Exercises -Present ProgressiveA. Add ing to the following verbs:1. die ____________ 7. eat ____________2. fight ____________ 8. blow ____________3. tan ____________ 9. break ____________ 4. plan ____________ 10. snow ____________5. sail ____________ 11. show ____________6. prepare ____________ 12. do ____________B. Fill in the following sentences in the present progressive1. They ____________________(wait) for us on the corner now.2. Listen! I think the telephone______________________(ring).3. I see that you_____________________(wear) your new suit today.4. The boys___________(make) a lot of noise. Please tell them to be quiet.5. Mr. Zehavy ______________(not work) in his office today.6. My parents_________________(go to a concert tonight.7. The bus driver______________(not drive) carefully.8. _______the pupils____________(decorate the room at the moment?9. You________________(not take) a shower right now.10. They______________(have) sales in all the big stores now.11. Look! It________________(begin) to rain12. At present my grandparent___________(travel) in London.13. The maid______________(clean) the room now.14. ________you________________(watch) TV right now?15. Sharon______________(not swim) in the pool at the moment.16. My brother_____________(not come) home today.17. Two old ladies_____________(sit) under a tree.18. ________they__________(laugh) at what I said?19. Ronen___________(look) for the book which he lost.20. Mom is sick. She__________(lie) in bed.21. The BusThe bus________(come). The passengers____________ (sit down). One woman ____________ (give) the driver the money. An old man ____________ (read) his newspaper. The young boy ____________ (ring) the bell. Two children ____________ (run) for the bus. The bus ____________ (stop) and the people ____________ (get off) it. .22. Autumn Is HereIt is beginning of autumn. I can see though the window that it ____________ (rain). The wind ____________ (blow) and some leaves ____________ (fall). My brothers____________ (listen) to records and they ____________ (discuss) the weather. It seems that the summer is over and there is nothing to look forward to. A small dog outside____________ (run) and ____________ (bark) in happily. I guess he____________ (look) for shelter. I think that the best thing about autumn and winter is that spring and summer are soon to follow.23. A Busy AfternoonIt is 06:00 o'clock in the afternoon. Everybody is busy. Father ____________ (read) the Evening paper. Mother ____________ (help) David with his homework. Miriam ____________ (do) the dishes. Uri ____________ (wash) the family car. Our little dog ____________ (bark) unhappily. He _____________ (wait) for somebody to take him out. There are a lot of actives outside. People ____________ (come) from work. Mothers ___________ (call) their children to come back home. Another day ____________ (come) to an end.(C) Present Progressive Wh Questions:1. Ron is visiting his grandmother right now.2. The children are playing outside at this moment.3. We are playing tennis today after school.4. Look! The dogs are lying under a tree5. Tami and Tali are studying in the library this week.6. The boys are crying now because their dog is sick.7. Listen! She's singing in the shower.8. They are watching the film: "titanic" right now.9. Mr. and Mrs. Levi are leaving in a few minutes because it's late.10. Miri is walking slowly11. I am eating a cheese sandwich right now.12. Liron is sitting in her room.13. Vered is thinking about her parents tonight.14. I am having lunch with my sister at "Apropo" now.15. Esther is planning to go to Eilat.(D) Ronit is calling her sister Yael. Write questions and complete their conversionA: Hi Ronit___________________________________________________________?B: I'm at the big parade.A: _________________________________________________________________?B: It's on Herzel street.A: _________________________________________________________________?B: Yes, there are a lot of people in the streets.A: _________________________________________________________________?B: No, Im not alone. Oded is with me.A: _________________________________________________________________?B: No, We are standing on the sidewalk.A: _________________________________________________________________?B: Yes, We are having a great time.A: _________________________________________________________________?B: I'm coming home in an hour, please wait for me.A: O.K, but don't be later.Exercises - Past ProgressiveA. Past Simple & Past Progressive1. When Mrs. Golan _______ (open) the door, her children _______(do) homework and her husbend (read)_____________ the newspaper. 2. What _____you _____ (do) yesterday at half past eight in the morning I ________(study) at school.3. __________he__________(arrive) to the meeting last time?4. __________they_________(paint) the walls when your mother __________ (come) in?5. While Dan_________(fix) the chairs, his sister, Ronna,_______(work) in the garden.6. They _________(watch) television when the lights ________(go) out.7. While mother __________ (hang) the clothes, her two daughters __________(wash) the dishes.8. Tom _________(water) the garden when it __________(start) to rain.9. She _________(talk) on the phone, when I ____________(arrive).10. I____________(read) a book when you ___________(call) me.11. The children ____________(play) tennis, when their grandmother __________(come) to visit.12. When Mrs. Smith ______(enter) the room, her children _____(listen) to the radio very loudly.13. Ann _________(sweep) the floor while John_________(make) the beds.14. The parents_________(sleep) while the baby _________(play) quietly in her bed.15. When the teacher _________(walk) into the room, the pupils _________ (make) a lot of noise.16. I (meet) ________a group of my friends as I (leave )_________my house yesterday. They (run) _________ along the street. Some of them (talk) ________ in loud voices. Others (shout) _________ and (laugh) __________. My friend, Danny, (wear) __________a funny red hat. His sister Judy (hold) _________ some colored balloons. George (carry) _________ some bottles. .I (look) ________at them for a moment and then I (understand)_________ what (happen) __________. They (get) ________ready for our class party and they (be) _________on their way to my house because they (need) my help.B. Make YesNo Questions in the Past Simple and Past Progressive 1. Yes, my grandmother was lying I bed all morning. She`s sick !2. Yes, the party last night was a success.3. No, we weren't watching a movie yesterday from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m.4. No, my friends didn`t fly to Africa last year.5. Yes, the children were sleeping all night.6. No, Dana didn't tell me what happened yesterday. 7. Yes, the car was making strange noises all the way home. 8. Yes, the baby ate her supper a few minutes ago.9. No, Amir didn't borrow his father`s car when he was younger.10. Yes, Liran was playing football as his parents were reading a book.C. Make WH Questions in the Past Simple and Past Progressive:1. The vegetables were fresh.2. I was sleeping in a tent yesterday night between 9:00 and 11:00 p.m .3. She was tired yesterday because she worked hard. 4. Sima was knitting a new sweater when the telephone rang.5. The building was beautiful last year .6. We were doing homework when the telephone rang.7. The money was in my pocket an hour ago. 8. John recognized his friend last June.9. Tom was driving to Eilat yesterday between 5:00 and 10:00 a.m. 10. The accident happened 10 minutes ago.11. I quickly wrote down the pome.12. My mother preferred the red dress. 13. The opera singer sang loudly.14. We spent 50 shekels last Friday.15. I wrote poems last week.D. Ask the correct question:Sarah is talking to Hanna on the phone.Sara: ______________________________________________________?Hanna: Yes, I was busy when you called yesterday.Sara: ______________________________________________________?Hanna: No, I wasn't reading a book.Sara: ______________________________________________________?Hanna: No, I wasn't listening to music.Sara: ______________________________________________________?Hanna: No, I wasn't watching television. I was study for a test .Sara: ______________________________________________________?Hanna: No, I am not angry that you called.- Exercises - Past SimpleA. Fill in the correct form of "was" or "were"A class trip to JerusalemYesterday our class 1. ________ on a trip. It 2. ________ a trip to Jerusalem. At seven oclock we 3. ________ still at home. Our things 4. ________ ready. At half past seven we 5. ________ at school. All the pupils 6. ________ there. Our teachers 7. ________ there and the buses 8. ________ there, too. At eight oclock we 9. ________ on the buses on the way to Jerusalem. We 10.________ in Jerusalem all day. The weather 11. ________ very pleasant. It 12. ________ a long day but it 13. ________ very interesting. At six oclock in the evening we 14. ________ back at our school. It 15. ________ a nice class trip. B. Write Yes/No questions to the following answers 1. Yes, we were in the park on Saturday.2. No, I wasnt angry about what she said.3. No, he wasnt late this morning. 4. No, the weather was nice yesterday.5. Yes, I was in the kitchen a minute ago.6. No, Karen wasnt sick yesterday.7. Yes, I was at home last night.8. Yes, Or was in my class last year.9. No, Gal was in Israel last year.10. Yes, Ben was in Haifa a week ago.C. Write WH questions about the underlined words 1. ___________________________________________________The circuit was here last month.2. ___________________________________________________I was at the zoo on Sunday.3. ___________________________________________________Many pupils were late for school this morning because of the traffic.4. ___________________________________________________We were in Eilat last summer.5. ___________________________________________________Some apples were in the basket.6. ___________________________________________________Tomer was at the library yesterday afternoon.7. ___________________________________________________Mr. and Mrs. Segev were at home two hours ago.8. ___________________________________________________The dog was in the garden.9. ___________________________________________________Eyal was at home because he was sick.10. __________________________________________________The weather was very pleasant yesterday.D. Add d, +ed or +ied to the following verbs1. call ___________2. clean ___________ 3. play ___________4. close ___________ 5. cry ___________6. drop ___________7. wait ___________8. practice ___________9. notice ___________10. jog ___________E. Fill in the passages with the verbs in brackets. Use the past simpleA minute before we 1. ________ (leave) Casablanca, a women 2. ________ (get) on the plane. She 5. ________ (not have) much luggage for an international flight. From the moment I 6.________ (see) her I 7. ________ (think) she was an interesting person. The only empty seat 8. ________ (be) next to me. She 9. ________ (ask) me if she 10. ________ (can) sit there. She 11. ________ (speak) English but she 12. ________ (have) a foreign accent. Later I 13. ________ (hear) her speak French and Italian. I 14. ________ (want) to talk to her but she 15. ________ (not say) much the whole flight. I 16. ________ (become) more and more curious as the trip 17. ________ (continue). I 18. ________ (watch) her carefully and 19. ________ (notice) that she 20. ________ (have) two passports. From time to time she 21. ________ (read) her book, but most of the time she 22. ________ (seem) to be thinking about something else. When we finally 23. ________ (arrive) in New York she 24. ________ (go) to the customs officer. He 25. ________ (look) quickly inside her luggage. Then he 26. ________ (tell) her to go on. Later I 27. ________ (meet) her at the airport. She suddenly 28. ________ (wave) to someone and 29. ________ (smile) I 30. ________ (turn) around for a minute and she 31. ________ (disappear).F. Write WH questions about the underlined words1. The wind made the noise.___________________________________________________________2. The opera singer sang loudly.___________________________________________________________3. Yoni wrote about his grandparents. ___________________________________________________________4. They thought about the problem all day.___________________________________________________________5. Vered knew all the answers. ___________________________________________________________6. We left because it was boring.___________________________________________________________7. They sold their books at the end of the year.___________________________________________________________8. The company built a new factory in Tel-Aviv.___________________________________________________________9. David had a party last week.