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    An Introduction to DialecticalAn Introduction to DialecticalBehavior TherapyBehavior Therapy

    MindfulnessMindfulness

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    General OverviewGeneral Overview

    A brief overview and definition MindfulnessA brief overview and definition Mindfulness OriginsOrigins-- DBTDBT ResearchResearch DialecticsDialectics

    Presentation goalsPresentation goals Wise MindWise Mind

    DefinitionsDefinitionsActivityActivityApplicationsApplications

    MindfulnessMindfulness MindfulnessMindfulness Definitions/ How to use itDefinitions/ How to use it PracticePractice

    ResourcesResources

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    What is Mindfulness?What is Mindfulness?

    Mindfulness is one aspect of DialecticalMindfulness is one aspect of DialecticalBehavior therapy. Normally I would giveBehavior therapy. Normally I would give

    more time and attention to this theorymore time and attention to this theorysince it is the foundation andsince it is the foundation andunderstanding the whole can make a partunderstanding the whole can make a partmore meaningful. However, due to timemore meaningful. However, due to time

    and purpose the explanation will be briefand purpose the explanation will be briefand resources provided for those of youand resources provided for those of youinterested in more information.interested in more information.

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    A little about DBT . . .A little about DBT . . .

    DBT is a combination of Cognitive Behavior Therapy andDBT is a combination of Cognitive Behavior Therapy andEastern meditative practices.Eastern meditative practices.

    Seven wellSeven well--controlled randomized clinical trials with varyingcontrolled randomized clinical trials with varying

    research teams have established DBT as a valid andresearch teams have established DBT as a valid andeffective treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder.effective treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder.

    Several studies have been launched to substantiate this useSeveral studies have been launched to substantiate this useof DBT in nonof DBT in non--borderline groups. For instance, DBT has hadborderline groups. For instance, DBT has hadseveral controlled studies and been found effective inseveral controlled studies and been found effective in

    treating eating disorders, and substance abuse disorders.treating eating disorders, and substance abuse disorders. The concept of mindfulness is one of the primary EasternThe concept of mindfulness is one of the primary Eastern

    meditative aspects of DBT and has become quite popular inmeditative aspects of DBT and has become quite popular inmany realms, not just as a psychotherapy treatmentmany realms, not just as a psychotherapy treatmentmodality.modality.

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    Understanding DialecticsUnderstanding Dialectics

    The term Dialectics refers to opposing forces thatThe term Dialectics refers to opposing forces thatcreate a whole or a synthesis. DBT focuses oncreate a whole or a synthesis. DBT focuses onfinding a balance in opposing forces.finding a balance in opposing forces.

    Opposing forces needing a balance can be foundOpposing forces needing a balance can be foundin many things all around us for examplein many things all around us for example

    Sun and the moonSun and the moon SeasonsSeasons

    Mindfulness is based on finding a balance betweenMindfulness is based on finding a balance betweenwhat Marsha Linehan (the developer of DBT) haswhat Marsha Linehan (the developer of DBT) hascoined the reasonable mind and the emotionalcoined the reasonable mind and the emotionalmind.mind.

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    Presentation PurposePresentation Purpose The original intent of this presentation was gearedThe original intent of this presentation was geared

    toward providing a professional understanding of whattoward providing a professional understanding of whata client may be experiencing in a DBT treatmenta client may be experiencing in a DBT treatmentprogram as well as how to apply mindfulness to dailyprogram as well as how to apply mindfulness to daily

    life. However today, I am hoping to present some infolife. However today, I am hoping to present some infoon mindfulness that each of you can use in a practicalon mindfulness that each of you can use in a practicaleveryday manner in your communities. Head Starteveryday manner in your communities. Head Startprovides services to not only children, but also theirprovides services to not only children, but also theirfamilies. This work can be demanding and sometimesfamilies. This work can be demanding and sometimes

    draining. As the school year approaches I hope thatdraining. As the school year approaches I hope thatthis presentation will highlight some ways to focus onthis presentation will highlight some ways to focus onselfself--care as well as understanding how ourcare as well as understanding how ourperceptions are vital in situations we face each day,perceptions are vital in situations we face each day,with the kids, the families and our coworkers.with the kids, the families and our coworkers.

