Data Record The Properties of Wood - Water Sedimentation ...dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/25093.pdf · The...

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cmd data recorda not intended for c;reneraiT~~ OlANO. They should not be referred to ln publkxrliona with-out clearance from the laauinQ Board establlahment and without clear lndicotion of their manuscript status.

FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA

MANUSCRIPT REPORT SERIES

No. ll38

Data Record The Properties of Wood -

Water Sedimentation Systems and their Components

by A. E. Werner and S. Deering

Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C.

December 1970'

Thla aerlea lncludn unpubllahed preliminary reports I and data recorda not intended for qeneral dlatrlbution. They should not be referred to ln publicati.ons with~

out clecu:once from the laauinQ Board establiahment and without clear lncllcotlon of their manuacrlpl atatua.

FISHERIES RESEAR(;B BOARD OF (;ANADA

MANUSCRIPT REPORT SERIES

No. ll38

Data Record The Properties of Wood -

Water Sedimentation Systems and their Components

by A. E. Werner and S. Deering

Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C.

December 1970.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1 - Description of Data Collection Procedu r es .. ...

Introduction ...... . ........ . .... . .............. ......... .•

Technical Personnel ............•............. . ............

Cruises - Sample Collection ........... . .... . ..•.......... .

Analyses ......... . ..... . ........ . .. ..... .. .. ... . ....... .. .

Sample Preparation .. .. . . ..... ... ........••..•.... . ...... . .

Determination of Physical Properties ............. . .... ... .

Voidage Determinations .........•......•..............•..•.

Experiments with Packed Columns ......... .. • . . . •.... . .•..• .

References...... . ............ . ..... . ...... . .. . ... . ........ 14

List of Figures. . . ................. . .............. . ... .... 15

Figures............. . ................. .. . . ... ............. 16

Section 11 -Codification and Tabulated Measurements... ... 29

Index of Tables - Parts & 11 ..... .. .................... . 30

35 Part 1

Part 11

Components: Codification .............• . ..• ....

Mill Sewage: Screen Tes t s.......... . ... .. .... . 36

Water Density and Viscosity......... .. . . . . . . . . 42

Solid Particles: Specific Gravity........ . ... . 54

Sys terns Codification ...... . ... .. ........... .. . 66

Pressure Drop Experiments . ........... . . . . . . . . . 75

Simple Bed Expansion Experiments.............. 156

Agitated Bed Expansion Experiments ............ 193

Appendix - Voidage Determinations by Carrier Distillation. 218

Data Record

The Properties of Wood---Water Sedimen tation Sys tems

and their Components

by

A. E. Werner and S. Deering

Section I - Description of Data Collection Procedu re s

INTRODUCTION

Wood wastes, when discharged into a water body will be transported by currents until they come to rest and form a waste-pile. Predicting the latter's location requires (apart from easily available oceanographic information) data relating to the sedimentation system. They include the density and viscosity of the water and the specific gravity and "equivalent diameter" of the particles. The latter is a joint function of the particle size and shape and can be determined by experiment.

Technical Personnel

Cruises: D. Blank, A. Chao, J. Meikle and A. E. Werner

Laboratory : R. Angotti, J. t.1eikle, S . Deering, and A. E. Werner

Computations: A. Sandness, J. Thomson, and A. E. Werner

Cruises - Sample Collection

(1) Solid Wastes: Mill effluents were collected in buckets except in one case where a large-bore syphon had to be used and one other where they could be taken from a tap. They were taken to the laboratory in 25-30 litre polyethylene carboys. Direct screening on-site was abandonned because it was too slow.

(2) Water Samples : A boat (Victory VI, R. Reynold, Captain) was used in Port Alberni. Samples were collected by oceanographic sea water bottles lowered by motorized winch. Surface

. z .

samples in Port Alberni and elsewhere were collected by pail or glass bottle. All samples were transferred at once to !·litre pyrex glass storage bottles with ground glass stoppers.

(3) Wood Samples: Pulp chips of different species , "fir" (Pseudotsuga menziesii) "cedar" (Tuja plicata) and " hemlock" (Tsuga heterophylla) were received through the courtesy of t-tacMillan Bloedel Limited, Harmac Pulp Division, Cedar, B. C.

(1) Sieve Tests

Apparatus:

~le thod:

ANALYSES

Polyethylene pails (1. 5 gal) with circular t-lonel metal screens (15 em dia) welded into their base were suspended over similar, non-modified pails (Z gal) See Fig. 1.

The mill effluents were passed through a series of progressively finer screens. The retained materials were washed until homogeneous , then transferred to weighing porcelain crucibles (with sintered bottoms) for drying and re-weighing. All wash waters were united with the appropriate main fluid fraction. The effluent volumes processed varied from 3. 6 to 27.0 liter, depending on their solids concentrat i on.

(Z) Water analyses

Salinity: The titration method (low precision) was used (Ref. 1).

Kraft Mill Effluent (KME): The modified Perl·Benson method was used (Ref. Z).

SAMPLE PREPARATION

(1) Waters

One of the distilled waters and all natural water samples were passed through Millipore filters (0.45 cm-4 porosity). Synthetic waters were prepared by mixing the natur al waters and then filtering . Synthetic polluted waters contained Kraft pulp-mill effluent in amounts calculated on the basis

3 -

of analyses of polluted water samples from the Alberni a r ea (See Tables 10 and 11).

(Z) Woods

The pulp chips lo!'ere rough ground in a large laboratory mill (Courtesy MacMillan Bloedel Research L1mi ted, Vancouver, B.C.). The ground mater1al was dr1ed (at 105°C) for 1Z-Z4 hours, then further reduced in a Wiley labor a tory mill. Finally it was separated into homogenous fractions by passing it through a set of standard sieves agitated by a "Rotap" shaker.

Apparatus:

Determination of Physical Properties

(1) A thermo-insulated water bath (30 em dia, 45 em high), fitted with cooling coil, motorized stirrer, thermoregulator, relay and thermometer, containing a 2 liter beaker fitted with separate stirrer and precis ion thermometer.

(2) A thermo-insulated reservoir of coml . automotive "antifreeze" which was kept refrigerated by a suitable plant.

(3) An adjustable peristaltic pump for circulating the refrigerant.

This apparatus controlled the temferature of pycnomete r s, etc . to better than O.osoc at the 5 , 10 and !SOC levels. See Fig. Z.

Reduction of weighings to vacuum: The weights and construction materials of the separate accessories as well as t he approximate specific gravities of the latter were determined (See Tables lZ and 13).

Specific gravities: Ordinary 50 ml Pyrex glass pycnomete r s were used. Cup-ltke pieces of Silicone rubber tubing were fitted to the stoppers with stainless steel wire. This allowed any fluid to be collected after its escape through the capillary bore of the stopper when the pycnometers were taken for weighing, from the cold bath. (See Fig. 3).

Standardization: The pycnometers were weighed empty and when ftiled wtth the pure waters. (See Table 14).

Natural and Synthetic water samples: The same method was used.

Densities: Pycnometers with a special stopper having two cap1.lla ry openings were used. This faci 1 ita ted the adjustment of the water levels while the assembly was immersed in the cold bath (See Fig. 4).

Standardization: The pycnometers were weighed empty and when f1lled Wlth the pure waters. The levels were adjusted to the mark by applying pressure from a rubber teat to one of the openings while blotting the excess water from the other . Then both were closed by caps. The diameter of the capillaries was 0. 68908 mm.

Wood Samples: The pycnometers were weighed empty, then some wood was added and the assembly dried at lOS°C for 24 hours and then cooled in a desiccator. After re·weighing, some pure water was added and a vacuum applied to promote wetting and removal of trapped air. When this was complete the pycnometers were filled to the top, the heads fitted and the assembly left in the cold bath until equilibrated. Then the levels were adjusted, caps applied and the dried pycnometers weighed. (See Tables 21, and 22).

Other Samples: The approximate density of Dowex 3 ,an ion exchange res1n, was determined in a simple pycnometer at 25°C. No special heads were used. The fluid used in one case was water but in the other case xylene, the specific gravity of which was previously determined in the same pycnometer. The use of two fluids arose from the need for density values of the solid in the swelled and non-swelled state. The density of the glass beads was similarly determined but only in water.

Viscosities: The time was measured which a standard volume of flu1d required to pass the capillary of an Ostwald viscometer (modification Cannon-Fenske, Fisher Catalogue (1968) 113-616, Size 25).

Standardization : The apparatus was kept almost completely 1mmersed 1n the thermostatted water-bath. The pure re distilled water (5.0 ml) was charged from a Grade A pipette into the viscometer and the times of traverse were measured by stop watch (See Table 16).

Natural and Synthetic waters: The same procedure was used.

Apparatus:

Voidage Determinations

The column , including screens of the Pressure Drop Apparatus. A retor t stand and clamps. Either of the following:

(a) Narrow bore column: the lower adaptor

Methods:

- s -

carrying a perforated stopper and greaseless tap (Fig. Sa) or a special adapter (Fig. Sb).

(b) Wide bore column: an adapter and tap similar to the one shown in Fig. Sa.

A rubber bulb with perforated stopper to fit the top of the columns (Fig. Sc).

(1) used for Tables 47, 49, and SO.

(a) The volume, BIIIVIII, of the special adapter (or above alternative ) was measured by filling with water and draining it into a measuring cylinder (See Tables 45 and 46).

(b) The adapter was a tt ached to the column and the latter packed with previously wetted material. Then water was al lowed to enter the column from below, replacing much of the trapped air. In order to remove the rest, it was necessary to agitate and allow the partic l es to settle in the water.

(c) The packing was adjusted to the column length, C0LEN, by adding or removing material as required . The water leve l was adjusted exactly to the top of the pa ck ing.

(d) The water was drained from the column into a measuring cylinder. This process was completed by forcing the interstitial water out by applying pressure from a rubber bulb. The total volume, T0V0, was recorded.

The formula;

E 4 • (TIIIVIil - BlilVIII)

(COD!) 2 •w•C{IILEN

was used to calculate the voidage, E.

(2) used for Tables 51, 61.

(a) The column together with the special adapter was filled with water up to an engraved line situated above the anticipated packing height. This total water volume, EV~,

was measured by draining it into a measuring cylinder.

(b) The material was packed in to the column to an arbitrary, but measured height, PALEN.

- 6 -

Air was removed from the packing as described sub 1 (b) , ultimately rai sing the water level to the mark used before.

(c) The water volume, T"V~, was then measured by draining the water into a measuring cylinder blowing out the last drops as described above sub 1 {d).

The formula~

E • l- (EV0- T0V0)*4

ClilDJ 2•n*PALEN

was used to calculate the void age,

(3) used for Tables 48, 52.

(a) The dead volume, BlilYiil, of the adapter with tap and without additional section of column was determined by filling it with water and draining the latter into a measuring cylinder. The average of five such values was EB0W; (See Table 45).

(b) An arbi trary , though measured length, PALEN above the section of the column holding EBiilV0 was packed with the material. Water was made to rise from below and the air was removed as sub 1 (b).

(c) The water level was adjusted by draining until it coincided with the upper surface of the packing.

(d) The water was then drained f rom the column into a measuring cylinder. After blowing the adhering drops down as described sub 1 (d) , the volume, T~V¢, was recorded.

The formula;

E = {T0V0 - EB0V0)*4

ClilDI 2•n*PALEN

was used to calculate the voidage.

(4) used for Tables 60, 62 , 63, 72.

(a) The total volume, VlilCiil, of the column

- 7

up to the upper screen (i ncluding the screens and an adapter with greaseless t ap} was dete rmined by filling it with water and draining into a measuring cylinder. Five tria l s we r e averaged (See Table 59).

(b) The co lumn was packed to a level, PALEN , and filled with water as described above sub 1 (b), The water level was adjusted to the top of the upper screen and the volume , P~V0, was measu red by draining the water into a measuring cy linder, blowing out the last drops as described sub l(d).

The formula;

4* (V0C0 - Pi!Vil)

Ci!DI2* ,* PALEN

was used to calculate the voidage.

Experiments with Packed Columns.

Description of Apparatus : The same appa r atus served both for pressure drop and bed expansion measurements without agi t ation. See Fig. 6 . It consisted of the followi ng components:

(1) A centrifugal pump for circula t ing the water (Magnetic drive, Cole-Pa rme r 196 9-70 Catalogue Item 1700 4-3).

( Z) A brass control s topco ck (1/4- inch bore) for adjusting flow rates. Globe and gate valves (1/ 4 - inch) were used during part o f the test s. They were unsatisfactory beca use th e f low through them was neither co n s tant nor vib r a t ionless .

(3) A flo wmete r . Three sizes with the appropriate floats were used to cover the en tire flow range (E. Greiner Predi c t abi lity Fl owmeter). See Tables 35 , 36, 37.

(4) A ven t for r emoval of trapped air.

(5) A drain , chiefly used for cleaning purposes.

(6) A heat-exchanger (glass) for removal of heat imparted by the pump.

(7) A filli n g chamber wi th drain and manometer connection. This compo ne nt was built of acrylic pipe; it served to install water filled and packed columns without introducing air bubbles.

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

• 8 •

An adapter with rubber-ring seal for connecting the column to the apparatus. N .. B. Two adapters, one for the 1. 91 em column and one for the 3.18 em column were available. Both were made from P.V.C.

A column, made of acryl ic pipe and consisting of three component s which were 7, 14 and 28 em long. Inserting a Monel metal screen at each end of the components, taken either singly or in combination, made available a se ries of packing lengths, standing in the ratio of one to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, the total column length remaining a constant 49 em. Rubber gaskets and metal unions held the parts together. The two longer components carried sc ratch marks exactly 10.0 em from the end. They served as landmarks for measuring bed heights. Two sets of screens (47 and 350cm-4 openings) were available. N.B. two such columns were used, one of 1 . 91 em diameter chiefly for pressure drop measurements, the other 3.18 em diameter, chiefly for bed expansion work.

An adaptor (acrylic pipe) with manometer connections . N.B. Two sizes of this item were available, one for the 1.91 em the other for the 3.18 em column. Either one would fit the over flow chamber.

An overf l ow chambe r for returning the water from the column to the filters. It assured an almost constant pressure level at the top end of the columns.

A fine ceramic filter for retaining elutriated fine particles.

A course filter (Monel metal screen in acrylic pipe, 47 cm -4 openings) for retaining larger particles .

A large glass funnel.

A stilling chamber with glass heat-exchanger for removing air bubbles and assisting in temperature control.

A fil ler for connecting the apparatus to the water supply.

A water-filled, open-ended manometer with scale for measuring small pressure differences.

A mercury- filled, U-tube manometer for measuring large pressure differences.

Stiff polyethylene connecting tubes to the manometers. They were provided with polyethylene spherical joints on one end.

- 9 -

(20) A scale for measuring bed heights.

For bed Expansion Experiments with Agitation, the following were added (See Fig. 7):

(21) A metal screen (47 cm- 4 openings) soldered to a brass ring and fitted into adapter (8).

(22) A brass bearing with thrust plate, soldered into the exact centre of a metal screen (350 cm-4 openings), held in a brass ring and fitted into the bot tom of the column .

(23) A similar bearing without thrust wlate, in the centre of a screen as above (but 47 em- openings), fitted into the upper part of the column.

(24) A brass stirrer (shaft 3/16-in. diameter) with 2 collars and a bevel gear wheel (SO teeth).

(25) An acrylic lid fitted to (11) and holding a brass bearing.

(26) A Black and Decker 1/4-inch electric drill in a horizontal bench holder as electric motor for moving the stirrer; a Jacobs chuck and arbor carrying a 19-tooth gear wheel.

(27) A variable transformer (Variac or Powers tat).

METHODS OF USE

(a) Pressure Drop Met hod

(1 ) The appara tus was charged with water from the fi ller, the control stopcock being open. When the wate r had risen into the fil ling chamber , the control stopcock was closed and the supply stopped . The pump was started and all air was expelled through the vent by opening the control stopcock a little.

(2) The column was charged while disconnected from the apparatus. A little more packing material than necessary was loaded upon the wire screen. Then the lower adaptor was connected with the water supply and the column filled from the bottom up. In this way the trapped air was made to escape . Remaining air bubbles were dislodged by using a strong flow of water to raise the packing as a slug to the

- 10 -

top of the column. On stopping the flow the particles dropped individually from the disintegrating slug, releasing the adhering air. The top screen was then installed directly above the settled packing, the column filled to the top, stoppered, inverted and removed from the water supply. The bottom adapter was also filled and stoppered and the assembly attached to the apparatus. Removing the stopper from the adapter beneath the water level of the filling chamber prevented reentry of air in to the column.

(3) Depending on the anticipated pressure range the openended water manometer or the mercury U- tube was fitted to the connectors in the adapters on each side of the column. Air-locks in the connection tubes were removed by shaking in the former case and by means of the release tap in the Ia tter.

(4) The adapter with the overflow chamber was attached to the column and the appropriate filter inserted. The circulation was started and enough water added to keep the stilling chamber almost full.

(5) Pressures became usually steady within a short time after adjusting the control stopcock. Progressive increases after initial reading indicated compression of the bed .

(6) Standardization with spherical particles of known size. In most cases the small bore column was used. Only the largest particle size called for the use of the wide bore column. The packings were confined between two wire screens selected for openings smaller than the particles' size. Artificial packing materials being non-swelling and noncompressible, no unpacked space was allowed between screens.

Care was taken to eliminate all air bubbles by stirring the particle suspension in the columns before installing the top screens. Both top and bottom screens needed frequent checking for obstructions.

The manometers were selected according to the range required. A mercury U- tube was used when pressures exceeded the range of the open water manometer. This happened with long columns, small particle sizes, high flow rates or combinations of these factors. Pressures were usually recorded separately for each manometer limb. At zero flow a small but unexplained asymmetry in the manometer water levels was some· times observed. It called for a correction to all manometer readings of the ensuing run. A pressure differential of known origin was caused by the resistance to flow of the column itself and its screens. It too was entered as a correction. See Tables 39, 40.

Packings were made uniform by dry screening through standard sieves. Nevertheless, the sphericity and size

- 11 -

distribution of the particle varied somewhat. See Figs. 8-10. Poppy seeds were considerably different in shape and size distribution. See Fig. 11. They also had the disadvantage of swelling and softening after immersion in water. For this reason measurements were taken as rapidly as possible after wetting this material. The use of a non-aqueous fluid phase was contemplated. The flowmeters and floats were chosen to cover the widest possible flow range within the limits of the pressure measurements. The adjustment of the flow was done with settings of the control stopcock (formerly the control valve) leaving the pump speed constant and somewhat in excess of the demand. Pressur e drops at various flow rates (See Tables 41, 42).

(7) Measurements on irregularly shaped wood particles of unknown size .

Woods in the smaller particle sizes, in contra~ to artificial packing materials, were highly compressible. Some packings originally filling completely the space between screens therefore became shorter on exposure to the flow of water. These final lengths were reported. There was great difficulty in wetting the packings before use and in ridding them of air-bubbles. In simpler cases merely soaking overnight was sufficient but in others boiling and adding a laboratory detergent was necessary . Prolonged standing (i.e. several days) in water, resulted in adverse changes of the surface structure of the particles. Pressure drops at various flow rates (See Table 43).

(b) Bed Expansion Experiments.

The apparatus was i nstal l ed as for the pressure drop method except:

(1) The wider column was generally used unless spouting of the fluidized bed occurred.

(2) The column was installed with the 28 em section lowermost.

(3) The top screen was not used.

(4) The manometer connections were blocked off by a pinch-clip, except in cases where simultaneous measurements were made.

(S) Bed heights were measured on fluidized beds which were neither channelling nor slugging. Often it took a long time to get a well equilibrated bed .

(6) Even well- screened wood par tiel es proved nonhomogeneous when exposed to the water. They were then allowed to elutriate at somewhat higher flows than the measuring range.

- 12 -

(7) The scale for measuring bed heights was adjusted with the 10.0 em mark coinciding with a scratch on the column exactly 10.0 em from the lower screen.

(c) Bed Expansion Experiments with Agitation.

The apparatus was set up as under (b) and in addition the stirring mechanism was installed.

(1) The bed height at zero flow anct . zero RPM stirring, was measured in all cases.

(2) Homogeneous materials were tested with the upper (fine screen) bearing left in the column and measurements could begin at zero flow, zero RPl-1. Then the bed height was measured while the stirrer was turning constantly at the correct rate and while various flow rates were set.

(3) The bed required much time to attain equilibrium.

(4) Nonhomogeneous substances were elutriated before testing: the upper (fine screen) bearing was removed or replaced by a coarse one. While stirring, the flow was turned up a little higher then the maximum at which measurements were to be made. When all the finer particles had wandered out of the tube the flow was reduced to the uppermost level where measurements were taken, then to the lowest, then to zero water velocity. After measuring at all these levels the stirring was stopped and the no-flow, no-stirring bed height was determined . Then the tube contents were used to determine the voidage.

(d) Supplementary Experiments.

(1) Tests for Column Drainage.

The non-packed column (including the accessory adapter and screens) was filled with water to the top. The water was then drained into a measuring cylinder, the last drops being driven out by blowing air down with a rubber bulb .

The packed column was also filled with water, but special care was taken to remove all the air bubbles from it. Thereafter it was treated analogously to the nonpacked one.

For statistical purposes each of these experiments was repeated several times (See Table 44).

(2) Tests for Screen Resistance.

The unpacked column including a set of screens, either coarse (350 cm-4) or fine (47 em-~) was tested for pressur e

- 1 3

drop over a range of flows. The pressure differences, beca use of their smallness , were measured only at the extreme r eading of each flow mete r and float (See Tables 39, 40). Where mercury manometers were used in this series, the values reported are al ready c onverted to positive pressure differences ; eg. a PBF"' 0.3 would have come f rom an actual reading of PBF = 0.15 and PBI • -0. 1 5.

(3) Tests for stir r ing speeds.

The motor speed was measured and the teeth of the reducing gear wheel were counted. They stood in the ratio 19 : 50. A white disc with a black mark was attached to the shaft of the motor. The RPM's were measured by focussing te l..iRht cell of a "Touchless photo -electronic Tachometer" Model 912 (Power Instruments Inc ., Skokie , I I I.) on the rotating disc . (See Table 67).

- 14 -

REFERENCES

ll Strickland, J. D.H. and T. R. Parsons A practical Handbook llandbook of Seawater Analysis (Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Ottawa, 1968) p. 17.

2) Barnes, C. A., E. E. Collias , V. F. Fecetta, 0. Goldschmid, B. F. llruitford, A. Livingston, J. L. McCarthy , G. L. Toombs , M. Wa1dichuk, and R. Westley. (1963) A Standardised Pearl-Benson, or Nitroso, Method recommended for estimation of spent sulfite liquor or s ulfite waste liquor concentrations in waters. TAPPI, Vol. 46, No. 6, p. 347-351.

See also;

Waldichuk, M. 1964. Dispersion of Kraft Mill effluent from a submarine diffuser in Stuart Channel, British Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Vol. 21, No. 5, p. 1289-1316.

- 15 -

List of Figures

Fig. Screens for Mil l Effluent Particles (Buckets)... . 16

Fig. Thermostat ted Water Bath.................. . ...... 17

Fig. Pycnometers for use at lower than room temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 18

Fig. Pycnometers with adaptor used with solids.... . ... 19

Fig. Apparatus for Voidage Determinations............. 20

Fig. Pressure Drop and Simple Bed Expansion Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 21

Fig. Agitated Bed Apparatus Accessories .. ......... . .. . 22

Fig. Typical micro photographs of Dowex 3............. 23

Fig. Typical micro photog r aphs of Prepared Wood....... 24

Fig . 10 Typical micro photographs of Mill Eff luent Particles ... .. . , ...................... . ... ... , . . 25

Fig. 11 Typical micro photographs of ~lass bead . ......... 26

Fig. 12 Carrier Distillation Apparatus...... .. ..... . ..... 27

- 16 -

Fig. 1 Screens for Mill Effluent Parti cles (Buckets)

- 17 -

Fig. 2 Thermostatted Water Bath

- 18 -

Fig. 3 Pycnometers for use at lower than room temperature

.. 19 -

Fig. 4 Pycnometers with adaptor used with so lids

Fig . 5

• I

r

- 20 -

• Apparatus for Voidage Determina t ions

WATER MANa.,I[T[R

Fig. 6

- 21 -

C)V[RFl C'"'-AM6[R

M(fiCuA~ MAIQ.IET[R 14l.T[RNAt( FOR Htc;.~(lll! ~SSUACSi

STILLING

FLOW METER

... FLDtW CONTROl..

STOfi'COCIC CIRCULAT ING -·

Pressure Drop and Simple Bed Expansion Apparatus

.. 22 -

CONTROLLER

IIOV.A.C.

S.S. SCREEN IN BRASS RING

Fig. 7 Agitated Bed Apparatus Accessories

.• 2 3 -

Fig. 8 Typical micro photographs of Dowex 3

- 24 -

Fig. 9 Typical micro photographs of Prepared Wood

- 25 -

Fig 0 10 Typical micro photographs of Mill Effluent Particles

- 26 -

Fig. 1i Typical micro photographs of glass bead

- 27 -

Fig. 12 Carrier Di s tillation Apparatus

- 29 -

SECTION I I

CODIFICATION & TABULATED MEASUREI-IENTS

Codification:

Results:

Codification:

Densitometry:

Results:

Viscometry:

Results:

Codification:

Calibration:

- 30 -

INDEX OF TABLES: PART I: Components

Mill Sewage: Screen Tests

Code words . .

Code zoo . structure

Code "· mills

Code "· collections

Code "· sewers

Code "· screens

Screen tests

Water: Density and Viscosity

Code 201, structure

Code 202, structure

Samples: origin. . .

Samples: composition

Pycnometers and accessories weights . . . . . . .

Accessories: densities of

10

11

12

construction materials. 13

Pycnometers: Water equivalents. 14

Specific Gravity determinations of waters

Viscometer calibration

Viscosity determinations of waters . . . .

Solid Particles: Specific Gravity

Code 203 , structure .

Code 11, solids .

Code 11 , particle siies

Pycnometers: water equivalents .•.

15 16

17

18

19

20

21,22

- 31 -

INDEX OF TABLES: PART I: Components - Continued

Results:

Table I

Standard spherical particles. 23

Prepared wood particles . . . 24,25 26

Statistical supplements . . . . . . 27,28 29

Codification:

Basic data:

- 32

INDEX OF TABLES: PART II: Systems

Code words

Cell codes

Packing types . . . - . . . . . .

Particle size ..

Standard Packing lengths Flow Tables ... ~tanometer types. . . . .

Pressure Drop Experiments

No packing, 1.91 em bore column . . .

~

30

31

32

33

34

35,36,37 38

39

No packing, 3.18 em bore column . . . 40

Spherical particles • 1. 91 em bore column. . . . 41

Spherical particles, 3.18 em bore column. . . . 42

Prepared wood partic les, 1. 91 em bore column 43

Voidage Determinations: Drainage Variation 44

Results:

End correction and column volumes . .

Spherical particles, 1. 91 em bore column .

Spherical particles, 3.18 em bore column .

Prepared wood parti c les, 1. 91 em bore column. .

Prepared wood particles, 3.18 em bore column ..

Prepared wood particles, 1. 91 em bore column.

No packing . . .... .

Spherical particles

Prepared wood particles

45.46

4 7,48

49

so

51

52

53

54

55

- 33 -

INDEX OF TABLES: PART I I: Sys terns - Continued

Basic Data:

Simple Bed Expansion Experiments

Spherical particles, 1.91 em bore column .••. 56

Prepared wood particles, 1. 91 em bore column . . . . 57

Prepared wood particles, 3.18 em bore column . . 58

Voidage Determinations: Empty column and extended lower

adapter volumes, 1.91 em bore column . 59

Results:

Basic data:

Spherical particles, 1. 91 em bore column . 60

Spherical particles, 1.91 em bore column . 61

Prepa r ed wood particles, 1. 91 em bore column . . • . 62

Prepared wood particles, 1. 91 em bore column 63

Spherical particles, 3.18 ern bore column . . . . ,

Prepared wood particles, 1.91

64

em bore column . . . . 65 Prepared wood particles, 3.18

em bore column . . . . 66

Agitated Sed Expansion Experiment s

Stirring speeds . . . . . . . .

Bed Expansion and Pressure Drop at various stirring speeds . . . . . .

67

68

Spherical particles, 3.18 em bore column . . 69

Prepared wood particles, 3.18 em bore column . . . . 70

Mill effluent particles, 3.18 em bore column . . . . 71

- 34 -

INDEX OF TABLES: PART II: Systems - Continued

Voidage Determinations: Mill effluent particles, 1.91

Results:

em bore column . . 72

Spherical particles, 3 . 18 em bore column . . .

Prepared wood particles, 3.18

73

em bore column . 74

Mill Effluent Particles, 3.18 em bore column . . . . . 75

- 35 -

Components: Codification

Table 1: Code Words

(1) For Sc reen Tests

CODE WO RD INTERPRETATION UNITS

TARE 1'/ejght of sieve grams SA WE Weight o f sieve + weight of fraction grams

(2) Fo r Densi t y Tes t s

a I a t e rs

TARE We i ght of pycnometer (;ncl. s topper ) grams CAW E TARE + weight of c alibration water grams

SAW E TARE + .. .. water sample grams CATE Cal ibration t emperature oc

SATE Sample tempera ture oc

( b ) Sphen ca l Standards ' PYCH! Weight of Py cnometer (incl. stopper) grams

PYCWA PYCEM + weight of calibration water grams

PYCOL PYCEM + weight of calibration xy lene grams

PYCSA PYCEM + weight of sample grams PYCSW PYCSA + weight of added water grams PYCOS PYCSA + weight of adde d x ylen e grams RHO 25 Solid density at 25°C gm/ccm RHO 20 SoUd density at 30°C grn/ccm

c) Prepared Wood Particles

WOTAR Weight of Pycnometer (incl. stopper) grams

STOPR Weight of stopper grams I HEAD Weight of forked head grams

WAWE We i ght of calibration water + WOTAR + HEAD + STOPR grams

WOWE Weight of sample + WOTAR grams

F!NWE Weight of added water + WOWE grams

3) For Vi scosity Tests

Tl CA Viscometer pass time of standard f 1u;d min,secs, 0.1 sees.

TISA Vi scometer pass time of sample min,secs, 0.1 sees .

- 36 -

1ill Sewage: Screen Tests

Table 2: Code 200: Structure

Digit

Interpretation

- 37 -


Table 3: Mills

Location I Code & Plan

Crofton I Harmac

P. Alberni

Elk FallsJ

- 38 -


Table 4: Collections

Date Code I

22 IV 1968 1

23 IV 1968 2

24 IV 1968 3

30 IV 1968 4

7 v 1968 5

8 v 1968 6

28 IX 1970 7

16 IX 1970 8

- 39 -

MJ LL SEWAGE: SCREEN TESTS

Table 5: Sewers

Mi ll Description Contents Code I

1 " Kraft A" General+acid+alkaline+Kraft 8 1

1 "Kraft B" General+acid+alkaline 2

I " Se ttling Pond" Wood Plant 3

2 "Sewer 1" Pulp Machine 1

2 "Sewer 2" Kraft Bleach 2

2 "Sewer 3" Kraft 3

2 " Sewer 4" Woodroom 4

3 " 18 Sewer" Paper Machine 1

3 "Main" All sources except I 3 Paper Mach. 2

"Sewer 1" Groundwood mill & some newsprint

& clear white water

3 " Sewer s 3 & 4" Newsprint Paper Machine effluent 4

3 "Washers 1 & 2" Groundwood Washers S

4 "A" Newsprint, Groundwood & Wood Mill 1

4 "B" Acid Stages, Bleach Plant 2

4 "C" Alkaline Stages, Kraft & Bleach

Plant

Paper Machine

3

4

- 40 -

MILL SEWAGE: SCREEN TESTS

Table 6: Screens

SIEVE OPENING CODE

(em - 4) I

No screen 0

44 1

47 2

zoo 3

350 4

- 41 -

MILL SEWAGE : SCREEN TESTS

Table 7 : Screen Tests , Results

(Weights of sieves and retained solids, SAWE, and tares , TARE)

CODE TARE SAWE CODE TARE SAWE

zoo (gm) (gm) zoo (gm) (gm)

IZII 24.69248 24.86057 2444 28 . 58500 3 3.03943

1212 22 .99363 23.58505

1213 !

