Dan Shechtman - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

Dan Shechtmanדן שכטמן

Dan Shechtman, Nobel Prize 2011 press conference

at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Born 24 January 1941Tel Aviv, Israel

Fields Materials science

Institutions Wright-Patterson Air Force BaseJohns Hopkins UniversityNational Institute of Standardsand TechnologyIowa State UniversityTechnion

Alma mater Technion

Known for Quasicrystals

Notableawards

Israel Prize (1998)Wolf Prize in Physics (1999)Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2011)

Spouse Tzipora Shechtman

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dan Shechtman (Hebrew: דן שכטמן; born January 24, 1941

in Tel Aviv)[1] is the Philip Tobias Professor of MaterialsScience at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, anAssociate of the US Department of Energy's AmesLaboratory, and Professor of Materials Science at Iowa StateUniversity. On April 8, 1982, while on sabbatical at the U.S.National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C.,Shechtman discovered the icosahedral phase, which opened

the new field of quasiperiodic crystals.[2] Shechtman wasawarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "thediscovery of quasicrystals," making him one of six Israelis

who have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[3][4][5][6]

1 Biography

2 Academic career

3 Work on quasicrystals

4 Presidential bid

5 Awards

6 Published works

7 See also

8 References

9 Further reading

10 External links

Dan Shechtman was born in Tel Aviv, Israel. He is married toProf. Tzipora Shechtman, Head of the Department ofCounseling and Human Development at Haifa University,

and author of two books on psychotherapy.[7][8] They have ason Yoav Shechtman (a PhD student in physics) and threedaughters: Tamar Finkelstein (an organizational psychologist at the Israeli police leadership center), EllaShechtman-Cory (a PhD in clinical psychology), and Ruth Dougoud-Nevo (also a PhD in clinical psychology).[9][10]

Dan Shechtman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Shechtman

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Meeting at NIST in 1985

where Shechtman (left)

explains the atomic structure

of quasicrystals

Shechtman's Nobel Prize winning

work was in the area of quasicrystals,

ordered crystalline materials lacking

repeating structures, such as this

Al-Pd-Mn alloy.[12]

After receiving his Ph.D. in Materials Engineering from the Technion in 1972,where he also obtained his B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering in 1966 and M.Sc.

in Materials Engineering in 1968,[1] Prof. Shechtman was an NRC fellow at theAerospace Research Laboratories at Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio, where hestudied for three years the microstructure and physical metallurgy of titaniumaluminides. In 1975 he joined the department of materials engineering atTechnion. In 1981–1983 he was on Sabbatical at Johns Hopkins University,where he studied rapidly solidified aluminum transition metal alloys, in a jointprogram with NBS. During this study he discovered the Icosahedral Phasewhich opened the new field of quasiperiodic crystals.

In 1992–1994 he was on sabbatical at National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST), where he studied the effect of the defect structure of CVDdiamond on its growth and properties. Shechtman's Technion research isconducted in the Louis Edelstein Center, and in the Wolfson Centre which isheaded by him. He served on several Technion Senate Committees and headed

one of them.

Shechtman joined the Iowa State faculty in 2004. He currently spends about five months a year in Ames on a

part-time appointment.[3][11]

Professor Shetchman is now a member of the Dūcere Global Leaders Faculty. http://ducere.co/faculty/prof-dan-shechtman/

From the day Shechtman published his findings on quasicrystals in 1984to the day Linus Pauling died (1994), Shechtman experienced hostilityfrom him toward the non-periodic interpretation. "For a long time it wasme against the world," he said. "I was a subject of ridicule and lecturesabout the basics of crystallography. The leader of the opposition to myfindings was the two-time Nobel Laureate Linus Pauling, the idol of theAmerican Chemical Society and one of the most famous scientists in theworld. For years, 'til his last day, he fought against quasi-periodicity incrystals. He was wrong, and after a while, I enjoyed every moment ofthis scientific battle, knowing that he was wrong."

Linus Pauling is noted saying "There is no such thing as quasicrystals,

only quasi-scientists."[13] Pauling was apparently unaware of a paper in1981 by H. Kleinert and K. Maki which had pointed out the possibility

of a non-periodic Icosahedral Phase in quasicrystals[14] (see thehistorical notes (http://users.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/icosahedral/index.html)). The head of Shechtman's research group told him to "goback and read the textbook" and a couple of days later "asked him to

leave for 'bringing disgrace' on the team."[15] Shechtman felt rejected.[13] On publication of his paper, other

scientists began to confirm and accept empirical findings of the existence of quasicrystals.[16][17]


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Interview with Dan Shechtman after

his Nobel lecture

The Nobel Committee at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences saidthat "his discovery was extremely controversial," but that his work"eventually forced scientists to reconsider their conception of the very

nature of matter."[13] Through Shechtman's discovery, several othergroups were able to form similar quasicrystals, finding these materials tohave low thermal and electrical conductivity, while possessing highstructural stability. Quasicrystals have also been found naturally.

