Danh sch tr t ting NhtCc tr t/gii t trong ting NhtDi y l bng danh sch tr t ting Nht t trang web Wikipedia - Japanese Articles.SAROMA JCLASS s chuyn dn qua ting Vit.Ngun:Wikipedia - Japanese Articles(Ting Anh)Cc bn hc ting Nht c th dng danh sch di y tra cu ngha ca cc tr t trong ting Nht. Hi vng cc bn s c mt danh sch y tra cu v hc.

Danh sch tr t/gii t ting Nht - Chuyn ng bi SAROMA JCLASS

Tr tCu v dDch

bakari ()Dch thnh: "just, only, full of" ton, ton l, ch ton lDng khi ni: bakkari, bakka

NounDanh tTky wahito bakarida.Tokyo isjust full of people.Tokyo ton l ngi khng.

Verbs (taform)ng t dngtaTabeta bakarida.Ijust ate.Tivanxong.

Verb (teform)ng t dngteKare watabete bakariiruHe'salways eating.Nch tonn.

bakari ka ()Dch thnh:"not only" "khng ch"Theo sau bi sae("ngay c") ch vic g l thng, ng ngc nhin.Gc t:bakari+ka

NounsSofu bakari ka, ssofu sae ikite iru.Not onlyis mygrandfatherliving, but so is my great-grandfather.Khng chng ti cn sng m ngay c c ti cng vn cn sng.

bakashi ()bakashil dng khc cabakari.

dake ()Dch thnh: "ch", gii hn.Dakec chc nng nh danh t.

Nounsrmaji dakeno jishoarmaji-onlydictionarymt cun t inch cch latinh

Verbs (volitional)ng t ( ch)Netai dakenete mo ii.You can sleepas much as you want [to sleep].Bn c th ng bao lu ty thch.

da noDch thnh: "nhng th nh", "loi nh".T gc:da(lin t) +no.Tr t ny t dng hnto ka.Thng dng ch th xu.

Nouns, adjectives, verbsDanh t, tnh t, ng tNatt da no,shfdo da no,wasabi da nonihonshoku ga nigate da.Natto,seafood,wasabiJapanese food isn't my thing.Cc loithc n Nhtnhu tng ln men natto, bin, m tt ti n khng c.

darakeDch thnh: "dnh y", "y". Dng ch nhng th tiu cc.

NounsWatashi no fuku wadoro darake!My clothes arecovered with mud.o tidnh y bn.

deGc t: Dng nh lin t ca "da". "De" c th dng nh ", ti" hay "bng". Dng thay cho "da/desu" khi ni v cu.

Nouns:instrumentPhng tinJitensha deikimash.Let's goby bicycle.ibngxe p i.

Nouns: locationV trKoko deyasumitai.I want to resthere.Ti mun nghy.

Nouns: languageNgn ngNihongo detegami wo kaita.I wrote the letterinJapanese.Ti vit thbngting Nht.

TE form of copula: languageLin t dng "te"kimi gasuki deyokatta Pal, youareloved (and so) I am glad. / I am gladthatIloveyou, pal.Tht haylanh yu em.

de moDch l: "even; or; but, however; also in" ngay c, hay, nhng, tuy nhin, cngGc:de+mo

Nouns, particles: "even" ngay cUch kara de moBanri-no-Chj ga mieru.Even from spaceyou can see the Great Wall of China.Bn c th nhn thy Vn L Tng Thnh ngay c t v tr.

Noun: "or something" hay g khcOcha de mo, ikaga?Would you liketea or something?Anh ung trhay g khc?

Noun: "also in"CngNihon de moeigo o benky suruIn Japan also, we study English. Nht chng ticnghc ting Anh.

"but, however, even so" Nhng, tuy nhinDe mo, watashi wa s omowanaiButI don't think so.Nhng ti khng ngh vy.

ni teL dng trang trng ca "de", cch dng ging ht.

dokoro ka ()Dch: "anything but, far from" "ng ni " "ng ni n" "khi phi ni" (m ...)Gc:dokoro(tokoro: place) +ka

NounsKare wakeisatsukan dokoro ka, hanzaisha da.He'sanything but a policeman; he's a criminal.Hn thng ni nl mt cnh st, m l mt tn ti phm.

eDch: "to, in"; direction "n, v pha" phng hngc l "" nhng vit l (he) ch khng phi l (e)

Nouns: directionNihon eykoso!Welcometo Japan!Cho mngnNht Bn!

gaC chc nng: xc nh ch th (cha xc nh), lin t ("nhng")Ga( or ): Dng ni cc danh t to, trong a danht hng vit l (ke) nhng c l "ga"

Nouns: identifier (answers a silent or asked question)Xc nh ch th (tr li cu hi mc nh hay c hi)Neko gaesa o tabeta.The catate the catfood.[Answers: "What ate the catfood?"]Con mo n thc n. (Tr li cho: "Ci g n thc n?")

Inu gasuki.I likedogs.[Answers: What do you like?]Ti thch ch. (Tr li cho: Anh thch con g?)

Noun: noun connectorNi danh twa gakunimy/our [collective]countrync ta

Fujimi gaOkaFujiViewHilli Ngm Ni Ph S

Seki gaharaGatewayPlainsCnh ng Ca Ng

Phrases: conjunctionLin tInu wa suki daga, neko wa kirai da.I like dogsbutI hatecats.Ti thch chnhngght mo.

hodo ()Dch thnh: "as much as"; upper limit = "bng", gii hn trn

NounsKare hodonihongo ga umakunai.My Japanese isn'tas good as his.Ting Nht ca ti khng giibnganh y.

Adjectives*CngHayai hodoii.The sooner, the better.Cng sm cng tt.

VerbAitsu okoroshitai hodokirai daI hate himenough (to want) to kill him.Ti ght hnti mcmun git hn.

kaChc nng: Dng lm cu hi, "hoc l", "phi khng", c bit dng vid ka("c ... khng")

Nouns, verbs: listing alternativesKore ka,sore ka, dotchika erande yo.This or that, choose one of them.Ci ny hay ci kia, hy chn mt ci i.