25.57449 25.69863 I

1214 26 . 31289 29.88241

3121 25.00000 25.00000

3122 26 . 35488 26.44680

3123 27.49374 27.52363

I 231 25.00000 25.00000 3124 25.4 7079 25.61385

1232 23 . 66638 23.66896 3311 27.56693 28.32182

1233 22 . 75418 22 . 75546 3312 26.06585 27 . 74513

1234 22 . 6 4084 22.64378 3313 25 .75324 26.05883

1241 25.00000 25.00000 3314 25.09489 27.78450

1242 23 . 99636 23.99968 3321 22.48503 22.72526

124 3 24.26572 24 . 26812 3322 25.96252 26.81038

1244 27.03006 27.03344 3323 29.41372 29 . 55708

162 1 23 .39885 23.48614 3324 27.50607 27.94756

1622 22 .80300 23.03903 4511 23.69004 23.97306

1 162 3 25.52418 25 . 60786

1624 24.74784 25 . 94082

2411 26.15755 26.2551 8

4 512 23.55346 24.68888

4513 30.72260 31.09600

4514 9.28688 21.03600

241 2 24.731 46 24.83472 4521 22.84550 22.85576

2413 28 . 62427 28.65852 4522 24.26714 24.28179

2414 28.31058 29. 30589 4523 26. 1 3555 26.14020

2421 22.38402 22.41492 452 4 27.0281 3 27.03783

2422 23.89678 23 . 94916 4531 26.21423 26 . 32295

2423 22 .84467 22.85400 4532 22 . 41768 22.57719

2424 23.55058 23 . 55904 4533 25 . 72759 25 . 91930

2431 23.54365 23.70138 4534 27.53217 30.51100

2432 23.50814 23 . 85989 4541 23. 5901 8 23.88160

24 33 23 . 71567 23.96300 4542 24.02506 25.42586

2434 25.84187 28.58115 4543 25.48523 25.56762

2441 24.06744 24.26846 4544 28.50137 29.51538

2442 28.28025 29.34222

2443 28 . 42084 28.98398

- 42 -

WATER: DENSITY AND VISCOSITY

Table 8: Code 201, Structure

Digit

Interpretation

- 43 -


Table 9: Code ZOZ , Structure

Digit

Interpretation

- 44 -


Table 10: Origin and Treatment of Waters

CODE I TYPE ORIGIN AND TREATMENT COLLECTION

1 Filtered Redist., then filtered through 0.4Su Millipore Filter

2 Redistilled Lab. distd. water redistd. from glass

3 Distilled Biolog. Stn. Lab. supply

4 River, clean Nanaimo River nr. Cassidy 16 v '68

s Brakish, Clea Synthetic SO/SO v/v CODE 4 & 6

6 Sea, clean Bioi. Stn. Supply, Departure

Polluted, Bay

7 river Port Alberni

(a) Braki sh Stn. Al4 (2- 3 m) 22 v '68

(b) River Stn. Al4 (sfc.) 22 v '68

(c) Brakish p & P Dock (3 m) 22 v ' 68

8 Polluted Synthetic SO/ SO v/v

River CODE 4 & 7 (b)

- 45 -


Table 11: Composition of Waters

CODE ~~i~~~~L SALINITY

I ppm in o I oo

4 - <0 .1 2

5 - 14.69

6 29.40

7 (a) 340

(b) 430 3.17

(c) 85 (100) 10.73

8 42.5(50) !. 66

Effluent 4028

- 46 -

WATER: Density and Viscosity

Tabl e 12 : Pycnome t ers and Accessor ies: weights

( i n gm)

Pyc nome t er Cap (Si- rubb er ) Fl ask End plug Wires

ODE Serial I and gl ass , s t .s t eel gl ass glass St. s t eel

l 2 7.02306 30.36848 0 . 75263 0.38768

2 4 7.14084 30.32160 0.85293 0.37528

3 9 7. 27858 26 . 95066 0.81500 0.39400

4 20 6. 86112 28 .5 0746 0.57825 0.39387

5 49 7.26052 26 . 55705 1.03785 0.37194

- 4 7 -


Table 13 : Accessories: densities of construction materials (gm cm- 1)

Material Density

Glass z_ 70

Stainless Steel 7 . 75

Silicone Rubber l. 25

Brass 8 . 40

Air 0.0012

- 48 -


Ta ble 14: Pycnometers: Wate r Equ ival e nts

C0DE CATE TARE CAWE CATE TARE CAWE

201 (OC) (gm) (gm) (OC) (gm) (gm)

Av. Temp. S.04 • o. 04 °c Av . Temp. 10.00 • 0. OS °C

11 s 0 08 37.3908S 87 0 42627 10 0 00 37.03713 87.063S3

12 s 0 08 37 0 4 6137 87 .441SS 10.00 37. 12284 87.10604

1 3 S.08 34 . 22874 84 0 26 1S1 1 0 . 00 34 0 26292 84.28488

14 S.08 3S . 37678 8S.S2496 10 0 00 3S. 01006 8S.1S72 1

1S S . 08 33.8 1841 83.82286 10 0 00 33.47931 83.47333

21 S . OS 37 0 39338 87.44000 10 0 00 37.03713 87 0 06931

22 S. OS 37 0 46460 87 0 46S36 10 . 00 37 . 12284 87.12000

23 s.os 34. 233S6 84.27463 10 0 00 34 0 26292 84 0 29091

24 S. OS 3S 0 36890 8S.S3874 10 . 00 3S 0 01006 8S . 17084

2S s . os 33.81944 83 . 76923 10 0 00 33.47931 83 . 478S4

31 s 0 00 37.402 19 87 . 43662 10 . 00 37.02814 87.04789

32 s . oo 37.47643 87.47391 10 . 00 37.119S7 87.09846

33 s 0 00 34 . 24094 84.2704S 10. 00 34.2S239 84 . 26166

34 s 0 00 3S 0 38019 8S. S3896 10 0 00 3S 0 00617 85.1SS03

3S s 0 00 33.82834 83. 8282S 10 0 00 33.46900 83.46008

- 49 -


Table 14: Pycnometers: Water Equivalents

CODE CATE TARE CAWE

201 (OC) (gm) (gm)

Av. Temp. !5.02!0.03 oc

11 IS . OO 37.38278 87.380S7

1 2 IS. 00 37. 4SI49 87.4042S

13 IS.OO 34.21783 84.21238

14 1S.OO 3S.3S8S3 8S. 47863

IS 1S. 00 33.80787 83.77417

21 1S.OO 37.38278 87.38286

22 1S . 00 37. 4Sl49 87.41121

23 1S. 00 34.21783 84.21712

24 IS. 00 3S . 3S8S3 8S.47814

2S 1S.OO 33.80787 83.77294

31 IS.01 30.37S7S 80.3824S

32 1S.OS 37.47417 87.32S63

33 1S.OS 34.23899 84.22886

34 1S.OS 3S. 37708 8S.49600

3S 1S.OS 33.82416 83.78SSS

CODE

201

41

42

43

44

45

51

52

53

54

55

61

62

63

64

65

7l

72

73

74

75

81

82

83

84

85

- 50 -


Table 15: Specific Gravity determinations of waters,

Results

SATE TARE SAWE SATE TARE SAWE

(OC) (gm) (gm) (oC) (gm) (gm)

Av. Temp. 5.05 • 0. OS °C Av. Temp. 10. OS • o. o s 0 c

5.00 37.39411 87.43394 10.01 37.02913 87.05543

5 . 00 37.46476 87.46671 10.01 37.11530 87.10422

5. 00 34.23072 84.26759 10.01 34. 25919 84.28487

5. 00 35.37381 85. 53076 10.01 35.00500 85 . 15300

5.00 33.81967 83.82618 10.01 33.46990 83.46203

5 . OS 37.39642 88.01626 10.10 37. 39520 87.99727

5 . OS 37.46650 88.05153 10.10 37.46098 88. 02096

5.05 34.23449 84.85111 10.10 34.23422 84.82217

5. OS 35.37227 86 . 12022 10.10 35.36821 86.09328

5. OS 33.82391 84.41612 10.10 33.81975 84.38545

5.08 37.39137 88.58343 10.00 37.42841 88.58251

5 . 08 37.46086 88.61459 10.00 37.49273 88 . 61493

5.08 34.23041 85.41622 10.00 34.26363 85 .41 856

5.08 35.36910 86.68473 10.00 35.40622 86.69181

5. 08 33.81921 84.97639 10. 00 33.85213 84.97864

5.10 37.40224 87.55306 10.10 37.42462 87.52933

5.10 37.47416 87.58091 10.10 37. 49620 87.56368

5.10 34.24132 84.39078 10.10 34.26594 84.37018

5.10 35. 37739 85.65291 10.10 35.40363 85.66502

5.10 33.82909 83.94793 10.10 33.85321 83.95787

5. OS 37.39154 87.48347 10.05 37. 39736 87 . 48145

5.05 37.46244 87. 52001 10. OS 37.46968 87.51604

5. OS 34.22924 84. 31806 10.05 34.24051 84.32028

5. OS 35.36858 85. 58611 10. OS 35.37540 85.58461

5.05 33.81757 83.87534 10. OS 33.82507 83.87239

- 51 -


Table IS: - Cont'd.

Specific Gravity determinations of waters, Results.

CODE SATE TARE SAWE

201 (OC) (gm) (gm)

Av. Temp . IS. OS • 0. OS oc

41 15.00 37 . 39126 87- 39022

42 15 . 00 37.45905 87.41955

43 15.00 34.22747 84.22362

44 IS. 00 35.36593 85.48933

45 15.00 33.81434 83.78288

51 15.00 37.38943 87.94913

52 15.00 37.46006 87.98031

53 15.00 34.22783 84.78035

54 15.00 35 . 367ZZ 86. 04998

55 IS. 00 33.81849 84.34203

61 IS .10 37.38859 88.49882

62 IS . 10 37 . 45576 88.53386

63 IS .10 34.22625 85.33938

64 15.10 35.36096 86.48983

65 IS .10 33.81209 84.896S3

71 15 . 10 37.38845 87.49614

72 15.10 37.45559 87.51652

73 15.10 34.22442 84. 32950

74 IS .10 35 . 36222 8S.S9716

75 IS .10 33.81429 83.88195

81 15.00 37.387ZS 87.32798

82 15.00 37.45570 87.47l3S

83 IS. 00 34 . 22340 84 . 27182

84 15.00 35.36300 85.53577

8S lS.OO 33 . 81191 83.83411

- 52 -


Table 16: Viscometer Calibration

CODE CATE TICA CATE TICA CATE TICA

202 (oC) (MIN) (SEC) (oC) (MIN) (SEC) (OC) (M I N) (SEC)

11 5. OS 12 58.2 10. OS 11 5. 0 14.95 9 45.8

!2 5. OS 12 58.6 9. 90 11 5. 0 14.95 9 44.2

13 5. 00 12 56.8 10.00 11 4.4 14.94 9 45.4

14 5. OS 12 58.0 10.00 11 3. 0 14.94 9 45 . 0

IS 5.10 12 58.0 9 . 95 11 4.8 14.94 9 44.2

21 5. 00 12 51.9 10.00 11 4.8 14.95 9 45.0

22 4.85 12 53.8 10.00 11 4.6 14.95 9 44.6

23 4. 95 12 48.2 10.00 11 4.6 14 . 95 9 46.0

24 5. 00 12 49.6 9. 95 11 4 .0 14.95 9 45.2

25 5. 00 12 51.6 10.00 11 3. 4 14.95 9 44 . 6

31 5. OS 12 59.2 10.00 11 4. 0 14.97 9 44.6

32 5. 00 12 58.2 10.00 11 4.6 14.97 9 44.0

33 4.95 12 58.2 10.00 11 4. 0 14.95 9 44.6

34 5. OS 12 58.8 10.00 11 4. 0 14.98 9 45.2

35 5. OS 12 59.2 10.00 11 4.2 14 . 95 9 44.4

NB : Viscometer 166, with 5 . 0 ml change was used.

- 53 -


Table 17: Results: viscosity determinations of waters -

Viscometer Readings

CELL SATE TJSA SATE TISA SATE TISA

CODE 202 (oC) (mN) (SEC) (oC) (MIN) (SEC) (oC) (MIN) (SEC)

41 5o OS 12 59 0 0 !OoOO II 12 0 8 !4o96 9 45 0 6

42 5o OS 12 58o8 10 0 00 II 13 0 6 !4o95 9 44 0 2

43 50 00 12 59 0 0 !OoOO II 13o8 14 o94 9 45 0 0

44 5 olO 13 0 o6 10 0 00 II 12 0 4 14095 9 45 0 0

45 4 0 95 12 58 0 6 10o00 II 16 0 6 14o95 9 45o8

51 S oOO 13 lloO 9o95 II 29o6 14093 10 55 0 6

52 5 o10 13 9 o6 10o00 ll 25 0 4 14o95 10 55 0 2

53 5 o10 13 16o8 10 0 00 ll 25 0 4 14o95 10 55 0 4

54 4 0 95 l3 11.6 10 0 00 ll 25 0 6 14o93 10 55 0 4

55 5 008 13 17 0 2 9 0 95 II 28 0 6 14 0 94 10 55 0 4

61 So OS 13 17 0 4 10 0 00 II 30 0 6 14 0 96 9 4 o4

62 5 0 00 13 16o6 10 0 00 ll 28o8 14 0 96 9 3 0 6

63 5o05 13 17 0 0 10o00 ll 31.2 14 0 95 9 3 0 4

64 50 00 13 16 0 4 9 o95 II 31.8 14 0 95 9 3 0 4

65 4o95 13 16 0 6 9 0 95 ll 33 0 6 14o95 9 3 0 2

71 4o90 13 6o8 10 0 00 ll 14 0 8 1So05 9 46 0 0

72 50 00 13 4 0 6 10o00 ll 14 0 4 1So01 9 44 0 0

73 50 00 13 4o8 10 0 00 ll 14o2 14 0 94 9 47o4

74 4o95 13 4 0 6 10 0 00 ll 14 0 6 14o95 9 47o6

75 50 00 l3 4 06 10 0 00 ll 14o8 14 0 95 9 47o4

81 50 00 13 0 0 0 10 0 00 ll 33 0 0 14 0 96 9 46o2

82 50 00 13 2 0 0 10 0 00 ll 30o8 l4 -94 9 46 0 2

83 50 00 13 3 0 0 10 0 00 ll 30 0 2 14 o92 9 4So8

84 50 00 13 3 0 0 10 0 00 ll 32o4 14o92 9 4 7 0 0

85 50 00 l3 2 0 0 10 0 00 ll 34 0 0 14 0 94 9 46 0 0

N. B. Viscometer II 66 with 5. 0 ml. change was used .

- 54 -

SOLID PARTICLES: SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Table 18: Code 203, Structure

Digit 2nd 3rd

Interpretation Particle Size I Pycnometer

- 55 -

SOL ID PARTICLES: SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Tabl e 19: Solids

SOLID CODE I

Fir Wood 1

Cedar Wood z Hemlock Wood 3

Glass Bead s DOWEX 3 7

- 56 -


Table 20: Particle Sizes (in cm- 4)

SIZE CODE , 44 1

63 2

125 3

250 4

500 5

177 6

312 7

688 8

- 57 -


Table 21: Pycnometer #1: Weighings for water equivalent

CATE WOTAR STOPR HEAD WAWE

(oC ) (gm) (gm) (gm) (gm)

Av. Temp, 5.00~ 0 . 05°C

5 . 00 40.67340 9.06300 21.37500 96.03224

4. 95 40.67354 9.06300 21.37500 96.03200

5.00 40.67286 9.06300 21.37500 96.03224

5. 05 40.67292 9 .0 6300 21.37485 96.03015

5. 05 40.67283 9.06300 21.37485 96.02888

Av. Temperature 10.0 0 ~ 0.05 oc 9.95 40.67328 9. 06319 21.37523 96.02674

10.00 40.67328 9.06319 21.37523 96. 02863

10 . 05 40.67373 9.06319 21.37523 96.02549

10 . 05 40.67353 9. 06319 21.37523 96.02164

10 .00 40.67326 9.063 19 21.37523 96.02247

Av. Temperature 15.05 ~ 0.05 oc 1 5.10 40.67400 9.06323 21.37681 95.99560

1 5.00 40.67511 9 . 06323 21.3768 1 96 .002 72

15 . 05 40.67435 9.06323 21.3768 1 95.99222

15.05 40.67435 9.06323 21 .3768 1 95 .9 988 1

15.00 40.67427 9.06323 21.37681 96.00053

- 58 -


Table 22: Pycnometer 1 2: Weighings for Water Equivalent

CATE WOTAR STOPR HEAD WAWE

(oC) (gm) (gm) (gm) (gm)

Av. Temperature 5. 03! 0. 03 °C

5. 00 35.61111 8.98253 21.37500 92 . 59056

5. 00 35.61144 8 . 98253 21.37500 92.59614

5. 00 35.61163 8. 98262 21.37485 92.59386

5. OS 35 . 61164 8. 98262 21.37485 92.58956

5. 00 35.61127 8. 98262 21.37485 92.59257

Av . Temperature 10.03! 0.03 oc.

10. OS 35.61117 8. 98284 21.37523 92.59546

10.00 35.61129 8. 98284 21.37523 92.58868

10.00 35.61157 8.98284 21.37523 . 92.58947

10.00 35.61143 8. 98284 21.37523 92.57519

10.00 35 . 61116 8.98284 21.37523 92 . 58165

Av. Temperature 1s.os! o.os oc

15.10 35.61186 8.98255 21.37681 92.55914

15.00 35.61163 8.98255 21.37681 92.56260

15 . 05 35.61136 8. 98255 21.37681 92.55966

15.05 35.61116 8 . 98255 21.37681 92.55432

15.05 35.61046 8. 98255 21.37681 92.56333

-- --- --- ---- - - - - - --'

- 59 -

SOLID PARTICLES - SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Table 23: Speci fie Gravity Determinations: Standard Spherical Partic les - Results

CODE 203 PYCWA PYCEM PYCSW PYCSA RH025

783 (wet) 80.28535 30. 36481 81.91060 42.73576 1.150

774 (wet) 76.43855 30. 36508 78.30144 40.32870 1. 260

PYCWA PYCEM PYCOL PYCOS PYCSA RH025

785 (dry) 76.86325 26.94513 70 . 10000 71.30656 32.39485 1.135

776 (dry) 78.54350 28.502 19 71.74331 74.38644 39.48124 1.162

PYCWA PYCEM PYCSW PYCSA RH030

531 180.12713 30. 36496 194.88731 152.61400 2 . 53

532 178. 38714 28 . 50288 189.419 38 145.11883 2. 39

RH030

563 176.69714 26.94543 188.54184 144.86417 2. 44

564 176.27036 26.55388 189.03274 145.86573 2. 48

CODE

203

111

122

131

142

151

212

2 21

232

241

252

311

322

331

342

351

- 60 -

SOLID PARTI CLES - SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Table 24: Specific G_ravity Determinations: Prepared

Wood Particles, - Results:

SATE AV. TEMP . 5. 00 • 0. 00° c (oC)

WOTAR WOWE FINWE HEAD STOPR

5 . 00 40.67308 42.61877 96.69853 21.35265 9 . 06328

5. 00 35.61125 38.28403 93 . 51 793 21.35265 8 . 98268

5 . 00 40.69546 43.45071 97.01062 21. 3526 5 9. 0682 8

5. 00 35 . 61106 38.26441 93 .50 600 21.35265 8. 98268

5. 00 40.69580 44. 03045 97 . 20945 21.35265 9 .06 328

5. 00 35.61106 38.55709 9 5. 661 50 21.35265 8 . 98268

5. 00 40.69596 43.52386 97.04 1 29 21. 35265 9 .06328

5. 00 35.61102 38 . 90674 93 . 73392 21. 35265 8 . 98268

5. 00 40.69500 44 . 00241 97.19158 21. 35265 9.06328

5. 00 35.611 26 38.09200 93.44900 21.35265 8. 98268

5. 00 40.69516 43.42212 97. 01542 21.35265 9. 06328

5. 00 35.61172 38 .82605 93 . 71855 21. 35265 8 . 98268

5. 00 40.69500 43 . 32155 97.67962 21. 35265 9. 06328

5. 00 35.61100 38.61855 93 . 64334 21. 35265 8.98268

5.00 40.69600 44.73322 97.46662 21.35265 9. 06328

CODE

203

III

122

131

142

!51

212

221

232

241

252

311

322

331

342

351

- 61 -

SOLID PARTICLES - SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Table 25: Specific Gravity Determinations: Prepa red Wood Particles. - Resu.l ts

SATE AV TEMP. 10.03 ! 0. 03 oc

(OC) WOTAR WOWE FINWE HEAD STOPR

10.00 40 . 67453 43.84263 97 . 13541 21.37471 9.06308

10.00 35.61117 39.95352 94.10313 21.37471 8. 98268

10.00 40.67334 46.62340 97.41822 21.37452 9 . 06308

10.00 35.61145 39.59267 93.98270 21.37 45 2 8 . 98268

10.00 40. 67344 44.73732 97.44083 21 . 37452 9 .06 308

10.00 35 . 61133 38.45118 93.57543 21.37542 8. 98268

10. OS 40.67352 45.09764 97.57846 21.37542 9.06308

10 . OS 35 . 61107 38.94867 93.75524 21.37542 8.98268

10.00 40.67373 44.17167 97.24881 21.37542 9. 06308

10. OS 35 . 61123 39 .1 5393 93.82595 21.37542 8 . 98268

10.00 40.67367 44.10963 97. 20366 21.37471 9 . 06308

10.0 0 35.61129 40.00146 94 .1 0259 21.37471 8 . 98268

10.00 40.67345 45.36691 97.69140 21.37471 9.06308

10.00 35 . 61112 39.44933 93 . 95092 21.37471 8 . 98268

10.00 40.67379 44 . 26374 97 . 29353 21.37471 9. 06308

CODE

203

111

122

131

142

151

212

221

232

241

252

311

322

331

342

351

- 62 -

SOLID PARTICLES - SPECIF I C GRAVITY

Table 26: Specific Gravity Dete rminations; Prepared

Wood Particles, - Results

SATE AV. TEMP. 14.98 • o . o8 °c

(OC) WOTAR WOWE FINWE HEAD STOPR

15.00 40.67417 43.05833 96.82743 21.37567 9.06323

15.05 35 . 61038 39.52542 93.93203 21.37567 8.98255

15.00 40 . 67412 46.17814 97 . 95490 21.37567 9. 06323

15.00 35.61159 41. 79105 94.73461 21.37567 8. 98255

15.00 40.67400 45.39101 97.65976 21.37567 9.06323

15.00 35.61062 38.76121 93.65535 21.37567 8. 98255

15 . 00 40.67311 44.84861 97 . 47240 21.37567 9.06323

15.00 35.61105 40 . 16745 94.12818 21.37567 8.98255

15.00 40.67311 44.62117 97 . 37470 21.37567 9.06323

15.00 35.61146 38.60764 93.61381 21.37567 8.98255

15.00 40.67311 44 . 31507 97.26973 21. 37469 9. 06323

15.05 35 . 61089 40.12774 94 .1 3967 21.37469 8 . 98255

14.90 40.67316 46.26461 97.97319 21.37469 9.06323

14. 9P 35.61106 39.72025 93.384 16 21.37469 8 . 98255

14.90 40 .6 7300 4 4. 25904 97 . 26500 21.37469 9.06323

- 63 -


Table 27: Statistical Supplement

CODE SATE AV. TE~IP. 5. 00 ! 0. 00 °C

203 (OC) WOTAR WOWE FINWE HEAD STOPR.

342 5.00 35.60917 40. 33927 94.25274 21 . 35265 8.98268

341 5. 00 40.61600 45.17848 97 . 62866 21.35206 9.06328

342 5.00 35 . 61178 40.21475 94 . 21024 21. 35206 8. 98268

342 5. 00 35.61200 39.40872 93.92873 21.35206 8.98268

342 5. 00 35.61100 38.61855 93.64334 21.35265 8. 98268

- 64 -

SOLID PARTICLES: SPECI FI C GRAVITY

Ta ble 28: St ati s tica l Suppl ement

CODE SATE AV TEMP. 10. 00 • 0 . 00° c 203 (oC) WOTAR WOWE FI NWE HEAD STOPR

231 10 . 00 40.69634 44.34367 97. 30 776 21. 35180 9.06 328

23 2 10.00 35.61168 40.19518 94 .1 6488 21. 35180 8 . 98268

231 10.00 40 . 69610 43.86193 97. 13 512 21. 35180 9.06328

232 10 . 00 35.61120 39.07800 93 . 7802 5 21. 35180 8 . 98268

232 10.00 35 . 61107 38 . 94867 93.75 524 21. 37452 8. 98268

- 65 -


Table 29 : Statistical Supplement

ODE SATE AV. TEMP. 15 . 00 ± o. oo 0 c 203 (oC) WOTAR WOWE FINWE HEAD STOPR

131 15 . 00 40-6 9581 44 . 68216 97-40000 21. 35060 9.06333

132 I 5. 00 35.61119 39- 69593 93 .97611 21-35060 8. 98266

131 15.00 40-69568 45.03409 97.52213 21- 35060 9.06333

132 15.00 35 . 61141 38. 48613 93.54029 21- 35060 8.98266

131 15.00 40.67412 46.17814 97.95490 2L 37567 9.06323

- 66 -

SYSTEMS: CODIFICATION

Table 30: Code Word s

CODE WORD INTERPRETATION UNITS

BED Bed height em

BEOOO Bed height at no flow and no stirring em

BOVO Adapter volume ml

CLCO Cell Code

COO! Column diameter (bore) em

COLEN Column height em

covo Column volume without adapter ml

EBOVO Extended lower adapter volume ml

EVO Empty column volume ml

!FLO Float type CODE

IHG Manometer CODE

!COLE Packing length CODE

IPAK Packing type CODE

!PAR Particle size CODE

!VOID Voidance determination CODE I

!VOLT Transformer val tage volts

IWAT Water type CODE

~IE Flow meter CODE

PALEN Packing length em

PBF Upper manometer reading at ex t reme flowmeter reading e m

PBI Lower manometer reading at extreme flowmeter reading em

POVO Volume of packed column and adapter up to mark X ml

R2 Flowmeter reading, P.O. expts , spherical part p. r bit .

R22 Flowmeter reading , P.O. expts, irregular part jarbi t.

RR2 Flowmeter reading, B.E. expts, spherical part prbit.

RR22 Flowmeter reading, B.E. expts, irregular part P,rbit.

TEMP Temperature oc

TOVO Interstitial val. of packed col. incl. adapter ml

voco Vol. of empty col. incl. adapter to mark X ml

- 67 -

SYSTHIS: CODIFICATION

Table 31: Cell Codes

CLCD II Range of Application

500 999 P.O. method, empty column

1000 - 1999 P.O. method , sphe r ical particles

2000 - 2999 P . O. method, irregular particles

3000 3999 B.E. method . sphe r ical particles

4000 4999 B. E. method, irregular pa r tic l es

5000 5999 A. B. E. method , spherical particles

6000 - 6999 A. B. E. method, irregular particles

7000 - 7999 A. B. E. method , sewage pa r ticles

- 68 -


Table 3 2: Packing Types

! PAK CODE I

NONE (except screen) 0

FIR 1

CEDAR 2 HEMLOCK 3

STEEL 4

GLASS 5

DOW EX 6

POPPYSEED 7

- 69 -


Table 33: Particles Sizes

II!AR (cm- 4) I CODE I

no f4rtlcle 0 I

63 2

88 3

125 4

17 7 5

250 6

312 7

354 8

500 9

688 10

1188 11

3175 12

5000 13

- 70 -


Table 34: Standard Packing Lengths

- 71 -

SYSTEMS : CODIFICATI ON

Table 35: Flow Meters

CATALOGUE ME

I I

36 541 l2 1

36 - 541 Zl 2

36 541 - 30 3

- 72 -


Table 36: Floats

FLOAT !FLO

(MATERIAL) (I)

