteland...
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Signal transduction WS 09/10
Olfaction
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Signal transduction
Emotions and behaviour
memory
orientation in environment
quality ofnutrients / food
social behaviour
choosing a partner
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Signal transduction
Axel, R. (1995) Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Dezember 1995
Olfaction
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OlfactionSignal transduction
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Signal transduction
Olfactory thesholds
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Signal transduction
Decline in olfactory sensitivity
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Signal transduction
Quelle: Kleene + Gesteland (1981) Brain Res. 229: 536
olfactory neuron
supportingcell
olfactoryepitheliumbasal
cell
Anholt, R.R (1987) Trends in Biochemical Science 12, 58ff
The olfactory epithelium
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Signaltransduktion
olfactory neuron
supportingcell
Anholt, R.R (1987) Trends in Biochemical Science 12, 58ff
mammals5 - 120 million
olfactory neurons
humansapprox. 10 million
life timeapprox. 4 – 8 weeks
basalcell
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Signal transduction
c = ciliafunction: detect odorants; chemo-electrical signal transduction
s = somafunction: energy production,protein biosynthesis
a = axonfunction: generate and conductaction potentials
d = dendrite
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Signal transduction
Odorants excite olfactory neurons
depolarisation
odorant
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Signal transduction
depolarisation hyperpolarisation
Duftstoff
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Signal transduction
Signal transduction
in olfaction
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Signal transduction
receptorsspecificty
sensitivityenzyme cascade
electrical responseion channel(s)
Olfaction
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Signal transduction
odorantreceptor
Olfaction
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Signal transduction
G-protein: Golf
Olfaction
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Signal transduction
Adenylyl cyclase
Olfaction
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Signal transduction
CNG channel
Olfaction
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Signal transduction
amplification
Cl- channel
Olfaction
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Is the signalling cascade
supported by
chloride efflux?
Signal transduction
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OlfactionSignal transduction
Ion distribution (vertebrate)
outside inside
Na+ 140 mM 3-30 mMK+ 5 mM 140 mMCa2+ 2 mM < 1 µMMg2+ 2 mM einige mM Cl- 140 mM 10 mM
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OlfactionSignal transduction
high [Cl-] in the neuron
⇒ amplification
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Signal transduction
Properties of the
molecular components
of the signalling cascade
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