Noun, verbs: "whether (or not)" c ... khngIku ka [d ka]wakaranai.I don't know[whether or not / if] he'll go.Ti khng bit anh ta c i [hay khng].

Phrases: questionWakaruka?Do you understand? (informal)C hiu khng?

Din t khng chc chnIku kato omoimasu ga...I thinkhe'll go (but I'm not sure)...Ti nghc thanh ta i.

kaiL "ka" nhng: (1) Hi thn mt (2) Hi mnh bo

ka naDch l: "I wonder" "C phi ... khng nh" (t hi mt cch khng chc chn)Gc:ka+na

PhrasesKare wa ayashii hitoka na.I wonderif he's a suspicious person.Anh y c phi ngi ng nghi khng nh.

karaDch thnh: "from, after, because" t, sau, vKarac th c theo sau bi "no" ni hai danh t.

Nouns: "from, out of""T, k t"Tky karakaetta.He returnedfrom Tokyo.Anh y tr v t Tokyo.

zutto mae karano hanashi

a conversationfrom way backcu chuyn t trc y kh lu

Verb (te form): "after"ng t dng "te" = "Sau khi"Owatte kara, kite kudasai.Please come byafter finishing (after you've finished).Xin hy nsau khikt thc.

Adjectives, Verbs: "because""Bi v"Niku otabenai kara, raamen wa dame daBecause he doesn't eatmeat, ramen is bad (a bad idea).V anh y khng n tht nn m ramen khng c.

ka shiraGing "ka na" nhng thng dng bi ph n.Gc: ka + shira (shira = shiranai l ph nh ca shiru = "bit")

PhrasesKare wa ayashii hitoka shira.I wonderif he's a suspicious person.Khng bit anh ta c phi ngi ng nghi khng nh.

kedo"Nhng""kedo" l dng ngn ca dng lch s hn l "keredomo". Dng lch s trung gian l "keredo", "kedomo".

Adjectives, verbsKanojo wahen da kedokirei da.She isstrange butpretty.C y rt k l nhng xinh p.

kiri ()"Ch""kiri" t dng hn "dake", thng dng vi "no"

Nounsfutari kirino o-misea shop withjust two people[who work there]ca hng ch c hai ngi

koro/goro ()Ngha: "around, about, approximately" "khong, vo khong, xp x""koro" c chc nng nh danh t v c th c theo sau bi "no"

NounsSan-ji goroni aimash.Let's meetaround 3 o'clock.Chng ta gp vo khong 3 gi nh.

kosoC chc nng nhn mnh ("chnh")

PhrasesV cuKy koso, yaru zo!Today, I'm going to do it!Chnh t hm nay, ti s lm!

Kimi ga suki da kara kosokore hodo ganbatte iru n da yo.It's precisely because I like youthat I'm working this hard.Chnhv anh yu em nn anh mi c gng n th ny.

Kochira koso, yoroshiku onegai shimasu.Nice to meet you,too. (Emphasizesthis sideorme too)Chnhti mi vui khi gp bn.

kurai/gurai ()Ngha: "about, approximately" khong, xp x"kurai" c chc nng nh danh t v c th c theo sau bi "no"

NounsJuppun kuraikakaruIt takesabout 10 minutes.Mt khong 10 pht.

made ()Ngha: "up to, until, as far as" cho ti, ti, n khiCh thi gian hay ni ch gii hn.

Nouns (ni ch, thi gian)Kono densha wa,Shimonoseki madeikimasu.This train goesas far as Shimonoseki.Chuyn tu ny itiShimonoseki.

VerbKaeru madematte iru.I'll waituntil you come home.Ti s iti lcanh v.

made ni ()Ngha: "by (a certain time)" "cho ti trc" (thi im no )Gc:made+ni

Nouns, verbsKu-ji made nikaeru.I'll come homeby nine o'clock.Ti s v nh trc 9 gi.

me ()me( only): tr t ch th tme( only): "Damn..."; abusive/pejorative = Dng chi ra

Classifier nouns: Th tAmerika wanikai medesu.This is mysecond timeto America.y l ln th hai ti ti M.

Noun: abusive "damn..."Orokamono me![You]damnfool! ngu!

mo"Cng"Mothay th "wa" v "ga" nhng c th theo sau tr t khc.

Nouns, phrasesWatashi ni mokureta.She gave someto me, too.C y cng a cho ti na.

mono/monVerb + mono (): To danh t t ng t (mono = , vt)/ cui cu: thng c ph n dng nh; nh l mt cch ni n tnh hay nhng nho.

With verbsVi ng tNomimonoDrink ung

TabemonoFood n

IkimonoLiving thingSinh vt

At the end of a sentence cui cu"Doushite konakatta no?" "Jugy ga atta mono.""Why didn't you come?" "I had class.""Sao bn khng n?" "C lpm."

"Doushite konakatta no?" "Jugy ga atta mon.""Why didn't you come?" "I had class,hah.""Sao bn khng n?" "T c lpm."

mono deNgha nh "no de" ("bi v ...")

mono ka/mon-ka/Dng cui cu, nhn mnh ph nh = "Chng l ~", "Khng l li ~". (Mm hn : /)

At the end of sentencesCui cuMakeru-monka!!I will not surrender!Chng l lichu thua?

Dare ga anna tokoro-e nido to iku-mondesuka!!Who dares to go to the place like that at the second time!Khng l lic ai dm n mt ni nh vy ln na?

mono nara ()Nu (ti/chng ta/...) c th

mono oDng trong v cu ch s nui tic v vic g l ra phi lm m khng lm.

PhrasesV cu"Sukida" to hito koto it-te kure-sae shi-tara kekkon deki-tamono o...""...If I said "I like you" ,even now we would get married...Nu ch cn anh ni vi em "Anh yu em" th c l chng ta ly c nhau.

na and naa(v )Na( dng ring): dng vi tnh t "-na" (tnh t c vai tr nh danh t) (xemna-adjectives). Dng c hn canaisnaru() dng tng t (Danh t + "naru" + danh t).nai sau ng t nguyn dng th din t mnh lnh khng c lm g ("Khng c... ").Khi dng vi ng t "masu" ( b "masu") th din t hy lm g (v d tabe-na = tabe-nasai).N cng dng sau danh t v trc tr t khc m khng ng sau danh t c ni (v dno de-> N + na no de).