Sa ph ire 1

Glass 2

Stainless Steel 3

- 73 -

SYSTEMS: CODIF I CATION

Table 37: Flow Rates

SCALE ME ME ME

READ I NG 1 2 3

R2,RR2,R22 , RR22 !FLO ! FLO ! FLO !FLO ! FLO ! FLO

1 3 2 3 2 3

1 0. 6 3.3

2 0. 4 1.1 3. 0 15.0 16 . 0 7 5. 0

3 1. 1 2. 6 7. 5 33.0 37.0 135.0

4 2. 2 4 .9 14 . 5 58 . 0 62.0 205 . 0

5 3. 6 7 . 9 23 . 0 85.0 90.0 280.0

6 5. 6 11 .8 33 . 0 112.0 1 20.0 360.0

7 8. 0 16 . 0 43.0 14 0.0 152.0 445.0

8 10 . 5 20.3 54.0 168.0 183.0 525 . 0

9 13.4 24.8 65 . 5 197.0 217.0 610.0

10 16.4 29.5 78 . 0 227.0 252 . 0 700.0

11 19. 5 34.3 90.5 256.0 287.0 785.0

12 22. 7 39.4 102.5 287.0 322.0 875.0

l3 25.8 44.3 115.0 318.0 359.0 965.0

14 28.9 49.5 127.0 350.0 396.0 1055.0

15 32.0 54 . 5 139 . 5 382 . 0 434.0 1155.0

16 35.0 59 . 5 152.0 41 4 . 0 472.0 124 5 .0

17 164.0 44 7. 0 510.0 1340.0

18 176 . 5 4 79 . 0 548.0 1440.0

19 188.5 512 . 0 585 . 0 15 40.0

20 201.0 545.0 622.0 1635.0

21 659.0 1 7 30.0

22 695.0 1820.0

23 732.0 910.0

24 770 . 0 995.0

25 805.0 2070 . 0

- 74 -

SYSTHtS: CODIFICATION

TABLE 38: Manometers

MANOMETRIC FLUID CODE I

Water 0

Mercury 1

- 75 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPERIMENTS

Table 39: Empty tube, 1. 91 em bore column at 2 S°C

IPAK 0 !PAR 2 screens, 350 em -4 openings

!COLE 7 CLCD 500 SOl 502 503 504 505 506 507

!PAK 0 !PAR 2 screens, 4 7 em -4 openings

I COLE 7 CLCD 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515

- 76 -


Table 40: Empty tube experiments, 3.18 em oore column

at 25° C

!PAX 0 !PAR 0

!COLE 1 CLCD 516 I 517

!COLE 7 CLCD 518 I 519

- 77 -


Table 41: Spheri cal Partic l es, 1.91 em bore co lumn at 25°C

!PAK 4 !PAR 12

!COLE 1 CLCD lOll 1018 1019 1020 1021

!COLE 2 CLCD 1012 1017 1022 1023

!COLE 3 CLCD 1013 1014 1015 1016 1105 1106

IPAK 5 !PAR 13

!COLE 4 CLCD 1024

~~~! 11099\noo \nol lll 02 \no3\11o4 !COLE 7 CLCD 1026

- 78 -


Table 41 (Con t d): Spherical Particles 1.91 em bore column at

2S 0 c

!PAK 5 !PAR 6

!COLE 1 CLCD 1123 1124 112S 1126 1127 1128

! COLE 2 CLCD 1119 1120 1121 1122

!COLE 3 CLCD 111S 1!16 11!7 1118

!COLE 4 CLCD 1111 1!12 1113 1114

!COLE s CLCD 1107 ll08 1109 1110

IPAK 6 !PAR 6

!COLE 1 CLCD 1081 1082 1083 1084 108S 1086

!COLE 2 CLCD 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092

!COLE 3 CLCD 1093 1094 109S 1096 1097 10 98

IPAK 6 !PAR 9

!COLE 1 CLCD 1045 1046 104 7 1048 1049 1050 1051 10S2

!COLE 1 CLCD 1054 lOSS 10S6

!COLE 2 CLCD 10S7 10S8 10S9 1060 1061 106 2 1063 1064

!COLE 2 CLCD 1066 1067 1068

!COLE 3 CLCD 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074

!COLE 4 CLCD 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080

IPAK 7 IPA~ li

I COLEN 4 CLCI 1041 1042 1043 1044

COLEN em 32 - 9 CLCD 1039

COLEN em 34. CLCD 1040

1053

106S

- 79 -


Table 42: Spherica l Pa rt icles , 3 . 18 em bore column at 25° C

!PAX 4 !PAR 12

!COLE 1 CLCD 1002 1003 1004 1005

IPAK 5 ! PAR 13

!COLE 1 CLCD 1028 1029

!COLE 2 CLCD 1030 1031

I COLE 3 CLCD 1032 1033 1034

!COLE 4 CLCD 1035 1036 1037 1038

!COLE 7 CLCD 1008 1009 1010

- 80 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPER IME NTS

Table 43: Prepared Wood Particles , 1 .91 em bore column at 25° C

IPAK 1 !PAR 2

COLEN em 1.9 CLCO 2022 2033

COLEN em 5. 5 CLCO 2014

COLEN em 6.0 CLCO 2023

COLEN em 8. 9 CLCO 2034

COLEN em 19.3 CLCO 2013

IPAK 1 !PAR 3

COLEN em 4.1 CLCO 21231212412 125 12126 COLEN em 2. 0 CLCO 2127 2128

IPAK 1 !PAR 4

COLEN em 4. 7 CLCO I 202 1 COLEN em 15.4 CLCO 201 2

IPAK 1 !PAR 6

COLEN em 11.0 CLCO 12020 COLEN em 18.2 CLCO 2011

- 81 -


Table 43 Cont'd: Prepared Wood Particles, 1.91 em bore column at 25° C.

IPAK l 1 !PAR 9

COLE~~ em 16.5 CLCD 12019 COLEN em 21.0 CLCD 2010

- 82 -


Table 43 Cont'd: Prepared Wood Particles,

1.91 em bore column at 25° C

IPAK 2 !PAR 2

COLEN em 1.8 CLCD 2031


IPAK 2 !PAR 3

COLEN em s. 6 CLCD 210~ I 2106!2107!2108 COLEN em 2. 6 CLCD 2109 2110

IPAK 2 !PAR 4

COLEN em 3. 0 CLCD 2029 2030

COLEN em 3. 8 CLCD 2028

COLEN em 7. 0 CLCD 2002 2003

- 83 -


Table 43 Cont'd: Prepared Wood Particles, 1.91 em bore

column at 25° C

IPAK 2 !PAR 9

COLEN em 7 CLCD 12004,2005 12006129071200812009 COLEN em 12 CLCD 2026

- 84 -


Table 43: Cont'd: Prepared Wood Particles , 1.91 em bore column at 25° C

IPAK 3 !PAR 2

COLEN em 1.9 CLCD 2024 i 2035 COLEN em 3.8 CLCD 2025 2018

COLEN em 3. 9 CLCD 2036

!PAK 3 !PAR 3

COLEN em 3. 3 CLCD

1 209~ I 2092

1 I I . I

COLEN em 5. 2 CLCD 2087 2088 2089 2090 2085 2086

IPAK 3 !PAR 5

COLEN em 5. 2 CLCD 12079 I 2080 .

1

2081 I 2082

1

2083 I 2084

COLEN em 19.5 CLCD 2075 2076 2077 2078

IPAK 3 !PAR 6


COLEN em 26.6 CLCD 2070 2071 2072 2073 2074

- 85 -


Table 43 Con t 'd: Prepared Wood Par t icles, 1 . 91 em bo re column

at 25° C

IPAK 3 !PAR 8

COLEN em 24 . 2 CLCD 1 206 ~ 1 20 6~ I

2065 1 2066 COLEN em 24.5 CLCD 2063 2064

IPAK 3 !PAR 9

COLEN em 7. 0 CLCD 2037 2038 2039 2040 204 1 2042

COLEN em 12.3 CLCD 2047 2048

COLEN em 12.6 CLCD 2045 2046

COLEN em 14.0 CLCD 2043 2044

COLEN em 15 . 1 CLCD 201 5

COLEN em 24.9 CLCD 20 49 2050

IPAK 3 !PA~ 9

COLEN em 26. 0 CLCD 2051 20 5 2

COLEN em 27 . 0 CLCD 2053 20 54

COLEN em 39. 0 CLCD 2059 2060 2061 2062

COLEN em 39 . 5 CLCD 2057 20 58

COLEN em 42.0 CLCD 2055 2056

- 86 -

PRESSURE DROP EXP ERIMENTS

Table 44: Voidage Determinations: Drainage Variations

COD! COLEN TEMP IWAT IPAK !PAR EVOl EVOZ EV03 EV04 EV05 EV06

(em) (em) (OC) CODE I CODE I CODE I (ml) (ml) (ml ) (ml) (ml) (ml)

1. 91 7 zo 0 0 1 0 0

1. 9 1 7 zo 0 0 1 4 6 24 0 0 24 0 0 Z4 o 0 24 0 0 24o0 24o0

3 ol8 7 20 0 0 1 0 0 91.0 90 0 0 92 0 0 91.0 91.0 91.0

3 ol8 7 20 0 0 1 4 6 55 0 0 55 0 5 54 0 5 55o5 55 0 0 55 0 0

- 87 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPERH1ENTS

Table 45: Voidage Determinations: Lower Adaptor Volumes

COD! TEMP BOV01 BOV02 BOV03 BOV04 BOV05 BOV06 BOVO Range of Application

(em) (OC) (m 1 ) (m1) (m1) (m1) (ml) (m1 ) Av. CLCD to CLCD

L91 20.0 16 . 0 16.0 16 .0 16. 0 16.0 16.0 16 . 0 1000 to 1038

L91 25.0 10 .0 10.2 9.3 9.5 9.9 -- 9.78 1039 to 1098

3.18 20.0 33.0 34.0 34.0 34.0 35.0 34.0 34.0 1000 to 1038

COD!

(em)

1. 91

1. 91

1. 91

1. 91

1. 91

- 88 -


Table 46 : Voidage Determinations: Lower Adaptor Volume

Extended to Cover Part of Total Column

COLEN TEMP. EBOV01 EBOV02 EBOV03 EBOV04 EBOVOS EBOVO Range of Application

(em) (OC) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) Av. CLCD t o CLCD

7 25.0 30. 2 30.2 30 . 0 30.1 30.2 30.1 1039 to 10S6

7 25.0 30.2 30.2 30.0 30.1 30 .2 30.1 1039 to 1086

7 2S. 0 30. 2 30. 2 30.0 30 .1 30.2 30.1 1094 to 1098

14 2S. 0 so. s so. 2 so. 7 so. 7 so. s so.s 10S7 to 1068

14 2S. 0 so. s so. 2 so. 7 so. 7 so. s so. s 1087 to 1093

TEMP

(OC)

. 89 .


Table 4 7: Voidage Determinations, Spherical Particles, 1. 91 em

bore column at 15° C

COLEN BOVO TOV01 TOV02 TOV03 TOV04 TOV05 TOV06 TOVO CLCD

(em) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) Av. (CODE I)

7. 00 16.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 1011

14.00 16.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 1012

21.00 16.0 38.0 140.0 39 .0 40.0 39.5 39. 5 39.2 1013·1016

14.00 16.0 32.0 132.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 1017

7. 00 16.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 1018-1021

14.00 16.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 32 .0 32 .o 32 .o 1022,1023

28.00 16.0 48.0 48.0 48.0 48.0 48.5 48.5 48.1 1024,1025

49.00 16.0 75.0 74.0 73.0 74.0 74 .o 74.0 74.0 1026,1027

TEMP

(oC)

- 90 -


Table 48: Voidage Determinations: Spherical Particles


PALEN EBOVO TOV0 1 TOV02 TOV03 OV04 OV05 ovo CLCD

(em) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) verag CODE , 32.9(34 . 1) 30.1 170.5 170.7 170.5 170.9 170.4 170.6 1039,1040

28 .00 30.1 57.0 57. 5 59. 5 60. 5 59.0 58.7 1041-1044

7. 00 30.1 37.5 37.0 37.8 38.0 37 . 37.6 1045-1050

7. 00 30.1 38.0 36. 7 37.0 38.2 37. 37.5 1051-1056

14.00 50.5 63.7 64. 7 65.0 65.5 64.0 64.6 1057,1058

14.00 so. 5 65.0 65.0 65.0 65 . 0 65.2 65.0 1059-1064

14.00 50.5 63.7 64 . 7 65.0 65.5 64.0 64.6 1065-1068

21.00 30.1 50.2 so. 2 51.0 50.0 51.0 so. 5 1069 - 10 7 4

28.00 30.1 57. 5 57.0 55. 7 57.8 56. 7 56.9 107 5-1080

7 . 00 30.1 38.2 37. 7 37.2 37.2 38.0 37.7 1081-1085

14.00 50. 5 63.0 64.0 63.5 63.7 63.5 63.5 1087-1092

21.00 30.1 4 7. 2 47. 5 48.0 48.0 4 7. 5 4 7. 6 109 3- 1098

49.00 16.0 75.0 74.0 73 . 0 74.0 74.0 74.0 1099-1104

21.00 16.0 38.0 40.0 39 .0 40.0 39. 5 39.2 1105' 1106

35.00 30.1 56.0 58.0 56. 5 55. 2 56.0 56.3 1107-1110

28.00 30.1 52.5 52 . 0 52.7 53.0 52.7 52.6 1111-1114

21.00 30.1 47.2 4 7. 5 48.0 48.0 4 7. 5 4 7. 6 1115-1118

14.00 50 . 5 63.7 64.7 63.7 63.7 64 . 0 64.0 1119-1122

7. 00 30.1 37. 2 37.0 37. 2 37.0 37.2 37.1 1123-1128

7. 00 30.1 38.0 37.7 37.5 37.7 37.7 37.7 1129-1134

7. 00 30.1 37.0 37.0 37.0 37.2 37.2 37.1 1135-1138

7. 00 30.1 37.2 37.7 37.5 37 .5 37.2 37.4 1139-1144

- 91 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPERI~!ENTS

Tab l e 49: Voidage Determinations, Spherical Particles, 3 .18 em

bore column

TE~IP COLEN BOVO TOV01 TOV02 TOV03 TOV04 TOVOS TOVO Range ot l\pp1ication

(oC) (em) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) Average CLCD to CLCD

20.0 7. 00 34.0 55 . 0 54.0 55.0 55.0 55 . 0 55.0 1002 to 1005

15-0 49.00 34.0 185.0 185.0 185-0 185 .0 185 .0 18 5 .0 1008 to 1010

15.0 7 . 00 34.0 56.0 58.0 57.0 57.0 57.0 57-0 1028 to 1029

IS. 0 14.00 34.0 78.0 78 .0 78.0 78-0 78.0 78-0 1030 to 1031

IS. 0 21. 00 34.0 100.0 10 7 . 0 99.0 100 . 0 100.0 100.0 1032 to 1034

15.0 28.00 34-0 1 25 .0 125.0 1 25.0 125.0 1 25.0 1 25.0 1035 to 1038

TE~IP

(OC)

- 92 -


Table SO: Voidage Determinations: Prepa red Wood Particles

1. 91 em bore column

COLE~ BOVO TOV01 TOV02 TOV03 trovo4 TOV05 TOV06 TOVC Range of Application

(em) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1 ) (m1 ) (m1) Avo LCD t o CLCD

7 0 00 16 0 0 21. 5 21.0 21.0 2l o 5 21.0 20o5 21.1 2000 to 2001

7 0 00 16 0 0 23 0 0 23 0 0 23 0 0 23 0 5 23 0 5 230 0 23 0 2 2002 to 2003

7 0 00 16 0 0 24 0 0 2405 24 0 5 24 0 0 23 0 5 23 oO 23o 8 2004

7 0 00 16 0 0 24 0 0 24o0 24 0 5 24 0 0 23 0 0 23 oO 23 0 8 200 5 to 2009

- 93 -


Table 51 : Voi da ge De t erminations ; Prepar ed Wood Pa r tic l es

1 . 91 em bo r e col umn

CLCD 2010 20ll 2012 2013 2014 20 1S 2016 2017 2018 20 19

EVO 91.0 IIS.O ll7. 0 116 . 0 ll6.0 116.0 ll6. 0 116 . 0 ll6. 0 116 . 0

TOVO 62 . 0 90.0 96.0 103.0 lOS. 0 9S. 0 99.S ll3 . 0 109.0 96 . s PALEN 21.0 18 . 2 IS . 4 19 . 3 s. s IS . I 8 . 6 4.S 3 . 8 16 . s

CLCD 2021 2022 202 3 2024 202S 2026 2027 2028 2029 20 30

EVO 11 6.0 11 6.0 -- 116. 0 -- 116.0 116 . 0 116. 0 -· 116. 0

TOVO 107.0 11 3. s -· 110 .o ·- 97.0 104 .0 107 . 0 -- 110. 0

PALEN 4. 7 1.9 -· 1.9 ·- 1 2.0 8.S 3. 9 -- 3. 0

CLCD 2032 2033 2034 203S 2036

EVO 116 . 0 116 . 0 116.0 116 . 0 116.0

TOVO 106. s ll3 . 0 101. s 113.0 110.0

PALEN 6. 4 1.9 8.9 1.9 3. 9

2020

116.0

101.0

I I. 0

2031

116. 0

11 3. 0

1.8

- 94 -


Table 52: Voidage Determinations; Prepared Wood Particles


PALEN EBOVO TOV01 TOV02 TOV03 TOV04 TOVOS TOVO CLCD to CLCD

(em) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1) (m1)

7. 0 31.0 40.5 40.7 41.5 40.7 41. 7 41.0 2037 to 2042

14.0 50.5 70.0 69.7 70.2 70.0 69.7 69.9 2043 to 2044

12.6 so. 5 67.0 69.0 68.7 68.0 67.7 68.0 2045 to 2046

12.3 so. 5 66. 5 66.7 67.2 67.0 66.7 66.8 204 7 to 2048

24.9 30.1 58.0 57.5 57.7 57.2 58.2 57.7 2049 to 2050

26.0 30.1 60 . 0 59 . 5 59.7 59.0 60.0 59.6 2051 to 2052

27.0 30.1 64.2 62.0 63.5 64.0 64.0 63.5 2053 to 2054

42.0 30.1 80.0 81.0 80.2 80.5 80.0 80.3 2055 to 2056

39. s 30.1 70.0 71.5 69.8 70.2 71.0 70.5 2057 to 2058

39.0 30.1 69.5 69.0 68.5 70.0 70.0 69.4 2059 to 2062

24.5 31.0 56.0 56.5 56. 2 55.0 56.0 55.9 20fi3 to 2066

24. 2 30.1 54. 7 54. s 54.0 54.0 53.5 54.1 2067 to 2068

26.6 30.1 57.2 56.5 58.0 56.0 57.2 57.0 2069 to 2074

19 . 5 30.1 46.7 4 7. s 46.5 46.5 4 7. 0 46.8 207 s to 2078

s. 2 30.1 37.0 37.0 37.0 36.7 36. 7 36.9 2079 to 2084

s. 2 30.1 37. s 36.7 37.0 36.7 37.0 37 .o 2085 to 2090

3.3 30 . 1 35.0 35. 2 35.2 35.2 34.7 35.1 2091 to 2092

25.3 30.1 57.0 57.2 57.0 57.0 57.0 57.0 20 93 to 2098

10 . 9 so. 5 62.0 62.7 63.2 63.0 63.0 62.8 2099 to 2104

5. 6 30.1 37. s 38.0 37.5 37.0 37 . 7 37.5 2105 to 2108

2. 6 30 .l 36.2 36.0 35.7 35.7 36.0 35.9 2109 to 2110

25.4 31.0 58.2 58.2 59.0 58.2 58.2 58.3 21 11 to 2116

11.6 so. 5 64.5 64.5 64.0 64.5 64. 2 64.3 2117 to 2122

4.1 30.1 36.2 36.5 36.0 36.5 36.5 36.3 2123 to 2126

2. 0 31.1 34.2 34.0 34.0 34.2 34.2 34.2 2127 to 2128

- 95 -PRESSURE DROP EXPERIMENTS

Table 53: Pressure Drop Resul ts: Emp t y Co l umn

CLCD 500 CLCD SOl

ME !FLO I HG ME !FLO IHG

1 1 0 1 3 0

R2 PBF PB I R2 PBF PBI

0 . 0 0.0 0 . 0 0 .0 0.0 0. 0

16.0 0.2 0.0 16 . 0 0 . 2 0 . 0

CLCD 502 CLCD 503

ME ! FLO IHG ME ! FLO IHG

2 3 0 2 3 0

R2 PBF PBI R2 PB F PBI

0 . 0 o. 0 0. 0 0 . 0 0. 0 0 .0

20.0 0.2 0.0 20 . 0 0. 5 0.0

CLCD 504 CLCD 505

~IE ! FLO IHG ME I FLO IHG

2 2 1 2 3 I

R2 PB F PBI R2 PBF PBI

0. 0 0.0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 20 .0 0. 0 0. 0 20. 0 0 . 1 0. 0

CLCD 506 CLCD 507

ME IFLO IHG ME IFLO IHG

3 2 1 3 3 1

R2 PBF PBI R2 PBF PBI

0.0 0. 0 0 .0 0. 0 0 . 0 0.0 25.0 0 .1 0 .0 25.0 0.2 0 . 0

- 96 -


Table 53: Pressure Drop Results, Empty Column

CLCD SOB CLCD 509

ME IFLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

1 1 0 1 3 0

R2 PBF PBI RZ PBF PBI

OoO OoO OoO 0 oO OoO 0 oO 16 0 0 Oo3 000 16 oO 0 0 5 OoO

CLCD 510 CLCD Sll

ME !FLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

z 3 0 2 3 0

R2 PBF PBI R2 PBF PBI

OoO OoO OoO OoO OoO OoO 20 0 0 1.2 OoO ZOoO Zo7 0 oO

CLCD 51Z CLCD 513


2 2 1 z z 1


OoO Oo 0 0 0 0 0 oO 0 oO 0 0 0 ZOoO Oo2 Oo 0 20 0 0 Oo3 OoO

CLCD 514 CLCD 515


3 z 1 3 3 1


OoO OoO 0 oO 0 oO OoO 0 0 0 ZSoO Oo4 OoO zs 0 0 l.Z OoO

- 97 -


Table 53: Pressure Drop Results, Empty Column

CLCD 516 CLCD 517

ME lFLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

2 2 0 2 3 0

R2 PCF PCI R2 PCF PC!

0.0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0

20.0 0.2 0. 0 25.0 0.2 0. 0

CLCD 518 CLCD 519

ME !FLO IHG ME !FLO IH(

3 2 0 3 3 0

R2 PCF PCI R2 PCF PCI

0.0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0.0 0. 0

25.0 0.2 0. 0 25.0 0.2 0. 0

- 9R -

PRESSURE DROP EXPERHIENTS

Table 54: Pressure Drop Results: Spherical Particles

CLCD: 1002 CLCO: 1003

~11: !FLO IHG ~ IFLO IHG

l 2 0 2 3 0

R2 PCF PC! R2 PCF PC1

0. 0 0.10 0.00 12.5 0. 50 0. 00

5. 0 0.15 0. 00 15.5 0.70 0. 00

7.5 0.20 0.00 17.5 0.90 0.00

10.0 0.30 0.00 20.0 1.10 0. 00

12.0 0.20 0.00

15.0 0.20 0.00

17.5 0.30 0.00 CLCD: 1005

20.0 0.35 0. 00 ME !FLO IHG

3 3 0

R2 PCF PCI I CLCO : 1004 12. 5 2. 50 0. 00

~IE !FLO IHG 15.0 3. 65 0 . 00

3 2 0 17.5 4.60 0.00

20.0 6.10 0 . 00 R2 PCF PCI 22.5 7.20 0. 00

0.0 0. 00 0.00 25.0 8.80 0.00

5.0 0.10 0.00

7. 5 0. 30 0.00

10.0 0.45 0.00

12.5 0.60 0.00

15.0 0.90 0. 00

17.5 1.15 0. 00

I 20.0 1. 00 0.00

22.5 1. 75 0. 00

25.0 2.20 0. 00

- 99 -


Tab l e 54 Cant ' d: Pr essure Drop Results : Sphe r ica l Particles

CLCD 1008 CLCD 1009

ME !FLO IHG ME !FLO JHC

3 2 0 3 3 0

R2 PCF PC! R2 PCF PC!

0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 5.0 0.1 0 . 0 12.5 9. 8 0 . 0 7. 5 1.5 o. 0

10.0 2 . 0 0. 0 12 . 5 2. 6 0. 0 15 . 0 3. 6 0. 0 17. 5 4. 4 0. 0 CLCD 1011

20 . 0 5. 9 o. 0 22 .5 7. 2 0. 0 ME !FLO IHG

25.0 8. 5 0. 0 2 2 0

R2 PCF PC!

CLCD 1010 o. 0 0. 0 0. 0 2 . 5 0. 0 0. 0

ME !FLO JHG 5. 0 0. 2 0. 0 7. 5 0.3 o. 0

3 3 1 10.0 0. 4 0. 0 12.5 0 . 6 0. 0

R2 PCF PC! 15.0 0. 9 0. 0 17. 5 1.3 0 .0

15.0 48. 3 4 7.1 20.0 1. 7 0.0 17. 5 48. 5 46.9 20 . 0 48. 8 46 . 7 22. 5 48.9 46. 5 25.0 49.1 46.3 CLCD 1012

ME !FLO IHG

2 2 0

R2 PCF PC!

0. 0 0. 0 o. 0 2 . 5 0. 0 0. 0 5 . 0 0.1 0. 0 7. 5 0. 3 0 . 0

10.0 0. 6 0. 0 12.5 1.0 0 . 0 15.0 1.6 0. 0 17. 5 1.9 0. 0 20.0 2. 5 0 . 0

- 100 -


Table S4 Cont' d: Pressure Drop Results: Spherical Particles

CLCD: 1013 CLCD: 1014


3 2 1 3 3 1


0 . 0 47.8 47.7 12.0 49.1 46.3 2. s 4 7. 8 47.7 IS. 0 49.7 4S. 6 s. 0 4 7. 8 47.7 17. s so. 3 4S. 0 7. s 4 7. 9 47 . S 20.0 Sl.l 44.2

10.0 48.1 47.3 22. s Sl. 9 43.4 12. s 48.1 4 7. 3 2S. 0 S2. 9 42.3 IS. 0 48.2 4 7 . 2 17. s 48.3 4 7.1 20.0 48.6 46.9 22. s 48 . 7 46.8 CLCD: 1016 2S. 0 48 . 9 46 . s

ME !FLO IHG

2 3 0

CLCD : lOIS R2 PCF PC!

ME !FLO IHG 12. s 6. 3 0. 0

2 2 0 1S. 0 9. 0 0. 0

R2 PCF PCI 17. s 11. s 0. 0

0. 0 0. 0 0.0 2. s 0. 0 0 . 0 s . 0 0. 3 0. 0 7 . s 0. 6 0. 0 CLCD: 1017

10.0 1.1 0.0 12. s 1.7 0. 0

ME !FLO IHG

IS. 0 2. 6 0.0 2 3 0 17.S 3. 4 0.0 20.0 4.3 0. 0 I Kl PCf PC

12.5 3. 7 0. 0 1 s. 0 5. 4 0. 0 17. s 7.2 0. 0 20.0 9. 4 0. 0

- 101 -


Table 54 Cont'd : Pressure Drop Results : Spherical Partic l es

CLCD: 1018 CLCD: 1019

ME 1FLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

2 3 0 3 2 0


12.5 2. 7 0. 0 0.0 0. 0 -0. 2

15.0 4. 2 0. 0 5 . 0 0.1 -0. 2

17. 5 5. 4 0. 0 7. 5 2. 9 -0. 2

20.0 6.7 0.0 10.0 3. 2 -0. 2

12. 5 4 . 1 -0.2

15.0 6 . 3 -0.2

CLCD: 1020 17. 5 7. 8 -0.2

ME !FLO IHG 20.0 9.8 -0.2

22.5 12.4 -0 . 2 3 2 1

R2 PCF PC1

0.0 4 7. 7 4 7. 7 CLCD: 1021

25.0 48.1 4 7 . 7 ME !FLO IHG

3 3 1

CLCD : 1022 R2 PCF PCI

ME !FLO IHG 12.5 48. 1 47.3

3 2 1 15 . 0 48 . 3 4 7.1

17.5 48.5 46.9 R2 PCF PC! 20.0 48.8 46. 5

0 . 0 47.7 4 7. 0 22. 5 49.1 46.3

5. 0 47.8 4 7. 6 25.0 49 . 3 46.0

7. 5 47.8 4 7. 5

10.0 48.0 4 7. 4

12.5 48.0 4 7. 4

15 . 0 48. 1 4 7. 4

17.5 48.1 47 . 3

20.0 48 . 2 4 7. 1

22. 5 48.3 4 7. 0

25.0 48.5 46.9

- 102 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPER I MENT S

Tabl e 54 Cont' d : Pressure Drop Re sults~ Sphe r ical Partic les

CLCD: 1023 CLCD: 1024

?-1E !FLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

3 3 1 3 2 1

R2 PCF PC ! R2 PCF PC I

12 . 5 4 8. 6 46 . 7 0 . 0 47.8 4 7. 7

15.0 48.9 46.4 2. 5 4 7. 9 47.7

17. 5 49 . 3 46.0 5. 0 4 7 . 9 4 7. 7

20.0 49.9 45 . 4 7. 5 48 . 0 4 7. 6

22. 5 50.4 44.9 10.0 48 . 1 47 . 4

25.0 51.1 44 . 2 12.5 48 . 1 47 . 4

15.0 48. 1 4 7 . 4

17 . 5 48.1 4 7 . 4

CLCD : 1025 20.0 48.3 47.3

)1E !FLO IHG 22 . 5 48 . 4 47. 1

25.0 48 .6 46. 9 3 3 1

R2 PCF PC!

12 . 5 48 . 7 46 . 8 CLCD: 1026

15 . 0 49 . 1 46 . 4 ME !FLO I HG 17 . 5 49 . 6 45.9

20 . 0 50.1 45 . 3 3 2 1

22. 5 50.7 44. 6 R2 PCF PC !

25.0 50.4 44 . 0 0. 0 4 7. 7 4 7. 8

2.5 4 7. 8 4 7 . 6

5. 0 4 7. 8 4 7 . 6

7.5 47.9 4 7. 5

10.0 48. 1 4 7 .1

12.5 48 . 2 47 .2

15. 0 48. 3 47.1

17.5 48 . 4 46 .9

20. 0 48 . 6 46. 7

22. 5 48.9 46.5

25 . 0 49. 1 46.2

IE

3

~E

3

I 03 ·

PRESSURt DROP EXPERIMENTS

Tab l e 54: Con t'd: Pressure Drop Resu l ts; Spherica l Particles

CLCD: 1027 CLCD: 102 8

!FLO IHG ME ! FLO IHG

3 I 3 z 0

RZ PCF PC! R2 PCF PC!

12. s 4 9 . 3 46 .I 0 . 0 0. 0 ·0. 3 IS . 0 so .o 4S.3 2 . 5 0. 0 ·0. 2 17. s so. 6 44. 7 5 . 0 0. 0 -0.1 20.0 SL S 43.6 7 . 5 0.0 -0.1 22.5 52.7 42.4 10.0 0. 0 0. 0 25.0 53.9 41.1 1 2.5 0 . 2 0. 0

IS. 0 0. 2 0. 0

1 7. 5 0 . 4 0 . 0

20.0 0. 6 0. 0

CLCD: 1029 22 . 5 0 . 7 0 . 0

!FLO IHG 25.0 0.9 0. 0

3 0

R2 PCF PC! CLCD : 1030

1 2 . 5 1.0 0.0 ME IFLO IHG

I S . 0 1.5 0 . 0 3 2 0

1 7. s 2. 2 0. 0

20 . 0 3. 2 0. 0 R2 PCF PCI

22. s 4. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0

25.0 4. 8 0.0 2. 5 0.0 0. 0

5. 0 0. 0 0. 0

7 . 6 0.0 0.0

10.0 0. 6 0. 0

12. 5 0. 7 0 . 0

IS. 0 0. 8 0. 0

17.5 0. 9 0. 0

20.0 1.3 0. 0

22. 5 1.7 0. 0

25.0 2. 0 0.0

- 104 -


Table 54 Cont'd: Pressure Drop Results: Spherical Particles

CLCD: 1031 CLCD: 1032

ME !FLO IHG ME !FLO I !HG

3 3 0 3 2 0

R2 PCF PC! R2 PCF I PC!

12.5 2. 2 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 I 0. 0

15.0 3. 6 0. 0 2. 5 0 . 0 ! 0. 0

17.5 4. 9 0.0

20.0 6.6 0.0

5. 0 0. 3

I 0.0

7. 5 0.5 0 .0

22. 5 8.3 0 .0 10.0 1.1 0 . 0

25.0 10.1 0.0 I 12.5 1.0 0 . 0

15.0 1.0 0. 0

17.5 1.5 0. 0

20.0 2 .I 0. 0

CLCD: 1033 22.5 2. 6 0 . 0

ME !FLO I IHG 25.0 3.6 0 . 0

3 3 I 0

R2 PCF PC! I 12.5 3. 5 0. 0 CLCD: 1034

15.0 5. 4 0. 0 ME !FLO IHG 17. 5 7. 3 o .. 0

20 .0 10.0 0. 0 I zz. 5 1 2 . 5 0. 0 I

3 3 1

R2 PCF PC!

0. 0 4 7. 8 4 7. 7

25.0 48.3 47.2

- I OS -


Table 54 Cont'd: Pressure Drop Results: Spherica l Particles

CLCD: 1035 CLCD : 1036

ME IFLC IHG ME IFLC I HG

3 2 1 3 3 I

R2 PCF PC! R2 IPCF PC!

0 - 0 4 7- 8 4 7. 8 l2. 5 48.0 47.5

2- 5 47.9 4 7. 6 15.0 48 . I 4 7. 4

5. 0 4 7. 9 4 7 . 6 17. 5 48 . 2 4 7. 2

7. 5 4 7. 9 4 7. 6 20 . 0 48.3 4 7.1

I 0. 0 4 7. 9 4 7. 6 22-5 48.4 4 7. 0

12. 5 4 7 . 9 4 7. 6 25.0 48 . 5 46 . 9

15 . 0 4 7. 9 4 7. 6

17 . 5 4 7. 9 4 7. 5

20.0 4 7 . 9 47.6 CLCD: 1037 22. 5 4 7. 9 47 . 6

25.0 4 7. 9 4 7 . 6 ME !FLO IHG

-3 2 0

R2 PCF PC!

CLCD : 1038 0.0 0 . 0 0.0

ME !FLO IH G 2. 5 0.0 0. 0

3 3 0 5. 0 0. 0 0-0

7 . 5 0 . 4 0-0 R2 PCF PC! 10.0 0. 7 0. 0

12. 5 5. 2 0.0 l2. 5 l.S 0 . 0

15 . 0 7. 5 0. 0 IS. 0 1.7 0. 0

17.5 10.3 0. 0 l7. 5 2 . 2 0. 0

20.0 13.3 0-0 20 .0 2 . 9 0 . 0

22.5 3 . 7 0. 0

25.0 4. 5 0. 0

- 106 -


Table 54 Cont•d: Pressure Drop Results: Spherical Particles

CLCD: 1039 CLCD : 1040

ME !FLO! IHG ME !FLO I HG

3 I 2 1 3 3 1

' R2 PCF PC ! R2 PCF PCI

0. 0 42.9 42 . 9 0. 0 42.9 4 2 . 9

5. 0 43.3 42.4 4. 0 44.8 40.7

10.0 45. 7 39 . 8 6. 0 4 7.1 38.3

15.0 47.8 37 .6 8. 0 so. 0 35.4

: 20.0 51. 3 34 . 0 10.0 53.5 31. 7

25. 0 55.0 30 .0 I 1 2.0 57.2 27.9

CLCD: 1041 CLCD: 1042

~IE !FLO 1HG ME IFLO IHG

2 2 0 2 3 0

R2 PCF PC1 R2 PCF PC!

0. 0 0. 2 0 . 0 0. 0 0.1 0 . 0

4.0 2. 6 0. 0 2. 0 2. 2 0.0

6 . 0 6. 7 0. 0 3. 0 5. 7 0. 0

8. 0 11.1 0. 0 4.0 1.0 0.0

10.0 16 .1 0. 0 5.0 5.1 0. 0

12.0 22.0 0. 0 6. 0 0. 4 0. 0

14.0 28 . 7 0. 0 7. 0 7. 2 0. 0

· I 07 ·

PRtSSURt DROP EXPERIMENTS

Table 54 Cont ' d: Pressu re Drop Results: - Sphen ca l Partic le s

CLCD : 1043 CLCD: 1044

ME I FLO 111 G ME I FLO ; IHG

2 2 0 2 3 0

R2 PCF PCJ R2 PCF PC !

0. 0 38.0 38.0 0 . 0 38 .I 38.0

5.0 4 3. 4 38.0 2 . 0 40.0 38 .0

10.0 54.3 38.0 4. 0 4 7. 6 38.0

IS. 0 68.7 38.0 6.0 57.6 38.0

20.0 84.5 38.0 8. 0 69 . 2 38.0

10 .0 82.2 38.0 '

CLCD : 104 5 CLCD: 1046

ME IFLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

2 2 0 2 3 0

R2 PCF PC ! R2 PCF PC!

0.0 38. 7 38. 7 0. 0 38.7 38.7

4.0 40.9 38. 7 3. 0 43 .1 38.7

8. 0 4 7 . 3 38 . 7 5. 0 51.1 38.7

1 2.0 55.6 38.7 7. 0 58.9 38.7

16.0 63 . 6 38. 7 9. 0 68.5 38. 7