___________________________________________________________10. My father paid for the computer.___________________________________________________________11. They heard a strange noise in the middle of the night.___________________________________________________________12. Dan found the little puppy in the park.___________________________________________________________13. Lital bought two English books.___________________________________________________________14. Mr. Dror drove carefully.___________________________________________________________15. We spent a lot of money yesterday.G. A car hit Gils bicycle. Write the policemans questions.Policeman : (1) ____________________________________________Gil : The accident happened 10 minutes ago.Policeman : (2) ____________________________________________Gil : A car hit my bicycle.Policeman : (3) ____________________________________________Gil : Yes, the driver tried to stop, but he didnt succeed.Policeman : (4) ____________________________________________Gil : Yes, I wrote down his name.Policeman : (5) ____________________________________________Gil : No, he didnt hurt me.Policeman : You were very lucky. Try to be more careful next time !- Exercises - Present Simple(A) Add s / es / ies to the following verbs:1. do ____________ 8. worry____________2. study ____________ 9. play ____________3. teach ____________ 10. grow ____________4. say ____________ 11. watch____________5. cry ____________ 12. miss ____________6. dance ____________ 13. hurry ____________7. fix ____________ 1 14. stop ____________(B) Circle the correct answer :1. I plays / play tennis every afternoon. 2. My parents live / lives in Ramat-Gan.3. Tom listens / listen to the radio in the morning.4. We eat / eats eggs for breakfast every morning.5. My dog barks / bark at night.6. Mrs. Gold sweep / sweeps the stairs once a week.7. My brother never watches / watch television.8. My family go / goes to the beach together in the summer.9. I often eat / eats dinner at my grandmothers house.10. Sharon do / does her homework regularly.11. They takes / take a bath daily.12. You seldom listen / listens in class.13. Dana and Liat goes / go to the swimming pool every afternoon.14. I never hurt / hurts my cat.15. He never finish / finishes his work on time.(C) Fill in the correct form of the verb in Present Simple:1. Fish (not fly) ____________. They (swim) ____________2. The sun (not rise) ___________ in the west. It (set) ____________ down in the west.3. A spider (not have) ____________ wings. A bird (have) ____________ wings.4. Cats (not bark) ____________. Dogs (do) ____________.5. Natalie usually (not sit) ____________ in the sun. She rarely (go) ____________ to the beach.6. Babies (not talk) ____________. They (cry) ____________.7. Dalia often (dry) ___________ the dishes but she (not put) ___________ them away.8. Betty usually (not do) __________ homework before she (eat) ___________supper.9. Sarit (brush) ____________ her hair every morning before she (go) ____________ to school.10. Nir always (try) __________ to be a good boy, but he (not behave) __________ well.11. Mike usually (not catch) ____________ a cold in the winter. He frequently (catch) ____________ in the summer.(D) Rewrite the following sentences, putting the frequency expressions in the right place 1. They are happy to have guests. (always) 2. We laugh at people in trouble. (never)3. Im busy on Wednesdays. (usually)4. Birds build their nests on this roof. (every winter)5. They sing very loudly. (generally)6. Dalit is late for school. (rarely)7. My parents help me with my homework. (hardly ever)8. My parents visit us. (from time to time)9. We are at home on Saturdays. (often)10. The secretary works here. (five days a week)11. We have fish for lunch. (sometimes)12. Sharon has lunch before two oclock. (seldom)(E) Make YES/NO Questions in the Present Simple:1. Yes, Tamar hates mice.2. Yes, our neighbor fixes bikes. 3. Yes, your mother bakes cakes every Friday.4. No, Bennys father doesnt work in a bakery every week.5. Yes, I always clean on Thursdays.6. No, Neta doesnt run fast.7. Yes, Idan tries to win the swimming contest every year.8. No, these rooms dont have two windows.9. Yes, the baby usually cries a lot.10. Yes, Gilad always drives too fast.(F) Write YES/NO Questions OR Wh-Questions to the following answers:1. I study English four days a week.2. We usually finish school at 13:25.3. My Father washes the car once a week.4. Rinat comes late to work because she takes her son to kindergarten.5. The last bus leaves at 10:00 oclock every night.6. Rinat feels very good.7. Yes, I like geography.8. No, we dont go to the park every afternoon.9. My sister studies French because she wants to go to France.10. Yes, Ronit belongs to a youth club.(G) Danny is asking Galit questions. Fill in the questions below:Danny: _____________________________________________________________.Galit : My name is Galit.Danny : _____________________________________________________________.Galit : I live in Haifa.Danny : ____________________________________________________________.Galit : Yes, I go to school in Haifa.Danny : _____________________________________________________________.Galit : My father drives me to school.Danny : _____________________________________________________________.Galit : School begins at 08:15 in the morning.Danny : _____________________________________________________________.Galit : No, my father doesnt take me back home.Danny : ____________________________________________________________.Galit : Nobody makes my lunch when I return home.Danny : Well we very alike. It is nice to meet you.- Exercises - Present Simple(A) Add s / es / ies to the following verbs:1. do ____________ 8. worry____________2. study ____________ 9. play ____________3. teach ____________ 10. grow ____________4. say ____________ 11. watch____________5. cry ____________ 12. miss ____________6. dance ____________ 13. hurry ____________7. fix ____________ 1 14. stop ____________(B) Circle the correct answer :1. I plays / play tennis every afternoon. 2. My parents live / lives in Ramat-Gan.3. Tom listens / listen to the radio in the morning.4. We eat / eats eggs for breakfast every morning.5. My dog barks / bark at night.6. Mrs. Gold sweep / sweeps the stairs once a week.7. My brother never watches / watch television.8. My family go / goes to the beach together in the summer.9. I often eat / eats dinner at my grandmothers house.10. Sharon do / does her homework regularly.11. They takes / take a bath daily.12. You seldom listen / listens in class.13. Dana and Liat goes / go to the swimming pool every afternoon.14. I never hurt / hurts my cat.15. He never finish / finishes his work on time.(C) Fill in the correct form of the verb in Present Simple:1. Fish (not fly) ____________. They (swim) ____________2. The sun (not rise) ___________ in the west. It (set) ____________ down in the west.3. A spider (not have) ____________ wings. A bird (have) ____________ wings.4. Cats (not bark) ____________. Dogs (do) ____________.5. Natalie usually (not sit) ____________ in the sun. She rarely (go) ____________ to the beach.6. Babies (not talk) ____________. They (cry) ____________.7. Dalia often (dry) ___________ the dishes but she (not put) ___________ them away.8. Betty usually (not do) __________ homework before she (eat) ___________supper.9. Sarit (brush) ____________ her hair every morning before she (go) ____________ to school.10. Nir always (try) __________ to be a good boy, but he (not behave) __________ well.11. Mike usually (not catch) ____________ a cold in the winter. He frequently (catch) ____________ in the summer.(D) Rewrite the following sentences, putting the frequency expressions in the right place 1. They are happy to have guests. (always) 2. We laugh at people in trouble. (never)3. Im busy on Wednesdays. (usually)4. Birds build their nests on this roof. (every winter)5. They sing very loudly. (generally)6. Dalit is late for school. (rarely)7. My parents help me with my homework. (hardly ever)8. My parents visit us. (from time to time)9. We are at home on Saturdays. (often)10. The secretary works here. (five days a week)11. We have fish for lunch. (sometimes)12. Sharon has lunch before two oclock. (seldom)(E) Make YES/NO Questions in the Present Simple:1. Yes, Tamar hates mice.2. Yes, our neighbor fixes bikes. 3. Yes, your mother bakes cakes every Friday.4. No, Bennys father doesnt work in a bakery every week.5. Yes, I always clean on Thursdays.6. No, Neta doesnt run fast.7. Yes, Idan tries to win the swimming contest every year.8. No, these rooms dont have two windows.9. Yes, the baby usually cries a lot.10. Yes, Gilad always drives too fast.(F) Write YES/NO Questions OR Wh-Questions to the following answers:1. I study English four days a week.2. We usually finish school at 13:25.3. My Father washes the car once a week.4. Rinat comes late to work because she takes her son to kindergarten.5. The last bus leaves at 10:00 oclock every night.6. Rinat feels very good.7. Yes, I like geography.8. No, we dont go to the park every afternoon.9. My sister studies French because she wants to go to France.10. Yes, Ronit belongs to a youth club.(G) Danny is asking Galit questions. Fill in the questions below:Danny: _____________________________________________________________.Galit : My name is Galit.Danny : _____________________________________________________________.Galit : I live in Haifa.Danny : ____________________________________________________________.Galit : Yes, I go to school in Haifa.Danny : _____________________________________________________________.Galit : My father drives me to school.Danny : _____________________________________________________________.Galit : School begins at 08:15 in the morning.Danny : _____________________________________________________________.Galit : No, my father doesnt take me back home.Danny : ____________________________________________________________.Galit : Nobody makes my lunch when I return home.Danny : Well we very alike. It is nice to meet you. VV (THE)(The definite article)1.the[]: VV V :the book, the boy, the lady, the university, the union2.the[i]: :the American, the animal; V h- V :hour, honour, honest; V V Vh- :the horizon .I . VV V :towards the North, in the North,:from north to south, from east to west V. :theEast-Indies, the Netherlands, the Hebrides. , , , , :theThames, the Atlantic, the Alps :themoon- ,theearth- ,thesun- . V V:I bought a postage stamp yesterday. The stamp is very interesting. republic, union, kingdom, states V :The United states of America- V V:theEnglish- ,theold- VV,thewolf- . V :thefirst week- ,thesecond floor- . :thehighest mountain in the world- . V V V:theSmiths- , , , :theDaily News, the Bach Choir, the Beatles:all, both, half, double, quite, twice- "the".all the world, double the sum, all the money.II . VV (poor, old, little, good, saint-) :poor Peter, little John :dmiral Nelson, King Richard, Queen Elizabeth, Uncle Sam, Dr.Miller
:theQueen of England V .
: the :emperor, czar, archduke, elector:the Emperor William, the Czar Peter I :Switzerland, Turkey, London,
:theLondon of today- V .Mount- , cape- , lake- , harbour- , bay- :Mount Everest, Cape Trafalgar, Lake Geneva, New York Harbour, Hudson Bay,
:theCape of Good Hope V ., , VV, :Oxford street, Trafalgar square, Windsor castle, London bridge. V :life, death, love, Earth, Heaven, Hell; He was weary of life.
:thelife of the whole nation V VV . V , V :two boys, his friend, this room, some apples.Church, school, college, prison, bisiness, chapel, hospital, market, sea, table, town, work, bed V :church is over, school begins, he was sent to prison, go to bed.
: VV :Theschool is near the church.- V . :coal, iron , wood, gold: coal is important for export,
:thecoal of Wales( VV) . :cats, mice, dogs, birds: swallows are pretty birds.
: the swallows of this summer- VV ., , :summer, March, Sunday: on Monday, in Winter, in April, at Christmas
:thelast Sunday in August. V . :
My brother studies algebra.- .
Photography is my hobby.- .:"of"- VV V VV.
theCape of good Hope, The England I know is different from . . . VV(, AN)
(The indefinite article)1.a: VV V :aboy, a lady, a European2.an: V :ananimal, an english book,
V h- V :anhour, an heir, an honour
V V Vh- :an historian :I have a pen. I see a dog. V :adof is domestic animal.("" ), V, :my brother is a painter, he is an englishman, she became a Protestant
:the title of(doctor),the rank of(general),the dignity of(senator)- VVV., , , :four shillings a yard, sixpence a pound, twice a year, four times a day V :amillion, a thousand, a dozen, a couple, a little: "" - half, such, quite, many( ),rather, what- :half a dozen- 6 ,such a good story- VV.
"" - as, so, too, how, however- :as good a swimmer as I am- V ;to heavy a weight- VV V ;too difficult a task- VV V(The noun)I . V : V V = V . V V V V, V V hehimhishe met his friend