Nahaynaa cui cu l mt bin th cane, dng t thoi.

Verbng tSuru-naDon'tdo (something).ng lm.

Tabe-naDoeat /Pleaseeat.n i. (= Tabenasai)

Na-adjectivesTnh t "na"hen nahitoastrangepersonmt ngi k l

PhrasesV cuHen dana!Howstrange!L tht!

nado ()"for example, things like, such as, etc., and so on""v d nh, chng hn, vn vn"C chc nng nh mt danh t v c th theo sau bino.

NounsNatt yakabuki nadowa Nihon dake ni aru.Things likenatto and kabuki are only in Japan.Nhng th nhu tng ln men natto v ca v kch kabuki ch c Nht Bn.

nanka/nante ()Chc nng: nhn mnh s kh chu, khinh mit hoc cc cm gic tiu cc khc ca ngi ni.Nantelch s hnnankamt cht.

NounsJogen nankairanai.I don't need any(damn) advice.Tichngcn li khuyn no.

VerbOyogu nantedekinai.I can'tswim.Ti chng bi c.

Adjectiveskiku nantenai kedo, kirei da.It's notbig [or anything], but it's clean.Chng ln, nhng sch.

nara"Nu", ch iu kinL dng gi nh hay iu kin ca t lin h "da". Dng lch s hn l "naraba".

Nouns, adjectives, verbs, phrasesAtsui nara, eakon o tsuketeIf you're hot, turn on the air conditioner.Nu nng th bt iu ha ln.

ne"nh", "nh" dng cm thn, tm kim ng tnhC th dng u cu gi thu ht s ch .

PhrasesKimi wa kashikoi yo ne.You're pretty smart, aren't you.Bn tht l thng minh nh.

Kakk ii desu ne.That's pretty neat, eh?p trai nh!

Ne, ima nanji?Hey, what time is it?Ny, my gi ri?

ni"ti, n, , ti, vo lc"Ch phng hng hnh ng, ch phng hngLm trng t bng cch theo sau tnh t ui "na"

Noun: locationa imGakk niiru.I'mat/in school.Ti angtrng hc.

Noun: directionPhng hngGakk niiku.I'm goingto school.Ti ititrng.

Noun: indirect object -Phng hng hnh ngOre nikaese.Give it backto me.Tr lichotao.

Noun: passive agentCh th b ngKa nisasareta.I was bittenby a mosquito.Tibmui cn.

Noun, verbs (stem only): purpose, intentMc chEiga omi niiku.I'm goingto seea movie.Ti i xem phim.

To trng t t tnh t "na"teinei,teinei nipolite,politelylch s, mt cch lch s

ni wa"i vi, vi, , ti"Gc:ni+wa(always written )wal tr t ch .Dng nhn mnh ("wa" = "th").

Nouns: "for""Vi"Shichimi wa,watashi ni wakara-sugiru.Shichimi is too spicyfor me. (i.e., "youmight like it, butI'mnot touching it.")Shichimithqu cayviti.

Noun: "in, to"""Kyto ni wahana ga aru.There are flowersin Kyto.(Lit.:As for in Kyto, there are flowers.)Kyotothc hoa.

noFunctions as: possession indicator, noun link, topic marker (subordinate clauses), nominalizationChc nng: ch s hu, ni danh t, nh du ch v ph, danh t haKhi danh t ha ton b v cu, "no" c th c chc nng nh mt s nhn mnh hay mt cu hi ty theo cch ln xung ging. "no" thng c ph n dng cui cu.

Nouns: possession ex. a - S husensei nokurumathe teacher'scarxe ca c gio

Noun: possession ex. b - S huwatashi nokonpyuutaMycomputerMy tnh ca ti

Noun: possession ex. c - S huanata noshukudaiyourhomeworkbi tp ca bn

Noun: linkingNi danh tkuruma noToyotaToyota the car [company]Xe hi Toyota

Danh t: nh du ch th trong v phKare notsukutta kki wa oishikatta.The cake thathemade was tasty.Ci bnh anh y lm rt ngon.

i-adjectives: nominalizationDanh t ha tnh t "i"Yasui nowa, kore.This isthe cheap[er] one.Ci r tin l ci ny.

Verb: nominalizationDanh t ha ng tTaberu noga daisuki.I loveeating.Ti rt thchvicn.

Phrases: nominalizationDanh t ha v cuM,tabeta no?Have you eaten yet?Anh n ri ?

Kurumana no?Is it a car?L mt chic xe hi ?

Kare ni m ageta noyo!I already gave it to him!Ti a n cho anh ta ri!

no de"bi v", "v" (nguyn nhn)Gc:no+de ngn ng ni,no dethng ni tt thnhn de.

PhrasesV cuTesuto gaaru no de, ikenai.Because I havea test, I can't go.V ti c kim tra nn khng i c.

Gakk na no de, kin'en da.Because this is a schoolit's no smoking.V l trng hc nn cm ht thuc.

nomi"ch, ch c"

Nomil dng lch s trang trng v t dng hndake. Khc vidake, n ch c ngha ch s t hay tn s t.

NounsT-ten de wa,Nihon en nomigo-riy itadakemasu.This store acceptsJapanese Yen only.Ca hng chng ti ch chp nhn tin Yn.

no niTranslates to: "despite, although, even though; would have; in order to""Mc d, d" " (lm g)", "L ra phi ( lm g ), gi m"Gc:no+ni

Danh t v tnh t "na" phi theo sau bi "na" trc tr t ny.

No nic ngha mnh hnkedokhi dng ch "mc d", v ch s luyn tic trong cch dng "l ra ~".

Adjectives, verbs: "although"Mc dBenky shiteiru no ni, eigo ga hanasenai.Although I am studying, I can't speak English.D ang hc nhng ti khng th ni ting Anh.