20.0 73.0 38.7 11.0 79.2 38.7

13.0 90. 9 38.7

- 108 -



CLCD: 1047 CLCD: 1048

ME IFLC IHG ME !FLO IHG

1 I 1 0 1 3 0

RZ PCF PC! R2 PCF PCI

0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0.0

3 . 0 0.3 0. 0 3. 0 0. 5 0. 0

6. 0 1.1 0. 0 6.2 2. 2 0. 0

9.1 2. 4 0. 0 8. 9 4. 0 0. 0

ll. 8 3. 6 0.0 12.2 6. 3 0 . 0

15. 5 5 . 5 0.0 15.1 8. 6 0. 0

I CLCD: 1049 CLCD: 1050

ME !FLO I IHG ME !FLO IHG

3 I 2 1 3 3 1

R2 PCF PC! R2 PCF PCI

0. 0 42.8 42.8 0 . 0 42.8 42.8

7. 0 44 . 3 41. 3 4 . 0 44. 3 41.3

10. 5 45.0 40.6 6. 0 45.6 40.0

15.0 46. 2 39.3 8. 0 4 7. 2 38 . 3

20.0 48.3 37.2 10.0 49.8 36.1

25.0 50.4 35.0 12.0 51.5 33.9

14 •. o 54.5 30.9

16 . 0 57.2 28.1

- 109


Table 54 Cont ' d: Pressure Drop Results: Spherical Particles

CLCD: 1051 CLCD: 1052

~IE !FLO IHG ME ! FLO IHG

2 2 0 2 3 0

RZ PCF PCl RZ PCF PCI

0. 0 40.2 40.2 0.0 40. 40.3

4 . 0 43.5 40.2 2. 0 42 . 40.3

8. 0 53 . 3 40.2 4.0 51. 40.3

12.0 64.0 40.2 6. 0 62 . 40.3

16.0 75. 5 40.2 8 . 0 74 . 0 40.3

20.0 8R. 8 40.2 10.0 87. 5 40.3

1 1.4 98 . 6 40.3

CLCD: 1053 CLCD : 1054

~IE I FLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

1 1 0 1 3 0

RZ PCF PC'! RZ PCF PC!

0.0 40.3 40 . 2 0.0 40 . 40. 2

3. 0 40.6 40.2 3. 0 41 . ( 40.2

6. 0 41. 5 40. 2 6.0 4 2. 9 4o:z

9.0 43 . 2 40.2 9.0 45 . 40 . 2

12 . 0 45 . 1 40. 2 12.0 48.6 40 . 2

14. 0 46.6 40 . 2 1 4.0 so. t 40.2

16.0 4 7. 9 40 .2 16.0 52 . 6 40 . 2

ME

3

R2

0 . 0 7. 0

10.0 15 .0 20.0 25.0

ME IFLO

3 2

R2

0. 0 7. 0

10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

- 110 -


Table 54 Cont 'd: Pressure Drop Results, Spherical Particles

CLCD: lOS S CLCD: 1056

!FLO IHG ME !FLO

2 1 3 3

PCF PC! R2 PCF PC!

42 . 8 42. 8 0. 0 42.8 42.8 44.5 41.1 5. 0 45.3 40.3 46.8 38.7 7. 5 4 7. 6 37. 8 4 7 . 0 38.5 10 . 0 so. 4 34.9 49.3 36.1 12 .s 53 . 8 31.4 51.9 33.4 15.0 57.8 27. 2

CLCD: 1057 CLCD: 1058

IHG

l

IHG ME !FLO IHG

1 3 3 1

PCF PC! R2 PCF PC!

42.8 42.8 0.0 42.8 42.8 44 .4 41. 2 3. 0 43.9 41.8 46 .6 38.9 6. 0 46.0 39.6 46.6 38.9 9.0 4 7. 7 36.7 48.8 36.6 1 2 .0 52 . 2 33. 1 51.2 34.1 15 .0 56.7 28. s

- Ill


Table 54 Cont 1 d: Pres sure Drop Results; Spher ical Particles

CLCD: 1059 CLCD: 1060

)!E !FLO !HG ~IE !FLO IHG

3 2 1 3 3 I


0-0 42-! 42 . 8 0. 0 42.8 42.8

7.0 44-! 40.7 3. 0 44 . 0 41.6

10-0 46.5 39 - l 6. 0 46.2 39.3

15-0 47 . 1 38.3 9. 0 49.4 35.9

20 . 0 49.6 35. 7 12.0 53 . 3 31.9

25.0 52.3 32.9 15 . 0 58.1 27.0

CLCD: 1061 CLCD: 1062

ME !FLO !HG ME !FLO IHG

2 2 0 2 3 0


0. 0 40.4 40.3 0 . 0 40.5 40.3

4. 0 43.6 40.3 2. 0 42.2 40.3

8. 0 54.6 40.4 4-0 52 .6 40.4

12.0 67.0 40.4 6 . 0 64 . 2 40.4

16-0 80.0 40.4 8.0 76-0 40 -4

20 . 0 94.9 40.4 10.0 91.1 40.4

11.0 99. 2 40.5

- 112 -PRESSURE DROP EXPERIMENTS

Table 54 Cont 'd : Pressure Drop Results; Spherical Particles

CLCD: 1063 CLCD: 1064

t-IE !FLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

I I 0 1 3 0


0-0 40.5 40.3 0.0 40.5 40 .3

3-0 40 . 9 40.3 3. 0 41.3 40.3

6. 0 41.5 40.3 6.0 42.8 40.3

9. 0 43.1 40.3 9. 0 45.7 40.3

12.0 45.2 40.3 1 2.0 48.6 40.3

15.0 4 7 . 5 40.3 15 .0 52.1 40.3

CLCD: 1065 CLCD: 1066


1 1 0 1 3 0

R2 PCF PC! R2 PCF PC !

0. 0 40.3 40. 2 0.0 40.3 40.2

3. 0 40.9 40.2 3. 0 41.5 40.3

6. 0 42.1 40.3 6.0 44.4 40.3

9 . 0 44.6 40.3 9. 0 48.5 40.3

12.0 4 7. 6 40.3 12 .0 52.6 40 .3

15.0 so. 6 40.3 15.0 56.9 40.4

- 113


Table 54 Cont'd: Pressure Drop Results; Spherical Particles

CLCD : 1067 CLCD: 1068

:.lE :i rLO IHG ~1E !FLO I HG

z z 0 z 3 0

i\Z PCF PC! RZ PCF PC!

0.0 40. 40.3 0.0 40.4 40.3

4. 0 45 . 40.3 3. 0 so .1 40 . 4

8. 0 60. 40.4 5.0 66.4 40.4

I Z. 0 77. 40.4 6.0 74 . 4 40 . 4

16 . 0 94. 40.4 7. 0 83 .l 40.5

18 . 0 106. 40. 5 8. 0 9Z. 6 40.5

CLCD: 1069 CLCD: 1070

ME I FLO 1HG ME !FLO IHG

z z 0 z 3 0

RZ PCF PC! RZ PCF PC!

0.0 40.4 40 . 3 0. 0 40.4 40.3

4 . 0 45. 7 40.4 z. 0 43.3 40.3

7. 0 56 . 8 40.4 4. 0 57 . z 40.4

10.0 69 . 6 40 . 5 6. 0 74.8 40 . 4

13.0 8 Z. 8 40.5 7. 0 83 . 3 40. 4

16.0 97.0 40.5 8. 0 93.9 40.5

- 114 -



CLCD: 1071 CLCD: 1072

ME I FLC IHG ME !FLO IHG

1 1 0 1 3 0

RZ PCF PC! R2 PCF PC!

0 . 0 40.4 40.3 0 . 0 40. 5 40.3

3. 0 40.9 40.3 3. 0 41.5 40.3

6. 0 44.2 40.3

9. 0 48-4 40.4

12.0 53.0 40.4

15.0 57-9 40-4 I

6.0 42.0 40.3

9 . 0 44. 7 40.3

12.0 4 7-6 40 .4

15.0 50-9 40.4

CLCD: 1073 CLCD: 1074

ME I FLO IHG ME IFLC IHG

3 2 1 3 3 1

R2 PCF PC! R2 CF PC!

0. 0 42.9 42.9 0. 0 2. 9 42.8

7.0 45.7 40.0 4. 0 5. 6 40.1

10.0 48.8 36.7 6.0 7-9 37-7

IS. 0 48.9 36.7 8.0 50-6 35.0

20.0 52.6 32.9 10.0 54.0 31.4

25.0 56.4 28.9 12.0 57.9 27.5

~I E

3

R2

0. 0 8 . 0

12 . 0 16 . 0 20.0 24 . 0

~IE

2

R2

0. 0 4. 0 8 . 0

1 2 . 0 16 .0 20.0

115 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPER!fiENTS

Table 54 Cont'd : Pressure Drop Resu lt Si Spherical Particles

CLCD: 1075 CLCD : 1076 --,----

!FLO IHG ME !FLO --r-;---2 3 3

PCF PC! R2 PCF PC!

42.9 42.8 0. 0 42.9 42 . 8 4 8. 2 37 .4 4 . 0 46. 5 39. 2 49. 2 36. 3 6.0 49 . 8 35. 7 52 . 3 33.1 8. 0 53 . 8 31. 6 56. 5 28 . 8 9 . 0 56.1 29. 2 60.7 24.5 10 .0 58. 3 26.9

CLCD : 10 77 CLCD: 1078

!FLO IHG ME FLO

2 1 2 3

PCF PC! R2 PCF PC !

42. 8 42.8 0.0 42. 8 42.8 43.1 42.5 4 . 0 43.8 41.8 44.1 41.5 8. 0 46.0 39.6 45.3 40.3 1 2.0 4 7. 6 36.9 46 . 3 39.3 16.0 51. 9 33.4 4 7 . 6 37 .9 20 .0 55.7 29.6

IHG

1

IHG

1

ME

1

ME

3

- 116 -


Table 54 Cont'd: Pressure Drop Results; Spherical

Particles

CLCD: 1079

!FLO

I

R2 PCF PC!

0. 0 40.5 40.4

3. 0 41.4 40.6

6. 0 4 2. 9 40.6

9. 0 4 7. 7 40.6

12.0 52.5 40.7

IS. 0 57.7 40. 71

CLCD: 1081

!FLO

2

R2 PCF PC!

0. 0 42.9 42.8

7. 0 45-4 40.3

10.0 48.2 37.4

15.0 48.4 37.2

20.0 51. 3 34.2

25.0 54.5 30.9

IHG ME

0 1

IHG ME

1

CLCD: 1080

!FLO

3

R2 PCF PC!

0-0 40.7 40.6

3. 0 42.4 40.6

6. 0 46.7 40.7

9.0 53.7 40.7

12.0 60.2 40.7

15.0 67.6 40.7

CLCD: 1082

!FLO

R2 IPCF PC!

0.0 42.9 42.8

4.0 45.5 40.1

6.0 47.5 38.1

8.0 49.9 35.7

10.0 52.6 32.8

12.0 55.7 29.6

IHG

0

IHG

. 117 .

PRESSURE DROP EXPERHlENTS

Table 54 Cont 1 d: Pressure Drop Resu lts, Spherical

Particles

CLCD: 1083 CLCD: 1084


2 2 0 2 3 0


0. 0 41.0 40.9 0.0 41.0 40 . 9

4. 0 46.6 41.0 2 . 0 44.4 41.0

8. 0 60.9 41. 0 4 . 0 58.6 41.0

I 2. 0 75.0 41. 1 6 .0 73 . 3 41.0

15 . 0 86.6 41.1 8. 0 89.3 41.1

18 . 0 00.9 41.1 9. 0 98.5 41.1

CLCD : 1085 CLCD: 1086


1 1 0 1 3 0


0. 0 41.1 41.0 0. 41.1 41.0

3 . 0 41.6 41.0 3. 42 . 1 41.0

6. 0 42.9 41.0 6. 45.1 41.0

9. 0 45.4 40 . 0 9. 0 49.2 41.1

12.0 48.2 41.1 12.0 53.5 41.1

\ 15. o 51. 3 41.1 15 . 0 58.0 41.1

- 118 -



CLCD: 1087 CLCD: 1088

HE !FLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

I I 0 1 3 0


0. 0 41.3 41.1 0. 0 41.3 41.1

3. 0 42.1 41.1 3. 0 42.8 41.1

6. 0 44.5 41.1 6. 0 48.6 41.1

9. 0 50.0 41.1 9. 0 55 . 8 4!.1

12.0 55.1 41.1 12.0 63.6 41. 2

15.0 60.8 41.1 15.0 72.2 41.2

CLCD: 1089 CLCD: 1090

HE !FLO IHG HE !FLO IHG

2 2 1 2 3 1


0.0 42.9 42.8 0.0 42.9 42.8

4. 0 43.2 42.5 4.0 44.0 41.6

8. 0 44.2 41.3 8. 0 46.4 39 .1

12.0 45.4 40.2 12.0 49.3 36.1

16.0 46.6 38.8 16.0 52.6 32.7

20.0 48.1 37.4 20.0 56.4 28.8

- !!9 -



CLCD: 1091 CLCD: l 092


3 2 l 3 3 l


0-0 42.9 42.8 0. 0 42-9 42.8

7. 0 47.8 37. 7 2. 0 44.9 40.6

10.0 53.4 3]. 9 4. 0 48 .I 37-4

!3. 0 5!.6 33 . 7 6. 0 51.7 33 . 6

16.0 54.6 30.6 8. 0 56.2 28.9

19.0 58.1 27.0 9.0 58.7 26.3

CLCD: 1093 CLCD: 1094


3 2 I 3 3 l


0. 0 42.8 42.8 0. 0 42.9 42-8

7. 0 49.2 36. 2 3. 0 47. s 37.9

9. 0 54. 5 30-7 4. 0 49.9 35. s II. 0 54.5 30. 7 s. 0 52.0 33.3

' 13.0 55.2 29.9

IS. 0 s 7 . 4 27.7

6.0 54.7 30.5 I 7. 0 57-7 27-4

ME

2

R2

0. 0 4.0 8.0

12. 0 16.0 20.0

ME

l

R2

0. 0 3. 0 6. 0 9. 0

12.0 15 .0

- 120 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPER IMENTS

Table 54 Cont 1 d: Pressure Drop Results: Spherical Particles

CLCD: 1095 CLCD: 1096

! FLO IHG ME !FLO

2 1 2 3

PCF PC! R2 PCF PC!

42. 8 42.8 0. 0 42.9 42.8 43. 3 42.3 3. 0 43. 7 41.9 44.8 40.8 6.0 46.1 39.4 46.4 39.1 9. 0 48.6 36 . 8 48.1 37. 3 1 2 .0 51.6 33.8 so. 0 35 . 4 15.0 55.0 30 . 2

CLCD: 1097 CLCD: 1098

FLO !HG ME !FLO

1 0 l 3

PCF PC! R2 PCF PC!

41. 3 41.3 0 . 0 41. 3 41.3 42 . 2 41.3 3. 0 43.0 41.3 44.9 41.3 6. 0 49 . 6 41. 3 so. 9 41.3 9. 0 58.9 41. 3 57.2 41. 3 1 2.0 67 . 2 41.4 64.0 41.3 15. 0 77. 3 41.4

IHG

1

IHG

0

I ME

I 3

ME

3

- I 2 I -



CLCD: 1099 CLCD: 1100

!FLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

2 1 3 3 1


0. 0 42.8 42. 8 0. 0 42.8 42.8

4. 0 42.8 42-8 4. 0 43 . 0 4l.7

8. 0 43.1 42.6 8 . 0 43.4 42.2

I 2. 0 43.1 42.5 12.0 44.1 41.4

16.0 43.3 42.3 16.0 45.1 40.5

20.0 43.6 42.0 20.0 46 . 5 39.0

24.0 43.9 41. 7

CLCD : 1101 CLCD< 110 2

!FLO IHG fiE !FLO IHG

2 0 3 3 0

R2 PCF PC ! R2 PCF PC !

0. 0 41.7 41.7 0. 0 41. 7 41. 7

5. 0 42.6 41.8 2. 0 4 2 .9 41.8

10.0 53.0 41. 8 4. 0 4 5-6 41.8

15.0 52-6 41.8 8. 0 56. 2 41.8

20.0 60-7 41.8 2. 0 74 . 7 41.9

25.0 70.8 41.8 6 .0 99.5 41.9

- 122 -


Table 54 Cont'd: Pressure Drop Results: Spheri c al Particles

CLCD: 1103 CLCD : 1104

ME IIFLO IHG ME I !FLO IHG

z I 2 0 z I 3 0

RZ PCF PC! RZ PCF PC!

0. 0 41.7 41.7 0-0 41.7 4L 7

4.0 42.0 41.8 5-0 4 2-8 41.8

8 - 0 4 2 .6 41.8 10.0 45.5 41.8

12.0 43.4 41.8 15.0 49 . 9 41.8

16.0 44.4 41.8 20.0 56 - 5 41.8

20.0 45.7 41.8

CLCD: 1105 CLCD: 1106

ME !FLO IHG ME I !FLO IHG

2 3 0 21 3 0

R2 PCF PC! RZ PCF PC!

0.0 41.2 41.2 0. 0 41.3 41.3

5. 0 42.2 41.3 4. 0 44 .l 41.4

10.0 44-4 41.3 8. 0 52.6 41.4

15-0 4 7. 9 41.4 12-0 66.7 41.4

20.0 52.9 41.4 16.0 85 . 8 41.4

- I 23


Tab l e 54 Cont ' d : Press ur e Drop Res ul ts: Sphe r ical Particles

CLCD: 110 7 CLCD: 110 8

ME ! FLO I HG ME ! FLO ! HG

2 2 1 2 3 1


0. 0 42 . 8 42 . 8 0. 0 42 . 8 42 . 8 3. 0 42. 5 4 2. 1 2. 0 44. 2 41.4 4. 0 44 .9 40 .8 3. 0 46.5 39. 1 5. 0 I 46 . 4 39 . 3 4. 0 49 . 7 35.9 6. 0 4 7. 7 37 . 9 5 . 0 52.6 32.9 7. 0 49.0 36. 5 6 . 0 55.3 30. 1 8. 0 50. 3 35. 2 7. 0 58 . 4 26 . 8 9. 0 51. 7 33 . 8 0 . 0 53 .1 32 . 4 l.O 54. 6 30 . 8 2 . 0 56 . 2 29 . 2 3 . 0 57.9 27. 5 CLCD: 1109 4 . 0 59 . 6 25 . 6

ME ! FLO IHG

1 1 0

R2 PCf I PC !

0 . 0 42.1 41.8 2 . 0 43.5 41 . 8 3. 0 45.3 41. 8 4. 0 49 .1 41. 8 5 . 0 55.3 41. 8 6.0 62 . 6 41.9 7. 0 70 . 8 41.9 8 . 0 79.6 41. 9 9. 0 83.3 41. 9

10.0 91.1 41.9 11.0 98 . 0 41. 9

124 -


Table 54 Cant' d: Pressure Drop Results: Spherical Particles

CLCD: 1110 CLCD: Ill!

ME !FLO IHG ME !FLO HG

1 3 0 I 1 0

R2 PCF PCI R2 PCF PC!

0.0 42- 2 4J. 0. 0 42.0 41.8

LO 42-9 41.8 2 . 0 43.8 41.8

2-0 44-2 41.8 3. 0 46 .I 41.8 '

3-0 SO .I 41.8 4-0 48.8 41.8

4.0 58- 7 4!.8 5. 0 54.0 41.8

5-0 71.7 41.9 6. 0 59.7 41.8

6-0 82-4 41.9 7. 0 66.7 41.9

7-0 88-4 41.9

i 8-0 98.3 41.9

8. 0 74.0 41.9

9. 0 76.3 41.9

10.0 84 . 1 41.9

11.0 90-3 41.9 CLCD: 1112 12.0 96. 7 41.9

ME !FLO IHG

1 3 0 CLCD: 1113

R2 PCF PC! u- u 4t- t u.o ME !FLO IHG

LO 42-6 41.8 2 2 1 2. 0 44.6 41.9

3. 0 49.3 41.9 R2 PCF PCI

4.0 57.9 41.9 0-0 42 .9 42.8

5. 0 70.0 41.9 3. 0 43.5 42.3 4. 0 44. 7 41.0

6.0 75.1 41.9 5. 0 46 . 0 39.7

7. 0 82.2 41.9 6. 0 47.1 38.5 7. 0 48.0 37.5

8 . 0 90 . 9 41.9 8. 0 49-2 36.5 9. 0 so. 3 35 . 2

10.0 51.5 34 . 1 11.0 52.9 32.7 12.0 54.2 31.3 13 . 0 55.6 29.8 14.0 56.9 28.5

- 125 -


Table 54: Cont 'd ; Pressure Drop Results; Spherical Particles.

CLCD: 1114 CLCD: 1115

IE !FLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

l 3 1 2 2 1


0. 0 42. 9 42 . o. 0 42 . 9 42 .8

2 . 0 44. 0 41. 3 . 0 43 . 3 42.3

3.0 46.1 39 . 4.0 44.2 41.4

4.0 48. 5 37. 5. 0 45 . 2 40.4

5. 0 51.0 34. ( 6. 0 46.3 39. 3

6. 0 53. 2 32. 7. 0 4 7 . 2 38.3

7. 0 55. 0 29.9 8. 0 48.1 37 . 4

9. 0 49 . 2 36.3

10.0 50. 2 35.3

11.0 51. 3 34. 1

1 2.0 5 2 . 5 32 . 9

CLCD: 1116 1 3 . 0 53.6 31. 7

14.0 54. 7 30 . 6

~IE !FLO !HG 15.0 55 . 8 29. 5

16.0 56.9 28 . 3 2 3 1 17.0 58 . 1 27. 1

R2 PCF PC! 18 . 0 59 . 2 26.0

0. 0 42.9 42. 8

2. 0 43 . 9 41. 8

3. 0 45.5 40.0

4. 0 4 7. 6 37.9

5. 0 49.6 35 . 8

6. 0 51.4 34.0

7. 0 53.4 32 .0

8 . 0 55.6 29. 7

- 12 6 -


Table 54: Cont'd Pressure Drop Results; Spherical Particles

CLCD: 1117 CLCD : 1119


1 1 0 1 1 0


0. 0 42.4 42.0 2.0 43.8 42 . 0 3. 0 45.3 42.0 4.0 4 7.1 42 . 1 5. 0 so. 9 42.1 6. 0 55. 7 4 2.1 7. 0 61. 7 42. 1 8. 0 66.8 42.1 9 . 0 72. 2 42.1

10.0 78.7 42.1 11.0 84. 5 42 . 1 12 .0 89. 7 42 .1 13.0 96.0 42.1 14.0 102.0 42.1

o. 0 42. 7 42.4 2. 0 43.8 42.4 3 . 0 44.9 42 . 4 4. 0 46 . 9 42.4 s. 0 so. 0 42.4 6. 0 54 . 4 42.4 7. 0 59. 3 42.4 8. 0 60.5 42. 9.0 65.9 42.

10.0 71.0 42. 11.0 75.3 42. 12.0 79. 2 42. 13.0 84.4 42. 14.0 88.9 42. 15. n 94.0 42. 16.0 98.4 42.

CLCD: 1118

ME !FLO IHG --- I CLCD: 1120

1 3 0 ME !FLO IHG

R2 PCF PC! I 3 0

0. 0 42. 4 42.0 1.0 42.9 42.0 R2 PCF PC! 2 . 0 44 . 9 42.1 3. 0 48 . 6 42.1 0. 0 42. 7 42.4 4.0 54.5 42.1 1.0 43.2 42.4 5. 0 62.6 42.1 2. 0 44.9 42.4 6. 0 71.0 42.1 3. 0 4 7. 8 42.4 7. 0 82 . 3 42.1 4 . 0 52 . 4 42.4 8 . 0 90.8 42.0 5 . 0 58.0 42.4 9. 0 101. 8 42.1 6. 0 62. 5 42.4

7. 0 67 . 3 42.4 8 . 0 73.3 42.4 9. 0 79.9 42.4

10!0 87.4 42.4

- 12 7 -

PRESSURE DROP EX PER !f!ENT S

Table 54 Cont'd: Pressure Drop Results; Spher ical Particles

CLCD: 1121 i

CLCD: 11 23 ~

ME I !FLO : !HG

2 I 2 1

ME I

!FLO ]rHG

3 I 2 11


0. 0 42.9 42.8 3 . 0 43.3 42 . 4 4. 0 43. 9 41. 8 5. 0 44. 7 40 . 9 6.0 4 s. 4 40. 2 7 . 0 46. 0 39 . 7 8 . 0 46. 7 39 . 0 9. 0 4 7. 5 38. 2

10.0 48.1 37. 4 11. 0 48.9 36 . 6 12 .0 49.7 35 . 8 13.0 so. 5 35.0 14.0 51. 3 34. 2 15. 0 52.1 33 . 4 16 . 0 52.9 32 . 5

0. 0 42 . 9 4 2. 8 5 . 0 44.6 41.1 6. 0 46.9 38. 7 7. 0 48. 9 36. 7 8. 0 so . 9 34.6 9 . 0 53. 4 31. 8

10.0 55.4 29.9 11.0 52.4 32. 9 12 . 0 52.8 32. 5 1 3. 0 53.6 31.6 14 . 0 54. 7 30 . 6 15. 0 55. 8 29 .4 16.0 56 . 9 28.4 17.0 58 . 3 26 . 9

1 7.0 53 . 7 31. 6 18.0 54.6 30. 8 19.0 55. 5 29.8 20.0 ; s6.3 29.0

CLCD: 1124

ME ! FLO IIHG

CLCD : 1122 3 3 11

ME !FLO IHG RZ PCF PC!

2 3 1 0. 0 42.9 4 2. 8

R2 PCF PC! 2. 0 45 . 5 40.0 3. 0 4 7 . 4 38. 2

0. 0 42.9 42. 8 2. 0 43.6 42.1 3. 0 44 . 8 40 . 9 4. 0 46. 2 39 .4 5. 0 47 . 7 37. 8

4. 0 49. 1 36. 5 5 . 0 51. 2 34. 3 6. 0 53. 7 31. 7 7 . 0 56 . 2 29.1 8. 0 58.9 26 . 4

6. 0 49.1 36.4 7. 0 so. 6 35.0 8 . 0 52. 2 33. 4 9. 0 53 . 9 31.5 o. 0 55 . 5 29. 8

- I 28 -


Table 54 Coot • d: Pressure Drop Results; Spherical Partic le s

CLCD : 1125 CLCD: 1126

ME J !FLU IH~ ~IE FLU rm;-

zj 2 1 2 3 1


0 . 0 4 2. 9 42.8 o. 0 42 . 9 42.8

3 . 0 4 3 . 1 42 . 6 2. 0 43. 2 42. 5

4 . 0 43. 3 42. 3 3 . 0 43.9 41. 8

5 . 0 43 . 7 42.0 4. 0 44.6 41.0

6.0 44 . 0 41.6 5. 0 45. 3 40.4

7. 0 44. 4 41. 3 6.0 45.8 39 . 9

8. 0 44.7 40.9 7. 0 46.5 39 . 2

9. 0 45 .0 40.6 8. 0 4 7. 2 38. 5

10.0 45. 3 40. 3 9. 0 4 7 . 9 37 . 6

11.0 45. 7 39.9 10 .0 48. 7 36.8

12.0 46.1 39.6 11.0 49.6 36.0

13. 0 46. 4 39. 2 12.0 so . 5 35. 1

14 . 0 46.8 38.8 13. 0 51. 4 34.2

15.0 4 7 . 2 38.4 14.0 52. 2 33 . 3

16.0 4 7. 7 38.0 15.0 53.1 32.4

17.0 48 .1 37. 5 16. 0 54.0 31. 4

18.0 48. 5 37.0 17. 0 55.0 30.4

19.0 48 . 9 36. 4 18 .0 55 . 9 29.4

20.0 49.4 36.1 19.0 57 . 0 28. 3

lO. 0 57.9 27.3

- 129 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPERUIENTS

Table 54: Cont 'd: Pressure Drop Results; Spherical Particles

I CLCD: 1127

ME !FLO IHG

I I 0

R2 PCF PC!

0. 0 42.7 42.6 1.0 42.8 42.6 2 . 0 43.1 42.6 3 . 0 43.8 42.6 4. 0 45.0 42.6 5 . 0 46.5 42.6 6. 0 48.2 42. 6 7. 0 so . 6 42.6 8. 0 51.2 42.6 9. 0 52 . 8 42.6

10.0 55. 0 42.6 11.0 56.9 42.6 12.0 58. 8 42. 6 13.0 61.2 42.6 14. 0 63.1 42.6 IS. 0 65. 3 42. 7 16.0 67. 3 42. 7

- 130 -


Table 54 Cont 'd: Pressure Drop Results: Spherical Particles

CLCD: 1128 CLCD: 1129


1 3 I 0 1 1 0

Kl PCF PCI R2 PCF I PC

0. 0 42.7 42.6 0. 0 42.7 42. l.O 43.0 42.6 3.0 44.3 42 . t 2. 0 43.7 42.6 6.0 so. 8 42. t 3. 0 45.3 42.6 9.0 59.1 42 . t 4 . 0 4 7. 6 42.6 12.0 69.1 42. t 5. 0 so . 4 42.6 IS. 0 79 . 7 42. t 6.0 51.1 42 . 6 7. 0 53.9 42.6 8. 0 56.6 42.6 9. 0 60.1 42.6

10.0

I

63.5 42.6 11.0 66.2 42.7 12.0 69 . 4 42.7 13.0 73.1

142 .7 14.0 76.4 42.7 15 . 0 79.5 42 . 7 16.0 82 . 4 42.7

CLCD: 1131 I ME !FLO rHG I

2 1

R2 PCF PCI

0. 0 4 2. 9 4L~ 4. 0 43. 7 42. 5. 0 44 . 2 41. 5 6. 0 44.8 40.9

CLCD: 1130 7. 0 45.3 40.4 8. 0 45.8 39.9

ME !FLO !HG 9. 0 46.3 39. 10.0 46 . 8 38.8

1 3 0 11.0 4 7. 4 38 . 2 12.0 48.1 37 . 6

R2 PCF PCI 13.0 48.7 36.9 14.0 49.3 36.2

0. 0 42.7 42.5 3. 0 46.6 42.6 6.0 57 . 1 42.6 9. 0 73.3 42.6

12.0 88.7 42.6 15 . 0 103.4 42.6

15.0 so. 0 35.6 16.0 so . 6 34.9 17.0 51.4 34.0 18.0 52.1 33.4 19.0 52.8 32.7 20.0 53.5 32.0

- 131 -


Table 54: Con t' d : Pressu re Drop Res ul ts : Sphe ri ca l Pa rti c l es

CLCD: 1132 CLCD: 1 133

ME I !FLO IHG ME !FLO HG

21 3 1 3 2 1


0 . 0 42.9 42.8 0 . 0 42.9 4 2.8 3. 0 44 .3 41.3 7 . 0 52.8 32 . 6 4 . 0 45 .5 40 . 1 8 . 0 56.6 28 . 6 5 . 0 46 . 7 38.8 9 .0 60.0 25 . 2 6.0 4 7 . 9 37 . 7 10. 0 61. 7 23 . 7. 0 49.0 36 . 5 11 .0 59.9 25 . 8. 0 50. 2 35.2 1 2.0 60 . 9 24. 9. 0 51.7 23 . 8

10.0 53. 1 32.3 11.0 54 . 5 30.8 12.0 56.0 29.3 CLCD: 1135

MI !FLO I HG

CLCD : 11 34 2 1

ME ! FLO IHG R2 PCF : PC!

3 3 1 0. 0 4 2 . 9 4 2.8

R2 PCF PC ! 3 . 0 43.4 42 .3 4 . 0 44 . 4 41. 3

0 . 0 42.9 42.8 2 . 0 47.3 38 . 2 3. 0 so. 6 34 . 8 4.0 54.0 31.8 5. 0 57.8 27.5 6 . 0 61. 8 23.4

5 . 0 4 5. 5 40. 1 6 . 0 46 . 7 38.9 7. 0 47 . 8 37.8 8 . 0 48.9 36.7 9.0 50.2 35 . 4

10.0 Sl. 2 34.3 11. 0 52 . 5 33.0 12.0 53.7 31. 7 1 3 . 0 55 .0 30 . 4 14.0 56.2 29. 1 1 5. 0 57 . 4 27 .8 16 .0 58 .8 26.5

- 132 -


Table 54 Cont'd: Pressure Drop Results; Spherical Particles

CLCD: l!36 CLCD: l!38


2 3 I I 3 0


0.0 42.9 42.8 2. 0 43.9 4!.8 3. 0 45. 8 39.9 4. 0 48. 2 37. 3

0.0 42 .9 42. 2. 0 46.1 42. 3 . 0 so. 2 42. 4. 0 55.6 42.

I s. 0 50.7 34.8 6. 0 52.9 32.5

I 7. 0 55 . 3 30 .l

s. 0 66. 2 42. 6 . 0 75.0 42. 7 . 0 84. 2 42 .

8. 0 58.0 27.4 8. 0 94.3 42.

CLCD: 1137 CLCD: 1139

M !FLO !HG ME !FLO !HC

l l 0 1 I 0


0. 42.9 42. s 2. 44.2 42.6 I ~: o I 45: 3 I:~:! 3. 46.0 42.6 3. 0 so. 0 42.4 4. 49.0 42.6 4. 0 56.1 42.4 5. 52.6 42 . 6 s. 0 67. 2 42.4 6. 58.0 42. 6 6.0 78. 5 42.4 7. 64.2 42.6 7. 0 90 . 2 42.4 8. 70. 2 42.6 9. 76.6 42.6

10. 83.7 42.6 11. ~ 90.2 42.6

I 2. 95. 3 42.6 CLCD: 1140

ME IFLC IHG

1 3 0

K ll'l.l" _!'\..

~:~ 1:~: ~ :~: 4 2. 0 49.5 42.4 3 . 0 60. 7 42 . 4 4.0 78.0 42.4 s. 0 96.0 42.4

- 133 -


Table 54 Con t 1 d: Pressure Drop Results: Spherical Partic l es

I CLCD: 11 41 CLCD: 1142

ME !FLO I HG ME !FL01

I IHG

1 1 1 1 3 1 I


0-0 42 . 9 42.8 0.0 4 2.9 42. 3. 0 43 . 2 42.6 3. 0 43. s 42. 6. 0 44 . 1 41.8 6 . 0 45 . 5 40 . 9 . 0 45 . 7 40.1 9. 0 48 . 0 37 .

12.0 47 . s 38.3 12 .o so. s 35. 1 s. 0 49.3 36.4 15 . 0 53 . 2 32.

I C D LC : 114 CLCD: 1144

I ~IE IFLO IHG ME !FLO ! IHG

: 2 2 I 1 2 3 1


~: ~ j42. 9 4l. 44 . 2 41. s ~-"

4l. y 4l.H 2. 0 45.2 40. s

4 . 0 46.3 39.4 3. 0 48 . 9 36 . 7 s. 0 48.6 37 . 0 4 . 0 53.8 31. 7 6. 0 so. 9 34.7 s. 0 58. s 26.8 7 . 0 53.0 32. s 8. 0 55.2 30.3 9. 0 57 . s 27 . 9

10.0 59.8 25.4

- 134 -


Tab l e 55: Pressu re Drop Results: Prepared Wood Pa rt icles

CLCD: 2000 CLCD: 2001

ME !FLO I HG ME !FLO IHG

2 2 I 2 3 1

R22 PCF PC! R2Z PCF PCI

0.0 4 7. 7 4 7. 7 12 .5 61.2 33. 2. 5 47.7 4 7 . 7 15 . 0 63 .8 3l.C 5. 0 48.6 46 . 9 17. 65.3 29. 7 . 5 49 . 8 45.5

10.0 51.4 44.0 12 . 5 53 .1 42. 1 15.0 55 . 7 39 . 6 I CLCD : 20 03 1 7 . 5 58.2 36.9 20.0 59 . 7 35. 2 Me -cu I'H"

2 3 1

R22 PCF PCI CLCD: 200 2

12.5 61.6 33. ME !FLO IHG 15.0 63.4 31.

17.5 65.3 29. 2 2 1

R22 PCF PC! CLCD: 200 4

0. 0 4 7. 7 47 . 7 2 . 5 4 7. 7 4 7 . 7 ME !FLO IHG 5 . 0 49.8 45.5 7.5 52. 1 43.2 2 2 1

10.0 55.2 40.1 1 2.5 58.4 36.8 R22 PCF PCI 15.0 60 . 4 34.6 17.5 61.4 33.9 0. 0 47.6 4 7.

z.s 47.6 4 7. 5 . 0 47.6 47.

CLCD: zoos 7. 5 4 7. 9 4 7. 10.0 48 . 0 4 7 . 5

ME !FLO IHG 12.5 48.1 47. 15.0 48.3 4 7. 2

2 3 1 17.5 48.3 4 7. 2 20. 0 48 . 4 47 . 1

R22 PCF PC!

12 . 5 48. 7 48 . 8 15.0 49.2 46 . 4 17 . 5 49 .5 46.0 20.0 49.8 45.6

- 135 -


Table 55 Cont'd: Press ure Drop Res ults : Prepared wood particles

CLCD: 2006 CLCD: 2007

ME I FLO IHG ~IE !FLO ! IHG

3 2 i I 3 3 I

i R22 PCF PC! R22 PCF PC!

' 0. 0 i 47 .8 47.8 12. 5 50.3 45 .I 2 . 5 47.8 4 7 . 8 5 . 0 ' 4 7 . 9 4 7 . 7

IS. 0 51.3 44.0 17. 5 52 .3 43.0

7 . 5 48.1 4 7 . 4 20.0 53.5 41.9 10. 0 48 . 3 4 7. 2 22.5 54. 5 40. 7 12 . 5 48.4 4 7 . 0 25.0 56.0 39.3 IS . 0 48 . 7 46.8 17. 5 48.9 46.5 20 . 0 49 . 3 46.2 22 . 5 49.7 45.8 25.0 49.9 4 5. 5 CLCD: 2008

ME I FLO ! IHG

CLCD: 2009 2 2 0

ME I FLO IHG R22 : PCF PC!

2 3 0

R22 PCF PC!

0 . 0 1 o. o 0. 0 2. 5 0. 4 0. 0 5. 0 0. 8 0. 0

12. 5 10.4 0. 0 7. 5 1.6 0. 0 10 . 0 2 . 8 0.0 12. 5 4 .I 0.0 IS . 0 5. 5 0. 0 17. 5 7 .I 0.0 20.0 8. 8 0. 0

- 136 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPERI MENTS

Tabl e 55 Cont ' d: Pressu re Drop Resu l ts : Prepar ed wood part ic l es.

CLCD: 2010 CLCD: 2011

ME ! FLO HIG ~I E !FLO IHG

3 3 1 3 3 1

R22 PC F PC ! BED (em) R22 PCF PC! BED (cm)

0 . 0 43 .0 43.0 20 . 8 0. 0 43 .0 43. 18. 2 4. 0 4 3. 6 42.4 17.9 5. 0 44. 6 41. 15. 2 6 . 0 44.4 41.6 1 7 . 7 8 . 0 48 .6 37 . 13 .3 8. 0 4 5 . 0 40. 9 1 7. 5 10 . 0 so. 6 3 5 . 13 .0

10.0 46 . 3 39 . 6 17.0 13 . 0 55.6 30. 12 .4 12 . 0 48.4 37 .5 16.6 14. 0 58. 6 26. 11.7 14.0 50.5 35.3 16.3 16.0 53.0 32 .5 IS . 8 18.0 56.3 29.4 15 . 5 20.0 59 . 5 26.0 15 . 2 CLCD: 20 13

ME ! FLO I HG

CLCD: 20 1 2 3 3 1

ME !FLO IHG R22 PC F PC! BED(cm)

3 3 1

R22 PC F PC! BED(cm)

0. 0 43 . c 4 3. ~11 2. 0 4 . 0 60. 25 . 0 3.9

0 . 0 43 .0 43.0 16 . 5 5. 0 47 . 9 38.0 11.0 5. 0 46 . 7 39.0 1 1. 2 CLCD: 201 5

5. 0 48 . 5 37.3 11 .0 6. 0 50.7 35.0 10.6 ME ! FLO IHG

7 . 0 53.1 32 . 4 10.3 8 . 0 56.1 29.4 10.0 3 3 1

9 . 0 59.8 25 . 3 9.6 R22 PCF PC! ~ED (cm) 0 . 0 4 3 .o 43. c 14. 2 4. 0 43 .5 42. 12 . 4

CLCD : 2014 8 .0 44.1 41. 1 2 .3 1 2.0 4 5. 7 40. 11 .9

ME !FLO IHG 15.0 4 7. 6 38 . 11. 5 20 .0 51. 8 34. 10 . 9

3 3 1 25 . 0 57. 0 28 . 10.4

R22 PCF PC ! BED(cm)

u. u 4j . u 4.1. u , . , 4.0 60 . 0 25 .5 3 . 0

-

- 137 -


Table 55 Cont 'd: Pressure Drop Results: Prepared wood particles.

I CLCD: 2016 CLCD: 2017


3 3 I 3 I

R22 PCF PC! BED(cm) R22 PCF PC! BED(cm)

0. 0 43.0 43.0 8. 5 0. 0 43.0 43. c 3. 9 4. 0 43.3 42. 7 6. 3 4. 0 43. 5 42. 3:3 8. 0 44.3 41.7 6. 4 8 . 0 45.0 41. c 2. 8

12.0 46 . 2 39.8 6. I 12.0 4 7. 3 38. 2. 7 IS. 0 48.7 37.2 5. 8 IS. 0 50.3 35. 2 . 5 20.0 54.0 31.5 5. 2 20.0 56.4 29. 2. 2 25.0 60.5 25.0 5. 0 22.0 60. 5 25. c 2.1

CLCD: 2018 CLCD: 2019


3 3 I 3 3 I