Quasicrystalline materials could be used in a large number ofapplications, including the formation of durable steel used for fineinstrumentation, and non-stick insulation for electrical wires and

cooking equipment.[18][19]

The Nobel prize was 10 million Swedish krona (approximately US$1.5 million).[13]

On January 17, 2014, in an interview with Israel's Channel One, Shechtman anonunced his candidacy for

President of Israel.[20] Shechtman received the endorsment of ten Members of Knesset required to run. In theelections, held on the 10th of June 2014, he was awarded only one vote.

2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of quasicrystals

2008 European Materials Research Society (E-MRS) 25th Anniversary Award

2002 EMET Prize in Chemistry

2000 Muriel & David Jacknow Technion Award for Excellence in Teaching

2000 Gregori Aminoff Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

1999 Wolf Prize in Physics.[21]

1998 Israel Prize, for Physics.[22]

1993 Weizmann Science Award

1990 Rothschild Prize in Engineering

1988 New England Academic Award of the Technion

1988 International Award for New Materials of the American Physical Society

1986 Physics Award of the Friedenberg Fund for the Advancement of Science and Education

Shechtman, D.; Blech, I.; Gratias, D.; Cahn, J. (1984). "Metallic Phase with Long-Range Orientational

Order and No Translational Symmetry". Physical Review Letters 53 (20): 1951.

Bibcode:1984PhRvL..53.1951S (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984PhRvL..53.1951S).

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.53.1951 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.53.1951).


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Swartzendruber, L.; Shechtman, D.; Bendersky, L.; Cahn, J. (1985). "Nuclear γ-ray resonance

observations in an aluminum-based icosahedral quasicrystal". Physical Review B 32 (2): 1383.

Bibcode:1985PhRvB..32.1383S (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985PhRvB..32.1383S).

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.32.1383 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.32.1383).

Cahn, John W.; Gratias, Denis; Shechtman, DAN (1986). "Pauling's model not universally accepted".

Nature 319 (6049): 102. Bibcode:1986Natur.319..102C (http://adsabs.harvard.edu

/abs/1986Natur.319..102C). doi:10.1038/319102a0 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F319102a0).

Shechtman, Dan (1988). "The Icosahedral Quasiperiodic Phase". Physica Scripta 49: 49.

Bibcode:1988PhST...23...49S (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988PhST...23...49S).

doi:10.1088/0031-8949/1988/T23/008 (http://dx.doi.org

/10.1088%2F0031-8949%2F1988%2FT23%2F008).

Cahn, John W.; Shechtman, Dan; Gratias, Denis (1986). "Indexing of icosahedral quasiperiodic crystals".

Journal of Materials Research 1: 13. Bibcode:1986JMatR...1...13C (http://adsabs.harvard.edu

/abs/1986JMatR...1...13C). doi:10.1557/JMR.1986.0013 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1557%2FJMR.1986.0013).

List of Israel Prize recipients

List of Jewish Nobel laureates

Science and technology in Israel

^ a b Dan Shechtman (http://www.academy.ac.il/data/persons_data/34/DshechtmanCV3.pdf). (PDF). Retrieved on

2012-01-28.

1.

^ "Israeli Wins Chemistry Nobel For Quasicrystals" (http://www.npr.org/templates/story

/story.php?storyId=141067724). npr.org. Retrieved 2011-10-05.

2.

^ a b Iowa State, Ames Laboratory, Technion Scientist Wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry (http://www.newswise.com

/articles/iowa-state-ames-laboratory-technion-scientist-wins-nobel-prize-in-chemistry). Newswise.com (2011-10-05).

Retrieved on 2012-01-28.

3.

^ Tiny Israel a Nobel heavyweight, especially in chemistry (http://www.timesofisrael.com/tiny-israel-a-nobel-

heavyweight-especially-in-chemistry/)

4.

^ Israel’s Shechtman vindicated with Nobel for chemistry (http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/10

/06/170465.html) AFP (in Al Arabiya News) Thursday, 06 October 2011

5.

^ Fiske, Gavriel (2013-10-09). "Tiny Israel a Nobel heavyweight, especially in chemistry"

(http://www.timesofisrael.com/tiny-israel-a-nobel-heavyweight-especially-in-chemistry/). Timesofisrael.com.

Retrieved 2013-10-13.

6.

^ Professor Zipora Shechtman (http://edu.haifa.ac.il/en/couns-ed/). Edu.haifa.ac.il. Retrieved on 2012-01-28.7.


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^ He deserves it, wife of 2011 Nobel Chemistry laureate says (http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/europe

/news/article_1666890.php/He-deserves-it-wife-of-2011-Nobel-Chemistry-laureate-says). Monstersandcritics.com

(2011-10-05). Retrieved on 2012-01-28.

8.

^ Shechtman Wins Chemistry Nobel for Crystal Find (http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-05/technion-

s-shechtman-wins-chemistry-nobel-for-discovery-of-quasicrystals?category=%2Fnews%2Fmostread).

Mobile.bloomberg.com (2011-10-05). Retrieved on 2012-01-28.

9.

^ Genealogy of the Shechtman family (http://www.geni.com/people/Tzipora-Shechtman/286048103530004020).