L ra, Gi mKaette kitara,yokatta no ni.Itwould have been niceif you had come home.Gi m bn v y nh.

Verb (plain form): "in order to"""Hikkosu no nitorakku ga hitsuy da.(In order) to move, you need a truck. chuyn nh ti cn xe ti ln.

oC chc nng: i tng trc tip

Ngha: "i qua, vt qua (ch dng vi ng t di chuyn)"

Tr t ny khng lin quan ti dng lch s ca t ngo, vit l hay .

Nouns: direct objecti tng trc tipNeko gaesa otabeta.The cat atethe food.Con mo n thc n.

Noun: through, etc. (motion) "i qua"Sora otobuflythrough the skybayquabu tri

sa/saaChc nng: Tr t cui cu ca nam gii, ch s gii thch mt s tht r rng. N mm hn "yo".Saa: Tr t cui cu n gii, dng ging "ne" nhng thng dng nh l ngn ng ni.

Phrases: masculinesaNam giiKanojo wa inai kara, dansu ni ikanaisa.I don't have a girlfriend, so I'm not going to the dance.Ti khng c bn gi nn chng i nhy m u.

Phrases:saaKinsaa, gakk desaa, sensei nisaa, chi saretesaa, ch mukatsuita.Likeyesterday, inlikeschool, Ilikegot fussed at bylikesome teacher, and it totally made me sick.Hm qua h, trng, ti b thy gio nhc, bc mnh lm.

saeSae: "ngay c" ngha c phn trng vi "mo".Saedin t s nhn mnh rng bng chng vt qu c s k vng ban u. C th c theo sau bi "mo" nhn mnh thm. i ngc vi "sura".

NounsKanji saekakeru.He canevenwritekanji.N c th vit c kanji.

de sae"ngay c"de + saeDe saethay thwavga, ging "de mo" trn.

NounsSonna koto wasaru de saedekiru.Even a monkeycan do that.Chuyn ngay c mt con kh cng lm c.

sae...ba/raChc nng: "sae" i vi ng t dng iu kin ngha l "ch cn".

NounsKore sae nomeba, futsukayoi ga naoru yo.If youwould just drink this, your hangover would get better.Ch cnung ci ny l s ht b mt do say ru ngay.

shiNi cu, ngha l "v va", "li", "li va"

Adjectives, verbsTnh t, ng tKirei da shi,hiroi shi, ii ne, kono apaato!It's clean, it's spacious; this apartment is nice, isn't it!N va sch, li rng, phng thu ny c y nh.

shika"Ch, ch c"Shikaphi theo sau bi ng t ph nh.

Shikac th dng ghp vidakeshika,kirishika, vnomishika(thm ng t ph nh) nhn mnh s gii hn v s lng hay tn .

NounsIchi en dama shikanai.I havejust a one-yen coin.Ti ch c ng 1 yn.

VerbYbin-kyoku niiku shikanai.Theonly thing[to do] is to go to the post office.Ch c cch i ti bu in.

sura"Ngay c"Ngha trng lp vi "mo". "Sura" thng nhn mnh ph nh bng c vt qua s k vng. i lp vi "sae".

NounsKanji surakakenai.He can'tevenwritekanji.N khng th vit ngay c kanji.

to"v" (lin kt); "vi", cng vi"; "nu"; trch dn.

Nouns: conjunctionLin ktsore tokorethat andthisci v ci ny

Nouns: conjunctionsore tokore to that orthisci hay ci ny

Verbs: transition/state changeChuyn tip, chuyn trng thitaiyokei dasshutsue tochikazuite itta They were getting closeto the point ofleaving theSolarSystem.H i ti gn im thot khi h Mt Tri.

Noun: prepositionBoku toikitai?Do you want to gowith me?Em mun i vi anh khng?

Verb, adjectives: "if""Nu"Benky suru towakaru.If you study, you'll understand.Nu bn hc th bn s hiu.

Any phrase: quotationTrch dnUmi made! tosakenda."To the sea!"he cried."i ti bin!" anh y ht ln.

to kaC chc nng lit k nh "nado". Thng dng vi t hi "nani" (ci g) trong dng "nantoka" (th g ).Gc: "to" + "ka"

NounsKani to ka, hotate to ka,zenbu tabeta yo.We hadcrab, scallops, [other stuff,]we ate them all.Ti n ht mi th nh cua, s ip.

to mo ()Tomo(): "c hai, cng nhau, cng"To mo(khng kanji): "ngay c khi, mc d; ~ nht; d ~ hay khng; [nhn mnh]"

If following a noun and used with a negative verb, meaning changes to "none".Etymology:to+mo

Counted nounsDanh t mWatashi wa, aitsura gafutari tomokirai da.I hate theboth ofthose guys.Ti ght c hai thng .

Zannen nagara, sono kuruma wasan dai tomoirimasen.Unfortunately, we neednone ofthosethreecars.Tht khng may l ti khng cn c ba chic xe .

Volitional verbsng t chDshiy to moamari susumanai.No matterhowwe try [to do something], we don't make much progress.Cho d chng ta c lm th no th cng khng tin ln c my.

Trng t ca tnh t "i"Sukunaku to mogo-j mairu aruite kita.We walkedat leastfifty miles [to get here].Chng ti i b t nht 50 dm.

Osoku to moitte miy yo.Even if it's late, let's go and check it out.D mun th chng ta cng i xem th i.

ng t (i km ng t ph nh)Kau to mo kawanai to mohakkiri shite imasen.It isn't clearwhether they're going to buy or not.Khng r h mua hay khng mua.

Verb, adjectivesng t, tnh tWaratte ii to mo.It's okay to laugh.C th ci.

Ikimasen to mo.As if I would go.Cho d khng i.

tte l dng khc cato. l dng ngn caitte(), dng tip din caiu(), "ni"; chc nng ca n l trch dn.N c th dng trch dn li ni trc tip hay gin tip v i khi ch nhn mnh mt t hay khi nim.ttel dng sung s. Nu bn mun ni lch s th phi dngto iimasuthay vtte.