R22 PCF PC! BED(cm) RZZ PCF PC! ~ED(cm)

0. 0 43.0 43.0 !.8 0.0 43.0 43. c 16.2 4. 0 43.7 42 .3 1.3 4.0 43.6 42.4 12 .8 8. 0 45.3 40.9 1.2 8. 0 44.7 41. 13.0

12.0 4 7. 7 38.3 1.1 IS. 0 50.0 36.8 1.0

12.0 47 . I 38. ~ 12.6 15.0 49.8 35.8 12.1

20.0 55.0 30.5 0. 9 20.0 56 . ! 29. 11.5 24.0 59.8 25.2 0. 9 zz.o 59.3 25. ll. 2

CLCD: 2020 I CLCD: 2021

ME !FLO IHG I ME !FLO IHG

3 3 I 3 1

R22 PCF PC! ED(cm) R22 PCF PC! ED(cm)

0.0 43.0 43. ( 11.0 0.0 43.0 43.0 4.7 4. 0 43.5 42. 8. 3 4.0 43.9 42. 3.4 8. 0 45.5 40. 8. 5 8. 0 46.4 39. 3. 0

12.0 48.8 36. 8.0 12.0 50.5 35. 2. 8 IS. 0 52.4 33. 7.7 IS. 0 54.9 30. 2. 6 20.0 60.8 24. 7. 4 20 . 0 62.0 23. 2. 4

- 138 -


Table 55 Cont'd : Pressure Drop Results: Prepared wood particles:

CLCD: 2022 CLCD: 2023

ME !FLO I HG M ! FLO IHG

3 3 I 3 3 l

R22 PCF PC! BED (em) R22 PCF PC! BBD (em)

0. 0 43.0 43.0 !.9 0. 0 43.0 43.0 60.0 4.0 44.0 42.0 1.6 2. 0 44.0 42-0 so. 0 8. 0 46.8 39 . 0 1.6 2. 0 46.8 39-0 so. 0

12.0 so .I 35.6 !.5 2. 0 so .I 35 . 6 48.0 IS. 0 53 . 0 32.6 !.5 3. 0 53 . 0 32.6 46-0 zo. 0 58.0 27.4 1.4 4. 0 58.0 27.5 44.0

CLCD: 2024 CLCD: 2025

ME !FLO IHG ~lE I !FLO IHG

3 3 I 3 I 3 l

RZ2 PCF PC! BED(em) RZZ PCF PCI BED(em)

0. 0 43.0 43.0 1.9 0-0 43.0 43.0 3. 8 4. 0 44. z 41.8 1.8 4. 0 46 .l) 40.0 2. 5 8. 0 47 .I 38.9 1.5 5. 5 47 .I 38.7 2. 4

lZ. 0 sz. 3 33.3 1.4 8 . 0 52.3 33.3 z. 2 IS. 0 57.4 28.0 1.3 10.0 57.4 28.0 2. 0

ll. 5 62.0 23 . 5 1. 9

CLCD: 2026 CLCD: ZOZ7

ME !FLO IHG ME I !FLO IHG

3 3 I 3 I 3 I

R22 PCF PC! BED (em) R22 PCF PCI BED(em)

0. 0 43.0 43.0 IS. 3 0 . 0 43.0 43.0 8. 5 4. 0 43.3 42.7 IS . 3 4. 0 43.5 42.5 6.7 8. 0 44.4 41.6 IS. 3 8. 0 44 . 7 41.3 6.7

12.0 46.1 39.5 IS. 3 12.0 46. 8 39.2 6. 4 IS. 0 4 7-9 37.6 IS. 2 IS. 0 49-4 36.4 6 .I zo. 0 52.0 33.3 14.8 20.0 54-9 30.7 5.6

- 139 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPERniENTS

Table 55 Cant 'd: Pressure Drop Results: Prepared wood particles:

CLCD: 20 28 CLCD: 20 29

,\ \L I FLO I JIG ~IE !FLO' IHG

I 3 3 3 I


0. 0 43.0 4 3 . 0 3. 9 0. 0 43.0 43.0 3. 0 4. 0 44. 3 42.7 3. 2 4. 0 43 . 7 42.3 2.3 8 . 0 4 7 . 4 38.6 2. 9 8. 0 45.7 40 . 3 2 .I

12.0 52. l 33.5 2 . 6 12-0 49 .I 36.9 1.9 IS. 0 58.2 27 .I 2. 4 IS. 0 52 . 8 33.0 1.8 16.0 62.5 23 . 0 2. 3 20.0 60. 2 25.2 1.6

CLCD: 2030 CLCD: 2031

~IE I FLO JHG ME !FLO IHG

3 3 I

R22 PCF PCI BED(cm) R22 PCF PC! BED(cm)

0. 0 43.0 43.0 3 . 0 0 . 0 43.0 43. 1.8 4. 0 44.0 42 . 0 2. 4 4. 0 43.6 42. !.I 8. 0 46.1 39.9 2 .I 8. 0 45. 8 40. 1.0

12.0 49.8 36 . 0 1.9 12.0 48.5 37. 0. 9 IS. 0 53.6 31.9 1.8 IS. 0 51.5 34. 0. 9 20.0 61.3 24.0 1.5 20.0 57.7 28. 0. 8

CLCD: 2032 CLCD: 2033


3 3 I 3 3 I


0. 0 43.0 43.0 6. 4 0.0 43.0 43.0 1.9 2. 0 43.6 42.4 4. 0 4. 0 44.1 41.9 1.2 3. 0 45.8 40.2 3. 7 8. 0 4 7 . 0 39-0 1.1 4. 0 48.5 37-4 3. 3 12.0 50.6 35.4 !.I 5. 0 51.5 34.5 3. 2 15.0 54.1 31.5 1.0 7. 0 57.7 28.0 3. 0 20.0 61.3 24 . 0. 9

- 140 -


Table 55 Cont'd: Pressure Drop Results: Prepared wood particles:

CLCD: 2034 CLCD: 2035


3 3 I 3 3 1

R22 PCF PC! ED(cm) R22 PCF PCI BED(cm)

0. 0 43.0 43.0 8. 9 0. 0 43.0 43.0 1.9 44 .1 41.9 6. 0 4. 0 44.0 42.0 1.4 4 7. 0 39. ( 5.3 8. 0 45.1 40.9 1.3 so . 6 35. 5. 0 12.0 4 7. 3 38.7 1.3 54.1 31. 4.8 15.0 49.9 36.1 1.2 61.3 24. 4.3 20.0 55.1 30.6 1.2

I CLCD: 2036 CLCD: 2037

~IE !FLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

3 3 1 3 2 1

R22 PCF PC1 BED(c• R22 PCF PCI BED(cm)

0. 0 43.0 43.0 3. 6 0. 0 42.8 42.8 43.6 42.0 2. 6 7 . 0 43.6 42.0 45.1 40.9 2. 5 10.0 43.8 41. 8 4 7. 3 38.7 2. 4 15 . 0 44.6 40-9 49.9 36.1 2. 3 20.0 45.8 39.6 55.1 30.6 2. 2 25 . 0 4 7. 2 38 . 2

CLCD: 2038 CLCD: 2039


3 3 1 2 2 0

R22 PCF PCI ~ED(cm) R22 PCF PC! BED(cm)

0. 0 42.8 42. 0. 0 40.6 40.6 3. 0 43 .4 42. 4. 0 42.1 40.6 6. 0 44.4 41. 8. 0 46.2 40.7 9. 0 45.9 39. 12.0 so. 4 40-7

12.0 47.9 37. 16.0 55.4 40.7 15.0 so. 4 34. 20.0 61.3 40.7

- 141 -


Tab l e 55 Cont'd: Pressure drop results: Prepared wood pa r ticle s :

CLCD: 2040 CLCD: 2041

1 ME ! ! FLO : IHG ME !FLO IHC

I zl 3 I 0 1 1 0

R22 PCF PC! ! R22 PCF PC!

0. 0 40.6 40.6 0. 0 40 .6 40. 2 . 0 41.5 40 . 6 3 . 0 40.8 40.6 4. 0 45.1 40.7 6. 0 41.1 40.

I 6. 0 49.7 40 . 7 8. 0 54 . 3 40. 7

10.0 60.5 40. 7 i 9. 0 41.7 40.6

12.0 42. 5 40.6 14 .0 43. I 40.7 16.0 43.5 40.7

I CLCD: 204 2

I ME ! I FLO IHG I '

I CLCD: 20 43 I

ME !FLO HG

I I 3 0 1 1 0

I R22 PCF PC! R22 PCF PC!

0.0 40.6 40.7 0. 0 40.7 40.6 3. 0 40.9 40.6 3. 0 41.0 40.7 6. 0 41.6 40.6 6. 0 41.3 40.7 9. 0 42. 7 40.6 9 . 0 41.9 40.7

12.0 43. 7 40.7 l2. 0 4 2.6 40.7 14.0 44 .6 40.7 IS . 0 43.3 40.7 16.0 45 .3 40 .7

CLCD: 2044 CLCD: 2045


1 3 0 2 3 0


0. 0 40.7 40. 0. 0 40.7 40. f 3. 0 41.1 40 . 4. 0 42.3 40.7 6 . 0 41.8 40 . 8. 0 46.4 40.8 9. 0 42.8 40. 12.0 51.0 40. E

12.0 43.8 40. 16.0 56.2 40. E 15 . 0 45.0 40 . 20.0 6Z. 9 40 . E

• I 42 •


Table 55 Cont'd: Pressure Drop Results: Prepared wood particles

CLCD: 2046 CLCD: 204 7

ME JFLO !HG ME !FLO IHG

2 3 0 3 2 1


0. 0 40 . 7 40.6 0. 0 42.8 42.8 2 . 0 41.5 40.7 7. 0 43.8 41.8 4. 0 45.2 40.8 10.0 44 .l 41.4 6. 0 so. 2 40.8 15.0 45.1 40.4 8. 0 55.6 40.8 20.0 46.7 38 . 8

10.0 62 .l 40.8 25.0 48.4 37.0

CLCD: 2048 CLCD: 2049


3 3 l 3 2 1


0.0 42.8 42.8 0. 0 42.9 42.8 3. 0 43 . 4 42 . 2 7. 0 45.4 40.1 6.0 44.6 40.9 10.0 46.8 38.6 9.0 46.6 38.9 15.0 49.2 36.1

12.0 49. 2 36.2 20.0 53.0 32.1 15.0 52.4 32.8 25 .0 57. 2 27.8

CLCD: 2050 CLCD: 2051

ME !FLO IHG ME IFLC IHG

3 3 1 2 2 0


0. 0 42.8 42.8 0.0 40.8 40.7 4. 0 45.6 39.9 4. 0 44.2 40.7 6 . 0 47.9 37.6 8. 0 55.7 40.8 8. 0 so. 9 34.3 12.0 68.9 40.8

10.0 54.5 30.7 16.0 83.8 40.8 12.0 58.8 26.6 20.0 101.1 40.9

14 3 -


Table 55 Cont' d: Pressure Drop Results: Prepa red wood partic le s:

CLCD : zosz CLCD: Z053

ME !FLO IHG ~1 E !FLO IHG

z 3 0 1 1 0

RZZ PCF PC ! RZZ PCF PC!

0-0 40.8 40.7 0 . 0 40 .8 40. z. 0 43.1 40. 7 3 . 0 41.1 40. 4. 0 53 . 6 40 . 8 6. 0 41. 9 40. 6. 0 66. z 40.8 9. 0 43.6 40. 8. 0 79.9 40.8 1 Z. 0 45.6 40.

10.0 97.3 40.8 15.0 4 7. 9 40.

CLCD: ZOS4 CLCD: zoss

~1 E !FLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

1 3 0 1 1 0

RZZ PCF PC! RZZ PCF PC!

0. 0 40.8 40.7 0. 0 41.1 41. 3 . 0 41. s 40.7 3. 0 41.6 41. 6 . 0 43.4 40 . 7 6. 0 4Z. 8 41. 9 . 0 46.3 40 . 7 9 . 0 45 . 4 41.

lZ. 0 49.3 40. 7 lZ. 0 4 7. 9 41. 15.0 sz. 9 40. 8 15.0 so . 4 41.

CLCD: ZOS6 CLCD: Z057


I 3 0 z z 0


0. 0 41.1 41. 0. 0 41.1 41. 0 3. 0 41.9 41. 4. 0 46.3 41.1 6 . 0 44.6 41. 7.0 57.0 41.1 9. 0 48.5 41. 10.0 69 -4 41.1

1Z. 0 sz. 4 41. 13.0 8Z. 0 41.1 1 5 . 0 56.8 41. 16.0 97-0 4l.Z

- 144 -


Table SS Cant 'd: Pressure Drop Results: ITepared wood particles:

CLCD : 2058 CLCD: 20 59

ME !FLO 1HG ME I !FLO !HG

2 3 0 2 I 2 1

R22 PCF PC! R22 PCF PC1

0. 0 41. I 41 . 0 0. 0 42.9 4 2.8 2 . 0 43 . 9 41 . 1 4. 0 43.0 4 2 . 6 4. 0 57 . 5 41.1 8 . 0 43.6 42 . 0 6. 0 74.9 41. 2 12 .0 44.4 41.2 7. 0 83. 2 41. 2 16 . 0 45.1 40.5 8. 0 9Z. 4 41.2 20.0 46. 1 39.5

CLCD: 2060 CLCD: 2061

ME !FLO 1HG ME 11FLO IHG

2 3 1 31 2 1


0 . 0 42.9 42.8 0. 0 42.9 42 . 8 4. 0 43.6 42.1 8. 0 4 7. 5 38.1 8. 0 45.1 40.5 12.0 48.3 37.3

1 2.0 4 7. 2 38.4 16.0 51. 2 34.3 16.0 49 . 8 35. 7 20.0 55.2 30.2 20.0 52.9 32 . 5 24.0 59.2 26 . 0

CLCD: 2062 CLCD: 2063

ME !FLO IHG MEl !FLO IHG

3 3 1 11 1 0


0.0 42.9 42.8 0.0 41.4 41.3 4. 0 46.4 39.2 3. 0 42.1 41.4 6. 0 49.0 36.6 6. 0 44.5 41.4 8. 0 52.5 32.9 9. 0 49.4 41.4 9.0 54.9 30.5 12.0 54 . 4 41.4

10 . 0 57 . 2 28.1 15.0 60.0 41.4

- I 4 5 -



CLCD: 2064 CLCD: 2065

~tEl !FLO IHG ME ! FLO I IHG

II 3 0

R22 PCF PC!

2 2 I i

R22 1 PCF PC !

0-0 41. 3 41.3 0. 0 42.8 4 2 .8 3 . 0 42-8 41.4 4. 0 43 . 2 42 . 5 6 . 0 4 7-8 41.4 8 . 0 44 . I 42.5 9-0 55 . 0 4 1. 4

I 12 . 0 62.3 41.4 IS. 0 70.5 41.5

12.0 45.2 40.4 16.0 46. 5 39 . I 20.0 48.0 37.5

CLCD: 2066 CLCD: 2067 !

~IE !FLO IH< ME !FLO IIHG

2 3 I 3 2 I

1


0 . 0 42.8 4 2. 8 0. 0 42.8 42 .8 4. 0 44.0 41.7 7. 0 48.4 37.0 8. 0 46.3 39 . 3 10.0 55 .4 29 . 8

12.0 49.3 36 .I 1 2. 7 51. 7 33 . 6 16.0 53 .0 32.3 14.0 53.7 31.6 20 . 0 57. 5 27 .6 16.0 56.1 29.1

CLCD: 2068 CLCD : 2069

ME !FLO IHG ME !FLO I IHG

3 3 I 3 2 I

1

R22 PCF PC! RZZ PCF PC!

0. 0 42.8 42.8 0.0 42.9 42.8 2 . 0 45 .I 40.5 7 . 0 50.7 34.7 4. 0 48.2 37 . 3 9-0 57.8 27-2 6 . 0 52.6 32.7 11.0 55. 2 30. 0 7. 0 55.3 30.0 13.0 57.6 27.4 8-0 57.9 27.2 15.0 60.7 24.2

- 146 -


Table 55 Cont ;d: Pressure Drop Results: Prepared wood particles:

CLCD: 2070 CLCD: 2071


3 3 I 2 2 1

R22 PCF PC ! RZZ PCF PC !

0. 0 42.9 42.8 0. 0 42.9 42.8 3. 0 48.5 37.0 4. 0 43.4 42. 4. 0 51.0 34.3 8. 0 45.0 40 .6 5. 0 53.8 31.5 12.0 46.8 38.8 6. 0 57.3 27.8 16.0 48.6 36.8 7. 0 61.2 23.8 20.0 so. 9 34.5

CLCD: 2072 CLCD: 2073


2 3 1 I 1 0


0. 0 42.9 42.8 0.0 41.6 41. 3. 0 43.9 41.8 3.0 42.6 41. 6. 0 46.5 39.1 6. 0 46.5 41. 9. 0 49.4 36.0 9. 0 53.3 41.

12.0 53.0 32.3 12.0 60.3 41. 15.0 57.1 28 .0 15.0 67.9 41.

CLCD: 2074 CLCD: 2075

ME !FLO 1HG ME !FLO IIHG

1 1 0 1 1 I o RZZ PCF PC! RZZ PCF PC!

0. 0 41.6 41.5 0.0 41.6 41.6 3. 0 44.0 41.6 3.0 43.8 41.7 6.0 52 . 7 41.6 6. 0 53.5 41.7 9.0 63.5 41.6 9. 0 70 . 0 41.7

12.0 74.0 41.7 12.0 86.1 41.7 15.0 85.4 41.7 15 .o 10 3.5 41.8

- 14 7 -


Table 55 Cont'd : Pressure Drop Results: Prepared wood particles:

CLCD: 2076 CLCD: 2077

ME I FLO I HC ME !FLO 1H G

I 3 0 2 2 1


0. 0 41.6 41.6 0. 0 42.9 42.8 3. 0 46.6 41.7 4. 0 44. 1 41.5 6 . 0 66.6 41. 7 8. 0 4 7. 9 37.5 9. 0 90.8 41.8 12.0 52. 1 33.1

10 . 0 99.8 41.8 !6. 0 56.4 28.7 20.0 61.1 23.7

I CLCD: 2078 CLCD: 2079

ME I FLO IHG ME !FLO IHG

2 3 I 3 2 1

R22 PCF PC! R22 PCF PC !

0. 0 42.9 42.8 0. 0 42 . 9 42.8 2 . 0 43.7 41.8 7. 0 so . 0 35.5 4. 0 4 7. 3 38.1 9. 0 55 .0 30.4 6. 0 51.4 33 . 8 11.0 54.7 30.6 8. 0 55. 7 29.4 13 . 0 57.0 28 .4

I 10 . 0 60. 7 24.2 15.0 58.8 26.5

CLCD: 2080 CLCD: 208 1

~IE !FLO IHG ME I FLO IHG

3 3 1 2 2 I


0. 0 42-9 42.8 0. 0 42.9 42.8 3. 0 48 .1 37. 5 4. 0 43.5 42.2 4 . 0 so. 8 34.7 8. 0 45.3 40 . 3 5. 0 53.3 32.1 12 . 0 4 7. 2 38.4 6 . 0 56 . 7 28.6 16.0 49.2 36.3 7 . 0 60.0 25 . 3 20.0 51. 5 34.0

- 148 -


Tab l e 55 Con t 'd: Pressure Drop Results: Prepa red wood par t icles:

CLCD: 2082 CLCD : 2083

ME !FLO IHG ME !FLO I HG

2 3 I 1 1 0


0. 0 42.9 42.8 0. 0 41. 6 41. 4. 0 44 .9 40. 7 3. 0 42.9 41. 8 . 0 48 . 9 36.6 6. 0 47. 1 41.

1 2.0 53.9 31.5 9. 0 55 . 4 41. 16 . 0 60.2 25.1 1 2.0 63 . 8 41.

15 . 0 72 . 8 41.

CLCD : 2084 CLCD: 2085


I 3 0 2 2 1

R22 PCF PC! RZZ PCF PC !

0. 0 41.6 41.5 0. 0 42.9 42.8 3. 0 44.6 41.6 4. 0 45.1 40. 6. 0 54 .2 41.6 7. 0 49.4 36 . 9 . 0 66. 5 41.6 10.0 54.2 31.

12 .0 78. 5 41.6 13.0 59 .1 26. 1 5 . 0 9!. 6 41. 7

CLCD: 2086 CLCD: 2087 - ·

ME IFLO I HG ME ! FLO I HG

2 3 1 1 1 1

R22 PCF PC! R22 PCF PC I

0.0 42.9 42.8 0. 0 42.9 42.8 2. 0 44 .6 41.1 3. 0 43.1 42.6 4. 0 so. 6 34.9 6 . 0 43 . 7 42 . 0 6. 0 57. 2 28 .1 9. 0 44.9 40.8 7. 0 61.2 24 .1 12.0 46.0 39.6

15.0 47 . 4 38 . 3

- 149 -


Table 55 Cont'd: Pressure Drop Results: Prepared \<wOOd particles:

I CLCD: 2088 CLCD: 2089

ME I FLO IHG ~1E JFLO IHG

1 3 1 1 1 0


0 - 0 42 . 9 4 2 . 8 0. 0 41. 7 41.5 3 . 0 43. 3 4 2 . 4 3 . 0 45 .4 41.6 6. 0 44.7 41 . 0 6. 0 61.8 41.6 9. 0 46 . 5 39.2 9. 0 87 . 5 4 1. 6

12 . 0 4 8. 3 37.4 15.0 50 . 1 35.5

i CLCD: 2090 CLCD : 2091

ME !FLO IHG ~1E IPLO IHC

1 3 0 1 1 0

11.2 2 PCF PC! R22 PCF PC!

0. 0 41.7 41.5 0. 0 41.8 41.6 3 . 0 50.9 41.6 3 . 0 46.4 41.7 6 . 0 84.0 41.6 6 . 0 6 1. 8 41. 7

9. 0 83.3 41.7

CLCD: 2092 CLCD : 2093


1 3 0 3 2 1


0. 0 41.8 41.6 0. 0 42.9 42. 3. 0 52.2 41.7 5. 0 44.7 41.0 6. 0 82.8 41.7 7 . 5 46.6 39.

10 . 0 48.5 37 .l 12 . 5 50.8 34. 15 . 0 53.4 31.9 17 . 5 56.4 28 . 9 20 . 0 59 . 9 25.3

150



CLCD: Z094 CLCD: Z095

ME !FLO IHC ME !FLO IHG

3 3 I z z I

RZ2 PCF PC! R22 PCF PC!

0. 0 4 2. 9 42.8 0. 0 42.0 42.8 2. 0 44. 7 41.0 4. 0 43.2 42.5 4. 0 4 7. 7 37.9 8 . 0 44.2 41.5 6. 0 51.6 33.8 12.0 45.3 40.4 8. 0 56.3 29.0 16.0 46.5 39 .I 9. 0 59.4 25.9 20.0 48.0 37.7

CLCD: 2096 CLCD: 2097


2 3 I 1 I 0

R2Z PCF PC! R22 PCF PC!

0. 0 42.9 42.8 0. 0 41.7 41.7 4. 0 44.0 41.7 3. 0 42. 5 41.8 8. 0 46.3 39.3 6. 0 44 . 6 41.8

12.0 49.3 36.3 9. 0 48.4 41.8 16.0 52.9 3Z. 6 12.0 52.6 41.8 zo. 0 57.2 28.2 15.0 57.1 41.8

I

CLCD: 2098 CLCD: Z099


1 3 0 2 2 I

RZZ PCF PC! R22 PCF PC!

0. 0 41.7 41.7 0.0 42.9 42.8 3.0 43.2 41.8 4.0 43.4 42.3 6. 0 48.0 41.8 8. 0 44.3 40.9 9 .o 54.0 41.8 12.0 46.4 39.2

12.0 60.0 41.9 16.0 48.2 37.4 15.0 67.6 41.9 20.0 SO .I 35.4

151 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPERI MENTS

Tab l e 55 Cont'd : Pressure Drop Resul t s : Pr epa re d wood part ic le s:

CLCD : 2 I OO CLCD: 2101

ME I FLO IHG IE I FLO IHG

2 3 1 3 2 1


0. 0 42 . 9 42.8 0.0 4 2 . 9 4 2 . 8 3. 0 43 . 9 4 1. 8 7. 0 49 . 7 35 . 9 6. 0 46 . 4 39 . 2 9. 0 55 . 4 30 . 0 9. 0 49.3 36 . 3 11. 0 54.3 3 1. 2

12.0 52 . 5 32.9 13 .0 55. 4 30 . 0 IS. 0 56.2 29 . I 15.0 58 .3 27 . 0

CLCD : 2 I0 2 CL CD: 2103

fiE ! FLO IHG ME I FLO IHG

3 3 1 1 1 0


0 . 0 42.9 4Z. 8 0. 0 4I. 9 41.8 3 . 0 4 7 . 7 38 . 0 3. 0 4 3 . 0 41.9 4. 0 4 7. 9 35.7 6. 0 46.6 41. 9 5 . 0 52.2 33.2 9. 0 53 . 3 41. 9 6 . 0 55 . 6 29 . 8 I 2 . 0 60.5 41.9 7 . 0 58 . 9 26 .4 15 .0 68 . 2 41. 9

CLCD: 2 I 0 4 CLCD: 210 5 . ME I FLO I HG ME ! FLO I IH(

1 3 0 2 2 1

R22 PCF PC ! R22 PC F PC !

0. 0 41. 9 41.8 0.0 42.9 42. 8 3 . 0 44.3 41. 9 4 . 0 44.1 41. 6 6 . 0 52 . 7 41 . 9 8. 0 47 .5 38.1 9 .0 63 . 0 41. 9 12.0 51. 2 34. 3

12 .0 73. 2 41.9 15 . 0 54.0 31 . 4 15.0 86. 9 41. 9 18 .0 57 . 2 28 . 1

- 152



CLCD: 2106 CLCD: 2107

~IE !FLO I IHG ME !FLO IHG

2 3 I I 1 0


0. 0 42.9 42.8 0.0 42 .1 41.8 2. 0 4 3. 7 41.9 3. 0 44 . 2 41.8 4. 0 4 7. 0 38.7 6. 0 52.9 41.8 6. 0 50.4 35.0 9. 0 68 . I 41.9 8. 0 54.3 31.2 12.0 83.3 41.9 9. 0 56.4 28.9 15.0 99.9 41.9

CLCD: 2108 CLCD: 2109


I 3 0 1 I 0


0.0 42 .I 41.8 0. 0 41.9 41.9 3. 0 47.5 41.9 3. 0 43.4 41.9 6.0 64.7 41.9 6. 0 48.4 42.0 9.0 88.9 41.9 9. 0 57.5 42 . 0

10 .0 97.1 41.9 12.0 67.2 42.0 14.0 74 . 0 42.0 16.0 81.5 42.0

CLCD : 2110

ME !FLO IHG

I 3 0

R22 PCF PC!

0. 0 41.9 41.9 3. 0 45.0 4 2. 0 6. 0 55.3 42.0 9.0 68.8 42.0

12.0 84.9 42.0 14.0 95.2 42.0

- 153 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPER I MENTS

Tab l e 55 Cont ' d: Press ure Drop Re sults: Prepared wood partic l es

CLCD: 2111 CLCD: 2112

ME ! FLO IHG ME !FLO !HG

3 2 1 3 3 1

R22 PCF PC ! R22 PCF PCI

0 . 0 4 2 . 9 42 . 8 0 . 0 42.9 42.8 7. 0 46 . 7 38 . 9 2 . 0 44 . 3 41. 3

10 . 0 5!. 5 33 . 9 4 . 0 46.7 38.9 13 . 0 49 . 8 35 . 6 6 . 0 49.7 35.8 16 . 0 52 . I 33 . 2 8 . 0 53 . 5 31.9 19 . 0 55 . 2 30.0 9.0 55.7 29.6

CLCD : 2113 CLCD: 2114

~IE !FLO IHG ~IE !FLO ! HG

2 2 0 2 3 0

R2 2 PCF PC! R22 PCF PC!

o: 0 4 2 .0 41.9 0. 0 42.0 41.9 4. 0 48 . 1 42 .0 2. 0 46 . 0 4 2 .0 7 . 0 6 2 . 2 42.0 4 . 0 63.0 4 2. 0

10.0 76 . 5 42 . 0 6. 0 84.5 42.0 1 3.0 92 . 3 42 .0 7. 0 95 . 6 4 2. 0

CLCD: 211 5 CLCD: 2116

~IE !FLO I HG ME !FLO ! HG

1 1 0 1 3 0

R22 PCF PC ! R22 PCF PC !

0. 0 42 .0 41.9 0. 0 42 .0 41.9 3 . 0 42.6 42 . 0 3. 0 43 . 7 42.0 6 . 0 44. 2 42.0 6. 0 48. 5 4 2 .0 9 . 0 4 7. 4 42.0 9. 0 54. 2 4 2. 0

1 2 . 0 so. 9 42 . 0 12 . 0 59 . 7 42 . 0 15.0 54.6 42 . 0 15 . 0 65 . 8 42.0

- 154 -


Table 55 Cont'd: Pressure Drop Results: prepared wood particles :

CLCD: 2117 CLCD: 2118

ME !FLO IHG ME !FLO IHC

3 2 1 3 3 1


0 . 0 42.9 42 . 8 0. 0 42.9 42.8 7. 0 so. 4 35.0 3. 0 48.2 37 .4 9. 0 56 . 3 29.1 4. 0 50.5 34 .9

11.0 54 . 9 30 .4 5. 0 53 . 2 32.2 13 . 0 56. s 28.7 6. 0 56. 5 28 . 7 15.0 59.4 25.9 7. 0 59.7 25.4

CLCD: 2119 CLCD: 2120


2 2 1 2 3 1


0 . 0 42 .9 42.8 0. 0 42.9 42.8 4. 0 43.4 42.3 3. 0 43.8 41 . 8 8. 0 44.8 40.8 6. 0 46 . 2 39-3

12.0 46.5 39.1 9. 0 49.0 36 . 5 16.0 48.2 37.3 12.0 52.2 33.3 20.0 50.2 35.3 15 . 0 55.7 29 . 6

CLCD: 2121 CLCD: 2122


1 1 0 1 3 0


0.0 42. 2 42.1 0.0 42.2 42.1 3 . 0 43.5 42.1 3. 0 44 .7 42.1 6.0 46 .6 42 . 1 6 .0 52 . 5 42.1 9 . 0 53.2 42 . 2 9. 0 63.0 42.2

12-0 60.6 42.2 1 2.0 73.4 42.2 15-0 68.1 42 .2 15.0 84.9 42 . 2

- 155 -

PRESSURE DROP EXPERHIENTS

Table 55 Cont' d: Pressure Drop Results : Prepared wood particles:

CLCD: 2123 CLCD: 2124


2 2 1 z 3 I 1

I R22 PCF PC! R22 PCF PC!

i 0 . 0 4 2. 9 42 . 8 4.0 43 . 8 41.7 8 . 0 46.9 38.6

I 12.0 50.4 35.0

I 15.0 53.2 32 . 2 18.0 56.4 28.9

0. 0 4 z. 9 42 .8 2. 0 43.5 4 z . 1 4. 0 46.4 39 . z

I 6 . 0 49.7 35 . 7 8. 0 53.4 31.9 9. 0 55.7 29.6

CLCD: 2125 CLCD: 2JZ6

~IE !FLO IHG ME !FLO I IHG

I I 0 1 3 0

R22 PCF PC! R2Z PCF PC!

0 . 0 42.5 42.3 0 . 0 4Z. 5 42 . 3 3 . 0 44.8 42.3 3. 0 48.7 42.3 6. 0 52.6 42.3 6. 0 68.0 42.3 9. 0 67.4 42. 3 9. 0 92.1 42.4

12 .0 82. 3 42.4 10 . 0 100. z 42.4 15.0 99.5 42.4

CLCD: 2127 CLCD: 2128


1 1 0 I 3 0

R22 PCF PC! RZZ PCF PC!

0. 0 42.2 4 2.1 0. 0 4Z. Z 4Z .1 3. 0 43.3 42 . 2 3. 0 44.5 42.2 6 . 0 46.7 42 . 2 6. 0 51.6 42.2 9. 0 52.5 42.2 9 . 0 60.5 42 . 2

12.0 58.6 42.2 12.0 69.8 42.2 15.0 65.3 42.2 IS. 0 80.5 42. z

- 156 -

SHIPLE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS

Table 56: Spherical Particles, 1. 91 em bore col umn a t 25° C.

IPAK 5 !PAR !VOID 3005 3006 3007

CLCD 3038 3039 3040 3041 3051 3076 3077 3078

IPAK JPAR 4 !VOID 3004

CLCD 3036 3037 3073 3074 3075

IPAK !PAR 5 !VOID 3003

CLCD 3034 3035 3069 3070 3071 3072

IPAK !PAR !VOID 3002

CLCD 3032 3033 304 2 3043 3065 3066 3067 3068

IPAK 6 !PAR !VOID 3001

CLCD 3063 3064

IPAK JPAR 10 !VOID 3000

CLCD 3061 3062

- I 57 -

SIMPLE BED EXPANSION EXPERUIENTS

Table 57: Prepared wood particles, 1. 91 em bore column at 25° C.

IPAK I !PAR !VOID 4077

CLCD 4061

! PAK I PAR !VO I D

CLCD 4052

IPAK z !PAR !VOID 4076

CLCD 4063

IPAK z !PAR !VOID

CLCD 4048 4049

IPAK 3 !PAR !VOID 4075

CLCD 4064

!PAK 3 !PAR !VOID

CLCD 4050 4051

- 158 -

SIMPLE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS

Table 58: Prepared wood particles, 3.18 em bore column at 25° C-

IPAK !PAR !VOID 4022 CLCD IPAK !PAR !VOID 4006 CLCD I PAK !PAR I VOID 4012 CLCD 4052 !PAK 1 !PAR !VOID 4013 CLCD 4012 !PAK 1 !PAR !VOID 4018 CLCD 4055 4056 !PAK 1 !PAR !VOID CLCD 4013 4014 IPAK 1 !PAR !VOID CLCD 4053 4054 IPAK 1 !PAR !VOID CLCD 4018 4019 IPAK 2 !PAR I !VOID 4021 CLCD 4021 4025 4026 4027 IPAK 2 !PAR 2 !VOID 4005 CLCD 4005 lPAK 2 !PAR !VOID 4004 CLCD (4048) !PAK 2 !PAR !VOID 4008 CLCD 4004 !PAK 2 !PAR !VOID 4010 CLCD 4046 404 7 !PAK 2 !PAR 6 !VOID CLCD 4002 4003 4002 4003 lPAK 2 !PAR 8 !VOID CLCD 4044 4045 !PAK 2 !PAR 9 !VOID CLCD 4000 4001 4010 4011

- 159 -

SL~PLE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS

Table 58 Cont 1 d: Prepared wood particles, 3.18 em bore column at

zs0 c.

IPAK !PAR !VOID CLCD IPAK 3 !PAR !VOID CLCD 4007 IPAK 3 !PAR !VOID CLCD 4050 4051 IPAK 3 !PAR !VOID CLCD 401 s IPAK 3 !PAR !VOID CLCD 4059 4060 !PAX 3 !PAR !VOID CLCD 4016 4017 IPAK 3 !PAR !VOID CLCD 4057 4058 IPAK 3 !PAR 9 !VOID CLCD 40Z4 40Z9 4030 40ZO

- 160 -

SL'tPLE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENT

Table 59: Voidage determinations, empty column (1 . 91 em bore) and extended lower adaptor volume.

EXPERIMENT NUMBER AVERAGE

1 2 3 4 s 6

VOCO (m1) 140. s 140.4 140.2 140.2 140 . s 140.6 140.4

EBOVO (m1) 30.8 30 . s 30. s 30.7 30.3 30.4 30. s

- 161 -


Table 60: Voidage determinations: spherical particles, 1.91 em bore column

!TEMP EXPERIMENT NUMBER I AVERAGE

s I 2 3 4 s I

POVO I 117.6 117.6 117.7 117.0 117. s 117.48 PALEN 11. s II. 7 12.0 11.8 12.0 11.60 CLCD 3000

POVO 120. 7 121.0 121.8 121.0 121.3 I 121. 16 PALEN 9 .I 9 .I 9.3 9. 2 9. 4 i 9. 22 CLCD 3001

POVO 108.7 108.9 108.7 108.8 109.3 108.88 PALEN 14.6 15 .I IS .1 15.2 15.2 15.04 CLCD 3002

POVO 112 . 1 Ill. 7 112.3 112.3 111.6 112.0 PALEN 13. s 13.6 13. s 13. s 13. s 13.52 CLCD 3003

POVO 118.3 118.0 118.1 117.8 117.8 118.0 PALEN 10.0 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.0 10.06 CLCD 3004

POVO 110.9 110. 2 108.7 108.3 108.9 109.4 PALEN 13 . I 13. 3 13.9 14.2 13.9 13.68 CLCD 3005 i

- 162 -

S lMPLE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS

Table 61 : Voidage determinations: spherical par t icles, 1 .9 1 em bore column.

ITHIP. COLEN EXPERIMENT NUMBER AVERAGE

CODE I (em) 1 ' 2 3 4 5 (m1)

5 49.00 EVO (ml) 173.2 173.1 173.3 173. 173.0 173.2

5 31 . so TOVO (ml) 97.7 99.3 102.9 103 . 104.2 101.52

CLCD 3006

5 30.00 TOVO (ml) 108.8 108 . 6 106 . 8 106.4 -- 107.7

CLCD 3007

- 16 3

SI ~I PLE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS

Table 62: Voidage dete rmi nations; prepa red wood particles, 1.91 em

bore col umn

l PAK II PAR I EXPERIMENT NUMBER AVERAGE I I

I l z 3 4 5

PALEN (em) 4. 0 4. z 4. z 4. z 4. z 4 .16

POVO (ml) 84.5 84 . 5 84.5 84.5 84 .0 84.4

CLCD 40ZZ

1 l z J PALEN (e m) 7. 4 I 7. 5 7. 5 7. 4 7. 4 7. 44

POVO (m1) 79.0 I 78.5 79.0 79 . 0 78. 5 78.8

CLCD 4006

I I l I 4

PALEN (em) 6.9 6.9 7. 3 6. 4 6. 9 6. 88

POVO (m1) 83.5 83.5 81.5 86.0 83. 0 83.5

CLCD 40I Z

I I 6 I PALEN (em) 6. 5 6. 8 6 . 5 6. 8 6. 8 6 . 68

POVO (m1) 83.5 84.0 84.0 83.5 8Z. 7 83.54

CLCD 4013 4014

1 l 9 L PALEN (em) 5. 5 5. 8 5. 8 5. 6 5 . 4 5. 6Z

POVO (mi) 84. 7 84.5 85.0 83.9 84.0 84. 4Z

CLCD 4018 40 19

- 164 -

SJ.MPLE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS

Table 62 Con t' d: Voidage Determinations: prepared wood particles


!WOOD !PAR I EXPERIMENT NUMBER AVERAGE

2 1 I I 2 3 4 5

PALEN (em) 6.9 7 . 1 6. 7 7. 0 7 . I 6 . 98

POVO (m1) 79.0 79 .0 79.1 79.5 79.3 79 .IS

CLCD 4021 4025 4026 4027

2 2 I PALEN (em) 7. 3 7. 3 7. 3 7. 3 7. 3 7. 30

POVO (m 1 ) 78 . 5 78. 7 79.0 79.1 81.5 79.36

CLCD 4005

2 4 I PALEN (em) 7. 4 7. 6 6. 8 5. 8 6. 9 7. 30

POVO (m1) 80.0 80.0 83.0 79.5 80.0 80. so

CLCD 4004

2 6 I PALEN (em) 8.3 8. 3 8. 0 7 . 7 7. 9 8. 04

POVO (m1) 82 . 0 81.0 83.0 83.0 82.5 82.3 0

CLCD 4008 4009 4002

2 9 I PALEN (em) 9. 5 9. 5 9.5 9. 5 9. 5 9. so POVO (m1) 82.0 82.0 82.0 82.0 82.0 82. oo

CLCD 4010 4011 4000

- 165 -

SiMPLE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS

Table 62 Cont•d: Voidage determinations: prepared wood particles


I WOOD !PAR I EXPERIMENT NUMBER AVERAGE

3 I I 1 2 3 4 5

PALEN (em) 0.5 0. 7 0. 7 0. 8 0. 8 0. 7 0

POVO (m1) 89. 5 90.0 90.0 90.0 90 . 0 89.9 0

CLCD 4023

3 2 I PALEN (em) 2. 9 2. 9 3. 2 3. I 3.1 3. 04

POVO (m1) 86.0 86 . 0 86.0 86.0 86.0 86.00

CLCD 4007

3 4 I PALEN (em) 6. 5 6. 5 6. 4 6. 6 6. 5 6. 50

POVO (m1) 83.2 83 . 2 83.0 82.9 82-9 83. 04

CLCD 4015

3 6 I PALEN (em) 6. 2 5. 9 6. I 5. 8 5. 9 5. 97

POVO (ml) 84.0 83.5 84.5 84.0 83.6 83. 92

CLCD 4016 401 7