V V, V V shehershe saw her friend

V V V V ititsthe book is in its place

. V :The lion licked its paw.
: V V .
V (V) = V :the dog, his name
V ( ) = V :the cat, she is dead V"-ess" V VV. : actor - actress, host - hostess, prince - princess, waiter - waitress, lion - lioness, duke - duchess: , V :the 'Atlantic' lost her crew, England and her dominionsII . V VVSingular + s:dog - dogs, friend - friends
V VV "-s". :leg -legs, wall - walls, tree - trees, table - tables. V :s, ss, x, z, ch, sh, tch,"-es". :ass - asses, box - boxes, church - hurchesVV + y"-ies" VV. :baby - babiesfe, f"-ves". :wife - wives, knife - knives, wolf - wolves .:chief - chiefs, roof - roofs VV .- "- oes":hero - heroes, potato - potatoes. V :photo - photos, piano - pianos, radio - radios VV.Y V , :sheep- ,deer- ,swine- ,fish- ,fruit- ,grouse- . :trout- ,salmon- ,carp- ,pike- . herring, -s= ,eel, -s= VV V . V, :Japanese, Swiss, Vietnameseox, child, brother V -(r)en :ox - oxen, child - children, brother - brethren VV VV. :man - men, woman - women, foot - feet, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, mouse - mice, person -people, louse - lice:man- V :gentleman - gentlemen, Frenchman - Frenchmen .
:German, -s; Roman, -s; Norman, -s V "-s" . (Abstract) (Collective) . :
advice- ,business- ,furniture- ,knowledge- ,merchandise- ,progress- .: V :scissors- ,tongs- ,spectacles -V ,lungs- ,trousers- ,scales- VV,
These spectacles are strong.- V .!: V .
They came in with their hats on their heads- .III . (The case)(Normative)=(the, a, an)
(Genitive- V )=of (the, a, an)
(Dative- V )=to (the, a, an)
(Accusative)=(the, a, an) V V 's, s'- . :V V :Jack's blue book. they boys' book V , , :a week's holiday, a month's stay, a mile's walk, at arm's length, a stone's throw : for Heaven's sake- V ,for God's sake- ,for goodness' sake- : house, shop, church, practice V .
I am at my uncle's (house).- () .at the doctor's (practice)- to - V.VVVVVVVV

Wegavethe beggara penny

Isentyousome books

V : to - .VVVVVVVV V ..