Any phraseSugu kimasu tteCould be, "He said he'll come soon" (more politely) or, "He said, 'I'll come soon.'" (less so). ni ls ti ngay.

Arabiago tte, muzukashikunai?"Arabic, huh, isn't that difficult?" (emphasizing a word or concept thoughtfully)Ting Arp, khng kh sao? (nhn mnh t hoc khi nim)

ttebaC chc nng nh du nhn mnh, c bit khi ngi ni ht kin nhn = " bo l""te" + "ba"

Trch dn v cukh datteba!I said "coffee"! bo l c ph!

wawal t nh du ch .

wawathng dng cui cu bi n gii din t cm xc.

yaYadng lit k danh sch khng y . to danh sch y th dng "to".= "nhng th nh"

Watashi no suki na tabemono wa okashi ya pan ya mikan nado desu"I like snacks, bread and tangerines." n yu thch ca ti l nhng th nh bnh ko, bnh m v cam".

yaraBiu th hoc khng chc chn hoc s lit k.

yoYoi cui cu to s khng nh ("y", "y", "u). So snh vizovzedi y.Yoi khi s dng sau danh t nh l t gi. Thng dng trong din vn c, th ca.

Kaeru yo!"I'm going home!"Ti v y!

Saraba, tomo yo"Farewell, oh friend!"Tm bit nh bn ca ti.

yoriYoric th c ngha l "t", v thng dng to s so snhYorithng c vit bng hiragana .

Kono densha-wa, Kashiwa-yori saki, kaku eki-ni tomarimasu"This train will stop at every station after Kashiwa".Chuyn tu ny s dng mi gatga Kashiwa.

Dare-yori-mo kanemochi-ni naritai"I want to become richer than anyone (else)".Ti mun tr nn giu chntt c nhng ngi khc.

zezech s khng nh. Dng ch yu bi nam gii v l dng khng lch s. So snh viyovzo.

zozoch s khng nh.Dng ch yu bi nam gii v c coi l t mnh bo v d nghe hnze. So snh viyovze trn.

zutsuZutsungha l "mi" v theo sau bi danh t c m.

Noun: countedDanh t: mChokorto-o ni-ko-zutsu tabemashitaI ate two pieces of each (kind of) chocolate.Ti n s c la hai ci mt.

zoi"Dc theo", thng c theo sau bi "ni"

Danh tTri zoini aruku.Walkalong the street.Ti idc theocon ng.

QUN NGTr tCu v dDch

j"T trn quan im", "T cch nhn"

NounsDanh tRekishi jwa, tadashii to omoimasu.From a historical point of view, I think you're right.T quan im lch s th ti ngh anh ng.

chTranslates to: "in progress, in the midst of, now doing""Trong khi, trong lc, ang (lm g)"

NounsDanh tTadaima,denwa chdesu.He'son the phoneright now.Anh yanggi in thoi.

jTranslates to: "throughout, all across"; often followed byde"Sut, trong sut, c, ton b"

Nouns: timeThi gianIchi nichi jshigoto shimasu.I'll workall day long.Ti s lm viccngy.

Nouns: placea imAmerika jde hayatte iru.It's getting popularall over America.N rt thnh hnhtrong sutnc M.

kata/gata ()Chc nng to s nhiu cho mt s i danh t, l dng lch s nht so vi cc dng khc nh "ra" (khng lch s) v "tachi" (thng thng).

i t nhn xng:To s nhiuAnata gatano okage de, yoi seiseki o ageraremashita.Thanks toyou (folks), we have achieved success.Nh ccc vm chng ti thu c thnh qu.

Danh t ch ngiSensei gatani tasukete moraimashita.The teachershelped me.Cc thy c gip ti.

ra ()To s nhiu cho i danh t, l dng t lch s nht so vi "kata/gata" v "tachi".

i t nhn xng:To s nhiuBoku rawa ikanai.Wewon't go.Chng ti khng i.

i t ni chn:Khu vc xp xKoko rahen ga itai.It hurtsaround here [hereabouts].Ti au quanh ch ny.

tachi ()To s nhiu vi i t v danh t, l dng lch s mc thng thng.

Danh t:To s nhiuSensei tachiga kita.Theteacherscame.Cc thy c gio ti.

i t:To s nhiuWatashi tachiwa raish kaeru.Wewill return next week.Chng ti s v vo tun sau.

Tn ring: To nhmSaiaku no ko wa,Okada tachida.The worst kids areOkada and the others in that group.Nhng a tr h nht l nh Okada.

Phn bitwavgaXem thm cc bi v tr t ting Nht ca SAROMA LANGbn di.Phn bitnivde"ni" l "ci g u " cn "de" l "lm g u " (hnh ng).Xem thm cc bi v tr t ting Nht ca SAROMA LANGbn di.Phn bitnive"ni" l "i ti u " (vo trong ch ) cn "e" l "i v pha u " (khng nht thit phi vo).Xem thm cc bi v tr t ting Nht ca SAROMA LANGbn di.Phn bitnivto"ni" l tr nn th no v dng ti cn "to" l tr nn nh vy v cn tip din.Xem thm cc bi v tr t ting Nht ca SAROMA LANG bn di.

Phn bit "ga"v "o"Trong mt s trng hp ga v o c th thay th nhau.V d: Ti mun n cm. (Trng hp mun lm g ) Anh yu em.

Phn bit "to" v "ya""To" dng lit k danh sch y cn "ya" dng lit k danh sch khng y . V d:Ti v anh y s i.ng qun mang my th nh my tnh vi in thoi.

