1. Define the terms; data structures, data types & abstract data types.

Data Structures A data structure is simply some way of organizing a value that consists of multiple parts; or a representation of data and the operations allowed on that data. A data structure is a group of data elements grouped together under one name. These data elements, known as members, can have different types and different lengths. Data Types A data type is characterized by: a set of values , a data representation, which is common to all these values, and a set of operations, which can be applied uniformly to all these values Adata typeis a classification identifying one of various types of data, such asreal-valued,integeror Boolean, that determines the possible values for that type; the operations that can be done on values of that type; the meaning of the data; and the way values of that type can be stored. Abstract Data Types Anabstract data type(ADT) is amathematicalmodel for a certain class ofdata structuresthat have similar behavior; or for certaindata typesof one or more programming languagesthat have similarsemantics. An Abstract Data Type (ADT) is: a set of values or a set of operations, which can be applied uniformly to all these values; Abstract Data Types (ADTs) or data structures or collections store data and allow various operations on the data to access and change it.

2. Define what an Algorithm is

An algorithm is a specific set of instructions for carrying out a procedure or solving a problem, usually with the requirement that the procedure terminate at some point. Specific algorithms sometimes also go by the namemethod,procedure, ortechnique. A step-by-step problem solving procedure, especially an established recursive computational procedure for solving a problem in a finite number of steps. It is a finite sequence of steps for solving a logical or mathematical problem.

3. Describe the Criteria for creating a Good Algorithm

Criteria for a Good AlgorithmA. Specify each step or instructions exactly. There must be no ambiguity. The instructions must be clear.B. There must be a finite number of steps. The algorithm must terminate. There must be a stopping point.C. There must be an output. The algorithm must produce the correct result.

4. Differentiate Pseudocode from Algorithm

An Algorithm is a specific set of well-defined, simple mathematical and logical procedures that can be followed to solved a problem in a finite number of steps while Pseudocode is a generic way of describing an algorithm without use of any specific programming language syntax. It cannot be executed on a real computer, but it models and resembles real programming code, and is written at roughly the same level detail.

5. Describe the Analysis of AlgorithmAnalysis of Algorithms (AofA) is a field at the boundary of computer science and mathematics. The goal is to obtain a precise understanding of the asymptotic, average-case characteristics of algorithms and data structures. A unifying theme is the use of probabilistic, combinatorial, and analytic methods. The objects to be studied include random branching processes, graphs, permutations, trees, and strings.Theanalysis of algorithmsis the determination of the amount of resources (such as time and storage) necessary to execute them. Mostalgorithmsare designed to work with inputs of arbitrary length. Usually the efficiency or running time of an algorithm is stated as a function relating the input length to the number of steps (time complexity) or storage locations (space complexity).Algorithm analysis is an important part of a broadercomputational complexity theory, which provides theoretical estimates for the resources needed by any algorithm which solves a given computational problem. These estimates provide an insight into reasonable directions of search for efficient algorithms.