3 9 I PALEN (em) 5. 6 5 . 5 5-5 5.6 5. 6 5-56

POVO (ml) 85.0 85.0 85.0 85-0 85.0 85 . 00

CLCD 4020 4024

NB: Empty column volume (including end) EVO (in ml) was 93.0 (average) END CORRECTION, EBOVO (in ml) was 73.5 (average).

COLUMN LENGTH END CORRECTION (included) ENCO was l. 2 (em)

- 166 -


Table 63: Voidage determinations: prepared wood particles, 1. 91 em bore column

IPAK !PAR EXPERIMENT NUMBER AVERAGE

I I I 2 3 4 5

PALEN (em) zz. 0 22.4 21.5 21. 3 zz. 7 21.9 POVO (ml) I I Z. 9 112.6 112. 8 112. 8 11 2 . 5 liZ. 7 CLCD 4061

I I PALEN (em) 12.6 11.9 12 .! 12. z 12. z 12.20 POVO (ml) 125.7 I 24.4 125.2 124.2 124.0 124.70 C£CD 4062

I PALEN (em) 9. I 9. 4 9. 8 9. 8 9. 6 9 . 54 POVO (m1) 127.2 127.9 128.8 128.0 128.7 128.12 CLCD 4063

I 9 PALEN (em) 14.5 14.5 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.44 POVO (ml) 125.6 125 .I 124.9 124.9 125.4 125.18 CLCD 4070

I 9 PALEN (em) 12.5 13.7 13.4 13.6 13.2 13. 28 POVO (m 1) 125.2 124.1 125.4 124.9 125.6 125.04 CLCD 4073

1 1 PALEN (em) 9.1 9.7 9.8 9. 5 9. 7 9. 56 POVO (m1) 122. z I 20.3 119.6 120.0 120.8 120.58 CLCD 4077 3 1

PALEN (em) 14. z 13.5 12.9 12.8 12. z 13.1 2 POVO (m1) 125.3 124.4 I 24.6 125.7 125.2 125.04 CLCD 4064

2 5 PALEN (em) 13.4 12.4 12.1 12.4 11.9 12.44 POVO (m1) 123.0 122.8 123.5 123.9 123. z 123 . 28 CLCD 4065 z 3

PALEN (em) 5. 6 5. 6 5. 4 5. 6 5. 5 5 . 54 POVO (m1 ) 134.5 134.3 134.2 134 . 0 133.9 134.18 CLCD 40£6

2 PALEN (t:m) 9.9 9. 7 9.5 8. 5 9. 3 9. 28 POVO (m1) 1 24.5 125.8 124.0 123.9 123.4 124.32 CLCD 4076

- 167 -

S 1MPLE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS

Table 63 Cont'd: Voidage determinations, prepared wood particles 1. 91 em bore column

!PAX !PAR EXPERIMENT NUMBER AVERAGE

1 i 2 3 4 5

3 8 ! PALEN (em) 15.3 13.3 14.2 14 .6 15 . 5 14.58 POVO (m1) 124.2 123.9 123.2 124.2 123.0 123.70 CLCD 4067

3 6 PALEN

f~~l 15.0 15.2 15.3 14. 2 14.7 14.88 •

POVO 123.1 123.6 123.5 124.2 124.0 123.681 CLCD 4072

3 5 I PALEN (em) 15 . 5 15. 2 14. 7 14 .4 14 . 1 14 .7 8 POVO (m1) 119.6 118.3 118.0 120. 2 120 . 0 119 .22 CLCD 4068

~ PAL~N 3 (em) 10.2 9.9 10.2 10.1 10.0 10.08

POVO (m1) 125.6 1 26.0 125.5 126.3 12 5 . 4 125.76 CLCD 4069

3 2 PALEN (em) 13.5 13.4 13.0 13.1 13.3 13.26 POVO (m1) 128.5 127.5 1 27.7 127.5 127.3 127 .70 CLCD 4071

3 2 PALEN (em) 12.4 11.9 12 . 9 13.1 12.2 12. so POVO (m1) 122.8 122.8 122.4 1 21.3 121.8 122.22

CLCD 4074 3 1

PALEN (em) 16.1 15.5 15 . 8 15. 8 15.5 15.74 1 POVO (m1) 114.3 113.8 113.1 113.1 113.1 113 .48 CLCD 4075

- 168 -


Table 64: Simple Bed Expansion Results: Spherical Particles, 3.18 em bore column at 150 C

CLCD: 3032 CLCD: 3033

ME !FLO ME !FLO

2 2 2 3

RR2 BED RR2 BED

0.0 4 .I o. 0 4. 1 8. 0 4. 2 4. 0 4.2 9.0 4. 2 5 . 0 4.3

\0.0 4. 3 6.0 4. 4 II. 0 4. 3 7. 0 4 . 7 12.0 4. 5 8. 0 4. 9 13.0 4 . 6 9.0 5. 3 14.0 4. 7 10.0 5 . 6 15.0 4. 8 11.0 5 . 8 16.0 5. 0 12.0 6. 1 17.0 5. 2 13. 0 6 . 3 18 . 0 5. 4 14.0 6 . 6 19 . 0 5. 6 15.0 6. 9 20.0 5. 7 16.0 7. 1

17.0 7 . 4

18.0 7 . 8

19.0 8.1

20.0 8. 4

- 182 -


Table 66 Cont 'd : Simple bed expansion results, prepared wood particles, 3.18 em bore column

CLCD: 4010 CLCD: 4011

HE !FLO ME !FLO

2 2 2 3

RR2 BED 2 RR2

o. 0 1.6 11.0 5. 0 1.6 12.0 6. 0 1.7 13.0 7. 0 1.7 14.0 8. 0 1.8 15.0 9. 0 1.9 0. 0

10.0 1.9 11.0 1.9 12.0 2. 0 13.0 2. 2 14.0 2. 3

CLCD: 4012

15.0 2. 5 16.0 2 . 5 ME !FLO

17.0 2. 7 18.0 3. 0 2 2

19.0 3 . 5 20 . 0 3. 6

RR2

0. 0 5 . 0 6. 0 7. 0 8. 0 9 . 0

NB: These are elutriated samples. Add 1. 0 em to Bed 2.

10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14 .0 15 .0 16.0 17 .0 18. 0 19.0 20 .0

BED 2

4.1 4. 7 5.7 6 . 7 7. 7 1.6

BED 2

1.7 1.9 2 . 1 2 . 3 2. 5 2. 7 2. 9 3. 2 3. 5 4. 2 4. 7 5. 2 5.8 6. 5 7. 0 8. 0 8. 5

ME

z

I

ME

z

- 181 -


Table 66 Cont'd: Simple bed expansion results, prepared wood particles, 3.18 em bore column.

CLCD : 4004 CLCD: 4005

I FLO ~IE !FLO

z 2 2

RRZZ BED z RR 22 BED

0-0 LZ 0. 0 0. 3 5-0 1.3 4. 0 Ll

10-0 L9 5. 0 1.3 15-0 4.0 6.0 L3 20-0 10-0 7 . 0 1.5

8. 0 L5 9.0 1.7

10.0 2. 0 I 2 . 0 2. 5

CLCD: 40 06

!FLO

z CLCD: 4007

RRZZ BED z I RRlZ BED

0-0 0-8 0. 0 1.4 4-0 L3 4. 0 1.8 5-0 1.7 5. 0 2. 0 6-0 z. 4 6. 0 2. 5 7. 0 3. z 7. 0 3. 8 8 . 0 3. 9 8 . 0 4-5 9.0 4 . 4 9 . 0 5. 5

10.0 6. 0 10.0 8 . 0 !2. 0 7. 0 0.0 1.4 14 . 0 10.0 15 . 0 13.0 0.0 0. 7

NB: These are elutriated samples. Add l .0 em to Bed 2.

2

2

- 180


Table 66: Simp le bed expansion results: prepared wood particles, 3 . 18 em bore co lumn .

ME

f1E

2

CLCD: 4000 CLCD: 4001

!FLO ME !FLO

2 3

RR22 BED RR22 BED 2

0. 0 4.5 12.0 12.5 5 . 0 4. 7 14.0 15.0

10.0 6 . 4 15.0 8. 3 20 .0 10. 3

CLCD: 4003

CLCD : 400 2 ME !FLO

!FLO 2 3

2 RR22 BED 2

RR22 BED 2 11.0 18.0

~ : ~ ~ : ~ 12.0 19.0 13.0 24 .0

7. 0 7. 2 14 . 0 27.0 8 . 0 7.3 15 .0 30.0 9 . 0 7. 4

10.0 7 . 7 11.0 8. 0 12 . 0 8. 4 13 . 0 9 . 2 14.0 10.2 15.0 12.0 16.0 12.5 17.0 13.5 18.0 14.7 19.0 15.7 20.0 16 . 5

NB: (A) These are un-elutriated sample s .

(B) 1.0 e m must be added to BED 2i thi s i s the e nd correction of the col umn.

• 179 •


Table 65 Cont 1 d: Simple bed expansion resultSi prep ared wood particles , 1. 91 em bore column

CLCD: 40SZ

ME !FLO

I I

RRZZ BED Z

0.0 5. 9 0.0 4. 7 5. 0 6 . 4 6. 0 7. z 7. 0 8. z 8. 0 10.3 9. 0 lZ. 9

10.0 14.5 11.0 IS. 7 IZ. 0 17.7 13.0 19.5 14 .o Zl. 0 15.0 Z4. 5 16.0 Z8. 5

• 178 •

SI MPLE BED E XPA.~S!ON EXPER HIENTS

Table 65: Simp l e bed expansion resu l ts: prepared woo d par t ic l es, 1.91 em bo re column.

CLCD: 404 9 CLCD: 40SO

ME !FLO HE !FLO

I I 1 1

RR22 BED 2 RR22 BED 2

0. 0 6 . 6 0. 0 4. 6 0. 0 s. 0 n. o 3. s s. 0 6 . 3 4.0 4.1 6. 0 7. 4 s. 0 4. s 7. 0 8. 9 6. 0 4. 7 8. 0 9. 3 7. 0 s. 0 9. 0 12.4 8 . 0 s. 2

IO. 0 I4. 8 9. 0 7 . 0 11.0 I6. 0 10.0 11.4 I2. 0 17. s 11.0 17. s 13.0 22. s I2 . 0 21.0 I4. 0 24. s 13.0 23 . s IS. 0 27. s I6. 0 30.0

CLCD: 40SI

ME I !FLO

I I

RR22 BED 2

0. 0 4 . 1 0. 0 2 . 7 6. 0 4. 6 7 . 0 7 . I 8. 0 8. 0 9. 0 8. 7

IO. 0 9. 3 Il.O 9. 9 I2 .0 10.4 I3. 0 11.0 I4 . 0 I2. 0 IS . 0 I3. 2 I6 . 0 I4. s

- 177

S !MPLE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS

Table 64 Cant' d: Simp l e bed expansion results; spherica l part ic l es.

I CLCD: 3076 CLCD: 3078

I ME !FLO ME !FLO

i I 3 2 3

RR2 BED RR2 BED

0.0 4. 2 0. 0 4.3 11.0 4. 6 4 . 0 5. 7 12.0 4.8 5 . 0 7.1 13.0 5.1 6 .0 8. 4 14.0 5. 5 7. 0 9. 6 IS. 0 5. 8 8 .0 u.o 16 . 0 6. 3 9. 0 13.1 I

10.0 15.1 ' 11.0 18.6 12.0 23.7

CLCD: 3077

ME !FLO

2 2

RR2 BED

0. 0 4. 2 7. 0 5. 6 8. 0 6 . 2 9. 0 7. 0

1 0.0 7 . 6 1 1.0 8. 3 12 . 0 9. 0 13 . 0 9. 7 14 . 0 10.7 15 . 0 u . 7 16 . 0 12.5 17.0 13.4 18.0 14.4 19.0 16.2 20.0 18.0

NOTE: BED INCLUDES END CORRECTION.

- 176 -


Table 64 Cont'd: Simple Bed Expansion Results; Spherical Particles

CLCD: 3072 CLCD: 3073

ME !FLO ME

3 3 1

RR2 BED RR2

0 - 0 s. 6 4. 0 8 . s s. 0 9. 9 6. 0 10.9 7 - 0 12.8 8. 0 IS. 0 9. 0 17 .6

10.0 21. 7

0. 0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14-0 IS . 0 16.0

ll . 0 26 . s 1 2 .0 34. s

CLCD: 307S

ME CLCD: 3074

2 ~1E !FLO

RR2

l 2 2

0. 0 ' RR2 BED 3. 0

4. 0 o. 0 7. 8 s. 0 7. 0 8. 9 6. 0 8. 0 9. s 7.0 9 . 0 10. s 8. 0

10 . 0 11.6 9. 0 11. 0 12.3 10.0 12. 0 12.9 11.0 1 3.0 13.6 12.0 14-0 14. 2 13.0 1S. 0 14-9 14-0 16.0 1S. 6 15.0 17.0 16. 3 16.0 18.0 17 . 3 17.0 19.0 18.2 20.0 19. 3

!FLO

3

BED

7. 7 8. 0 8. 3 8. 6 8. 8 9.1 9. 8

!FLO

3

BED

7. 8 8. 3 9. 6

ll . 4 12 . S 13. 7 14.9 16 . S 18.4 20. s 22 . 6 25 - 7 28.1 32. 5 32. 5 40.0

- 175 -


Table 64 Cont'd: Simp le bed expansion results; s pherical par ticles .

CLCD: 3069 CLCD: 3071

ME I FLO ME !FLO

2 2 3 2

RR2 BED RR2 BED

o. 0 5 . 5 0. 0 5 . 6 I 9. 0 6. 0 6.0 7.1 ! 10.0 6.2 7 .0 8. 4

11.0 6. 7 8 . 0 9. 0 12 . 0 7 . 0 13.0 7 . 3

9.0 ~~: :l channel 12.0 ling

14.0 7 . 5 13.0 11.2 15.0 7 . 9 14.0 11.8 16.0 8.1 15.0 12.6 17.0 8. 4 16.0 13.6 18 . 0 8. 6 17.0 14-5 19.0 8 . 9 18.0 15.5

I 20 . 0 9 .I 19.0 17 .0 20.0 18.4 21.0 20.1 22 . 0 22 .1

CLCD: 3070 23.0 24 . 2 24.0 27.3

ME !FLO 25 .0 29.3

2 3

RR2 BED

0. 0 5. 7 4. 0 5. 8 5. 0 6. 2 6-0 6 . 9 7 . 0 7. 4 8. 0 7.8 9. 0 8. 3

10.0 8. 8 11.0 9. 2 12.0 9. 9 13.0 10.5 14.0 11.2 15.0 11.9 16.0 12.7 17 .0 13 . 3 18.0 14.5 19.0 15.4 20 .0 16.6

- 174 -


Table 64: Cont' d: Si mple bed expansion results; spherica l pa r ticles .

CLCD : 3065 CLCD: 3066

ME !F LO I ME !FLO

I 3 I 2 3

RR2 BED RR2 BED

0. 0 5. 7 0. 0 5. 8 16. 0 5. 9 10 . 0 7. 7 17. 0 10. 7 chan nelling 11.0 7. 9 18 . 0 11. 0 12. 0 8. 3 19.0 11. 2 13.0 8. 5 20.0 1 2. 2 14.0 8 . 9 21.0 12.6 15.0 9. 2 22.0 13.1 16.0 9. 6 23.0 13 . 8 17.0 9 . 9 24.0 14. 3 18.0 10.3 25. 0 14. 9 19.0 10. 8

20.0 11.1

CLCD : 3067 CLCD : 3068

ME !FLO ME !FLO

3 2 3 3

RR2 BED RR2 BED

0. 0 5. 8 o. 0 5 . 9 6 . 0 6. 5 6. 0 9. 0 7. 0 7. 4 7. 0 9. 9 8. 0 8. 2 8. 0 10.9 9 . 0 9. 2 9 . 0 12.0

10.0 10.0 chann ell ing 10 .0 13.4 11.0 14.9 12.0 16.6 13.0 18.8 14.0 22 . 5 15. 0 26 . 4 16.0 30 . 5 17 . 0 36.9

- 173 -

SIMPLE BED EXPANSION EXPERI MENTS

Table 64 Cont'd: Simple bed expansion experiments, sphe r ica l particles.

CLCD: 3061 CLCD: 3063

ME FLO ME !FLO

2 2 1 3

RR2 BE[ RRl BED

0 . 0 8. f 0. 0 7. s 7. 0 10 . 11.0 9. 8 8. 0 10 . ~ 9. 0 11.4

12 .0 10.0 13.0 10. s

10.0 1 2. 1 14.0 11.0 11.0 12.6 IS. 0 11 . 4 12.0 13. f 16.0 11.7 13.0 13 . 9 14.0 IS .1 1S. 0 1S. 9 16.0 17.0 CLCD: 3064 17 . 0 17.7 18.0 18.9 ME !FLO 19 . 0 20.~ 20.0 21.1 2 2

RR2 BED

CLCD: 3062 0. 0 7. 2

ME !FLO 6 . 0 9. 9 7. 0 10 . 6

2 3 8 . 0 11 . 9 9 . 0 12 . 9

RR2 BED 10.0 14 .2 11.0 I S. 9 12.0 17 .1

0. 0 8. 6 13.0 18.8 4. 0 10.3 14 . 0 21.1 s . 0 11 . 9 1S. 0 23. 6 6. 0 13 . 2 16 . 0 26.7 7. 0 14.3 17 . 0 30. 7 8. 0 1S . 9 18.0 37 . 0 9. 0 1 7.9

10 . 0 20 . 0 11.0 22 . 6 12.0 26.9 13 . 0 27 . 1 l4 . 0 28. 7

- 17 2 -


Table 64:

CLCD: 3042 CLCD: 3043

ME !FLO ME !FLO

3 2 3 3

RR2 BED RR2 BED

0. 0 4. 8 0. 0 4.7

I 7. 0 6 . 3 8. 0 7. 2 9. 0 7. 9

4. 0 6. 4 5. 0 7 . 0 6. 0 7. 7

10.0 8. 4 7. 0 8. 5 11.0 7. 3 8. 0 9. 5 12 . 0 7. 6 9. 0 10. 5 13.0 7 . 9 10.0 11.8 14.0 8. 2 11.0 13.2 15.0 8. 6 12.0 15.1 16.0 8. 9 13.0 17.5 17.0 9. 4 14.0 20 . 9 18.0 9. 8 15.0 25. 0 !9. 0 10.2 20.0 10. 7 21.0 11.2 22. 0 11.8 CLCD: 3051 2 3. 0 12.4 24.0 13.0 ME !FLO 25.0 13.6

1 1

RR2 BED

0. 0 6. 2 0. 0 6. 2 2. 0 6. 2 3. 0 6.2 4. 0 6 . 4 5. 0 6. 6 6. 0 7. 0 7. 0 7. 6 8. 0 8.1 9. 0 8. 7

10.0 9. 4 11.0 9. 9 12.0 10.4 13.0 11.1 14.0 11.9 15.0 12.5 16.0 13.1

- 171 -


Table 64 Cont'd: Simple bed expansion results; Spherical Particles .

CLCD: 3038 CLCD: 3039

ME !FLO ME !FLO

2 3 2 3

RR2 BED RR2 BED

0. 0 3. 3 0.0 3 . 3 6. 0 3. 9 4. 0 4 . 5 7. 0 4. 4 5.0 5. 4 8. 0 4. 8 6. 9 6.3 9. 0 5. 2 7. 0 7. 2

10.0 5.6 8. 0 8. 4 11.0 6. 0 9. 0 9. 8 12.0 6. 4 10.0 11.9 13 . 0 7. 0 14.0 7. 5 15.0 8 .I 16.0 8 . 8 17.0 9 .6 18.0 10 . 6 19.0 11.6 20 . 0 12.6 CLCD: 3041

ME !FLO

CLCD: 3040 1 3 '

ME !FLO RR2 BED

1 1 0 . 0 7. 0

RR2 BED 5. 0 7. 1 6.0 7 .1

0. 0 7. 0 7. 0 7 . 1 8 . 0 7.1

7. 0 7. 2 8. 0 7. 3 9.0 7. 6

9.0 7. 2 10.0 8. 2 10.0 7. 2 11.0 8. 4 11.0 7. 2 12.0 8. 8 12.0 7. 4 13.0 9.1 13.0 7. 7 14.0 9. 8 14.0 8. 0 15.0 10.3 15.0 8. 2 16 . 0 8. 4

16.0 10.6 I

- 170 -


Table 64; Cont'd: Simple Bed Expansion Results; Spherical Particles

CLCD: 3036 CLCD: 3037

ME !FLO ME !FLO

2 2 2 3

RR2 BED RR2 BED

o. 0 5.1 0. 0 5.1

6. 0 5. 2 4 . 0 5. 8

7. 0 5. 5 5. 0 6. 7

8. 0 5 . 9 6. 0 7. 6

9. 0 6. 3 7. 0 8. 3

10.0 6. 8 8 . 0 9. 2

11.0 7.1 9. 0 10.1

12 . 0 7. 6 10.0 11.0

13. 0 8. 1 11.0 12. 2

14 . 0 8. 5 12.0 13.5

15. 0 9.1 13.0 14 . 9

16. 0 9 . 5 14.0 16.6

17. 0 9. 9 15 .0 18.9

18.0 10.3

19.0 10.8

20.0 11. 3

- 169 -


Table 64: Cont'd: Simple bed expansion results: spherical particles

CLCD: 3034 CLCD : 3035

ME !FLO ME !FLO

z z z 3

RRZ BED RRZ BED

0. 0 4 .I 0 . 0 4.1 7. 0 4.3 4 . 0 4. 4 8. 0 4. 4 s. 0 4. 6 9.0 4 . 5 6. 0 5 .I

10. 0 4 . 7 7. 0 5. 4 I I. 0 4. 9 8. 0 5. 7 IZ. 0 5.1 9 . 0 6. 0 13.0 5. 3 10.0 6. 4 14.0 s. 5 II. 0 6. 7 IS. 0 5. 6 IZ. 0 7 . I 16.0 5.8 13.0 7. 5 17.0 5. 9 14.0 7. 9 18.0 6.1 19 . 0 6. 3

15 . 0 8. 3 16.0 8. 8

zo. 0 6. 5 17.0 9. 3 18.0 9.9 19.0 10.5 20 . 0 II. 2

- 206 -

AGITATED EXPANDED BED EXPERIMENTS

Table 73 Cont 1 d: Results; spherical particles, 3.18 ern bore column

CLCD: 5023 CLCD: 5024

ME !FLO I VOLT !HG ME !FLO !VOLT JHG

0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PCJ RR2 BED 2 PCF PCJ

0. 0 4.1 21. 8 21. 8 0. 0 4.1 21. 8 21. 8 9. 0 4.3 26.4 21.8

10.0 4 . 4 26.4 21. 8 11.0 4. 5 26. 5 21. 8 12. 0 4. 5 26. 5 21. 8

CLCD: 5025 13. 0 4.6 26. 5 21. 8 14.0 4. 7 26. 6 21.8

ME !FLO !VOLT !HG 15.0 4.8 26 .6 21. 8 16.0 4 . 9 26 .6 21. 8

1 3 0 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PCI

0.0 4.1 21. 8 21.8 CLCD: 5026 6. 0 4.3 26 . 5 21.8 7 . 0 4. 4 26.5 21. 8 ME !FLO !VOLT IHG 8 . 0 4. 5 26 . 5 21. 8 9.0 4. 6 26 . 5 21.8 2 2 0 0

10.0 4. 7 26 . 6 21. 8 11.0 4.8 26.6 21.8 RR2 BED 2 PCF PC! 12.0 5.1 26 . 7 21. 8 13. 0 5. 5 26.8 21.9 0. 0 4 . 1 21. 8 21.8 14. 0 5. 7 26. 8 21.9 4. 0 4. 4 26 . 5 21. 8 1 5.0 6 . 0 26 . 8 21.9 5. 0 4. 6 26 .5 21. 8 16.0 6. 2 26. 8 21. 9 6. 0 5. 4 26.8 21.8

7. 0 6.1 26.8 21.8 8. 0 6. 7 26. 8 21.8 9. 0 7. 3 26.9 21. 9

10.0 7. 8 26.9 21.9 11.0 8. 4 26.9 21.9 12.0 9.1 27.0 21.9 13.0 9. 9 27.0 21.9 14 . 0 10.7 27.0 21.9 15.0 ll. 5 27.0 21.9 16.0 12.5 27.0 21.9 17. 0 13 . 9 27 .1 21.9 18.0 15.2 27.1 21.9 19.0 17.2 27.1 21.9 20 . 0 19.0 27.2 21.9

- 205 -


Table 73 Cont'd: Results; spherical particles, 3.18 em bore column

CLCD: 5020 CLCD: 5021

ME ' !FLO !VOLT IHG ME !FLO 1VOLT IHG

I 1 no 0 1 3 130 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC! RR2 BED 2 PCF PCI

o. 0 3.3 21.4 21. 7 0. 0 3.3 21.4 21. 7 5. 0 3. 6 21.4 21 . 7 4. 0 3. 6 21.4 21. 7 6. 0 12. 2 21. 7 21. 8 5. 0 12.4 21. 7 21. 8 7. 0 12. 4 21.7 21. 8 6 . 0 12.5 21.7 21.8 8. 0 12.5 21. 7 21.8 7. 0 12.6 21. 7 21.8 9. 0 12 . 6 21.7 21.8 8. 0 12. 8 21.7 21. 8

10.0 J 2. 7 21. 7 21. 8 9. 0 13.1 21.7 21.8 11.0 12. 8 21. 7 21.8 10.0 13. 3 21. 7 21. 8 12.0 13.0 21. 7 21. 8 11.0 13. 7 21. 7 21.8 13.0 13.2 21. 7 21.8 12.0 13.9 21. 7 21.8 14. 0 n.3 21. 7 21.8 13.0 14.0 21. 8 21.8 15.0 13.8 21. 7 21. 8 14.0 14.3 21.8 21.8 16.0 n. 9 21. 7 Zl. 8 15.0 14.5 21.8 21.8

16.0 14.6 Zl. 8 21. 8

CLCD: 5022

ME IFLO !VOLT IHG

2 2 no 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 3. 3 21.4 21. 7 2. 0 3. 5 21. 5 21. 8 3. 0 11 . 7 21. 7 21. 8 4. 0 12. 5 21. 7 21. 8 5. 0 13.1 21. 7 21. 8 6 . 0 13.7 21. 8 21. 8 7. 0 14.2 21. 8 21 . 8 8. 0 14. 7 21.8 21. 8 9.0 15.1 21. 8 21.8 0. 0 15 . 8 21.8 21. 8 1.0 16. 2 21.8 21.8

12.0 17.0 11.8 21.8 3. 0 17.6 21.8 21.8 4.0 18.5 21.9 21.8

15.0 19.5 21.9 21. 8 16.0 20.7 21.9 21.8

- 204 -

AGI TATED EXPANDED BED EXPERI MENTS

Table 73: Con t 'd: Results; Spherical pa r tic l es , 3 .1 8 em bo re co l umn

I CLCD : 5017 CLCD : 50 1 8

ME !FLO !VOLT I HG ME ! FLO !VOLT IHG

1 I 110 0 1 3 11 0 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC! RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 3. 2 21. 5 21. 8 0 . 0 3. 2 21. 5 21. 8 4. 0 3 . 3 21.4 21. 7 4 . 0 3. 3 21.6 21.8 5. 0 3. 3 21.6 21.8 5. 0 3. 4 21.6 21. 8 6. 0 3. 3 21. 6 21.8 6. 0 3 . 4 21. 6 21. 8 7 . 0 3 . 4 21. 6 21. 8 7. 0 3. 7 21. 7 21. 8 8. 0 3. 5 21.6 21. 8 8 . 0 9. 6 21. 8 21. 8 9. 0 3 . 6 21. 7 21. 8 9. 0 9. 8 21. 8 21. 8

I 0 . 0 8. 8 21.8 21. 8 10.0 10.0 21. 8 21. 8 11.0 9. 6 21. 8 21. 8 11.0 10 . 2 21. 8 21. 8 12. 0 9.7 21. 8 21.8 12.0 10. 7 21. 8 21. 8 13.0 10 . 0 21.8 21.8 13. 0 11.0 21. 8 21.8 14 . 0 10.0 21.8 21. 8 14.0 11.4 21. 8 21. 8

. 15.0 10.0 21. 8 21. 8 15.0 11 . 8 21. 8 21. 8 ! 16.0 10 . 2 21. 8 21. 8 16 . 0 1 2 . 2 21. 8 21. 8

I CLCD: 5019

ME !FLO !VOLT !HG

2 2 110 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 3. 2 21. 4 21. 7 4.0 3 . 6 21.6 21. 7 5. 0 8. 7 21. 8 21. 8 6 . 0 9. 7 21. 8 21 . 8 7. 0 10.4 21.8 21. 8 8. 0 11. 7 21.9 21. 8 9. 0 12. 7 21. 9 21. 8

10.0 13 . 7 21. 9 21. 8 11.0 14. 2 21.9 21.8 12.0 14.9 21.9 21. 8 13 . 0 16 . 0 21.9 21. 8 14 . 0 16. 8 22 . 0 21. 8 15. 0 18.2 22 . 0 21. 8 !6. 0 19 . 2 22.0 21.8 17 . 0 20.5 22.1 21. 8

- 203 -


Table 73 Cont'd: Results; Sphe rical particles, 3.18 em bore column.

CLCD: 5014 CLCD: 5015

~E !FLO !VOLT IHG HE !FLO !VOLT

-1 1 90 0 1 3 90

RR2 BED 2 PCF PCJ RR2 BED 2 PCF

0. 0 3. 2 21.5 21.6 0. 0 3. 2 21.5 4. 0 3. 3 21.8 21. 8 4 . 0 3. 3 21. 7 5. 0 3. 3 21. 7 21.8 5. 0 3. 3 21. 7 6. 0 3. 3 21. 8 21. 8 6. 0 3. 4 21.8 7. 0 3. 4 21.8 21. 8 7. 0 3. 5 21.9 8. 0 3. 4 21.8 21.8 8. 0 3. 6 21.9 9. 0 3.5 21.9 21.8 9. 0 3. 7 21.9

10.0 3. 5 21.9 21.8 10.0 3. 8 21.9 11.0 3.6 21.9 21. 8 11.0 4. 2 22.0 12.0 3. 7 21.9 21. 8 12.0 7. 8 22.0 13.0 3. 7 21. 9 21. 8 13.0 8. 2 22.0 14 . 0 3 . 8 21.9 21 . 8 14.0 -8.4 22. 0 15.0 3. 9 22.0 21.8 15.0 8. 4 22.0 16 . 0 4. 2 22.0 21.8 16.0 8. 5 22 .0

CLCD: 5016

HE !FLO !VOLT IHG

2 2 90 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 3. 2 21.6 21. 7 4. 0 3. 5 21. 7 21. 7 5. 0 3 . 7 21.8 21.8 6. 0 7. 0 22.0 21.9 7. 0 7.8 22.0 21.9 8. 0 8. 4 22.0 21.9 9. 0 8. 9 22.0 21.9

10.0 9.3 22.0 21.9 11.0 9. 8 22.0 21.8 1 2.0 10. 7 22.0 21.8 13.0 12.1 22.0 21.8 14.0 13.8 22.0 21.8 15.0 15. 2 22.0 21.8 16.0 16.5 22.1 21.8 17.0 18 . 2 22.1 21. 8 18.0 20.4 22.3 21. 8

!HG

0

PC!

21.6 21.7 21. 8 21.8 21. 8 21.8 21.8 21. 8 21.8 21.8 21.8 21. 8 21.8 21. 8

- ~ 02


Table 73 Cont 'd : Results ; Spherica l partic le s , 3.18 e m bore column

I CLCD: 5011 CLCD: 5012

~1 E !FLO !VOLT IHG ME ' !FLO !VOLT IHG I

I 1 70 0 1 3 70 0


0. 0 3 . 1 21. 8 21. 8 0. 0 3.1 21.. 8 21. 8 4. 0 3 . 2 21.9 21. 8 3. 0 3. 2 21. 8 21. 8 5 . 0 3 . 3 21. 8 21.8 4. 0 3. 3 21.9 21. 8 6. 0 3 . 3 21. 9 21.8 5. 0 3. 4 21.9 21. 8 7.0 3. 4 21.9 21.9 6. 0 3 . 4 22.0 21. 8 8 . 0 3 . 4 22 .0 21.8 7. 0 3 . 5 22. 0 21. 8 9. 0 3 . 5 22.0 21. 9 8 . 0 3 . 6 22.0 21. 8

10.0 3 .5 22. 0 21.8 9 . 0 3 . 7 22.0 21. 8 ll. 0 3 . 6 22. 0 2 1.8 10.0 3. 8 22.0 21. 8 1 2 .0 3 . 6 22. 0 21. 8 11. 0 3 . 8 22 . 0 21. 8 13.0 3. 7 22 . 0 21. 8 12.0 3. 9 22 . 0 21. 8 14.0 3. 7 22 . 0 21. 8 13. 0 4 . 0 22 .0 21. 8 15. 0 3 . 8 22 .0 21. 8 14. 0 4 . 2 22 . 0 21. 8 16.0 3 . 9 22 . 0 21. 8 -·

15. 0

i 4. 5 22 .1 21.9

16.0 4 . 9 22.1 21.9

CLCD: 5013

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG

2 2 70 0

RRZ BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 3 .1 21. 7 21. 7 4. 0 3. 4 21.8 21. 7 5. 0 3. 6 21.9 21. 8 6 . 0 3. 9 22.0 21. 8 7 . 0 4 . 2 22 .0 21.8 8. 0 5. 3 22.0 21. 8 9. 0 7. 2 22 . 0 21. 8

10.0 8 . 2 22.0 21. 8 11.0 9.1 22 . 0 21. 8 12.0 9. 8 22. 0 21.8 1 3.0 10 . 6 22.0 21. 8 14.0 11. 4 22 .2 21.8 1 5 . 0 12.6 22 . 2 21. 8 16. 0 14.3 22 . 2 21. 8 17 . 0 16.0 22.3 21. 8 18.0 21. 5 22.6 ' 21. 8 I

- 201 -

AGITATED EXPANDED J!ED EXPERIMENTS

Table 73 Cont'd: Results: Spherical particles, 3.18 em bor e column

CLCD: S008 CLCD: S009

ME !FLO !VOLT !HG ME !FLO !VOLT

1 1 so 0 l 3 so

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC! RR2 BED 2 PCF

11.0 2. 8 21.9 21.8 0.0 2. 8 21.8 6. 0 3.1 22.0 21.9 4. 0 3.1 22.0 7. 0 3. 2 22.0 21.9 s. 0 3. 3 22.0 8. 0 3. 3 22.0 21.8 6. 0 3. 4 22 .l

7.0 3. s 22 .l 8. 0 3. 6 22.1 9. 0 3. 7 ZZ.l

10.0 3. 9 22 .l ll. 0 4. 0 22 .l

9. 0 3. 4 22.0 21.8 10.0 3. s 21.1 21.8 11.0 3. 6 22.1 21. 8 12.0 3.7 22.1 21. 8 13.0 3. 8 22.1 21.8

12.0 4. 2 22 . 2 13.0 4.3 22.2 14.0 4. 4 22.2

14.0 3. 9 22. 2 21.9 ~s. o 4. 0 22. 2 21.9 16.0 4. l 22.1 Zl. 8

lS. 0 4. 6 22.2 16.0 4. 7 22 . 2

CLCD: SOlO

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG

2 2 so 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 2 . 8 21. 8 21.8 3. 0 3 . 2 22.0 21.8 4. 0 3. 4 22 .l 21. 8 s. 0 3. 7 22.1 21. 8 6. 0 4. 0 22.2 21.9 7. 0 4. 4 22. 2 21.9 8. 0 4. 9 22.2 21.9 9. 0 s. s 22.2 21.9

10.0 6. 4 22.2 21.9 11.0 7. 8 22.2 21.9 12.0 8. 0 22. 2 21.9 13.0 9. 9 zz. 2 21.9 14 . 0 11.2 22.2 21.9 lS. 0 12. s 22. 2 21.9 16.0 13.8 22. 2 21.9 17.0 16.4 22 . 3 21.9 18 . 0 19.0 22.4 21.9

IHG

0

PC!

Zl. 8 21. 8 Zl. 8 21.8 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9

- 200 -


Table 73 Cont'd : Results: Spherical particles , 3.18 em bore column

CLCD: SODS CLCD: S006

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG ~IE !FLO !VOLT

I I 40 0 I 3 40


0. 0 2. 8 21. 8 21. 8 7 . 0 3. I 22 .I 21.9 8. 0 3 . 3 22.1 21.9 9 . 0 3. s 22.1 21.9

10.0 3 . 6 22. 1 21.9 11.0 3. 7 22. I 21.9 12. 0 J. 8 22. 1 21.9 13. 0 3. 9 22.1 21.9 14.0 4. 0 22.1 21.9 IS. 0 4. 2 22.1 21.9 16. 0 4 . 3 22. I 21.9

o. 0 2 . 8 21. 8 4. 0 3. 0 22 . 0 s. 0 3. 2 22.0 6. 0 3. 3 22.1 7. 0 3. 4 22.1 8. 0 3. 6 22.1 9. 0 3. 9 22 . 1

10 . 0 4.1 22. I II. 0 4. 3 22.1 12.0 4. 4 22.1 13.0 4. 6 22.1 14.0 4. 8 22.1 1S . 0 s. 0 22.1

CLCD: S007 16.0 s. 2 22. I

ME !FLO !VOLT JHG

2 2 4U u

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 2 . 8 21. 9 21. 8 4.0 3. 4 22 . 1 21.9 5. 0 3.8 22. I 21. 9 6 . 0 4. 3 22.1 21. 9 7. 0 4. 7 22. 1 21 . 9 8. 0 s. 4 22.1 21.9 9. 0 6.2 22 .I 21.9

10.0 7.1 22.2 21.9 11.0 7. 7 22. 2 21. 9 12.0 9 . 0 22. 2 21. 9 13.0 10.3 22 . I 21. 8 14.0 11 . 8 22.2 21.9 IS. 0 13. 2 22. 2 21. 9 16.0 IS .1 22. 2 21.8 17. 0 17. 2 22.4 21.9

IHG

0

PC!

21. 7 21. 8 21. 8 21.8 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9 21.9

- 199 -


Table 73: Results: Spherical particles, 3.18 em bore co lumn

CLCD: 5001 CLCD: 5002

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG ME !FLO !VOLT I HG

1 I 0 0 1 3 0 0

~RZ BED Z PCF PC! RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

~: ~ < 0. <1 •• l_, 7 2. 9 22 0 0 Zl. 7 0 0 0 2 0 8 21. 8 21. 7

9 0 0 2. 9 22 0 0 21.7 6.0 2 0 9 22 0 0 21. 7 10 0 0 3. 0 22 0 0 Zl. 8 7 0 0 3. 0 22 0 0 21.8 11.0 3. 0 22.0 21. 8 8. 0 3.1 22. 1 21 . 8 12 0 0 3. 3 22 .I 21.8 9 0 0 3. 3 22.1 21. 8

113 0 0 3. 4 22 .I 21.8 1'4 0 0 3. 5 22 .I 21.8 15.0 3. 5 22.1 21.8

10 0 0 3. 4 22.1 21. 8 11.0 3. 5 22.1 21. 8 12.0 3. 7 22.1 21.8

16.0 3. 6 22 . 1 Zl. 8 13.0 3. 9 22.1 21.9 14 0 0 4.1 22.1 21.9 15 0 0 4 . 3 22.2 21.9 16 0 0 4.5 22 0 2 21.9

I CLCD: 5003

~IE !FLO IVt)LT IHG

2 2 0 0 CLCD: 5004

RRZ BED z PCF PC! ME !FLO !VOLT IHG

0 0 0 2 0 8 21. 8 21.7 2 3 0 0

4 0 0 3 .1 22 0 0 21.7 50 0 3. 2 22 . 1 Zl. 8 RR2 BED2 PCF PC !

6.0 3. 5 22.1 21.8 7 0 0 3. 9 22 0 2 21.8 -- -- -- --8 0 0 4 0 4 22 0 2 21.8 9. 0 5. 3 22.2 21.8

10 0 0 6 0 0 22 0 2 21.9 11.0 6 . 5 22.2 21.9 12 0 0 7 0 2 22 0 2 21.9 13. 0 8. 4 22 0 2 21.9 14 0 0 8 0 5 22.2 21.8 15 0 0 10 0 7 22 0 2 21.8 16 0 0 13.0 22 0 2 21.8 17 0 0 15 0 4 22.2 21.8 18 0 0 18 0 0 22 0 2 21.8

Table 72 :