Cc phn khc v tr t (gii t) ting Nht:Tr t ting Nht, c g kh u?? Phn 1: WA v GACho cc bn, hm nay ti s ni vtr t trong ting Nht.Th lm bn thy kh hiu nht c l l"wa" v "ga". Thc ra ti hc trong trng ngoi ng nhng khng thy gio vin no gii thch c r rng s khc nhau. H thng ch gii thch l "wa" l nhn mnh ch ng, cn "ga" l nhn mnh v ng. Ti thykhng hn nh vy, m "wa" v "ga" c chc nng ng php khc nhau. Di y, ti s gii thch tht n gin, r rng cho cc bn v "wa" v "ga".

v Khi no dng "wa", khi no dng "ga"?Bn thyc vnh l "wa" v "ga" c th dng thay th cho nhau m ngha khng thay i v ngi nghe vn hiu c. Qu tht l ngi nghe s hiu, bi v thc ra nu bn lc b bt tr t th da vo ni dung ngi nghe vn phn on c ni dung nhng bn s SAI. V d, bn bit hai cu sau khc nhau nh th no khng?

(1) (2)

Hai cu trn c v nh c cng ngha, nhng thc ra khng phi. Cu (1) l cu ng, n l mtCU K. Cn cu (2) nu ng n c th l mt cu SAI, cu (2)CH C TH L CU TR LIcho mt cu hi v ch th.

"wa" dng choCU K

[Ch th]wa[tnh cht]/[hnh ng]V d:C y tht tuyt nh.Co co ang bay qua rung la.

(

"ga" dng choCU TR LIca cu hi v ch thTr li v d trn:(1) (2) Thc ra cu (1) l cu k li s kin, cn (2) khng phi l cu ng mt mnh. N lCU TR LIcho cu hi:Ai n to?L ti n to.(Cc v d khc:(A)Nagazuki: Hay nh.Suika-chan: Ci g hay ?Nagazuki: Tm bng .(

(B)-Ai l b Da Hu?-C b kia l Da Hu .

-Ci g th c?-To th c y.

n y c l bn thys khc nhau vCHC NNG NG PHPca "wa" v "ga". "wa" v "ga" cn cc chc nng ng php khc m ti s ni vi bn di y.

"wa" dng cho CU, "ga" dng cho V CU

"wa" dng cho cu hon chnh c dng sau:

[Ch th][tnh cht]/[hnh ng]

Co co chin ngon thit.Si Gn l mt trong nhng thnh ph hoa l trn th gii.Nhn dn l nhng ngi lm nn lch s.

"ga" to nn v cu dng:

[ch th][tnh cht]/[hnh ng] {koto/mono}

V d:Vic anh ta lmTh b Da Hu vitiu nhy v cng nhyNhng th c y a cho tiNhng ph n c gng mt p

Bn hy xem cu sau:

Cu ny l mt cu ng, v l mt cuK S KIN, nhng li dng "ga"??Thc ra, nu bn dch l:

Anh y bit vic lm.

th bn khng hiu ngha cu trn. Cu ny thc ra phi dch l:

Ti bit vic anh ta lm.

Bi v, trong cu ting Nht, ch ng ("ti") c n i. Cu y ca cu trn l:

Do bn c th thy ch l mt v cu, n to nn mt cm c tnh cht danh t, lm i tng cho hnh ng "bit" ca ch th "ti" (m c n i).Bn c th thy ng php ca cu nh sau:

[](Ch th n)[v cu lm i tng ca hnh ng] [hnh ng]

Do chng ta nn nh theo cch sau:"GA" dng cho V CUV d:C y c th rt gn gng.Anh y rt thng minh.Ti au u qu.Tm vi ny hoa vn p nh.Du lch Nht Bn mc tin.Anh y c bit vic qu nh gp ng t ln khng?Anh thi tht v l.

T vng:

"WA" c th B N theo ch ng ("ti")V d:Ti bit c y l mt ngi ph n p y.Ti khng bit l ma Si Gn tht lng mn.Ti c th nu cm. Ti c th ht bi ny. C y khng bit nu cm. (Khng n ch ng)

T vng:[m nhn]

HT PHN 1Tr t ting Nht, c g kh u?? Phn 2: Dng WA v GA nhn mnh i tng""(WA) c th dng thay "" (WO) nhn mnh i tngWA = "th", "l" trong ting VitWA kt hp vi GA nhn mnh i tng (= nhn mnh CH )

V d:

A: Vn nyths lm th no?B: Vn ny ti s gii quyt.

Bn c th thy l "" v "Vn ny" c t ln trc mc d n l i tng ca hnh ng, nhm mc ch nht mnh.

Thng thng s phi l:A: Chng ta lm th no vi vn ny?B: Ti s gii quyt vn ny. on hi thoi trn, chng ta thy khng c s nhn mnh vo i tng.

V d 2:A: Thc n l ai n?B: Da hu l ti n.

V d 3:Ci ti lm cho.Trong trng hp a i tng ln nhn mnh, th ch th s c theo sau bi "GA". Cc bn hy xem ng php di y thy vic kt hp "WA" v "GA" nhn mnh i tng:

Cu thng thng:[Ch th] [i tng] [hnh ng]

Cu nhn mnh:[i tng] [ch th] [hnh ng]

Chng ta c th thy ting Vit cng o i tng ln trc nhn mnh (thng dng tr t "th"), v d:Thtthtreo ln, cn gothnh y li nh.(So snh: Con treo tht ln v y go li nh.)

Bnh ko l ai mua vy?(So snh: Ai mua bnh ko vy?)

Chng ta c th thy, trong ting Vit, o i tng ln nhn mnh thng l:1) Trong cu hi2) Khi ang ni tip ni dung t trc (v d ang dn d vic ct thc n th ni "Tht th treo ln").

Cn GA ()? Thng dng cho qun ng (cm t c dng theo thi quen).Hy xem v d sau:Tri ang ma rt to.(=

Cc hin tng thin nhin nh (tri ma), (, tri gi, gi thi), (, tri tuyt, tuyt ri), , sm rn, sm ku), (, c tia st) th dng GA v chng c coi l mt cm t i vi nhau hn l mt cu k. Nh trong ting Vit chng ta thng ni "Tri ang ma", "Tri c gi", ... theo thi quen.