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    Part 2: Taking Hold of Your MindPart 2: Taking Hold of Your Mind

    In DBT there are three states of mind:In DBT there are three states of mind:Wise MindWise Mind

    Emotional MindEmotional Mind

    Reasonable MindReasonable Mind

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    Reasonable MindReasonable Mind

    This is the logical part of you brain. The part thatThis is the logical part of you brain. The part thatthinks, plans and evaluates what is happeningthinks, plans and evaluates what is happeningaround you.around you.

    Sometimes our emotions can get in the way of howSometimes our emotions can get in the way of howwell we do things. Whether we are in physical painwell we do things. Whether we are in physical painor emotional pain or any other kind of pain, it makesor emotional pain or any other kind of pain, it makesit harder to plan and think and organize every dayit harder to plan and think and organize every dayactivities we take for granted.activities we take for granted. Getting ready in the morning: drinking a cup of coffee,Getting ready in the morning: drinking a cup of coffee,

    morning routine, taking kids to school etc.morning routine, taking kids to school etc.

    Building a houseBuilding a house

    Following instructionsFollowing instructions

    Planning a vacationPlanning a vacation

    Doing mathDoing math

    DrivingDriving

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    Emotional MindEmotional Mind This is when your present emotional state controlsThis is when your present emotional state controls

    most of your thinking and behavior.most of your thinking and behavior. AngerAnger--can spur and argumentcan spur and argument

    LoveLove-- you might sacrifice yourself for your childrenyou might sacrifice yourself for your children

    AnxietyAnxiety--you might rush or be unable to concentrateyou might rush or be unable to concentrate

    When we as people are in a state of emotionalWhen we as people are in a state of emotionalreactivity our minds are often spinning with so manyreactivity our minds are often spinning with so manythoughts it is hard to find the off switch.thoughts it is hard to find the off switch.

    Whether we are reacting to emotional pain, physicalWhether we are reacting to emotional pain, physicalpain, physical or mental over load or any otherpain, physical or mental over load or any otheremotionally heightened situation we are more proneemotionally heightened situation we are more prone

    to stress.to stress.

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    Wise MindWise Mind

    This part of our mind is a little more difficultThis part of our mind is a little more difficultto grasp.to grasp.

    It is the integration of the reasonable mindIt is the integration of the reasonable mindand the emotional mindand the emotional mind--thisthis does notdoes notmeanmean the ability to flip back and forththe ability to flip back and forthbetween the two or see both sides of coin.between the two or see both sides of coin.

    Additionally, you usually cannot evokeAdditionally, you usually cannot evokeemotions through reason, and you usuallyemotions through reason, and you usuallycannot overcome emotions with reason.cannot overcome emotions with reason.

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    Wise MindWise Mind

    It is the part of the mind that gives you peace,It is the part of the mind that gives you peace,and knows and experiences truth.and knows and experiences truth.

    Some people consider this to be the intuitiveSome people consider this to be the intuitive

    part of the brain.part of the brain. It integrates all ways of knowing including allIt integrates all ways of knowing including allof the sensesof the senses--hearing, seeing, smelling etc.hearing, seeing, smelling etc.

    You will not always be in the wise mind, thisYou will not always be in the wise mind, thisdoesnt mean it is not there!doesnt mean it is not there! Consider: when you have a hard decision toConsider: when you have a hard decision to

    make, and after your choice your whole body feelsmake, and after your choice your whole body feelsconfident, sure and relaxed, that you took the rightconfident, sure and relaxed, that you took the rightcourse of action. (even if there might becourse of action. (even if there might beconsequences.)consequences.)

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    ActivityActivity

    Brain stormBrain storm

    When was a time you have been or areWhen was a time you have been or areusually in your wise mind?usually in your wise mind?

    What about your reasonable mind and yourWhat about your reasonable mind and youremotional mind?emotional mind?

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    States of Mind DiagramStates of Mind Diagram

    Reasonable Mind

    Emotional Mind

    Wise Mind

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    MindfulnessMindfulness

    Mindfulness is developed through meditativeMindfulness is developed through meditativepractice.practice.

    Meditation can be achieved in many ways, it isMeditation can be achieved in many ways, it isnot just part of Eastern religious practices.not just part of Eastern religious practices.

    Mindfulness happens any time you areMindfulness happens any time you arecompletely focused on one thing, in thatcompletely focused on one thing, in that

    moment, without judgment.moment, without judgment. It is the repetitive act of directing your attentionIt is the repetitive act of directing your attentionto one thing at one moment.to one thing at one moment.