WeGavea pennyto the beggar

ISentsome booksto you(and not to him)

V V to- . :englishmongolianenglishmongolianenglishmongolian

to add- to reply to- cruel to

to listen to, to happen to- just to

to declare, explain to- to say to, polite to,

to mention to kind to,

V V . V V :englishmongolianenglishmongolianenglishmongolianenglishmongolian

to giveto bringto forgiveto tell

to lendVVto take- to costV to write

to offer to send- to owe to sell

to promiseto fetchto payto showVVV

: "it" - V :
give it me- VV ;bring it us- VV (The adjective) V.The great poets of England- . I . (Degrees of Comparison of the Adjective)(positive)(comparative)(superlative)

V- er- est

longlonger the longest

largelarger the largest

Vmoremost

beautifulmore beautifulVV the most beautiful

V goodBetterVV the best

badworseV the worst

: VV"the"- . V : ) V b ) V :(polite - politer - the politest , severe - severer - the severest)VV -y, -le, -er, - ow, - some- V :happy - happier - the happiest, clever - cleverer - the - cleverest . V : a ) V V :cautious - more cautious - the most cautious, useful - more useful - the most useful.b ) V VV V VVV:interesting - more interesting - the most interesting, delighted - more delighted - the most delighted. VV V :"e"- -er, -est. :fine - finer - finest, polite - politer - politestV VV"y" "y" - "- i -" . :dry - drier - driest, happy - happier - happiest.V VV , VV , V V VV . :big - bigger - biggest, hot - hotter - hottest, fit - fitter - fittest. VV VV .

latelaterlatest I'll see you later- .the latest paper- VV

latterlast the latter sentence- VV,(the) last time- VV

farfartherfarthest the farthest way-

furtherfurthestVwithout frther delay- V

oldolderoldest he is older than I- ,the oldest tree-

eldereldest VVmy elder brother- ,his eldest son- VV VV

nearnearernearest the nearest way to the station- V

next next month- . the next stop-

littlesmallersmallest the smallest room-

lessleast he drinks less wine than milk- VV

II . V : as - as :my sister is as big as I am- . : not so - as ( not as - as):he is not so (not as) tall as his brother- (comparative) + than :he is bigger than his brother- VV .the - the :thefurther they went the worse the road was- .the less - the less :the lessyou work, the less you will earn- . :
the former- ,
the same the- . . .
the latter- . . . VV
other than- . . . - , . . . - III . (Substantivization of adjectives) V VVV , V , , VV the- V.the good VV V V V, V man / woman, boy / girl, gentleman / lady, person / people V . : the blind women, the poor person, poor people . ..

the blindVVV

the poor

"-sh", "-ch''- V V V V V man / woman, gentleman / lady- .
:the English - an Englishman, the French - a French lady, the Scotch - two Scotchmen, the Dutch some Dutchmen
V V . :(the) Americans, (the) Germans, (the) RussiansIV . 1. V VV(attributive use)V. :This is an interesting book. - .They live in the old house.- .2. V V VVVV (predicative use) :This book is interesting. - .Their house is old.- .V (Adverb) V V , , , , , .I . V VV Adjective + ly = Adverb, "- ly" VVV VV V .1.VV V VVVV + "- y""-y"-"-i"- . :happy - happily, easy - easily.2. V "-y"- .drylydrily,
:gay - gaily .3. VVV-e.true - truly, whole - wholly, due - duly, noble - nobly4.full-fully5. "- ic" "- ally"- VV. :fantastic - fantastically, diplomatic - diplomatically! "-ly" in a . . . manner (way)V V . :in afriendly manner; in a lovely way V VV. "-ly":early, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly . . . . prettyonlystillvery

(adjective) V, V,

V (adverb), , , ,

"-ly" VV V V . :hardly- VV , ;nearly- , : " " = very- V :verygood, very badly,
(very)muchV V :I thank you very much. : (Adjective) V (adverb) :to work hard- ,to walk slow- ,to talk loud (low)- ,to spell right (wrong)- () ,to feel happy- ,to stop short- V II . V
(Degrees of Comparison of the adverb)1. V :("-ly"- VV V V "more, most"- )
brightly - more brightly-most brightly ; slowly - more slowly - most slowly2. V :("-ly"VVVVV "-er, est")
soon - sooner - soonest ; often - oftener - oftenest ; early - earlier - earliest3.V :
well -better - best; badly -worse - worst; little -less - least; much -more - most
late -latter - last; far -farther (further) - farthest (furthest) ; near - nearer- nearest (next)III. V V V :V VVVV V.VV V :1. V (, V V ) VV . ( !) :
: in 1999 we went to London
:I met him yesterday.
:We thanked him heartily2.V V ( V V V ) V V , V V . :
: She allways heard the child cry.- VV V .
I have often been in America-
:I did not quite understand you.- V.3.VV V : + + . :We arrived safely in London yesterday. (The Numeral)V (Cardinal numerals)1 -one, 2 -two,3 -three,4 -four,5 -five,6 -six,7 -seven,8 -eight,9 -nine,10 -ten,11-eleven,12 -twelve,13 -thirteen,14- fourteen,15- fifteen,16 -sixteen,17 -seventeen,18 -eighteen,19 -nineteen,20 -twenty,21 -twenty one,22- twenty two,30 -thirty, 40 -forty, 50 -fifty, 60 -sixty,70 -seventy,80 -eighty, 90 -ninety, 100- a (one) hundred,101 -a (one) hundredandone, 200 -two hundred, 1000 -a (one) thousand, 2000 -two thousand, 100 000 -a (one) hundred thousand, 1 000 000- a (one) million, 2 000 000- two million(s) (Ordinal numerals and Fractional numerals)Ordinal numerals = Cardinal numerals + th :the hundredth .V :first, second, third (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
V :five -fifth,eight -eighth,nine -ninth, twelve -twelfth, twenty -twenthieth .
:He was born on July 14thon the 23rd of July ; : Elizabeth II - Elizabeth the second()
"the" VV .the first, the second, the eleventh,101 -the hundred and first
(Common Fractions):1/2a (one) half, 1/3one third, 2/5two fifths, 2.3/7two and three sevenths
(Decimal Fractions):0.3nought (zero) point three, 2.35two point three five (thirty five) V : - =first - then :
Firsthe lived at home, then he went to England.- . : - VV =at first - at last, at lenght :
At firstI believed him, but at last I became distrustful.- VV , V .V :V= firstlyin the first place; =thirdlyin the third place. . . ; in the fifth place . : =in the sixth place : =once ?=how many times? three times (thrice)

=twice, =sometimesonce more

: =single =treble, threefould100 =a (one) hundredfold

=double =fourfold =manifold

, ,
V VV
(Personal, Possessive, Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns) V VV .
-self- .

= VVVV
Nominative = Subject =
Accusative = ObjectiveI II

Ime-, my- mine- myself- () ,

you you- , , , your- , yours- , yourself- (, ) ,

he- ()him- VV, VVhis- VVhis - VVhimself- , ()

she- ()her- VV, VVher- VVhers- VVherself- , ()

it- , it- VV, VV,
VV, VVits- VV
( V)its- VVitself- , (, )

we- , us- , , our- , ours- , ourself- , ()

you- you- , your- , yours- , yourselves- ( ) ,

they- , them- , , their- , theirs- , themselves- () ,

oneoneone'sone's (own)oneself

:
to -V:give me the book
to-:give the book to me VV : V VV

.-VVVVIshall speak to him.- VV .

VVVVThat was he.- .

.- VVI shall speak to him.- VV .

I VVHerpaper was interesting.- VV VV

II VVVVMy ruler is long yours is longer.- , V .

VVVVThis car is his.- VV.

We haven't seen your paper, we have seen only theirs.- VV, V

VVI wash myself.- .

V VV V ( )- V VV VVHe himself saw it.- VV V.
He saw it himself.- VV V.

V (Reciprocal pronouns)each other- ,one another- , :
They greeted each other.- .
We know each other very well.- .
The children look at each other in the mirror.- VVVV . (Demonstrative pronouns)

this- that-

these- those-

1.VVVV VV :This was pleasant.- .2.VVVV VV :It was that.- .3. VV :He likes this.- VV . (Interrogative Pronouns) 1. V2.

