Database Administration
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Transcript of Database Administration
1University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
Database Users and Database Users and AdministrationAdministration
2University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
• Database Users• Data Administration • Database Administration• DBA Functions • DBA Role
Database Users & Database Users & AdministrationAdministration
3University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
1. The End User
• The one who will use the information
• Unaware of the background processes
• Perhaps has little or no computing knowledge
• Expertise is in the use of the data
Database UsersDatabase Users
4University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
1. The End User (cont.)
The information must be– correct– readily available– user friendly format– meet their requirements– allow them to be productive
Database UsersDatabase Users
5University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
2. Database specialist
– Database Administrator– Database Designer– Database Analyst– Database Programmer– Database Technician
Database UsersDatabase Users
6University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
• A high level management function (E.g. Director)• Determination of overall information needs from a
management perspective• Developing & administering the policies,
procedures, practices & plans for definition, organisation, protection & efficient utilisation of data
• Encompasses all corporate data whether computerised or not
Data AdministrationData Administration
7University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
• Normally responsible for computerised systems only
• Management & Co-ordination function
• Technical function responsible for:– physical database design
– security – backup – recovery– performance
Database Database AdministrationAdministration
8University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
Comparison of Roles
Data Administrator
Database PlanningSystem SpecificationConceptual DesignLogical Design
Database Administrator
Major Role
DBMS SelectionApplication DesignPhysical DesignPrototypingImplementationData Conversion & LoadingTestingOperational Maintenance
Major Role
Minor Role
Minor Role
9University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
What is it?
“To successfully set up and manage an environment in which the data resource is
effectively used”
Database Database AdministrationAdministration
10University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
THERE ARE THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS:
1. Administration & management of Data Content
2. Administration & management of Data Structure
3. Administration & management of the Physical Database
DBA FunctionsDBA Functions
11University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
1. Administration & management of Data Content– which data is to be held on the database– which users have what kind of access to the
database– which kind of users have access to individual
items of data– which consistency checks must be maintained– when should data be removed
DBA FunctionsDBA Functions
12University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
2.The administration and management of data structure.
– how many logical databases do we need ?– what is the table column structure ?
• normalisation• functional analysis• de-normalisation
– how is security to be implemented ?
DBA FunctionsDBA Functions
13University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
2.The administration and management of data structure (Cont.)– how are consistency checks made?– how is access to be optimised?
• transactions• clustering• indexing• query optimisation
– how and when to re-organise the database?
DBA FunctionsDBA Functions
14University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
3.The administration and management of the physical database
– how many copies should run ?• machine sizing• operating system performance
– when and how should we perform backups?• database files• recovery log files
DBA FunctionsDBA Functions
15University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
3.The administration and management of the physical database ( cont.)– start-up and shutdown procedures.
• DBMS parameters• control procedures
– what procedures are required to recover from system failures ?
• export / import procedures• roll forward / rollback
DBA FunctionsDBA Functions
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• integrity and consistency
• monitoring and tuning
• reducing redundant storage
• facilitating sharing of data
• security
• backups
• recovery
• keep down time to a minimum
DBA RoleDBA Role
17University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
Liaison with:
• Management– enterprise objectives– time constraints for development– budget constraints– future plans– organisational changes
DBA RoleDBA Role
18University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
Liaison with:
• Users– data requirements– application priorities– ownership of data– archiving requirements– documentation– response times
DBA RoleDBA Role
19University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
Liaison with:
• Application Development Staff– security/privacy controls– education/training– data integrity rules– housekeeping programs– information about the database– test plans etc.
DBA RoleDBA Role
20University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
Liaison with:
• Operations Staff– availability requirements– batch job priorities– security procedures– error recovery requirements– performance monitoring etc.
DBA RoleDBA Role
21University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
Liaison with:
• Software Vendors– Education/training needs– Hardware requirements– documentation– service support & maintenance– utilities etc.
DBA RoleDBA Role
22University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
Liaison with:
• Hardware Vendors– hardware capabilities– expansion capability– incompatibility with any existing hardware– servicing requirements– training– equipment failure
DBA RoleDBA Role
23University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
DA and DBA Tasks DA and DBA Tasks Compared Compared
Data Administration Database Administration I nvolved in strategic I nf ormation Systems planning
Evaluates new DBMS
Determines long-term goals Executes plans to achieve goals Enforces standards, policies and procedures
Enforces standards, policies and procedures
Determines data requirements I mplements data requirements Develops conceptual and logical database design
Develops logical and physical database design
Develops and maintains corporate data model
I mplements physical database design
Co-ordinates system development Monitors and controls database Managerial orientation Technical orientation DBMS independent DBMS dependent
24University of Sunderland CIFM06 DB Systems Development Session 6
Further ReadingFurther Reading
• Database Administration– Connelly & Begg, chapter 9, section 9.15– McFadden & Hoffer, chapter 13
• Next week– Database Security, Integrity and Recovery