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    ExamplesExamples

    Driving a manual car for the first time you areDriving a manual car for the first time you areaware of each movement, later you can drive onaware of each movement, later you can drive onautomatic pilot, but at first you must be mindful.automatic pilot, but at first you must be mindful.

    Eating dessert and noticing every flavor insteadEating dessert and noticing every flavor insteadof attending to the conversation, or lookingof attending to the conversation, or lookingaround, or eating too fast.around, or eating too fast.

    Walking in the park and being present. Notice theWalking in the park and being present. Notice thetrees, the children; what it feels like as your feettrees, the children; what it feels like as your feethit the ground etc, not being distracted by yourhit the ground etc, not being distracted by yourthoughts and thus not noticing anything.thoughts and thus not noticing anything.

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    Mindful huh?Mindful huh?

    It is rare in our society for a person to beIt is rare in our society for a person to bemindful.We are a society of multimindful.We are a society of multi--taskers.taskers. Typing and talkingTyping and talking

    Eating and workingEating and working Plotting out your day as you drive to workPlotting out your day as you drive to work

    We are also often preoccupied with theWe are also often preoccupied with thefuture or the pastfuture or the past

    Worried about whats for dinner or what to wear,Worried about whats for dinner or what to wear,what our boss thinks, or how much money is in thewhat our boss thinks, or how much money is in thebankbank

    Did I say the right thing, I should have , I cantDid I say the right thing, I should have , I cantbelieve I . . . , If only . . . Etc.believe I . . . , If only . . . Etc.

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    Mindfulness huh?Mindfulness huh?

    We make judgments about everything aroundWe make judgments about everything aroundus.us. He is a jerk, Im glad I dont dress like herHe is a jerk, Im glad I dont dress like her

    Its going to be a bad day, He doesnt know what hes talkingIts going to be a bad day, He doesnt know what hes talkingabout,about,

    Im ugly, She doesnt like me.Im ugly, She doesnt like me.

    We neglect needs in the face of the busy day.We neglect needs in the face of the busy day.

    Ignoring how a headache developed (you just know you haveIgnoring how a headache developed (you just know you haveone)one) Being tired (not recognizing how it affects your work or yourBeing tired (not recognizing how it affects your work or your

    mood)mood)

    Being crabby and not realizing you drank too much coffee, butBeing crabby and not realizing you drank too much coffee, butforgot to eat.forgot to eat.

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    Why Mindfulness?Why Mindfulness?

    Whatever your attention is on,Whatever your attention is on,thats what life is for you at anythats what life is for you at any

    given moment. (C. Sanderson)given moment. (C. Sanderson)

    If you take a coffee break, or go exercise toIf you take a coffee break, or go exercise to

    unwind, but all the while you are thinking andunwind, but all the while you are thinking andworrying about somethingworrying about something--Are you reallyAre you really

    taking a break?taking a break?

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    Why Mindfulness?Why Mindfulness?

    Mindfulness allows you to pay attention to what youMindfulness allows you to pay attention to what youchoose instead of letting your mind take you captive.choose instead of letting your mind take you captive.

    We allow our minds to keep us prisoner and we areWe allow our minds to keep us prisoner and we areunable to fully experience each moment because weunable to fully experience each moment because weare lost in some other moment.are lost in some other moment.

    Mindlessness:Mindlessness: hinders how we relate to our clients, our cohinders how we relate to our clients, our co--workers, ourworkers, our

    families, our friends etc.families, our friends etc.

    hinders us enjoying hobbies, vacations, leisure time, etc.hinders us enjoying hobbies, vacations, leisure time, etc.

    affects how we feel about ourselves, what we haveaffects how we feel about ourselves, what we have

    confidence to do and how we treat others.confidence to do and how we treat others.

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    Disclaimer . . .Disclaimer . . .

    Of course it is not always feasible orOf course it is not always feasible orpossible to be mindful at every moment inpossible to be mindful at every moment in

    the day. However, without practice it isthe day. However, without practice it isdifficult todifficult to choosechoose to be mindful becauseto be mindful becauseour inner dialogue has a way of taking usour inner dialogue has a way of taking us

    over.over.