Ch l furu y lhnh ng t thn (= t ng t)ca amech khng phi lhnh ng tc ng ln i tng (= tha ng t)no . cng l l do m GA c s dng.Cc bn c th nh theo quy tc (mc d phn bit hai dng khng phi d):Hnh ng t thn: Dng GA ()V d:Cm chn ri. / dekiagaruHnh ng tc ng ln i tng: Dng WA () v WO ()V d:Ti nu cm ri. (taku = thi cm, nu cm)Tr t ting Nht, c g kh u?? Phn 3: NO, DE, NI NO = "ca" trong ting Vit, s hu cchV d: = Tin ca ti (=okane) = Bn gi ca ti (=kanojo) = Bn trai ca ti (=kare)

NO dng to b ngha (N + "no" + N: Danh t + "no" + Danh t)y l tr t n gin nht, tuy nhin vn c nhiu ngi c th dch sai do dch u.V d: Bn bit hai cm sau khc g nhau khng?(=yoru)Nhiu ngi dch c hai l "m Si Gn", nhng cm th hai khng phi nh vy. Cn phi nh l cm t th 2, "Si Gn" l ch , ch khng phi l "m", "m" ch l t b ngha..Phi dch l: = m Si Gn (Saigon's night) = Si Gn v m (Saigon by night)(Dch nguyn ngha theo ch ca l "Si Gn ca bui m".)

V d:Tr li tin cho tao! l bn gi ca ti. Xin ng ng vo.

,

DE (1) = "bng" (ch phng tin)V d:Ti s i bng xe but ti trng (Ti s i xe but ti trng.)Cu y ang sinh sng bng c m tr thnh ha s.Bn thn ca ti ang sng bng vic bn v s.thn husinh hot

DE (2) = " trong", "ti" (chhnh ngbn trong mt ni no )V d:Chng ti i do cng vin trung tm.(ch hnh ng "i do" din ra bn trong cng vin trung tm.)Chng mnh sng trn sng Si Gn i!c m ca ti l to lp s nghip Si Gn.

trung tm cng vintn b xuyn khi nghip

NI (1) = "", " trong", " ti" (ch mt th trong mt ni no )V d:Tin c t sn trong ngn ko.V p ca quc gia nm trong nhn dn.im c sc ca tranh anh y v l nm cch phi mu.

Vy th NI (= trong, ) c g khc DE (= trong, ti)?Khc bit l DE l ch "hnh ng din tra trong mt ni no ", cn NI l ch "mt th nm trong mt ni no ":Ti va i do b sng v. b sng hoa ang n rt nhiu.

quc gia quc dn c sc NI (2) = "ti", "cho", "vi" (ch s hng ti i tng no )V d:Ti i b ti cng vin trung tm.(Ch hnh ng "i b" ti ch n l "cng vin trung tm".)Ti mun th l vi c y tm lng i m.Ti mun a thanh on kim ny cho quc vng.Anh c u t vn vo kinh doanh ca cu y khng?

i m tm co bch quc vng on kim t kim u tTr t ting Nht, c g kh u?? Phn 4: HE (), KARA, WO (), TO bi vit ny ti s gii thiu vi cc bn cch s dng cc tr t (hay gii t) ting Nht: HE (), KARA, WO (), TO.

**************************** HE (): (1) [hng] ti, v pha; (2) [a] cho; (3) [hnh ng/suy ngh/tnh yu...] viVit l "he" nhng c l "".HE ch mt hnh ng hng v pha no , hay a cho ai , hay l hnh ng, suy ngh hng v mt ai .V d: HE (1): Phng hng:Ch : NI cng dng ch phng hng, nhng NI l "n v ang ni "; cn HE l "ang i v pha ni no ".Ti ang i v pha h Con Ra.Chng ta hy i ln pha thng ngun con sui.

quy tr tuyn thng lu phng

HE (2):a cho ai: (=NI)Lu ri ti mi li gi th cho bn thn.

thn hu

HE (3):Hnh ng, suy ngh hng ti i tng no :(Ch :Khng th dng "ni" trong trng hp ny m phi dng "he" din t tru tng.)Tnh yu vi em yu du c l s l mi mi.Tnh yu ca chng ta vi Si Gn l th bt dit.Em khng th no xa i nhng ngh v anh.Anh y lun lun c s yu thch li sng ca dn du mc.

qun luyn vnh vin i tnh bt dit du mc dn

HE v NI khc g nhau khi ch phng hng?Chng c khc nhau, bn hy xem so snh cui bi ny.

**************************** KARA: (1) T [u n]; (2) nhn g t ai (c th ln tru tng)

KARA (1) = "T ..."Ti va hi hoa qu t rng v.Cu c t h nng n i!Ca hng lm vic t 10 gi sng ti 9 gi ti.Xin cho! Hng khuyn mi hm nay c gi t 190 yn.Nhit Si Gn l t 25 ti 35 .

sm ng h triu d thi doanh nghip vin n

KARA (2) =T ai (C th hocTru tng)Ti nhn quyn sch gi l "Con ng b o" t anh y.Thi hc cp 3, ti nhn c rt nhiu s ng vin tr thnh ha s ca thy gio c.Em tt nghip c hm nay chnh l nh s hng dn tn tnh ca c.

b o o bn cao hiu thi i n s ha gia tt nghip tin sinh thn thit ch o

KARA v NI:NI c th thay th KARA khi dng theo ngha nhn g t ai (tru tng); hnh ng s l: morau (nhn), itadaku (nhn, dng lch s), ukeru (nhn). Cc cu tru tng trn u c th thay KARA bng NI m ngha khng h thay i. L do: NI c th dng theo ngha tru tng ch hnh ng hng ti ai . Tuy nhin, vic a cho ai ci g th ch c th dng NI ch khng th dng KARA.V d c th ni:Ti a quyn sch cho anh y.Ch khng th ni: "Kare kara ...." v y l vic a quyn sch i ch khng phi nhn v.

**************************** WO (): (1) i tng cch; (2) [i] ngang qua..., [bay] ngang qua...c l "", cch vit la tinh (roomaji): wo.WO (1): i tng cchDng WO din t hnh ng ln mt i tng th chc l ai hc ting Nht cng bit.V d:Thng ngy m say m chi tr chi qun in t "Chi l khng dng"khng tic thi gian. thi gian nht dTuy nhin, ti s gii thiu vi cc bn cch dng WO m cc bn c th cha bit, v cch ny kh hay:

WO (2): [i, bay, ...] ngang qua ...