~~~~~N 7~~~) POVO (ml) CLCD 7001 PALEN (em) POVO (m1) CLCD 7002 PALEN (em) POVO (ml) CLCD 7003 PALEN (em) POVO (m 1) CLCD 7004 PALEN (em) POVO (m1) CLCD 7005 PALEN (em) POVO (ml) CLCD 7006 PALEN (em) POVO (m1) CLCD 700 7 PALEN (em) POVO (m1) CLCD 7008 PALEN (em) POVO (m1) CLC D 7009 PALEN (em) POVO (ml) CLCD 7010 PALEN (em) POVO (m1) CLCD 7011 PALEN (em) POVO (m 1) CLCD 701 2 PALEN (em) POVO (ml) CLCD 7013 PAlEN (em) POVO (m1) CLCD 7014 PALEN (em) POVO (m1)

. 198 .

AGITATED EXPANDED BED EXPER IMENTS

Voidage de t erminations: Mi 11 e ff 1 uent particles, 1.91 em bore column.

EXPERIMENT NUMBER AVERAGE

1 2 3 4 5

8.3 8. 2 8.3 8 . 4 8. 5 8. 34 138.0 138. 2 138. 2 138.3 138.0 138.13

7. 6 7 . 2 7. 8 7. 9 7. 2 7. 34 137.8 138. 0 13 7. 8 137.8 138 . 5 137.98

5. 5 5. 5 5. 0 5.1 5.3 5. 28 137. 7 138. 1 138.0 137.9 13 7 . 8 13 7 . 85

8. 7 8. 3 7. 7 7. 5 7. 7 7 . 98 137. 7 138.7 138.0 138. 7 138.1 138.22

11.6 9. 6 10.0 10.1 9 . 8 10.22 137.4 137.0 137 .I 137 .2 137.6 137.23

13.1 6. 4 10. 5 10.0 8. 5 9. 70 137. 5 138.1 13 7 . 2 138 . 0 138.2 13 7. 80

7. 5 9 . 8 6. 8 8. 8 7.1 8. DO 138.4 138 . 0 138. 2 138.1 138 .2 138 . 20

11.3 11.7 ll. 5 9.7 10.5 10.94 138.0 137 . 4 138.2 13 7 . 5 137. 8 13 7.88

13.0 1 2 .6 14.0 12 . 7 13.1 13 .08 137. 7 137.0 136.2 137. 5 137.1 137.61

8.3 9.1 7. 8 9. 8 9 . 5 8. 90 137 . 5 137 . 8 138. 4 137. 5 137. 3 13 7.7 0

10.5 8. 5 9. 5 8. 6 9. 0 9. 22 138.1 138 . 2 13 7. 9 137.8 138 . 0 138.00

15.5 15. 4 12.7 14 . 7 13.4 14 . 34 138.0 138. 5 138.0 138.8 137.8 138.22

15. 3 1 2.6 9.0 8 . 9 13.5 11.86 137 . 2 137.9 137. 2 137.9 137.9 137.62

14. 8 11.4 10.0 15.0 14 . 6 13.16 137 . 9 137.3 136.4 136.9 137.3 137 . 16

9 . 4 8. 3 9. 0 9.0 8. 8 8. 90 138 . 5 138.7 139.0 138. 8 138.6 138 . 72

NB : Fo r all samples: EVO • 139.9 m1; EBOVO- 31.8 ml.

• 197 •


Table 71: Mill Effluent Particles, 3.18 em bore column at 25° C

CLCD CODE 200 BED 00 PCF 00 PC! 00

7000 4714 7. 0 22.0 21.8

7001 4 712 6.0 22.0 21.9

7002 4713 7. 0 21.8 21.7

7003 4744 8. 0 21.8 21.7

7004 4743 9.0 21.8 21.7

7005 4742 9.8 21.8 21.7

7006 3832 8. 3 21.7 21.7

7007 3833 8.5 21.7 21.7

7008 3834 7. 7 21.6 21.6

7009 3842 6 . 7 21.6 21.6

7010 3843 9.3 21.6 21.6

7011 3844 8. 9 21.6 21.6

7012 3852 6. 4 21.6 21.6

7013 3853 6. 0 21.6 21.6

7014 3854 4. 5 21.6 21.6

196 •

AGITATED EXPAND[D BED EXPERI:IENTS

Table 70: Prepared wood particles. 3.18 em bore co lumn at 25° C

IPAK I PAR BED 00 4. z PCF 00 ZI.B PC! 00 Zl. 7

CLCD 600 I

IPAK I PAR BED 00 3. B PCF 00 Zi. 7 PC! 00 Zl. 7

CLCD 600Z

IPAK !PAR BED 00 3. 5 PCF 00 Zl. 8 PC! 00 Zi. 7

CLCD 6003

- 195 -

AGlTATED EXPANDED BED EXPERIMENTS

Table 69: Spherical Particles, 3.18 em bore- co lumn at Z5 ° c.

IPAK !PAR BED 00 z. 9

CLCD 5001 5004

lPAK 6 !PAR 6 BED 00 z. 8

CLCD 5005 50ZZ

!PAK !PAR BED 00 4. z CLCD 5023 5039

IPAK !PAR BED 00 4.1

CLCD 5040 5051

- 194 -

AGITATED EXPANDED BED EX?ERI'~ENTS

Table 68: Bed Expansion and Pressure Drop at Various Stirring Speeds

1PAK 7 !PAR 4

~IE !FLO IHG RR2

1 1 0 0

!VOLT BED 2 PCF PCl

0 2 - 9 21.8 21.7

40 2. 8 21.7 21. 7

so 2. 9 21. 7 21.7

60 3. 0 21.7 21.7

70 . 3 .1 21.8 21.7

80 3. 2 21.8 21.7

90 3. 3 21.8 21.6

100 3.3 21.7 21.5

110 3. 3 21.8 21 .5

120 3. 3 21. 8 21.4

130 3. 3 21.8 21.4

140 3. 4 21.7 21.3

- 193 -


Table 67: Stirring Speeds

Trans former MOTOR SPEED (RPM) Setting Without With

VOLT LOAD

40 390 360

so 640 630

60 810 860

70 1120 1200

80 1400 1450

90 1600 1650

100 1850 1860

110 2020 2000

120 2150 2120

130 -- 2300

140 -- 2520

NB: Speed reduction; Motor-Stirrer 19:50

j

- 192 -

S I MP LE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS

Table 66 Cont'd: Simple bed expansion resul t s : prepared wood particles, 3. 18 em bore column

CLCD: 4061 CLCD: 4062

ME I FLO IE !FLO

1 1 1 3


0 . 0 9.6 0 . 0 8 . 4 6 . 0 21.9 3 . 0 18 . 0 7 . 0 22. 7 4 . 0 19. 7 8. 0 24.4 5 . 0 20 . 6 9. 0 25.6 6 . 0 23.2

10.0 26.8 7 . 0 24 . 8 11 . 0 27.3 8. 0 26 . 2 12 . 0 28 . 4 9 . 0 27.0 13.0 29.4 10.0 27.9 14.0 31.5 11.0 30.9 IS . 0 32 . 1 12.0 34 .9 16.0 33.8 13.0 38.0

CLCD: 4064 CLCD : 4063

ME !FLO ME !FLO

1 I 1 1


0.0 5. 6 0. 0 5. 8 4 . 0 11.5 4 . 0 13.0 5 . 0 13.1 5. 0 13.9 6.0 14.4 6. 0 14.7 7. 0 15. 5 7. 0 15.5 8. 0 16.6 8. 0 17.5 9. 0 18 . 2 9.0 20.1

10.0 20 . 0 10.0 24. s 11.0 22 . 2 11.0 29.0 12 . 0 25.9 12.0 38. s 13.0 29.4 14.0 33.4 15 . 0 37.5

- 191 -


Table 66 Cant 'd: Simple bed expansion results; prepared wood particles, 3.18 em bore column

CLCD: 4060

ME !FLO

2 3

RR22 BED 2

0.0 4-9 0. 0 4.1 1.0 4. 9 2. 0 5. 0 3. 0 5. 5 4.0 6. 2 5.0 8. 0 6. 0 9. 2 7. 0 10 . 5 8-0 12-4 9. 0 15.0

10.0 18.0 11.0 24 .0 12.0 40.0 13.0 4 7.0

. 190 •


Table 66 Cont'd: Simple bed expansion results; prepared wood particles. 3.18 em bore column

I CLCD: 4058 I CLCD: 4059

ME IFLO ME IFLO

2 3 2 2

RR22 BED 2 RR22 BED

o. 0 6. 2 0. 0 5.3 0. 0 5. 4 0. 0 4. 6 1.0 6. 4 1.0 5. 4 2. 0 6. 4 2. 0 5. 4 3 . 0 6. 4 3. 0 5. 4 4. 0 6. 6 4.0 5. 6 5. 0 7. 5 5. 0 5. 9 6. 0 8. 5 6. 0 6.6 7 . 0 IO. 3 7. 0 7.1 8. 0 11.0 8. 0 8 . 7 9. 0 12.8 9. 0 9. 7

10. 0 14.1 10.0 10.4 11.0 15. 5 1!. 0 1!. 2 12.0 17. 7 12 . 0 12.1 13. 0 20.0 13.0 13.1 14.0 22. 4 14. 0 14.4 15.0 26.0 15. 0 15 . 6 16.0 34 . 0 16.0 17. 4 17. 0 42 . 0 17.0 19.0

18.0 21. 5 19 . 0 25.0 20.0 28. 5

2

Table 66 Cont'd:

CLC D:

ME !FLO

2 2

RR2

0 . 0 0 . 0 1.0 2. 0 3 . 0 4. 0 5 . 0 6. 0 7. 0 8. 0 9. 0

10 . 0 II. 0 1Z. 0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19 . 0 20.0

- 189 -


Simple bed expansion results i prepa red wood partic l es, 3.18 em bo re column

4055 CLCD: 4056

ME !FLO

2 3

BED 2 RR2 BED

6. 6 0. 0 6 . 5 5. 9 0. 0 5. 6 6. 6 1.0 6 . 5 6 . 7 2. 0 6. 6 6. 7 3. 0 7. 4 6. 8 4. 0 8. 8 7. 4 5. 0 10 . 3 8 . 0 6.0 12.8 9.1 7. 0 14.8

10.3 8. 0 17.5 11.4 9. 0 22.0 12.0 10.0 30.0 13. 8 11.0 43.0 14.9 16. 2 17. 5 18.0

CLCD: 4057

20.0 22.0

ME !FLO

24.5 28.0

2 2

31. 0 RR2 BED Z

~:~ 7. 4 6. 0

3. 0 7. 6 4. 0 7. 7 5. 0 7. 8 6.0 7. 9 7. 0 8. 2 8. 0 8. 2 9 . 0 8. 2

10 . 0 8. 2 11.0 9.0 12.0 10.5 13 . 0 11. 3 14 . 0 11.8 15.0 12.3 16.0 13.4 17.0 14.0 18.0 14. 6 19 . 0 15.7 20.0 16 .5

2

188 .


Tab l e 66 Cont'd: Simple bed expansion results; prepared wood particles, 3.18 em bore col umn

CLCD: 4053 CLCD: 4054

ME !FLO ME !FLO

2 2 2 3

RR22 BED 2 RR22 BED

o. 0 8. 3 0. 0 8 . 3 0. 0 6. 9 0. 0 6. 9 6. 0 8. 6 2. 0 6 . 9 7 . 0 8. 6 3. 0 6. 9

I 8. 0 8. 8 4. 0 8. 6 I 9. 0 9. 0 5. 0 9. 8

10.0 9. 2 6.0 10.6 11.0 9 . 5 7. 0 l!. 8 12.0 9. 8 8. 0 13. 3 13.0 11.6 9. 0 14.9 14.0 12. 5 10.0 16.5 15. 0 13.0 11.0 18. 5 16. 0 13.5 12.0 20.9 17. 0 14. 5 13.0 23. 8 18.0 16. I 14.0 28 . 0 !9. 0 17.0 IS. 0 33. 0 20.0 17. 5 16 . 0 38 . 0

17.. ~ 45.0

2

. 187 .

SI~IPLE BED EXPANS ION EXPERIMENTS

Table 66 Cont'd:

CLCD: 404 5

ME !FLO

2 3

RR22

: 0. 0 4. 0 5. 0 6. 0 7 . 0 8 0 0 9. 0

10 0 0

CLCD:

ME !FLO

2 3

RR22

OoO 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 50 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8. 0 9 0 0

Simple bed expa nsion results; prepared wood pa rti cles , 3 . 18 em bore column.