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    Practicing MindfullyPracticing Mindfully

    The skills include:The skills include: ObservingObserving

    DescribingDescribing

    ParticipatingParticipating

    Being nonBeing non--judmentaljudmental Being one mindfulBeing one mindful

    Being effectiveBeing effective

    There are six different skills or ways to practiceThere are six different skills or ways to practice

    being mindful. This next portion of presentationbeing mindful. This next portion of presentationis designed to be interactiveis designed to be interactive-- some of that willsome of that willbe lost in the lack of human contactbe lost in the lack of human contact-- but letsbut letssee how it goes.see how it goes.

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    ObserveObserve

    The goal of observing is to watch events,The goal of observing is to watch events,emotions, etc without trying to rid yourselfemotions, etc without trying to rid yourself

    of pain or prolonging a certain feeling.of pain or prolonging a certain feeling.When you observe you simply notice whatWhen you observe you simply notice whatisis--without judging it as good or bad.without judging it as good or bad.

    This skill focuses on being aware in theThis skill focuses on being aware in thepresent moment.present moment.

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    ObserveObserve

    Observing and doing are different.Observing and doing are different.(Just because you do something does not mean you are being(Just because you do something does not mean you are being

    aware.)aware.)

    WalkingWalking doingdoing

    Noticing how fast you walk, how your feet feel hittingNoticing how fast you walk, how your feet feel hittingthe ground, the sound your shoes make, how yourthe ground, the sound your shoes make, how yourmuscles feelmuscles feel observingobserving

    BreathingBreathing DoingDoing Feeling your chest rise & fall, how deep you breath,Feeling your chest rise & fall, how deep you breath,

    the sound of an exhale, the muscles moving, the feelthe sound of an exhale, the muscles moving, the feelof your breath on your skinof your breath on your skin observingobserving

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    PracticePractice

    Conveyer BeltConveyer Belt1 minute1 minute

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    DescribeDescribe

    Describing is learning to put words to eventsDescribing is learning to put words to eventsand thoughts.and thoughts.

    Describing is just the factsDescribing is just the facts NO judgments.NO judgments.

    Describing is more interested in the processDescribing is more interested in the processthan the conclusion or end result.than the conclusion or end result.

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    DescribeDescribe

    Sometimes people make an assumptionSometimes people make an assumption-- They dont likeThey dont likeme. The description of this might look likeme. The description of this might look like-- they dontthey dontinvite me to lunch, they dont make a response when Iinvite me to lunch, they dont make a response when Itry to join their conversation, they avoid me, they alwaystry to join their conversation, they avoid me, they always

    have little secret jokes etc.have little secret jokes etc. The description does not warrant the conclusion thereThe description does not warrant the conclusion there

    could be many different reasons people at work havecould be many different reasons people at work havecliques that have less to do with someone outside thecliques that have less to do with someone outside theclique than with some other factor.clique than with some other factor.

    Automatically, judging why a behavior is occurring canAutomatically, judging why a behavior is occurring canprolong the behavior or create conflict or tension. Whenprolong the behavior or create conflict or tension. Whenwe allow this to happen we allow our feelings towe allow this to happen we allow our feelings todetermine the reality, and we may not even be aware ofdetermine the reality, and we may not even be aware ofthe descriptorsthe descriptors-- we automatically see the conclusion.we automatically see the conclusion.

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    ParticipateParticipate

    This means entering fully into an activityThis means entering fully into an activity--staying in each moment without separatingstaying in each moment without separatingyourself from the events.yourself from the events.

    True participation means getting rid of selfTrue participation means getting rid of self--consciousness and letting go of yourconsciousness and letting go of yourworries or fears.worries or fears. (not planning what you are(not planning what you are

    going to say or worrying someone is judginggoing to say or worrying someone is judgingwhat you are saying etc.)what you are saying etc.)

    Full participation is the ultimate goal inFull participation is the ultimate goal inmindfulness.mindfulness.

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    ParticipationParticipation

    Have you ever had a conversation and foundHave you ever had a conversation and foundyourself nodding and giving facial cues?yourself nodding and giving facial cues?-- youryour

    body is on automatic pilot while your mind isbody is on automatic pilot while your mind is

    somewhere else.somewhere else.

    How often do you drive home without noticingHow often do you drive home without noticingand then suddenly you are home.and then suddenly you are home.

    Participation requires letting your mind and yourParticipation requires letting your mind and yourbody participate together in whatever you arebody participate together in whatever you aredoing. Every part of you is involved in what youdoing. Every part of you is involved in what you

    are doingare doing-- No compartmentalizing.No compartmentalizing.