V VV V
(, )V V

who?= ?
Who can swim?what?= ?
What is this?which?= , , , ?
Which of you is ill?what?,which?

whose= ?
of whom?= ?
1. Whose book is this?
2. Of whom did you speak?of what?= ?
Of what did you speak?of which?= , ?
There were two accidents. Of which did you near?what (which)boy?
what (which)table?

to whom?= ?
To whom did you give?to what?= ?
To what does this refer?to which?
There are two teams, to which do you belong?

whom?= ?
Whom did you call?what?= ?
What do you see?which?
Which do you like better, tea or coffee?

: V(Prepositions) V V :
Whom are you speaking of?- .
What is he laughing at?- ?
What are you talking about?- .
(Relative and conjunctive pronouns) V VV V

whowhichthat

whose, of whomof which (whose)(that - of)

to whomto which(that - of)

whomwhichthat

whomy friend who made a trip to London-

whosethe girl whose father I know-

the house whose walls are grey-

of whomthe boy of whom we spoke- VV

to whomthe pupil to whom he gave the book- VV

whomthe man whom I asked-

whichthe train which (that) arrived-

of whichthe house, the windows of which . . .( V VV V)

to whichthe story to which we listened- VV

whichthe things which (that) we need- V

: V (Preposition)V V .
The man whom I was waiting for.- V .
The house, that I lived in.- .that- VV VV .1.who, which- :
Who was the man that you were talking of?- ?
This is the bird (that) he caught.- VV .2.V (Indefinite pronouns) :all, everything, something, anything, much, little, nothing, the same :
That is everything (that) I know. - V .3. it is . . . , it was . . .- :
It wasthe storm that destroyd the house.- .4. V V :
They talked about the natives and plants (that) they had found interesting.- . : that - VV V V V .
The train that I waited for arrived.- V . : VV VV V .
This is the boy (whom) Iike best.- VV .
The house (that) we live in.- .V
(Indefinite pronouns)some= , , , ( )1. :We had some books.- .2. VV VV:In the evening we had some tea.- .any= , , 1.V , :You may come at any time.- .2.a)VV:Do you see any mistakes?- ?
b)VVVV:No, I do not see any mistakes.- VV, V.
c)VV:If you see any mistakes ...- ...3. VV " " :Give me any book.- .
some any- V V.
someone, somebody- , V;something- , ;somewhere- , , ;anyone,anybody- V, ;anything- , , ;anywhere- , , , each= V, V, , V (V, V V ) VV:Each player did his best- V V V VV:Each of themdid his best- V V every= V (V, ) VV :Every house has a roof- V . V V :everyone,everybody- V V, V, V ;everything- V, V :every day- ;every fortnight- 14 ;every other day- all= V, V ( V V ) VV:all men- V VV V VV:all of them- VV VV:he was all dirty- :all the better- V ;not at all- V, V;all at once- :after all- , VV ;first of all- , ;once for all- V ;all the day- V , V ;whole= V, V (all- VV ):the whole town, the whole of Asia :the whole day- V , V ;either= , ;neither= , , , VV:on either side of river- ;neither way is right- V VV:either one or the other one must leave- ;neither of us could help him- VV V :either ... or- ... ...;neither ... nor- ... VV ... VVnor - either- VVI cannot swim, nor my borther either- V,

not - eitherI cannot swim, he cannot swim either- V, V

other= , , VV:the other girl- V VV:the others stayd at home- V:the other day- , ;the other morning- ;every other day- ;one after another- ;some day or other- ;some time or other- , V;on the other hand- VV;another (cup of coffee)- ( )

much=
it takes too much timemany=
many families live theremany a= ()
a little= ,
a few= , ,

little=
I have little hopefew=
I saw only few boys

a greate deal of= V ; agood many= , ;very much= ;in few words= V;very many, greate many= V V
(Ordinary verbs)V V V VV VV to open (, ) V V VV VVV.VV VV VV(Affirmate)VV VV
(Negative) VV
(Interrogative) VV VV
(Interrogative-negative)

(The present indefinite tense)Iopen
he opensI do notopen
he does notopendo Iopen?
does he open?do I notopen?
does he not open?

(The past indefinite tense)IopenedI did notopendid Iopen?did I notopen?

(The present perfect tense)I haveopenedI have notopenedhave Iopened?have I notopened?

(The past perfect tense)I hadopenedI had notopenedhad Iopened?had I notopened?

V
(The future indefinite tense)I shallopen
you will openI should notopen
you will not openshall Iopen?
shall (will) you open?shall I notopen?
shall (will) you not open?

V
(The future indefinite in the past)I shouldopen
you would openI should notopen
you would notopenshould Iopen?
should (would )youopen?should I notopen?
should (would) you notopen?

:- V V when, if, while, as soon as- VV V.
:
I shall go out when I am ready- .
he would do it if he could- VV . V V
(Auxiliary verbs)to have= -, V V V :he has come- to have+ + V V = - , VV:I have my hair cut- V .to have+ / + (infinitive) = -, VV, - , :the teacher will the boys learn by heart- VV VV .to have+ to - (infinitive with to) = :he has much to do- V .to have- V V VV( got V V VV) : have you (got) a new house?VV to do- .Do you have a new house?- ?to be= V (passive) VV :the story was told by father- VVV (progressive form) VV :it is raining- .to be+ to - (infinitive with to) = (3 V ) :he was to die in Africa- V .to be + V = - :the lesson is to be finished- .to be- V V VV: "To be or not to be" that is the question- " " .to do= , V VVVV V V VV :do you like it?- ?
VV to do- V:1. VVVV V V :will he come?- VV?2.VVVV VV:who knows that?- VV ?
VV VV to do- :who does not know that?- VV V ? V VVV :we do not forget it- VV V
VV to do- V:1. V V :he cannot swim- V.2.not(never, nothing etc.) - VV VV :you never can tell- V.we sow nothing- V.3.not V V VV VV :is she ill? - no I suppose not. ? VV V .: VV to do- VV V V to haveto be- VV:do not have a look at it? - don't be sorry!- VV V ? VV ! ( ) V Vto do- :1. VVV V :he knows more then I do. - VV .2., V yesno- :Do you listen to the music? Yes, we do. No we do not.3. " ", " ", " ", " "- :He reads much - so do I- , .She does not read much - nor do we- V .4. "V VV? V ?"VV VV :You feel better, do not you?- , ?
VV VV :he didn't say so, did he?- V ?
VV V V :You are not glad, are you?- V , ? V V VV( VV VVto do- ):He did his best- V .How do you do?- ? V V
(Modal verbs)VV V V V V V V V . V V

I can
...- I could
...- :I can swim- :he could translate- :can I help you?- ?to be able to:I play chess=I'm able to play chess-
(VV V)to be unable to- V
( 2-):to know, (know to)-

I shall

( 3 V)I should
shall: V V:
you shall not steal!- V!should: :the teacher said we should work
V , VV :you should tell the truth- V to be to :what am I to do- ? :his death was to decide her fate- VV V :to be said - to besupposed to : he is said (supposed) to be ill- VV

I will
... - V I would
... - V will: V V:I will get on in my life- would:V V( VV):he would not go abroad- V .V :I would I were at home- V:boys will be boys- VV VV .
she would play every day- V .V:to want, to wish, to like: I wantto see him- VV .
do as you like- V . V V V:going to, to mean to, to propose to :to be willinf to:he is willing to do all- V V .VV VV V:to wish - would + V :I would the day were over- V.VV :to pretend:he pretends to be ill- V.

may
-V, might
- may::this may be true- V :you may come.VV :cannot:this cannot be true- V V.VV :may not( ):you may not use this book- V .VV :must not( V ):you must not smoke- V.VV V:may not:may you never be unhappy!- V !might: V :he might have missed the trian- V .to be allowed to / to be permitted to= I have not been allowed to smoke- V .
they will not be permitted to play- V.
it is possible- .

