Dal Lake Development Project. Dal Lake Central feature of Srinagar city; Centre of socio-economic...
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Transcript of Dal Lake Development Project. Dal Lake Central feature of Srinagar city; Centre of socio-economic...
![Page 1: Dal Lake Development Project. Dal Lake Central feature of Srinagar city; Centre of socio-economic activity; Religious significance; Large population depends.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070323/56649d9f5503460f94a8ab9c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dal Lake Development Project
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Dal Lake
• Central feature of Srinagar city;• Centre of socio-economic activity;• Religious significance;• Large population depends on it for survival;• Large source of vegetables, fish and aquatic
plants;• Major tourist attraction.
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Dal Lake
• Area was 75 sq kms in 1200 AD;• Area shrank to 24 sq kms in 1962;• Area shrank to 15 sq kms in 1982;• Current estimate is about 11 sq kms;
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Dal Lake
• Serious deterioration in its water quality in last 40 years;
• Aquatic life of lake threatened;• Threat of disruption of water supply to Srinagar
city;• May affect tourist traffic to Kashmir if further
deterioration of lake not stopped
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Dal lake
• Main cause of shrinkage and water pollution:• Human interference by way of settlement on its
shores;• Encroachment on lake body;• construction of earthen embankments within the
lake;
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Dal Lake
• Denudation of catchment area;• Proliferation of floating gardens;• leaching of fertilizer and pesticide into lake from
surrounding agricultural fields;• Flow of untreated city sewage into lake;• Proliferation of houseboats in and on the lake
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Dal Lake
• A consultancy group of experts from New Zealand was engaged in 1977 under Commonwealth Fund to recommend ways for improving the condition of lake
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Dal Lake
• The group recommended:• remove human habitation within the lake area
and restore the area to lake;• catchment area protection, nutrient and
sediment removal and improve circulation of water;
• develop adjoining Nagin Lake;
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Dal Lake
• Rehabilitate the displaced people;• provide proper sanitation facilities within the
peripheral area and houseboat sanitation;• delineate the lake boundaries and control further
ingress of population in the lake body
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Dal Lake
• The project was accepted and started in 1978 for completion in 5 years at a cost of Rs. 9 crore later revised to Rs. 64 crore in 1982
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Project Planning
• Project was divided into four phases;• Project cost was revised from Rs. 9 crore (1978)
to Rs. 64 crore in 1982 and to Rs. 323 crore in 1996;
• Completion time was extended from 5 years to 14 years;
• The project is still incomplete as of date
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Implementation
• Construction of northern foreshore road and western foreshore road taken up, against the advise of experts proved counterproductive as it encouraged encroachment on water body instead of containing it.
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Implementation
• Construction of roads resulted in cutting off 206 hectares of lake body from it.
• Further construction of western foreshore road was stopped, the constructed portion of road closed and converted into a footpath resulting in wasteful expenditure of Rs. 7 crore.
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Implementation
• Construction f northern foreshore road also resulted in separating a large area from the water body and encouraging construction along the lake shore. Government banned construction on the lake shores, results of governmental action were yet to be ascertained.
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Acquisition of land and structures
• Achievement for acquisition of land and structures in the lake area was only 48% and 8 % respectively of the targets set;
• Land and areas were acquired sporadically and acquired area was not restored to lake;
• Expenditure of Rs. 7 crore was incurred on acquisition till 1996 which did not serve any purpose;
• Acquired land continued to be used by people for cultivation.
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Encroachments and constructions
• Encroachment on lake body and unauthorized constructions in and around lake continued unabated during the implementation of the project;
• The number of encroachments and unauthorized constructions increased from 16 in 1978 to 1967 in 1996
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Rehabilitation
• Out of 1556 residential plots developed at a cost of Rs. 12 crore, only 293 were allotted till 1996;
• Expenditure of Rs. 7 crore was unutilized;• 350 kanals of land were acquired (Rs. 3 crore) in
1988 for rehabilitation of families and Rs. 2 crore spent on development of colony.
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Rehabilitation
• While development work was going on, Srinagar Development Authority pointed that the area was green belt in master plan and can not be used for residential purposes;
• Further work was stopped;• entire expenditure proved unfruitful
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Deweeding
• Experts had suggested selective deweeding through both mechanical and manual means in a manner to cause least disturbance to lake’s eco-system;
• The department purchased mechanical deweeders (Rs. 3 crore) and put them to extensive use resulting in appearance of algal bloom.
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Settling basin
• Settling basin was estimated to cost Rs. 1.50 crore and expected to be completed in 3 years;
• Even after incurring an expenditure of Rs. 7 crore, the work is yet to be completed
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Houseboat sanitation
• Problem of houseboat sanitation not resoled even after 18 years;
• manifold increase in number of houseboats has aggravated the problem;
• 2 biolets imported from USA in 1988 (Rs. 2 crore) were useless;
• Scheme of holding tanks (cost Rs. 45 lakh) in 1989 not used.
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Peripheral area sanitation
• Sanitation schemes for peripheral area constructed at a cost of Rs. 2.4 crore not used and land for oxidation tanks not acquired.
• Sewage treatment plant yet to be constructed;• This has further aggravated the lake sanitation.
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Catchment area improvement
• Rs. 8 crore advanced for soil conservation and aforestation work in catchment area;
• Detailed accounts not obtained;• work done by implementing agency not known to
project authorities.
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Nagin Lake Development
• Rs. 7 crore were advanced to various agencies in 89-90 for;
• Land acquisition;• Shifting of leper hospital;• sewerage works in shore areas;• Work was yet to be taken up and funds were
lying unutilised
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Banned works
• Extensive mechanical deweeding was stopped in 1996 due to is extensive harmful effects;
• Holding tanks for houseboats for collection of sewage was stopped in 1995 as it was not popular;
• Yet Rs. 3 crore were advanced in 1998 to different agencies for these works
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Water quality testing
• Regular monitoring of water quality of lake was envisaged in 1986;
• Rs. 1 crore was advanced to a local Engineering College and Rs. 70 lakh to a local degree college for establishing modern laboratory facilities;
• Department was not aware if facilities had been established, no report was obtained from laboratories about work done
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Creation of liabilities
• Dal Lake division had purchased material (civil construction material and mechanical equipment) without obtaining approval of sanction authority and without obtaining funds for these;
• This resulted in creation of liabilities for unapproved works.
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Shortage of stores
• Non-observance of rules and regulations led to loss and theft of store material valued at Rs. 57 lakh besides shortages of Rs. 33 lakh noticed in store.
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Excess purchases
• Stores valued at Rs. 2.3 crore in 1995 were still lying unutilized;
• Purchase was made in excess of requirements
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Purchase of model
• Order for supply of a model of lake was placed on Chandigarh firm in 1996;
• Order was placed by the Chief Engineer while on leave at Chandigarh and 100% advance payment made to the firm (Rs 4 lakh);
• The firm supplied the model after a lot of correspondence and after a delay of 3 years;
• The model received by the Division was in broken condition and had to be discarded.
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Irregular drawal of funds
• Funds amounting to Rs. 5 lakh were drawn by the Division on hand receipts;
• Name of the work was not indicated on the hand receipts nor were reference to estimate or sanction indicated;
• The matter is under investigation of State Vigilance