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    PracticePractice

    TastingTasting1 minute1 minute

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    NonNon--JudgmentallyJudgmentally

    This is means you do things withoutThis is means you do things withoutevaluating them.evaluating them.

    Avoid judging something as good orAvoid judging something as good orbad; valuable or worthless etc.bad; valuable or worthless etc.--It justIt just

    is.is.

    It does not mean going from a negativeIt does not mean going from a negativejudgment to a positive judgment. (it isjudgment to a positive judgment. (it is

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    NonNon--JudgmentallyJudgmentally In DBT, there is an emphasis on consequences ofIn DBT, there is an emphasis on consequences of

    behavior and events, but that does not necessarilybehavior and events, but that does not necessarilylabel it as good or bad.label it as good or bad.

    Change is initiated to create more desirable outcomes.Change is initiated to create more desirable outcomes.

    ((this reduces shame based feelings that can perpetuatethis reduces shame based feelings that can perpetuatebehavior with negative outcomesbehavior with negative outcomes))An extreme scenarioAn extreme scenario

    You get drunk, attempt to drive home and hit a treeYou get drunk, attempt to drive home and hit a tree-- Instead ofInstead offocusing on how bad a person you are and how you are so dumbfocusing on how bad a person you are and how you are so dumband why cant you do anything right, what were you thinking, youand why cant you do anything right, what were you thinking, you

    know better etc etc. (probably driving yourself back to drinking orknow better etc etc. (probably driving yourself back to drinking orsomething else to avoid the bad feelings you now have aboutsomething else to avoid the bad feelings you now have aboutyourself)yourself) NonNon--judgmentally you can sayjudgmentally you can say-- I need my car, I dont like how I feelI need my car, I dont like how I feel

    about myself when I get too drunk and loose control of my thinking, Whatabout myself when I get too drunk and loose control of my thinking, Whatcould I do to get a better end result.could I do to get a better end result.

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    OneOne--MindfullyMindfully

    This means learning to focus the mind andThis means learning to focus the mind andawareness on the current moment.awareness on the current moment.

    Focusing completely on one activity at a time.Focusing completely on one activity at a time.

    Avoid reactions based on mood, negativeAvoid reactions based on mood, negative

    thoughts, assumptions, expectations, worriesthoughts, assumptions, expectations, worriesetc.etc.

    OneOne-- mindfully ismindfully is howhow you participate.you participate.

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    OneOne--MindfullyMindfully So back to your conversation with the friend, so you are no longer worryingSo back to your conversation with the friend, so you are no longer worrying

    about the future stuck in auto pilot, you are listening, but as she is talkingabout the future stuck in auto pilot, you are listening, but as she is talkingyou are preparing you responseyou are preparing you response-- oops this is not keeping your awareness onoops this is not keeping your awareness onthe present moment.the present moment.

    This skill relies on being aware of your thoughts feelings etc and observingThis skill relies on being aware of your thoughts feelings etc and observingthem so you can be careful not to react based on an assumption or a mood.them so you can be careful not to react based on an assumption or a mood.

    When you observe your thoughts before you speak, you can react withoutWhen you observe your thoughts before you speak, you can react withoutcreating conflict. You can enter your wise mind.creating conflict. You can enter your wise mind.

    This skill could be practiced when you are baking a cake, you put all yourThis skill could be practiced when you are baking a cake, you put all youreffort into that activity. You keep your mind all your thoughts fully on what youeffort into that activity. You keep your mind all your thoughts fully on what youare doing with the cake. You focus on the measuring the textures theare doing with the cake. You focus on the measuring the textures thesounds, the smells, etc.sounds, the smells, etc.

    When you are at home, you focus on home and stop thinking about thatWhen you are at home, you focus on home and stop thinking about thatfamily at work that you are worried about, frustrated with etc.family at work that you are worried about, frustrated with etc.

    Do give yourself time to OneDo give yourself time to One--Mindfully process your feelings regardingMindfully process your feelings regardingthat family. A time to fully participate with yourself (sit with an emotion)that family. A time to fully participate with yourself (sit with an emotion)and acknowledge the whole of what you are feeling and what you want toand acknowledge the whole of what you are feeling and what you want to

    do. THEN LET IT GO.do. THEN LET IT GO.