I must
.
() ( V)(I must)

( VV V)
I ought tomust:V V :all men must survive- V VV V .VV : must not,need not: you must not tell a lie- V.VV V V:need not:I need not tell you this story- VV V.I ought to: VV:I ought to go to church- VVV .to have to:I had to stay at home- V to be forced to:he was forced to leave his country- VV .to be obliged to:she was obliged to earn her living- VV Vto be compelled to:they were compelled to work hard- to be bound to:she is bound to her freedom-

: VV V V:
(to) need- , .
he does not need to come / he need not come
(to) dare- V,
he did not dare to go out / he dared not go outV V
(The tenses of the verb) VV (active) 16 VV (passive) 10 , 26 .
:
P1 - V V
P2 - V V/ (V V V)V
(The active tenses) (Tenses) VV (Form) (Example) (Translation)

(Present tenses)
(The present indefinite tense)verb / verb+s (es)she works ()

V
(The present continuous tense)am / are / is+ P1 (verb+ing)heis working ()

(The present perfect tense)have / has+ P2 (verb+ed)shehas worked

V
(The present perfect continuous tense)have / has been+ P1 (verb+ing)hehas beenworking

(Past tenses)
(The past indefinite tense)verb+ed(d){only irregular verb}she worked

V
(The past continuous tense)was / were+ P1 (verb+ing)hewas working

(The past perfect tense)had+ P2 (verb+ed)shehad worked

V
(The past perfect continuous tense)had been+ P1 (verb+ing)hehad beenworking

V
(Future tenses) V
(The future indefinite tense)shall / will+verbshewillwork

V V
(The future continuous tense)shall / will be+ P1 (verb+ing)hewill beworking

V
(The future perfect tense)shall /will have+ P2 (verb+ed)shewill haveworked

V V
(The future perfect continuous tense)shall / will have been+ P1 (verb+ing)hewill have beenworking

V
(Future in the past) V
(The future indefinite in the past tense)should / would+verbshewouldwork

V V
(The future continuous in the past tense)should / would be+ P1 (verb+ing)hewould beworking

V
(The future perfect in the past)should / would have+P2 (verb+ed)shewould haveworked

V V
(The future perfect continuous in the past)should / would have been+ P1 (verb+ing)hewould have been working

V V V VV 1.V V VV "ed" . :work + ed = worked2.V V "e"- "d". :receive + d = recieved3.V V VV V"ed" VV VV . :stop + ed = stopped4.V V VV "y""ed" V"y""i". :carry + ed = carried
( ""V. :obey + ed = obeyed)V
(The passive tenses) (Tenses) VV (Form) (Example) (Translation)

(Present tenses) V
(The passive present indefinite tense)am / are / is+ P2Iam called
( )

V V
(The passive present continuous tense)am / are / is being+ P2Iam being called
( )

V
(The passive present perfect tense)have / has been+ P2Ihave been called
( )

(Past tenses) V
(The passive past indefinite tense)was / were+ P2Iwas called
( )

V V
(The passive past continuous tense)was / were being+ P2Iwas being called
( )

V
(The passive past perfect tense)had been+ P2Ihad been called
( )

V
(Future tenses) V V
(The passive future indefinite tense)shall / will be+ P2Ishall be called
( )

V V
(The passive future perfect tense)shall / will have been+ P2Ishall have beencalled
( )

V
(Future in the past) V V
(The passive future indefinite in the past)should / would be+ P2Ishould be called
( )

V V
(The passive future perfect in the past)should / would have been+ P2Ishould have beencalled
( )

V V
(Sequens of tenses) VV VV V V VV V V VV. VV V :a) (V V ): VV VV

hesays(present)that sheisangry (present)

wasangry (past)

hehas said(perfect)has beenangry (perfect)

had beenangry (past perfect)

hewill say(future)will beangry (future)

would beangry (conditional)

VV VV

hesaid(past)that shewasangry (past)

hehad said(past perfect)had beenangry (past perfect)

hewould say(conditional)would beangry (conditional)

: V VV (present) .
:He stated that the earth is round- .b)"if VVVV"- V.V V VV (The moods of the verb) V The Imperative Mood , , , , , .Come here!- ! ,Close the door!- !

The Indicative Mood

V The Subjective Mood , V . ( )

VV :1. :a) 3- "-s"-. :He have ; He live

)I, you, heetc.be : If that be true- V .
I, you, heetc.were :I wish I were you- ;I wish I were rich.- .2. : may - might: I wish(ed) he may(might) win the game. - VV V.
should(V V V) :It is impossible that he should know it.- VV V. :1. - - - it is right, wrong, natural, necessary, good (better), impossible, time V should, may, might- . :
It is natural that she should marry him.- VV .
It is possible, is probable-may might- . :It is possible that he may (might) come.2. VV :(al)though - whatever - whoever- however V :
Whoever he may be, we shall help him.- VV .3. VV :If - VVPresentPastPast perfect

VVFuture indefiniteConditional 1Conditional 2

4.
a) V V VV .
Ifyou ask me, I shall answer.- .

b) V V V VV . : VV VV

I VV(Conditional 1)

IfI were in your place
( )I should go home
( )

II VV(Conditional 2)

IfI had been in your place
( )I should have gone home
( )

5.6. , V V :

a), : V , V VV. :
We are afraid that we shall lose our money- .
VV V may - might- . :
She feared that she might be gravely ill.- V .

b) - - - V V should- . :
to be glad- ;it is a pity- ;It is pity than they should be so lazy.- .

c)V : VV V V V . :
I wish I were in England now. .
V V V may - might. :
Mayyou be right !- V !
I wished that he might be right.- VV V .

d) , : VVVV thatin order to- may - might- . :
Speak loud that I may hear you.- .V VV
(Progressive forms) VV V to be + V V V (to be + Participle present or Participle 1)VV. V V VVV V VVV .I am reading (now)= () .
It was raining (then)= . : V V VV V (Progressive form).
We were working, while they were sleeping.
(Expression of Habit) (Present tense)will + to-V (will + infinitive without to) VV :In April the weather will often change.- V . VV VV.would to-V
(infinitive without to):I wouldgo there.= V .

used to +
(infinitive) :I used totake a bus.= .

V
(The passive voice)V V VVV V VVV.to be + Participle perfectorParticiple 2( to be- to get- )ActivePassive

(Present)The master punishes JohnJohnis punished by the master

(Past)Did the master punish John?WasJohn punished by the master?

V (Future)The master will not punish JohnJohnwiil not be punished by the master

V (Progressive form)They are looking at JohnJohnis being looked at by then

"to"-V
(Infinitive without to) "to"-V :1. V Vto do- :
I shall go home- VV .We do not drink.- V.2.V (Active)to make, to let, to did- :
I let him come.- VV .3. V V :
I hear him sing (singing)- VV .4. VV :
I had rather . . . ; I had better . . . ; I cannot but . . . ; I had as good . . .."to"-
(Infinitive with to) "to"- :1.VVVVVV :o. V V :Always to help is not easy.- V.o. V :It is better to stayhere.- V .2. VVVV :
He seemed to be angry.- .3. :
He promised to come.- .4. :oV V :We helped him to translate the letter.- VV .o :Be slow to promise.- .o V :I have the pleasure to know him- VV .o :He was the first to swim- 5. :o :I harried to fetch a doctor.- .oV :He was too tired to learn.- .

(Special use of the Infinitive) how to, want to, where to, so (such) . . . as to, in order to- ., , V V V how to( ) .
He learns how to ride a bike- .what to(),where to()- V :
He did not know what to say; I showed him where to buy the books. VV VVVV "so""such"- as to- V ( VV V) :
You were such a fool as to believe him.- VV .in order to(- )- :
He made him come in order to punish him.- VV . :V V .1. V V :
This apple is good to eat.- .2.there is, there are- :
There is nothing to say.- .3.to let, to blame V :
Rooms to let, you are to blame. VV
(Accusative with the infinitive)to -V(without to) :1.Vto see(),to hear(),to feel( V),to watch(, ),to observe( ) V V :I saw him come.- VV .2. V VVV :
) :to make, to have(to bid):You make me laugh.- V .

