Day 4

• Flour Technology

• Flat breads

• Conchas

Flour technology• Organic/Commercial flours

• Types, season, climate

• Additives

• Conditioners

• Analytical data

• Testing of flour- evaluation

• Spec sheet/Technical data sheet

Flours

• Red/White

• Winter/Spring

• Hard/Soft

• Oxidation/maturing

• Organic- USDA guidelines

• Artisan- no maturing agents

• Commercial

Flour : Composition in %

EnzymesEnzymes

Starch 70.5Starch 70.5

Proteins 12.5Proteins 12.5

Water 13.5Water 13.5

Minerals & fibres 2Minerals & fibres 2

Fat 1.5Fat 1.5

Variations of Wheat Quality

Additives• Vitamins- enrichment

• Malted barley- amylase

• Fungal amylase

• Potassium bromide- oxidizer

• Benzoyl peroxide- bleach

• Azodicarbonamide- Bleach- acts as maturing agent

Analytical specifications

• Moisture- Max 14%

• Ash/Extraction rate/Mineral content

• Protein content- %

• Enzyme activity- Falling number>250-350

• Mixability- Farinograph

• Elasticity/Extensibility- Alveograph

QC of Wheat FlourTypical characteristics of wheat flour that fluctuate, and the test available to check the quality.

Flour Characteristics

• Protein (Amount, quality)

• Elasticity (P), extensibility (L), Strength (W) P/L =.6 (Alveograph)

• Mixing properties (Farinograph)

• Absorption capacity, Development time, Stability ( high protein vs. low) Mixing tolerance index ( high is weaker)

Spec sheet

• States type(s) of wheat

• Will contain Moisture, Protein and Ash %

• May have falling number

• Can request falling # and Farinograph analysis from miller

Spec Sheet

Flat Breads

• Can be leavened or unleavened

• Can be baked over open fire or in pan- no oven needed

• Baked at high temperature- 500

• Used as utensil

Types of Flatbreads

• Naan- Afghanistan/Middle East- made with yogurt

• Lavash- Armenia/Middle East- Flavored with honey- baked on sides of Tandoori oven

• Pita- Greek/Mediterranean- Pocket bread

• Tortilla- Mexican- Unleavened- Made from corn or wheat- Cooked on hot metal plate or rocks

Tandoori oven

Conchas

• Mexican sweet bread

• Crumb topping on top ( 20g/ 85g roll)

• Can be colored topping

• Topping is Scored

• Simulates shell shape

• Conchas- 85g rounds- 6 per person

• DDT= 80, Intensive mix

Today’s Production

• As per Production Schedule