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    OneOne--MindfullyMindfully

    This skill could be practiced when you are baking aThis skill could be practiced when you are baking acake, you put all your effort into that activity. Youcake, you put all your effort into that activity. Youkeep your mind all your thoughts fully on what youkeep your mind all your thoughts fully on what you

    are doing with the cake. You focus on the measuringare doing with the cake. You focus on the measuringthe textures the sounds, the smells, etc.the textures the sounds, the smells, etc.

    When you are at home, you focus on home and stopWhen you are at home, you focus on home and stopthinking about that family at work that you are worriedthinking about that family at work that you are worriedabout, frustrated with etc.about, frustrated with etc.

    Do give yourself time to OneDo give yourself time to One--Mindfully process yourMindfully process yourfeelings regarding that family. A time to fully participatefeelings regarding that family. A time to fully participatewith yourself (sit with an emotion) and acknowledge thewith yourself (sit with an emotion) and acknowledge thewhole of what you are feeling and what you want to do.whole of what you are feeling and what you want to do.THEN LET IT GO.THEN LET IT GO.

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    PracticePractice

    Mindful BreathingMindful Breathing1 minute1 minute

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    Focus on the rise and fall of your stomach

    as you breath slowly and deeply. If you

    feel your thoughts drifting pull them back,

    notice your judgments without judgingthem. (If you loose focus, and notice you

    think I cant do this notice it is a

    judgment, not a fact and move on without

    continue to focus or judge the thought.

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    EffectivelyEffectively

    This means do what works.This means do what works. The goal of this skill is to reduce aThe goal of this skill is to reduce a

    persons tendency to be morepersons tendency to be moreconcerned with being right, feelingconcerned with being right, feelinggood, or being justified instead of doinggood, or being justified instead of doingwhat is needed or asked in a particularwhat is needed or asked in a particular

    situation.situation. This skills means learning to give in andThis skills means learning to give in andcompromise when it leads to an effectivecompromise when it leads to an effectiveor productive end result.or productive end result.

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    EffectivelyEffectively

    Examples:Examples: You really want your significant other to doYou really want your significant other to do

    something special or ordinary for you and yousomething special or ordinary for you and youthink, he/she should know me well enough tothink, he/she should know me well enough todo this. You are hoping it will happen.do this. You are hoping it will happen. ((this is notthis is noteffective. If you want something you may need to ask for iteffective. If you want something you may need to ask for itor resolve not to be disappointed when your sig. otheror resolve not to be disappointed when your sig. otherdoesnt read your mind.)doesnt read your mind.)

    Maybe a client is sick of jumping through theMaybe a client is sick of jumping through theprobation officers hoops, but she wants herprobation officers hoops, but she wants herkids back, it is effective to jump the hoopskids back, it is effective to jump the hoopseven if they seem unfair, petty, etc. in order toeven if they seem unfair, petty, etc. in order toreach the end result.reach the end result.

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    PracticePractice

    Make a listMake a listLaterLater-- think about what things youthink about what things you

    are effective with and what thingsare effective with and what thingsyou might need to work on.you might need to work on.

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    Mindfulness SummaryMindfulness Summary You can use these skills to reYou can use these skills to re--center, to calmcenter, to calm

    yourself, to better understand your emotions, toyourself, to better understand your emotions, toreflect or to train your brain to stay in the presentreflect or to train your brain to stay in the presentmoment.moment.

    You could sit with your anxiety, instead of pushing itYou could sit with your anxiety, instead of pushing itaway and observe your thoughts. Listen to yourself.away and observe your thoughts. Listen to yourself.

    Acknowledge your fears, or apprehensions etc.Acknowledge your fears, or apprehensions etc.

    In practicing these skills you can avoid gettingIn practicing these skills you can avoid gettingcaught up in power struggles with clients, takingcaught up in power struggles with clients, takingthings personally, you can listen more fully andthings personally, you can listen more fully andunderstand others etc.understand others etc.

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    ResourcesResources

    BillingsBillings Danielle ArnouxDanielle Arnoux

    InIn--Care Network, Inc.Care Network, Inc.Service to the Native AmericanService to the Native American2906 2nd Ave. N, Suite 3162906 2nd Ave. N, Suite 316Billings, MT 59101Billings, MT 59101

    406406--259259--96169616

    Jim Bryngelson, Ed.D., LCPCJim Bryngelson, Ed.D., LCPCChildren, Adolescents and ParentChildren, Adolescents and ParentCoachingCoaching3203 3rd Ave N., Suite 2083203 3rd Ave N., Suite 208Billings, MT 59101Billings, MT 59101