) :to let(, ). :
Let the boy return!- VV VV!to - (with to) :1.V to want, to wish, to like- .
I wish his to learn.- VV V .2. V V :
) to cause, to order, to command V V . :
We caused him to send for a doctor.- VV VV

) to allow, to permit, to suffer V V . :
We allowed the girls to come in.- .3., to declare, to deny, to expect, to believe, to think, to suppose, to remember V V :
England expect every man to do his duty.- V V VV VV V . : VV VV that- .
: to say, to tell(, ),to answer, to reply, to hope, to fear V VV VVthat- . :He hoped that she would come. - VV .
(Nominative with the infinitive) (Accusative with the infinitive)-V (Passive) (Nominative with the infinitive). :
He was heard to come in.- VV .
I am told to stay away. - V .
My father was told to prepare everything.- V .: (Infinitive)- (Adjective)- for - . :The town is too distant for me to be seen- V .V (The gerund) VV V "-ing" V V VV . V VV V V VV V.1.VVVVVV :Swimmingis healthy.- VV .2.VVVV VV :That is running a great risk- 3. VV : V V, V V V .

V V V V :to go onto have done withto put offto give upto stop

to keepI do not mindto riskI cannotto finish

4. :Go on reading.- VVV .

V V V .to liketo preferto mindto rememberto excuse

to hateto enjoyto loveto regretto start

5. :I like walking - I like to walk- .6. V V, V, V V V .
) V V :to complain ofto delight into insist (up) onto object toto succeed in

to depend onto despire ofto prevent fromto quarrel aboutto think of

7.
: He succeeded in escaping.

) V:to be in the habit ofto be in danger ofa plan forto be on the point ofthe way of

8.
: He was in danger of getting drowned.

) :fond ofcapable ofkeen onaccustomed to

proud ofdisappointed atfar from

9.
: She was found of being admired.10.V V VV VV VVVVV.
) before - after - on - upon- (temporal) :
onleaving America- V

) for(= - , , ),for the sake of(= - ),on account of(= - , - ) - (causal) :
He was punished for having stolen.- . . . - .

) by(-),with(- ),without(- V),instead of(- ) - :
He left without saying goodbye.- V .

) by(- , ) - (instrumental) :
Byinventing a machine he became famous. - .

) in spite of(-, , ) - :
In spite ofbeing late you can hear the speech.- .: V V . (after- ) :
after having finished-after finishing= , ;for having stolen-for stealing- V V (The participles) V V "-ing""-ed" V V V V. V V V V(The prsesent participle)= V V V (Participle 1) V V (The perfect participle)= V V (Participle 2) . V V "-ing" :I saw a boy beating a dog.- VV .
V V V V V"-ed" VV. (V V V V VV)
There lived a little girl called Red riding hood.- .I . V V VV :1. VV VV : VV . :
The American, visiting our town, was very delighted.- .2. VV (adverbial clause) :
) : Having done their work, they went home.- .
) :(being) tired of waiting, I went off
) : He entered the room carrying some books. - .
) : This poem, if carefully declaimed, will be impressive
V .(while, though )II . V V( ) VVVV .a) : This done, we went home.) : The task being too hard, he gave up all hope : V V VV . :considering V,

exceptingVV , , -

including, , VV, VV

supposing, V

strictly speaking

generally speaking, , V

, , V V
(Transitive, intransitive, reflexive verbs)1. V V(The transitive verb) V V (Indirect object), (Direct object) . :
:to think - He thanked his father.- .
V V V VV VVVV . :His father was thanked by him.2. V V (The intransitive verb) V V ( ) . :
He shouted laudly.- .I am going to the shop.- VV VV .

V : V V(The perfect participle)- VV ( ) to be - .He is gone.- .

V V to.englishmongolian

to add to-

to mention to-

to prefer to

to belong to-

to present to-

to deliver to- VV

to explain to-

to introduce to-

to seem, appear to- V

to communicate to-

to propose to-

to yield to

to add to-

to relate to-

to say to-

to repeat to

3.( V )4. V V (The reflexive verb):

a) ( V ) :to avail o.s-
to pride o.s- , . :Don't pride yourself!

) :to defend

to excuse

to enjoy,

to prove

to warm

to mix,

5. :I warmed my hands. - He warmed himself at the fire.

) :to approach

to fear

to remember,

to wash

to refuse

to mind-

to join,

to dress

6.
) :to amount to- V,

to sit down

to wonder at-

to depend (up) on-

to care for-

to surrender

to happen,

to turn to-

to be mistaken,

to rejoice,

to complain of ,

to bow to-

to be glad to, of-

to differ from-

to rise,

to be ashamed of- ,

to long for- , VV

to apply to-

VVV V V V V V VVV VVV .to drop

,to grow

Vto runV

to stand

to fly

to return

, to sink,

: The ball dropped. - . ;He dropped the ball.- .!VVV V V V (Passive)VV. :
the captain decided to sink the ship - - the ship was sunk by the captain. V V (Phrasal verbs) V V V V V V .
: V V V V V . what? when? where? V V .
:give away- , ;give up- , ;look after- , ;look for- , ;look out- V V V V.I . V V + V (verb + adverb)a) V V VVV. :
My parents get up very early.- , .

) V V V V . :
The man called back his words.- V V .

II . V V + (verb + preposition): V V V . :
I am looking for my passport- .
I rely on her. - VV .
She asked me for help. - T .

III . V V + V + (verb + adverb + preposition): V V VV + V V V + VV . :
Let's go on with our lesson.- VVV.
You should lead up to the exams.- .

V (The preposition) V V V V 7 V . V (Prepositions of Place)englishmongolianexample

ononthe house

inin the house

at, , at the house

over, VVover the house VV

nearnearthe flat

in front of, VV in front of the flat

behind, behindthe flat

acrossacrossthe street

through, , -throughthe window,

between, betweenthe vases

amongamongthe students

around(round), around the table

atop , atop his headVV

beneath, beneath the tree

beside, beside the house

beyond, beyond the building

by, , by the river

nearby, nearby the flat

withinwithin the city

under
(below, beneath), under the house

V(Prepositions of Direction)englishmongolianexample

to-, -, -tothe house

into-, -, -()intothe house ()

out of- ( )outof the house

roundround the house

from-from the flat

overVVover the city VV

along, along the river

towards(toward), . . .- , V, , towardsthe house V

V (Prepositions of Time)englishmongolianexample

on-, - ()onSaturday

on May 115 11-

on week days VV

in-, -, inMarch3-

in 20022002

`in summer()

in the morning()

in an hour

in a day

in 4 months4

in 5 years5

at-, - ()at7 o'clock7

at first

at the beginning

by
( )by3 o'clock3

since- since19971997

since 1 o'clock1

forforan hour

for 5 months5

duringV, duringthe lesson V

before, beforethe lesson

before lunchV

afterafterthe lesson

after 3 years3

till, untilVtillJune6- V

until I come back

from . . . till. . . . . . Vfrom 2 till 4 o'clock V

lastlast night

last month

nextnext week

next month

next April 4

ago, a day ago

a month ago

at the ago of 2121

aroundat around 10 o'clock10

betweenbetweenone and
two o'clock

V(The conjunction) V V VVVV VV V VV .I . VV (Co-ordinating Conjunctions):englishmongolian

and, ,

neither . . . nor. . .

as, V

both . . . and , . . .

whereas,

or

as well as VV

not only . . .but also . . . V, VV

but

while- ,

either . . . or

:I and my brother-
He is small but strong. - V.
He can't (either)read or write. - V.
I know both you and your friend. - .II . (Subordinating Conjunctions):englishmongolian

that

till (until)V,

because ,

lest. . . -V

though, although . . .

before

where,

if

when. . . V, -(4)

unless-V

for,

if weather(2), . . . VV

whileV

since , ,

in order that. . . - , . . . (4)

provided (that)()

as soon as-(4), -(2)
()

as long as, -

as, , V, -(4)

supposing . . .(4)

after-(4)

wherever ,

so that,

in case-, -, , - V

(comparative conjuctions) V VV V VVVV V (conjunctive words).
VV V V VV . V V

I know who lives in this house.The man who lives in this house works in a bank.

. V
.

