Day 3 conservation agriculture field workshop project breadbasket calegari, iapar, july 12, 2011
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Transcript of Day 3 conservation agriculture field workshop project breadbasket calegari, iapar, july 12, 2011
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Brazil: 8.513 Km2
Brazil Savanna area: 210 Million hectares of Potential Agriculture
Brasilia(DF)
Amazonas
Roraima
NorthNortheastCenter-WestSoutheastSouth
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TERRIBLE EROSION IN PARANA STATE IN 1970s and 1980s
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GOODBYE SOIL, GOODBYE LIVELIHOODS
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Erosion ?
Includes loss of water, and nutrients (N, P, K, organic carbon)
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Fonte: EMATER, PR, 2000
Potassium
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Permanent soil cover
Control of weeds
(Attention to crop rotation)
The No-tillage System
Harvest
Rolling down cover
crop
Cover crop
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Peanuts pea
potatoes rice
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WaterWater
OxigenOxigen
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Active aggregation zone
Active decomposition zone
0 - 5 cm
Crop residues effect (above ground)
Crop residues effect (above ground)
New structure regrowNew structure regrow
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Let the roots and soil flora and
fauna do the work
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Soil temperature stuble
30 C30 CBare soil
temperature
55 C55 C
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Mixing Cover crops SMixing Cover crops Sppeeciesciesoatoat + + radishradishoatoat + + radishradish ++ lupinlupinoatoat + + vetch (hairy, common)vetch (hairy, common)mimilletllet + + radishradishfield peafield pea + + oat (rye, trticale)oat (rye, trticale)clover + ryegrass + lotusclover + ryegrass + lotusetc,...etc,...
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Black oat + vetch
Mixing cover crops increases diversity of soil nutrients and fodder
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Hairy Vetch –
Equivalent to 120 kg N ha
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Sorghum and cowpea - Swaziland
Maize and groundnut -
Kenya
Intercropping gives two chances for a harvest
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Cowpea and pineapple - Mozambique
Crotalaria juncea intercropped with sorghum or maize.
It is fast growing, suppresses weeds, reduces nematode populations and improves soil properties.
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Radish (pivotant root)Medium C/ N ratio (20-25)Strong rootsSoil decompactionHigh recycling: N, P, SAluminium complexing
O.Muzilli/ Fertilidade SPD/ pp
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Corn intercropped with legume cover crop
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Rice + Calopogonium mucunoides
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Cover crop management using the knife roller
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No-tillage for animal traction
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No-Till System-
53 t/ha of Cassava Roots
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Conservation agriculture brings higher levels of organic matter, retains moisture better
Conventional systems lead to low organic matter & loss of water...
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Conventional
No-till
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What about the weeds?
Conventional tillageIrrigated 3-4 times/week
Weeding 8-10 timesLabour input 45 days/haYield 23 tons of bulbs
Conservation AgricultureIrrigated only once a week
Weeding not necessaryLabour input 7 days/ha Yield 39 tons of bulbs
Austrian Cooperation Project in Mozambique – Sofala Province
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CARBON SEQUESTRATION (0,00-0,20m)
after 19 years – Pato Branco, PR.
+ 1,24 t/ha/year+ 1,24 t/ha/year
No-Till
0.00
+ 0.25
+ 0.50
+ 0.75
+ 1.00SO
C (
Mg
ha-1
yea
r-1)
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MUCUNA nodules fix nitrogen
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0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
Cotton Yield traditional tradicional
Sixto Ayala, Calle Poí- Paraguay PParaguayParaguayYaguarón.
Source: GTZ, Min. Agric., Peñalva, Paraguay 2000.
Traditional
No-till With rotation
kg/ha
900
2.210
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ImplicationsImplications
• Less labour and farm power• up to 60% fuel savings• up to 50% savings in tractors• up to 40% savings in tractor size• up to 3 times longer tractorlife• reduction in machinery capital
• Less labour and farm power• up to 60% fuel savings• up to 50% savings in tractors• up to 40% savings in tractor size• up to 3 times longer tractorlife• reduction in machinery capital
The consequent application of these concepts has following implications:The consequent application of these concepts has following implications:
Source: FAO
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Sesbania sp. indigenous legume – previously considered a weed by locals - is a great cover crop for rice in Estaquinha (Búzi) , Mozambique
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Nature says
Thanks!