CLCD: 4046

ME !FLO

2 2

BED 2 RR22 BED 2

6. I 0 0 0 5 0 7 7 . 0 3 0 0 6 0 6 7 . 6 4 0 0 7 0 0 8 . 5 50 0 7 0 8 9. 5 6 0 0 8 0 5

10.5 7. 0 8 0 0 I 2 o 0 8 0 0 9 . 5 13o 3 9o0 12 . 6

10 . 0 14 0 4 11.0 16 o I 12.0 17 0 5 13o0 19 . 3 14 0 0 20 0 7 I S . 0 zz. 8 16 0 0 7. 4 0 7 17 0 0 26 0 0

404 7

IME

CLCD: 4048

!FLO BED 2

2 2 5 . 5 6o6 RR2 BED 2 7 0 2

10 0 6 u ~:g 13.3 4 0 0 4 . 8 15 0 5 50 0 6 0 5 18.0 6o 0 4 0 7 22 0 0 7 0 0 8o 5 26 0 0 8o 0 11.0

9 0 0 12 .0 10 . 0 17 0 0

- 186 -

S I MPLE BED EXPANSION EXPERIMENTS

Table 66 Con t ' d: Simp l e bed expansion r es ults, prepared wood particles , 3.18 em bore column.

~1 E

ME

2

CLCD: 4028 CLCD: 4029

!FLO ME ! FLO

2 3


7_0 3. 6 8. 0 3 . 9

IO. 0 4. 9 II. 0 s. 4 l3 .0 6. 3 I4. 0 7. 0 I S . 0 7. 6

CLCD : 4044 16 . 0 8. 3

!FLO

2 CLCD : 4030

RR22 BE.D 2 ME I ! FLO

0. 0 6 .I 8. 0 7 .I

3 I 2

9. 0 7 . s RR22 BED 2 IO. 0 7. 8 ll. 0 8. 2 16 . 0 9.S I 2. 0 8. 6 17.0 10.0 I3. 0 9.3 18 . 0 ll.O I4. 0 9. 9 0 . 0 2 . 9 IS. 0 IO. 4 I6. 0 IO. 9 I7. 0 Il.6 I8. 0 I2. 3 I 9.0 I3 .I 20.0 I3. 9

NB : These are e lutriated samp l es ; add 1. 0 em to Bed 2.

- 185 -


Table 66 Cont'd: Simple Bed Expansion Results; Prepared wood particles , 3.18 e m bore c olumn .

HE

ME

2

CLCD: 40 23 CLC D: 4024

!FLO HE ! FLO

z 3

RR22 BED 2 RR22 BED

0. 0 !.0 !0 . 0 z. 0 15 . 0 4. 0 20.0 7. 0

CLCD: 4025 CLCD : 4026

!FLO ME !FLO

3 1 I

RR22 BED 2 RR 22 BED

0.0 0. 3 10.0 2 . 2 15.0 4. 0 20 . 0 8. 0

0. 0 0. 4 5. 0 0.7 7. 0 0. 9 9. 0 1.0

10.0 l.l 12 . 0 l. Z 14.0 !.3

I 15.0 1.4 16.0 1.6

CLCD: 40 27

ME !FLO

1 3

RR2 2 BED

0.0 0 . 4 10.0 20.0 1 2.0 25.0

NB: These are elutriated samples. Add 1.0 em to Bed 2.

2

2

2

- 184 -

SIMPLE BE D EXPANS I ON EXPERIMENTS

Tab l e 66 Cant ' d: Simple bed expansion results; prepared wood par t icles, 3.18 em bore column .

CLCD : 4017

ME !FLO

2 3

RR22 BED 2

12.0 3. 5 14.0 4. 5 16.0 6. 0 18.0 9. 0 20.0 1 2.0

CLCD: 4019

~I E !FLO

2 3

RR22 BED 2

10 . 0 2. 9 12.0 3. 7 14.0 4 . 2 16.0 5. 5 18.0 6. 5 20.0 8. 0

CLCD: 4021

ME !FLO

2 2

RR22 BED 2

0. 0 0.3 5 . 0 0. 9 7. 0 1.0 9. 0 1.3

10.0 1.5 12.0 1.6 14.0 1.8 15.0 2. 0 17.0 2.1 19.0 2 . 4 20 .0 2. 5

ME

2

ME

2

ME

I

CLCD : 40 18

!FLO

2

RR22 BED 2

0. 0 2. 2 5 . 0 2. 2

10.0 2. 4 15.0 2. 7 20.0 3. 0

CLCD: 4020

!FLO

2

RR22 BED 2

0 . 0 1.0 5 . 0 1.1

10 . 0 1.3 1 5.0 1. 5 20 . 0 2. 0

CLCD: 4022

!FLO

RR22 BED 2

NB : These are elutr iated samples. Add 1. 0 em to Bed 2 .

- !83 -


Table 66 Con t' d: Simple bed expansion resu 1 ts ; prepared wood particles, 3.18 em bore column.

ME

2

~IE

z

CLCD: 4013 -l

CLCD: 401S

I FLO ME !FLO

2 2 2

RR2Z BED z RR2Z BEDZ

0.0 l.S 0. 0 0.6 s. 0 l.S 5. 0 1.0 8. 0 1.6 6. 0 !.Z 9.0 1.8 7. 0 1.4

10.0 1.9 8 . 0 1.6 11.0 2.0 9.0 1.8 I Z. 0 z. 0 10.0 z .0 13.0 z. 2 Jl.O 2 . 4 14.0 z. 3 12.0 3. 0 IS. 0 z. s 13.0 4. z 16.0 z. s 14. 0 5.0 I 7 . 0 z. s 15.0 5. 8 18.0 z .6 19.0 z. 9 20 .0 3. z

CLCD: 4016

ME !FLO CLCD: 4014

!FLO RR22 BED

3 0.0 1.8

RRZZ BED z 5.0 1.8 10.0 2 .4

10.0 3. 2 12.0 3. z 14.0 4. 0 IS. 0 s. 0

12.0 2.5 14.0 z. 7 16.0 z. 9 18 . 0 3.0 20.0 3.2

NB: These are elutriated samples; Add 1.0 em \..O Bed 2.

- 207 -


Table 73 Con t'd: Results: Spherical partic les, 3.18 em bore co lumn

CLCD: 5027 CLCD: 5028

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG ME !FLO !VO LT lHG

2 3 0 0 1 1 40 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC! IRR2 BED 2 PCF PC !

0. 0 4 .l 21.8 21.8 0. 0 4. 0 21.8 21.6 4.0 6 .l 26. 8 21. 8 6. 0 4. 0 25 . 3 21.7 s. 0 7. 4 26.9 21.9 7. 0 4 .l 26. s 21. 7 6 . 0 8. 5 26.9 21.9 8. 0 4.3 26.6 21. 7 7. 0 9.9 27.0 21.9 9. 0 4. 3 26.6 21. 7 8. 0 11. s 27.0 21.9 10.0 4. 4 26.6 21. 7 9. 0 14.1 27.0 21.9 11.0 4. 4 26.6 21. 7

10.0 17.0 27 .l 21.9 2. 0 4. s 26.6 21. 7 11.0 21.2 27.2 21.9 13.0 4. 6 26 .6 21. 7 12.0 27 . s 27.2 21.9 14 .0 4. 9 26. 7 21. 7

IS. 0 s. 4 26 . 7 21.7 16.0 s. s 26 . 7 21.7

CLCD : 5029

ME !FLO !VOLT !HG

1 3 40 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0 . 0 4. 0 Zl. 8 21.7 s. 0 4. 2 26. s 21. 7 6.0 4. 4 26.6 21. 7 7. 0 4. s 26.6 21. 7 8. 0 4.6 26 . 6 21.7 9. 0 4 . 9 26.7 21.7

10.0 5.3 26.7 21.7 11.0 s. s 26.7 21.7 12.0 s. 7 26.7 21. 7 13 . 0 s. 9 26.7 21.7 14.0 6.1 26 . 7 21.7 s. 0 6.3 26.7 21.7

16.0 6 . s 26.8 21.8

- 208 -


Table 73 Cont'd: Results; spherical particles, 3.18 em bore colUJ!tO

CLCD: 5030 CLCD: 5031

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG ~ !FLO !VOLT IHG

2 2 40 0 2 3 40 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC! R2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0 . 0 4 -1 22.0 21.7 0. 0 4 .1 21.9 21. 7 5. 0 5 . 0 26.8 21.8 4. 0 6. 3 26.9 21.8 6.0 s. 6 26.9 21. 8 5. 0 7. 5 26 . 9 21.8 7. 0 6. 2 26 . 9 21.8 6. 0 8. 7 27.0 21.8 8. 0 6.8 26 . 9 21.8 7 . 0 10.0 27 .0 21 .8 9. 0 7.3 26.9 21.8 8-0 ll. 5 27.0 21.9

10.0 7.8 26.9 21.8 9. 0 13.9 27.0 21.9 11.0 8. 5 27.0 21.9 0. 0 16.7 27.1 21.9 12.0 9.1 27.0 21.9 1.0 20-7 27.1 21.9 13.0 9. 9 27.0 21.9 2. 0 28.5 27.2 21.9 14.0 10.6 27.0 21.9 15-0 ll. 5 27.0 21.9 16.0 12 . 4 27-0 21.9 17.0 13.7 27.0 21.9 18.0 14.9 27.0 21.9 19.0 16.8 27 . 1 21.9 20.0 19 .I 27.1 21.9

CLCD: 5032

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG

1 1 so 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 4.0 21.8 21.7 s. 0 4-0 25.0 21.7 6. 0 4.1 25. 7 21.7 7. 0 4.2 26-4 21.7 8. 0 4-4 26-6 21.7 9. 0 4.6 26.6 21.7

10-0 4. 8 26. 7 21.7 11 . 0 4.9 26 . 7 21.7 12.0 s .1 26 . 7 2L 7 13.0 5. 2 26. 7 21.7 14 . 0 5.3 26. 7 21.7 15.0 5.5 26. 7 21. 7 16 . 0 s. 7 26-7 21.7

- 209 -


Table 73 Cont'd: Results; spherical particles, 3.18 em bore column

CLCD: 5033 CLCD : 5034

~1E !FLO !VOLT IHG ME !FLO !VOLT I HG

1 3 50 0 2 2 so 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC! RR2 BED 2 PCF PC !

0-0 4 . 0 21.8 21.7 0. 0 4. 0 21.9 21.6 5. 0 4.3 26.6 21.7 s. 0 5. 4 27.0 21.8 6. 0 4. 5 26.6 21. 7 6. 0 6. 0 27.0 21.8 7. 0 4. 7 26.6 21. 7 7. 0 6. 6 27.0 21.9 8. 0 4. 8 26.7 21. 7 8.0 7.1 27 . 0 21.9 9. 0 5.1 26. 7 21.7 9.0 7. 6 27.0 21.9

10.0 5. 3 26. 7 21.7 10 . 0 8.1 27 . 0 21. 9 11.0 5. 5 26. 7 21.7 11.0 8. 7 27 . 0 21.9 12.0 5. 8 26. 7 21.8 12.0 9. 3 27.0 21.9 13.0 6. 0 26.8 21.8 13.0 9. 8 27.0 21.9 14.0 6. 2 26 . 8 21.7 14.0 10.6 27.1 21.9 15.0 6. 4 26.8 21.7 15.0 11.4 27.1 21.9 16.0 6. 7 26.8 21.7 16.0 1 2 .3 27.1 21.9

17.0 13.4 27.1 21.9 18.0 14.2 27. I 21.9 19.0 15.8 27.1 21.9

CLCD: 5035 20 . 0 17.6 27.2 Zl.9

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG

2 3 50 0

RR2 BED2 PCF PC!

0. 0 4. 0 21.9 21. 4. 0 6.5 26.9 21.8 5. 0 7 . 7 27.0 21.~ 6.0 8. 8 27.0 21.9 7. 0 10.1 27.0 21.9 8. 0 11.4 27 .0 21.9 9. 0 13. 3 27. 1 21.9

1 10.0 15.7 27.1 21.9

11 . 0 19.4 27. 2 21.9 12.0 25 . 5 27.2 21.9 13.0 32. 5 27.2 21.9

210 -

AGITATED EXPANDED BED EXPER I MENTS

Table 73 - Cont'd: Results: spherical particles , 3.18 em bore column

CLCD: 5036 CLCD: 5037

ME !FLO rva.T IHG ME !FLO !VOLT

1 1 70 0 1 3 70


0. 0 4. 0 21.8 21.6 0 . 0 4.0 21. 8 6 . 0 4. I 25.2 21. 7 6. 0 4. 4 26.6 7. 0 4.2 26.0 21. 7 7. 0 4.6 26.6 8. 0 4. 3 26.4 21. 7 8. 0 4. 8 26.6 9. 0 4. 4 26.5 21. 7 9. 0 5. 0 26.6

10.0 4. 6 26. 6 21.7 10.0 5. 2 26.6 11.0 4. 8 26.6 21.7 11.0 5. 4 26.6 12.0 4. 9 26.6 21. 7 12.0 5. 6 26 . 6 13.0 5.0 26.6 21.7 13 .0 5. 8 26.6 14.0 5. 2 26.6 21.7 14.0 6.1 26.6 15.0 5. 3 26.6 21.7 15.0 6. 3 26.6 16.0 5. 5 26 . 6 21. 7 16.0 6. 5 26.6

CLCD: 5038

~IE !FLO !VOLT lHG

2 2 70 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PCl

u u -n1 1~:~ 6.0 5.8 27.0 21.9 7. 0 6.5 2 7. 0 21.9 8 . 0 7.1 27. 0 21.9 9 . 0 7. 6 27.0 21.9

10.0 8.1 17.0 21.9 11.0 8. 7 27 . 0 21.9 12.0 9.1 27.0 21.9 13.0 9. 6 27 . 0 21.9 14.0 10.1 27 . 0 21.9 15.0 10.8 27. 0 21.9 16.0 11.5 27.0 21.9 17.0 12. 2 27. 0 21.9 18.0 13.1 27.0 21.9 19.0 14 . 3 27.1 21.9

I 20. o I 15.6 I 27.1 I 21.9

IHG

0

PC!

21. 7 21. 7 21. 7 21. 7 21. 7 21.7 21.7 21. 7 21. 7 21.7 21. 7 21.7

- 211 -


Table73 Cont ' d: Resu l ts: spherical particles, 3.18 em bore column

CLCD: 5039 CLCD: 5040

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG ~E !FLO !VOLT IHG

2 3 70 0 ; 1 1 90 0


0. 0 4 .I 21.8 21.7 0. 0 4 . 0 21.9 21.6 5. 0 7 . 5 26.9 21.8 6. 0 4 .I 25.2 21.6 6. 0 8. 7 26 .9 21.8 7. 0 4. 2 2 5 . 7 21.6 7 . 0 9 .7 26 . 9 21. 8 8. 0 4.3 26.0 21.6 8 . 0 10.9 2 7. 0 21.9 9. 0 4 . 4 26 . 2 21.6 9. 0 12 . 4 27 .0 21.9 10.0 4. 6 26.6 21.7

10.0 14. 4 27.1 21.9 11.0 4. 7 26.6 21.7 11.0 17. 3 27 .I 21.9 12.0 4. 8 26 . 6 21.7 12.0 21.6 27. 2 21.9 13 . 0 5. 0 26.6 21.7 13. 0 25. 5 27. 2 21.9 14.0 5.1 26 . 6 21. 7

I 15.0 5. 3 26 . 5 21. 7 16.0 5. 5 26.5 21.6

CLCD: 5041

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG

1 3 90 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0.0 4.1 21.9 21.6 6.0 4. 4 26 . 1 21 . 7 7. 0 4. 5 26.4 21. 7 8. 0 4. 7 26.6 21. 7 9. 0 4 . 9 26.6 21.7

10.0 5 . 1 26. 6 21. 7 11.0 5. 5 26.6 21. 7 12 . 0 5. 6 26.6 21.7 13.0 5.8 26 . 5 21.7 14 . 0 6. 0 26 . 5 21.7 15.0 6.2 26.5 21.7 16.0 6 . 4 26.5 21.7

- 212 -


Table 73 Cont ' d: Results; spher ical particles, 3.18 em bor e column

CLCD: S042 CLCD: S043

HE !FLO !VOLT IHG ME !FLO !VOLT

2 2 90 0 2 3 90


0. 0 4. 1 21. 8 21.8 0. 0 4 .l 21. 9 6. 0 s. 8 26.9 21.8 6 . 0 8. 3 26 . 8 7. 0 6.S 26.9 21. 8 7 .0 9 . 4 26.8 8 . 0 6 . 9 26.9 21. 8 8. 0 10. s 26 . 9 9. 0 7. 4 26.9 21. 8 9. 0 11. 7 26.9

10.0 7.8 26.9 21.8 10 . 0 13.6 27.0 11.0 8. 3 26. 9 21.8 11.0 16.4 27.0 12.0 8.8 26.9 21.8 12.0 20. s 27.1 13.0 9. 3 26.9 21. 8 13.0 2S.S 27.1 14.0 10.0 26.9 21.8 1 s. 0 !0. 6 26.9 21.8 16. 0 11.1 26.9 21. 8 17. 0 11.6 26.9 21.8 18.0 12. s 2b. 9 21.9

CLCD: S044

19.0 13.4 27.0 21.9 20.0 14. 3 27.0 21.9

ME !FLO !VOLT

I 1 110

RR2 BED 2 PCF

o.o 4 . 1 21. 8 6. 0 4 . 2 2S. 0 7 . 0 4 .3 2S. 1 8 . 0 4.4 2S. 4 9. 0 4 . s 2S . 8

10.0 4 . 6 26.2 11.0 4 . 7 26 . 4 12.0 4. 8 26.6 13 . 0 s . 0 26.6 14 . 0 s . l 26.6 IS. 0 s. 2 26.6 16.0 s. 4 26.6

I HG

0

PC !

21. 8 21. 8 21. 8 21. 8 21.9 21. 9 21. 9 21. 9 21.9

IHG

0

PC !

21. 7 21. 6 21. 6 21. 6 21. 6 21. 6 21. 7 21. 7 21. 7 21. 7 21. 7 21. 7

- 213 -


Table 73 Cant' d: Result s , Spheri ca l part ic le s , 3.18 em bore col umn

CLCD: 5045 CLCD: 504 7

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG ME !FLO !VOLT IHG

l 3 110 0 2 3 110 0


0. 0 6 . 0 4. 4 25. 5 21.6 7. 0 4. 5 26 . 0 21.6

0. 0 4.0 21. 7 21. 7 6 . 0 8. 6 26.6 21.8 7. 0 9. 2 26 . 5 21. 8

8. 0 4. 7 26 . 4 21. 7 8. 0 10. 3 26.6 21.8 9. 0 4. 9 26.6 21. 7 9. 0 11 . 5 26.6 21. 8

10 . 0 5 .l 26.6 21. 7 11 .0 5. 2 26.6 21. 7 1 2 .0 5. 5 26 . 6 21. 7 13.0 5. 8 26 . 6 21.7

10.0 13. 2 26. 7 21.8 11.0 15 .1 26. 7 21.8 1 2. 0 18 .0 26 .8 21.8 13.0 21. 5 26.9 21. 8

14.0 6. 0 26 . 6 21. 7 15.0 6. 2 26 .6 21. 7 16.0 6 . 4 26.6 21. 7

CLCD: 5048

CLCD: 5046 ME !FLO !VOLT IHG

f1E !FLO !VOLT IHG 1 1 130 0

2 2 llO 0 RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC! 0 . 0 4.1 21.8 21.6 6 .0 4. 2 24.4 21.6

0. 0 4 . 0 21. 7 21 . 7 7. 0 4.3 24 .7 21. 7 5. 0 4 . 9 21. 8 21. 8 8. 0 4. 4 25 . 0 21. 7 6.0 5. 6 21. 8 21. 8 9 . 0 4. 5 25. 4 21.7 7. 0 6 . 2 21. 8 21.8 8. 0 6.7 21. 8 21. 8 9. 0 7.1 21. 8 21.8

10 . 0 4. 6 25. 8 21.7 11.0 4. 7 26. 2 21.7 12. 0 4. 8 26.4 21. 7

10 . 0 7. 7 21. 7 21.8 11.0 8. 2 21. 7 21. 8

13.0 4. 8 26 .4 21.7 14.0 5 . 0 26 . 5 21.7

1 2 . 0 8. 8 21. 7 21. 8 15 . 0 5 . 2 26.5 21.7 13 . 0 9 . 2 21.6 21. 8 16.0 5. 6 26. 5 21.7 14 . 0 9 . 7 21.6 21.8 15.0 10. 2 21.6 21.8 16.0 10.8 21.6 21.8 17.0 11.4 21.6 21.8 18.0 1 2 .1 21. 7 21.8 19.0 13.0 21. 7 21. 8 20 .0 14.1 21. 7 21.8

- 214 -


Table 7 3 Con t 'd: Results, spherical particles, 3. 18 em bore column

CLCD: 5049 CLCD: 5050

~IE !FLO !VOLT IHG ~E !FLO !VOLT IHG

1 3 130 0 2 2 130 0

R2 BED 2 PCF PC! RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0.0 4.1 21.8 21.6 0. 0 4 o1 21.8 21.5 6.0 4. 3 25.2 21.7 5. 0 4. 9 26.5 21.7 7. 0 4.5 25.5 21.7 6. 0 5. 6 26 . 7 21.7 8. 0 4. 6 26 .I 21.7 7. 0 6.1 26.6 21.7 9.0 4. 8 26.4 21.7 8. 0 6. 4 26.6 21. 7

10.0 5. 0 26.4 21.7 9.0 6. 9 26.5 21.7 11.0 5. 3 26. 5 21. 7 10 . 0 7. 3 26.5 21.8 12.0 5. 7 26. 5 21.7 11.0 7.7 26.5 21.8 13 . 0 5. 9 26-5 21.7 12.0 8. 2 26.5 21.8 14.0 6.0 26.4 21. 7 13.0 8. 8 26.4 21.8 15.0 6.1 26.4 21.7 14 .0 9. 2 26.4 21.8 16.0 6. 2 26-3 21.7 15.0 9.8 26-4 21.8

16.0 10.4 26-4 21.8 17 . 0 11.0 26.4 21.8 18.0 11.5 26-5 21.8

CLCD: 5051 19 . 0 12.2 26. 5 21.8 20.0 12.8 26.5 21.8

~IE !FLO !VOLT IHG

2 3 130 0

RR2 BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 4.1 21.6 21.5 6. 0 8. 0 26 . 4 21.8 7. 0 8. 8 26 . 4 21.8 8.0 9.8 26-4 21.8 9.0 10.9 26.5 21.8

10.0 12.4 26.5 21.8 11.0 13.8 26.6 21.8 12.0 15.5 26.6 21.8 13.0 17.7 26.7 21.8 14 . 0 20.2 26 . 8 21.8 15-0 24.8 26.8 21.9

• 2I5 -


Table 74: Prepared Wood Pa rt icles , 3 . 18 em bore column at 2S°C.

CLCD: 600I CLCD: 6002

~IE ! FLO !VOLT IHG ~IE !FLO !VOLT IHG

1 3 50 0 I 3 50 0

RR22 BED 2 PCF PC! RR22 BED 2 PCF PCI

0.0 3. 8 21. 7 21. 0. 0 3. 5 21. 7 21.7 5. 0 9.3 2 l . 0 21. ! 5. 0 8. 9 21. 7 21.8

10.0 18.0 22.0 21.! 10. 0 I 7. 8 21.9 21.8 15 .0 37.0 22. I 21.! 15.0 38.5 22.0 21.8

CLCD: 6003

IE !FLO !VOLT IHG

1 3 50 0

RR22 BED 2 PCF PC!

0.0 3 . 0 21. 8 21. 5 . 0 3. 8 22. 1 21.

IO. 0 6. 0 22 . 3 21. I 5. 0 7.7 22.6 21.

AGITATED EJCPANDED BED EXPERU!ENTS

Table 7S: Mill Effluent Pa rticles, 3.18 em bore column

CLCD : 7000 CLCD: 7004

jME !FLO !VOLT I HG ~ !FLO !VOLT IHG

I 3 so 0 1 3 so 0


o. 0 3. 2 22.1 21.9 0 . 0 s. s 21.8 21.8 s. 0 4. 4 21. 9 18.6 s. 0 7. 8 22.0 21.9

10.0 s. s 22.6 18.6 10.0 1 2. s 22 .4 22.0 IS. 0 6.0 22.9 18.6 IS. 0 22. s 22. s 22. 0

CLCD : 7001 CLCD: 700S

!E !FLO !VOLT IHG ME !FLO !VOLT IHG

l 3 so 0 1 3 so 0

IRR22 BED 2 PCF PC! RR22 BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 4 . 8 22.2 19.9 0. 0 7.1 21.0 21.8 s. 0 7.0 22. 2 19.9 s. 0 9 .8 22.0 21.9

10.0 19.S 23.0 19.! 10.0 17 . 8 23. 4 22.0 1 s. 0 26. s 24 .0 20. ( 15.0 32.3 27. 1 22 .0

CLCD : 7002 CLCD: 7006

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG ME !FLO !VOLT IHG

1 3 so 0 1 3 so 0


0. 0 4.0 21. 7 21.7 0.0 6. 8 21.7 21.7 s. 0 4.9 22.1 22.0 s. 0 8 . 4 22 .1 21.7

10.0 6. 0 22 . 2 22.0 10.0 2S . s 22. 4 21.8 IS. 0 11.1 22.S 22 .0 IS . 0 43.S 24.4 21.8

CLCD: 70 03 CLCD: 70 07

ME 1 !FLO 3 !VOLT SO IHG ME 1 !FLO 3 !VOLT SO IHG 0


0 . 0 4 . S 21.7 21.6 0.0 7. 4 21.8 21.7 s. 0 s. 3 22.2 21.9 s .0 10.0 21.9 21.7

10.0 s. 8 22 .1 21.0 10 .0 17.1 22 . 0 21.8 1S . 0 6 . S 22.2 21.0 15.0 25.1 22 .1 Zl. 8

. 217 -


Table 75 Con t'd : Mill effl uent Particles, 3.18 em bore column at 25° C

CLCD: 70 08 CLCD: 7009

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG ~E !FLO !VOLT IHG

I 3 so 0 I 3 so 0


0. 0 6. 0 21.0 21. 6 0. 0 4. 8 21.6 21.6 s. 0 6. 4 21.6 21. 7 s . 0 6. 3 21.8 21.6

10.0 11.0 22.0 21.8 10.0 17.3 23. s 21.7 Is. 0 !6 .S 22.3 21.8 IS. 0 40.9 28.8 21.7

CLCD: 70 10 CLCD: 7011

ME !FLO !VOLT I HG jME !FLO !VOLT IHG

1 3 so 0 1 3 so 0

R22 BED 2 PCF PC! RR22 BED 2 PCF PCI

0. 0 6. 9 21.6 21. 6 0. 0 s. 2 21.6 21.6 s. 0 10.4 Zl. 8 21. 7 s . 0 6. 4 21.8 21. 7 0.0 16. 2 22. 2 21. 7 10.0 7. 2 22 .6 21.7 s. 0 29.0 26. 2 21. 7 IS. 0 8. 0 23 . 8 21. 7

CLCD: 7012 CLCD: 7013

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG ME IFLO !VOLT IHG

1 3 so 0 I 3 so 0

R22 BED 2 PCF PC! RR22 BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 4. 4 21.7 21.6 0. 0 4.7 21.6 21.6 5. 0 s. 0 21.9 21.7 s. 0 s. 6 21.8 21. 7 0. 0 13.5 22.6 21.7 10.0 8. 3 21.9 21. 8 5. 0 3S. s 24.1 21. 7 IS. 0 1S.S 22.0 21.8

CLCD: 70 14

ME !FLO !VOLT IHG

I 3 so 0

pm22 BED 2 PCF PC!

0. 0 3. 5 21.6 21.6 5. 0 4.3 Zl. 8 21.7

~ 0 .o 6.2 21.8 21.7 15 .0 8. 0 22 .I 21.7

- 2!8 -

Voidage Determinations by Carrier Distillation

Introduction

Draining interstitial "''ater from a packed colume results in incomplete removal due to surface tension effects. The remaining "''ater can be collected by carrier distillation.

Apparatus: The usual set -up as described for the drainage method. In addition - a Dean and Stark apparatus (Fig. 12) with an adapter at each end of the column; a SO ml and a ZS ml burette; a couple of 100.0 ml volumetric flasks and about two litres of anhydrous. normal hexane.

Method: The unpacked column (diameter COOl, length COLEN) was filled with water, then drained into a volumetric flask of volume FLAl. Then the voluUie in the flask was made up to the mark by titrating with water from a burette. The volume was TITl. The column was then packed, filled with water

The formula;

and the air bubbles were removed in the usual way. After measuring the bed height before and after compacting (PALl and PAL2) the water was drained into a volumetric flask of volume FLA2. Then the volume was made up by titration as above (TIT2). The top of the column was adapted to the neck of the 2 1 flack of the D and S apparatus. By pushing with a wire and rinsing with hexane the packing was made to fall into the 1. S 1 of hexane contained in the flask. The adapter on the opposite end of the column was replaced by another which fit ted it to the D and S tube. When the assembly was completed, distillation was started and continued un ti 1 there was no further increase of water in the receiver. The volume collected was CY.

El (or E2) • FLA2 - FLAl + TITl - TIT2 + CY

PALl (or PAL2)• (CODI/2) • n

was used to calculate the voidages in the non-compac-ted state (El , applied to bed expansion experiments) and in the compacted state (EZ, applied to pressure drop experiments).

219

APPENDIX

Table AI: Voida~e determinations with carrier distillation ; spherical particles.

IPAK !PAR PALl PAL2 TIT! TIT2 CY (em) (em) (ml) (ml) (ml)

12 17.5 17.5 17.1 4 7. 8 2. 3

13 17. 7 17.7 17.8 45.5 1.8

17 .I 17.0 17. 3 55 . 2 9 . I

17.5 17. 5 17.5 55 . 0 8. 2

17.4 17 . 3 17.4 57 .I 11. 7

17. 5 17.5 17.6 55.9 8. 7

17.3 17.1 17.2 58.4 13.7

17.3 17.2 17 . 2 56.8 10.7

17 . 4 17.1 17.3 59.0 12.5

17.0 16.9 17.2 57.4 10.7

17 . 1 17.0 17.3 57 . 8 11.9

17. 7 17.6 17.1 57.2 8. 9

16 . 1 16.0 17 . 8 so. 5 10.6

17 . 1 16.5 16.8 49.9 9. 4

17. 7 17.6 16.9 52 . 0 10.8

11 12. 5 12. 3 17.0 40 . 8 7. 7

NB: In all cases CODI . 1.91 em; COLEN • 18.0 em; FLAl • 100.0 ml ; FLA2 • 100.0 ml. The values for PALl and PAL2 were for uncompacted and com-pacted beds, respectively.

220

APPENDIX

Table A2: Voidage determinations with carrier distillation; prepared wood particles.

IPAK PAR PALl PAL2 TIT! TIT2 CY

(em -4) (em) (em) (ml) (ml) (m1)

500.0 16.9 16.0 16.9 38.2 15.0 354.0 16.8 15.8 16.9 39.4 15.9 250.0 16. 7 15.2 17.0 38 .I 15.5 177.0 17. I 16.0 17.1 42.7 20 . 4 125.0 15.9 13.4 17.1 36.2 14.5

88. 0 16. 7 13.6 17.1 42.6 22 . I 63.0 17.0 12.6 17.0 38.5 19.0 44.0 16.3 13.4 17.1 48 .I 27.9

500.0 16.5 14.9 17 .I 39.6 18 . 0 354 . 0 17.0 14.5 17 .I 38.0 17.9 250.0 17.4 13.9 17.1 36.3 17.2 177. 0 17.2 13.1 17 .I 36.8 17.9 !25. 0 16.4 13.0 17.2 36.6 17.7

88.0 17.8 13.0 17.3 4 7. 4 28. 5 63.0 16. 5 12.8 17.1 40.1 21.3 44· 0 16.2 12 . 9 17 .I 4 7. 3 28. 2

500.0 16. 5 14.5 17.0 35.9 14.7 354.0 17.2 13.9 17 . 2 36.8 16. 5 250· 0 17. 2 13.8 17.0 36.4 16.2 177.0 17.0 12.0 17.3 34.8 15.6 125· 0 17.4 12.4 17.0 39.4 19.7

88· 0 17.6 13 . 7 17.2 47.2 28 . 4 63.0 17.4 12 . 4 17 .I 41.1 22 . 1 44.0 15.4 11 . 0 17.2 42. 3 23 . 4

NB: In all cases COD! . 1.91 em; COLEN • 18.0 em; FLA1 • 100.0 ml; FLA2 - 100.0 ml. The values for PALl and PA12 were for uncompacted and com-pacted beds, respectively.

- 221 -

Table A3: Voidage determinations with carrier distillation; mill effluent samples.

CLCD

4 714

4 712

4 713

PALl (em)

17.5

16.4

15.7

PAL2 (em)

5. 7

3. 8

4.1

T!Tl (ml)

17 .1

17 . 0

17. 2

TITZ (ml)

22.5

23.9

22.2

NB: In all cases COD! • 1.91 em; COLEN - 18.0; FLA! - 100.0 ml; FLA2 - 100.0 ml. The values for PALl and PAL2 were for uncompacted and compacted beds, respectively.

CY (ml)

5. 4

6. 7

5. 0

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