Geni.com (2010-08-12). Retrieved on 2012-01-28.

10.

^ Iowa State prof wins Nobel in chemistry ( (http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chi-iowa-state-

prof-wins-nobel-in-chemistry-20111005,0,6056569.story)Chicago Tribune, October 5, 2011)

11.

^ Ünal, B; V. Fournée, K.J. Schnitzenbaumer, C. Ghosh, C.J. Jenks, A.R. Ross, T.A. Lograsso, J.W. Evans, and P.A.

Thiel (2007). "Nucleation and growth of Ag islands on fivefold Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystal surfaces: Dependence of

island density on temperature and flux" (http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.064205). Physical Review B 75

(6): 064205. Bibcode:2007PhRvB..75f4205U (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhRvB..75f4205U).

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.064205 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevB.75.064205).

12.

^ a b c d Lannin, Patrick (2011-10-05). "Ridiculed crystal work wins Nobel for Israeli" (http://www.reuters.com/article

/2011/10/05/nobel-chemistry-idUSL5E7L51U620111005). Reuters. Retrieved 2011-10-22.

13.

^ Kleinert H., Maki K. (1981). "Lattice Textures in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals" (http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de

/~kleinert/75/75.pdf). Fortschritte der Physik 29 (5): 219–259. Bibcode:1981ForPh..29..219K

(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981ForPh..29..219K). doi:10.1002/prop.19810290503 (http://dx.doi.org

/10.1002%2Fprop.19810290503).

14.

^ Jha, Alok (5 Jan 2013). "Dan Shechtman: 'Linus Pauling said I was talking nonsense' ". Guardian.15.

^ Bradley, David (Oct 5, 2011). "Dan Shechtman discusses quasicrystals" (http://www.sciencebase.com/science-

blog/dan-shechtman-discusses-quasicrystals-nobelprize.html). ScienceBase. Retrieved 5 October 2011. Shechtman

video interview

16.

^ "Clear as crystal" (http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/clear-as-crystal-1.353504). Haaretz. 2011-04-01.

Retrieved 2011-10-06.

17.

^ Van Noorden, Richard (2011-10-05). "Impossible crystals snag chemistry Nobel" (http://www.nature.com

/news/2011/111005/full/news.2011.572.html). nature. Retrieved 2011-10-05.

18.

^ Carpenter, Jennifer (2011-10-05). "Nobel win for crystal discovery" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-

environment-15181187). BBC. Retrieved 2011-10-05.

19.

^ [1] (http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Nobel-Prize-winning-professor-announces-run-for-President-of-Israel-

338551)

20.

^ "Wolf Prize Recipients in Physics" (http://www.wolffund.org.il/cat.asp?id=25&cat_title=PHYSICS).

Wolffund.org.il. Retrieved 2011-10-05.

21.

^ "Israel Prize Official Site – Recipients in 1998 (in Hebrew)" (http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units

/PrasIsrael/TashnagTashsab/TASNAG_TASNAT_Rikuz.htm?DictionaryKey=Tashnach).

22.

D. P. DiVincenzo and P. J. Steinhardt, eds. 1991. Quasicrystals: The State of the Art. Directions in


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Wikimedia Commons hasmedia related to DanShechtman.

Condensed Matter Physics, Vol 11. ISBN 981-02-0522-8.

T. Janssen. 2007. Quasicrystals: Comparative dynamics. Nature Materials, Vol 6., 925-926.

Nobel Laureates from Technion - Israel Institute of Technology.

(http://nobel.technion.ac.il/)

Biography and Bibliographic Resources (http://www.osti.gov

/accomplishments/shechtman.html), from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United

States Department of Energy

Story of quasicrystals as told by Shechtman to APS News in 2002 (http://www.physicscentral.com

/buzz/blog/index.cfm?postid=3608826130938035347).

Biography/CV Page – Technion (http://www.technion.ac.il/technion/materials/shechtman.html)

TechnionLIVE e-newsletter (http://pard.technion.ac.il/TechnionLive/Sep11/)

Dan Shechtman (Iowa State faculty page) (http://www.engineering.iastate.edu/directory

/?user_page=dans)

2012 interview with The Times of Israel (http://www.timesofisrael.com/yes-israel-will-still-be-around-

in-another-64-years-but-we-need-to-change-our-ways/)

[2] (http://ducere.co/faculty/prof-dan-shechtman)

Awards

Preceded byRichard HeckEi-ichi NegishiAkira Suzuki

Nobel Laureate in ChemistrySucceeded by

Brian KobilkaRobert Lefkowitz

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dan_Shechtman&oldid=614141249"

Categories: 1941 births Crystallographers Iowa State University faculty Israel Prize in physics recipients

Israeli chemists Israeli Jews Israeli materials scientists Israeli Nobel laureates Israeli physicists

Jewish chemists Jewish physicists Living people

Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts

Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities

Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering Nobel laureates in Chemistry

People from Tel Aviv Technion – Israel Institute of Technology alumni

Technion – Israel Institute of Technology faculty Wolf Prize in Physics laureates

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Dan Shechtman - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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