    406406--252252--4270, Ext. 14270, Ext. 1

    Anne Harris, MSW, LCSW,Anne Harris, MSW, LCSW,MHPP, MHCMHPP, MHC1245 North 29th Street1245 North 29th StreetP.O. Box 219P.O. Box 219Billings, MT 59101Billings, MT 59101406406--252252--56585658

    800800--266266--71987198

    Tiffany M. Garner, MS, LCPCTiffany M. Garner, MS, LCPCAdolescent female selfAdolescent female self--injurersinjurers1004 Division Street, Suite 3031004 Division Street, Suite 303Billings, MT 59101Billings, MT 59101406406--690690--18181818

    Robyn Kuhr, LCPCRobyn Kuhr, LCPC1004 Division Street #3031004 Division Street #303Billings, MT 59101Billings, MT 59101406406--690690--18181818

    LaurelLaurel

    Kelly R. Kukes, MS, LCPCKelly R. Kukes, MS, LCPCLaurel Family CounselingLaurel Family Counseling15 Colorado Ave.15 Colorado Ave.Laurel, MT 59044Laurel, MT 59044406406--628628--77177717

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    ResourcesResources

    ForsythForsyth Alicia Brewer, LCPCAlicia Brewer, LCPC

    Brewer CounselingBrewer Counseling190 Rosebud Street190 Rosebud StreetForsyth, MT 59327Forsyth, MT 59327406406--351351--18161816

    Earl Brewer, LCPCEarl Brewer, LCPCBrewer CounselingBrewer Counseling190 Rosebud Street190 Rosebud StreetForsyth, MT 59327Forsyth, MT 59327406406--351351--18201820

    ButteButte Montana ChemicalMontana ChemicalDependency CenterDependency Center2500 Continental Drive2500 Continental DriveButte MT 59701Butte MT 59701(406) 496(406) 496--54005400

    Administrator: Dave PeshekAdministrator: Dave Peshek

    HelenaHelena Laurie Gaffney, MSW, LCSWLaurie Gaffney, MSW, LCSW

    Cornerstone Counseling, L.L.PCornerstone Counseling, L.L.P34 West 6th Ave., Suite 2C34 West 6th Ave., Suite 2CHelena, MT 59601Helena, MT 59601406406--449449--48004800

    Bob Piccolo, LCSW, DCSWBob Piccolo, LCSW, DCSW555 Fuller, Suite1555 Fuller, Suite1Helena, MT 59601Helena, MT 59601406406--442442--77667766

    BozemanBozeman Gallatin Valley DBTGallatin Valley DBT

    612 E. Main St. Suite B612 E. Main St. Suite B

    Bozeman, MT 59715Bozeman, MT 59715

    TT(406) 582(406) 582--05000500

    F(406) 585F(406) 585--02070207

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    Linehan, M. (1993). Skills training manual for treating borderlineLinehan, M. (1993). Skills training manual for treating borderlinepersonality disorder. Guilford Press: New York.personality disorder. Guilford Press: New York.

    Linehan, M. (retrieved 4/7/08) DBT in a Nutshell.Linehan, M. (retrieved 4/7/08) DBT in a Nutshell.www.middlepath.orgwww.middlepath.org..

    DBT frequently asked questions.DBT frequently asked questions. www.behavioraltech.orgwww.behavioraltech.org.. DBT at a glance. (retrieved 4/708)DBT at a glance. (retrieved 4/708) www.behavioraltech.orgwww.behavioraltech.org.. Mindfulness.Mindfulness. www.dbtselfhelp.comwww.dbtselfhelp.com Katz, L., Gunasekara, S., & Miller, A. (200?). DialecticalKatz, L., Gunasekara, S., & Miller, A. (200?). Dialectical

    behavior therapy for inpatient and outpatient parasuicialbehavior therapy for inpatient and outpatient parasuicialadolescents.adolescents.

    Lynch, T., Chapman, A., Rosenthal, M. Z., Kuo, J., & Linehan, M.Lynch, T., Chapman, A., Rosenthal, M. Z., Kuo, J., & Linehan, M.M. (2006). Mechanisms of change in dialectical behaviorM. (2006). Mechanisms of change in dialectical behaviortherapy: Theoretical and empirical observations.therapy: Theoretical and empirical observations. Journal ofJournal ofClinical Psychiatry, 62,Clinical Psychiatry, 62, 459459--480.480.