Chng ti i qua cu khng kh khn g.Mnh chy qua rng i!Chu chu ang bay qua rung la.Cu (3) ngha l chu chu bay qua rung la, bay vt qua hn ch khng phi l "bay trn rung la" hay l "bay t rung la" hay "bay n rung la" hay "bay v pha rung la". y chu chu bay ra khi rung la.

kh lao kiu

**************************** TO: (1) "rng..."; (2) [ln, tr nn,...] n; (3) [nu ...] th ...

TO (1): "rng..."

Anh ta sau khi thc thu m chi mt trc xong sng nay ni rng "Mt trc khng c g hay".Trn tng c vit ch (rng) "Em yu anh!".

trit d

TO (3): [nu ...] th...

R sang phi s c bu in.

Theo bo ch th my phng x ang lan rng.

Nhit tng cao th lng s dng in s tng t bin.

tn vn phng x vn in kh s dng lng

TO (2): [ln, tr nn,...] n

TO v NI u ch s tng, s tr nn mt mc no , v d:Nhit tngln40 .Nhit tngti40 .Kare wa rippana jinbutsu ni natta.Anh y tr thnh mt nhn vt ln lao.Anh y tr nn mt nhn vt ln lao.Nhng iu khc bit c bn l "NI" ch vic ln n mc no v dng , cn TO th ch qu trnh cn tip din na. V d:Nhit tng ln 40 .(Nhit tng ti 40 v ang dng ch khng tng thm.)Nhit tng ti 40 .(Ngha l nhit tng ti 40 v s cn tng tip.)

nhn vt

CH PHNG HNG - A IM: DE, NI, HE, WO KHC NHAU TH NO?

Ti i docng vin trung tm.(Ngha l hnh ng i do din ra bn trong cng vin.)

Ti i dovocng vin trung tm.(Ti i do, v ch n l cng vin trung tm.)

Ti i dov phacng vin trung tm.(i v pha cng vin, khng nht thit l phi ti , m cng c th vo trong hay i vt qua )

Ti i doquacng vin trung tm.(i xuyn qua ra ngoi cng vin.)Cc bn c th xem hnh minh ha sau d hnh dung:Ch l trng hp HE ("v pha") ch n c th l (1) Ca hng ko (kashi-ya) - cha n cng vin, (2) Phun nc (funsui) - trong cng vin, hay (3) Tr chi - qua bn kia cng vin.Tr t ting Nht, c g kh u?? Phn 5: Sao nhiu "WA" th? - NO to b nghaWA ngha l "th" trong ting Vit, dng nhn mnh ch thWA l tr t hay c dng m cho trng t thi gian (v d thay v ni " ima" th dng "ima wa"), trng t ni chn (v d thay v "" th ni "") v dng cho nhiu trng hp khc, v d:Tuyt thng tcriltan chy.V ton hcthti chng bit g c.i hcthti chng mun i to no.Cng tythmun b qu.Trn hc i chithth no? hiu, bit b trn, bng chi

WA = "TH": Nhn mnh vo cm t trc y, "WA" c chc nng nhn mnh vo cm t trc n, n ging ch "TH" trong ting Vit. V d:- Ting Nhtthbn mun hc khng?- Ting Nhtthth v, nhng kh lm.

Gith nhn thy hai i ang vo sn.Vi t cch hc sinhthkhng th ng tuyn cng vic ny c. Nht Bnthni Ph S l ni p nht.

hai i nhp trng vo sn nhn thy t cch ng m ng tuyn ph s sn nht phin

Hay bn cng c th nhn mnh bt c th g, nhng c l s lm cho ngi nghe b hn lon v ch nh c nhng th m bn khng nhn mnh:By giththeo cch nhn ca tith Nht Bnthso snh vi ngy xathcm c sngthkhng ngon lm nh.Nhng l cch ni lng cng ch gy au u cho ngi nghe m chng ta nn trnh!

cch nhn ngy xa, ngy trc so snh susi=cm c sng ngon

Di y ti xin gii thiu vic to b ngha trong ting Nht s dng "NO".

NO dng to b nghaV d: Bn c bit Nm c c Nm cc g khc nhau?V ngha chung th chng gn ging nhau, nhng cm trn th "doku ga aru = c c" l mt v ring, cn v di "doku no aru = c c" l mt cm b ngha cho "kinoko". Cc bn nn s dng "doku no aru kinoko" v nh vy ngi c hay ngi nghe s bit n l mt cm t vi t chnh l "nm" v b ngha l "c c" hay "c".V d 2: Chuyn tu hong hn (Ly tn bi ht ca Vit Nam ra lm v d)Ch l, y "no" khng phi l "ca" na, m c s dng trong " = yuuyake no" to b ngha "hong hn" cho "ressha = chuyn tu". Do khng th dch l "chuyn tu ca hong hn", m phi l "chuyn tu hong hn".Tt nhin ngha mc nh y l "Chuyn tu vo lc hong hn". V ngn ng dng mc nh nhiu nn vic dch t ng chnh xc v t nhin l rt kh. Nu cc bn mun dng dch t ng Google (nh gii thiu trn trang web ny) cc bn nn vit cu tht n gin, d hiu v khng gy nhm ln.

hong hn lit xa on tu, chuyn tu

--------TH HI P--------C bn hi ti:"Ni l ch 1 th trong 1 ni no De l ch 1 hnh ng 1 ni no .Nu trong trng hp va c hnh ng v danh t trong 1 cu th mnh lm th no anh.. V d nh sauXin hy ht thuc bn ngoi.Xin hy vit cu tr li y2 cu trn u ch hnh ng 1 ni no , vy sao 1 cu dng Ni , 1 cu dng De vy?"

"" khng phi l "Xin hy vit cu tr liy" m l "Xin hy vit cu tr livoy".Xin hy vit cu tr liy. =