V V V(Irregular verbs)EnglishMongolian

(Indefinite infinitive)
(Simple past) V V
(Past participle)

I .

bidbidbid V

burstburstburst,

castcastcast,

costcostcostV

cutcutcut,

hithithit,

hurthurthurt,

letletlet,

putputput

readreadread

setsetset,

shedshedshed

shutshutshut,

spreadspreadspread,

II . -t

bendbentbent,

buildbuiltbuilt,

burnburntburnt, V

dreamdreamtdreamtVV,

dwelldweltdwelt ,

leanleantleant, V

learnlearntlearnt,

lendlentlentVV,

meanmeantmeant,

sendsentsent,

smellsmeltsmeltV

spellspeltspeltV,

spendspentspent() , VV

spoilspoiltspoilt,

III . V

bleedbledbled

breedbredbred,

creepcreptcrept

dealdealtdealt,

feedfedfed

feelfeltfelt,

fleefledfled,

keepkeptkept

kneelkneltknelt,

leadledled,

leaveleftleft, V

lightlitlit,

meetmetmet

sleepsleptslept,

sweepsweptsweptVV

weepweptwept,

IV . V VV

bringbroughtbrought

buyboughtbought

catchcaughtcaught

havehadhad- , -

hearheardheard

laylaidlaid,

loselostlost,

makemademade, V

paypaidpaid ,

saysaidsaid, VV

seeksoughtsought,

sellsoldsold,

teachtaughttaught

telltoldtold,

thinkthoughtthought,

V .

arisearosearisen, ,

beginbeganbegun, VV

drinkdrankdrunk,

drivedrovedriven,

flyflewflown

rideroderidden

ringrangrung,

riseroserisen,

singsangsung

sinksanksunk,

springsprangsprungV,

swimswamswum

writewrotewritten

VI .

beatbeatbeaten,

becomebecamebecome,

bidbadebiddenV, ,

blowblewblownV

comecamecome

drawdrewdrawn, V

eatate(eat)eaten,

fallfellfallen,

forbidforbadeforbidden,

forgiveforgaveforgivenVV,

givegavegiven

growgrewgrown,

knowknewknown,

mistakemistookmistaken,

runranrun, V

seesawseen, V

shakeshookshaken

slayslewslain

taketooktaken,

throwthrewthrown,

VII . V V

awakeawokeawoke(awaked)

bearboreborne

bind`boundbound, , V

bitebitbitten,

breakbrokebroken,

choosechosechosen,

clingclungclung,

digdugdug,

fightfoughtfought,

findfoundfound

forgetforgotforgotten

freezefrozefrozen

getgotgot, V

hanghunghung, VV

hidehidhidden

holdheldheld,

lielaylain

shineshoneshone, VV

shootshotshot,

sitsatsat

speakspokespoken, VV

spinspunspun

spitspatspat

standstoodstood

stealstolestolen

stickstuckstuck,

stingstungstung,

strikestruckstruck,

swearsworesworn

swingswungswung, VV

teartoretorn,

wearworeworn, VV

winwonwon,

wringwrungwrung,

VIII .

mowmowedmown

sewsewedsewn,

showshowedshownVVV

sowsowedsown,

strewstrewedstrewn ,

IX . V VV

dodiddone, V

gowentgone,

bewasbeen, , ,

127 , H: 280436 2013 04- 02 . 1.www.englishpaje.com-
2.www.-english learner.com.wwwlongman.com www.geocities.com-
3.owl.english.purdue.edu- ,,, ,
4.www.eslus.com/lessons/reading/read.ntm- ,
5.www.word2word.com/course.htm/
, , www.abchekers.com
6.www.real.english.com-
7. , , , ,
www.churchilhouse.com/english
www.learning-english.com/learmonline
8. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish4 , H: 5749 200 2013 04- 02 . 200

1. I see - 2. I quit! -
3. Let go! -
4. Me too -
5. I will do my best ! - !
6. No way! - .
7. Come on - .
8. Hold on -
9. I agree - ,
10. Not bad -
11. Not yet -
12. See you -
13. Shup up! - ,
14. So long - ,
15. Why not? -
16. Allow me -
17. Be quiet! - !
20. Have fun! -
18. Cheer up! -
19. Good job! - , .
21. How much? -
22. Im full -
23. Im home -
24. Im lost -
25. My treat - .
26. So do i -
27. This way -
28. After you -
29. Bless you! -
30. Follow me! -
31. Forget it! -
32. Good luck! -
33. I decline! -
34. I promise - .
35. Of course! -
36. Slow down! -
37. Take care! -
38. They hurt -
39. Try again -
40. Watch out! -
41. Whats up -
42. Be careful! -
43. Bottoms up! - ,
44. Dont move!
45. Guess what? -
46. I doubt it - .
47. I think so - ,
48. Im single - .
49. Keep it up! -
50. Let me see -
51. Never mind -
52. No problem! - .
53. Thats all! - .
54. Time is up -
55. Whats new? - ?
56. Count me on -
57. Dont worry -
58. Feel better? - ?
59. I love you - .
60. Im his fan -
61. Is it yours? - ?
62. Thats neat -
63. Are you sure? - ?
64. Do i have to - ?
65. He is my age -
66. Here you are - ?
67. No one knows -
68. Take it easy -
69. What a pity! - .
70. ny thing else? - ?
71. To be careful! -
72. Do me a favor? -
73. Help yourself -
74. Im on a diet -
75. Keep in touch -
76. Time is money -
77. Whos calling? - .
78. You did right -
79. You set me up! -
80. n i help you? - ?
81. Enjoy yourself!
82. Excuse me, Sir -
83. Give me a hand! - !
84. Hows it going? - ?
85. I have no idea -
86. I just made it! - !
87. Ill see to it! -
88. Im in a hurry! - !
89. Its her field -
90. Its up to you -
91. Just wonderful! - !
92. What about you? - ?
93. You owe me one -
94. Yourre welcome -
95. Any day will do -
96. Are you kidding? - ?
97. Congratulations! - !
101. It sounds great! - .
102. Its a fine day - .
103. So far, so good - .
104. What time is it? - .
105. You can make it! - .
106. Control yourself! -
107. He came be train - .
108. He is ill in bed - .
109. He lacks courage -
110. Hows everything? - ?
111. I have no choice - .
112. I like ice cream -
113. I love this game - .
114. Ill try my best - 1
15. Im on your side -
116. Lont time no see! -
117. No pain, no gain -
118. Well, it depends -
119. Were all for it -
120. What a good deal! - !
121. What should i do ? - ?
122. You asked for it! -
123. You have my word -
124. Believe it or not! -
125. Dont count on me -
126. Dont fall for it! -
127. Dont let me down -
128. Easy come easy go -
129. I beg your pardon -
130. Ill be back soon -

131. Ill check it out
132. Its a long story
133. Its sunday today
134. Just wait and see!
135. Make up your mind
136. Thats all i need
137. The view is great
138. The wall has ears .
139. There comes a bus
140. What day is today?
141. What do you think? .
142. Who told you that? ?
143. Whos kicking off?
144. Yes i suppose so , .
145. You cant miss it
146. Any messages for me? ?
147. Dont be so modest -
148. DOnt give me that!
149. He is a smart boy
150. He is just a child .
98. I cant help it
99. I dont mean it
100. Ill fix you up
51. I cant follow you
152. I felt sort of ill
153. I have a good idea! .
154. It is growing cool -
155. It seems all right .
156. Its going too far
157. May i use your pen? ?
158. She had a bad cold
159. Thats a good idea .
160. The answer is zero 0.
161. What does she like? ?
162. As soon as possible!
163. He can hardly speak
164. He always talks big
165. He won an election
166. Im a football fan
167. If only i could fly
168. Ill be right there
169. Ill see you at six 6-
170. It is true or false? ? ?
171. Just read it for me
172. Knowledge is power
173. Move out of my way!
174. Time is running out
175. We are good friends
176. Whats your trouble? ? ?
177. You did fairly well!
178. Clothes make the man
179. Did you miss the bus? ?
180. Dont lose your head
181. He cant take a joke
182. He owes my uncle $100 100-
183. How are things going? X ?
184. How are you recently? ?
185. I know all about it
186. It really takes time
187. Its against he law
188. Love me, Love my dog -
189. My mouth is watering
190. Speak louder, please , ?
191. This boy has no job
192. This house is my own
193. What happened to you? ?
194. You are just in time
195. You need to workout
196. Your hand feels cold
197. Dont be so childish
198. Dont trust to chance!
199. Fasten your seat belt
200. He has a large income 6 , H: 10426 ?2013 04- 02 . ?Description: http://futureworks.co.in/knowledgecenter/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/English-Essay-Writing-Tips-2.jpg eee . e v .
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: . , I go to Darhan eyeryday . Did you go to Darhan yesterday? Yes. I went to Darhan yesterday. Are you going to Darhan now? Now, Im not going to Darhan now. Will you go to Darhan tomorrow? Yes. I will go to Darhan tomorrow .

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