Pilot Program:Pilot Program:Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT)

to Increase Girls’ Participation to Increase Girls’ Participation in Education in Education

Kano & Bauchi States, NigeriaKano & Bauchi States, NigeriaPresented by Sadi Yahaya Presented by Sadi Yahaya

SESP KANOSESP KANO

Dakar, SenegalDakar, SenegalDecember 18, 2008December 18, 2008

BackgroundBackground

Kano and Bauchi states are located in Kano and Bauchi states are located in the northern part of Nigeriathe northern part of Nigeria

Bauchi state has a population of 4.2m. Bauchi state has a population of 4.2m. and Kano, 10.7mand Kano, 10.7m

The two states have high drop out and The two states have high drop out and low girls’ enrollment rateslow girls’ enrollment rates

Poverty rate is also high in the two Poverty rate is also high in the two states (Bauchi: 77%, Kano: 49%, states (Bauchi: 77%, Kano: 49%, Nigeria overall: 54%)Nigeria overall: 54%)

CCT Program ObjectivesCCT Program ObjectivesTo increase the number of girls attending To increase the number of girls attending school in grades 4-6 in select poor rural school in grades 4-6 in select poor rural communities in Kano and Bauchi statescommunities in Kano and Bauchi states(Reduce the number of girls that drop-out at (Reduce the number of girls that drop-out at grades 4-6)grades 4-6)Estimated increase projected at 10-15% in Estimated increase projected at 10-15% in attendance for the specific grades compared attendance for the specific grades compared to baselineto baseline

Key Policy ObjectiveKey Policy Objective

Global Monitoring Report indicates Global Monitoring Report indicates that unless Nigeria prioritizes the that unless Nigeria prioritizes the increased enrolment of girls, the increased enrolment of girls, the MDG for gender equity and MDG for gender equity and enrolment will not be achieved.enrolment will not be achieved.

This evaluation will inform national This evaluation will inform national policy on CCT.policy on CCT.

Conditionality for Eligible Conditionality for Eligible Beneficiaries to Receive Cash Beneficiaries to Receive Cash

PaymentsPaymentsHard ConditionalitiesHard Conditionalities

80% school attendance of girls 80% school attendance of girls Completion of Grade 6Completion of Grade 6

Soft ConditionalitiesSoft ConditionalitiesPass mark (50%) as reflected in report cards and Pass mark (50%) as reflected in report cards and

end of year examsend of year examsGirl with birth certificate within 6 months of enrolmentGirl with birth certificate within 6 months of enrolmentYounger siblings with Under 5-cards showing utilisation of Younger siblings with Under 5-cards showing utilisation of services (immunisation, growth monitoring, promotion)services (immunisation, growth monitoring, promotion)Mother attending ante and post natal classesMother attending ante and post natal classesMother and father/guardian attending awareness creation Mother and father/guardian attending awareness creation sessions including community dialoguessessions including community dialogues

Conditionality for CommunitiesConditionality for Communities (for School Based Management (for School Based Management

Committees- SBMCsCommittees- SBMCs))

Monitoring attendance of teachers and Monitoring attendance of teachers and school disciplineschool disciplineMonitoring pupil attendanceMonitoring pupil attendanceCo-facilitate monthly community dialogues Co-facilitate monthly community dialogues on basic Facts for Life and to discuss on basic Facts for Life and to discuss progress updates from the SBMC on the progress updates from the SBMC on the CCT scheme CCT scheme Facilitate dialogue among scholarship Facilitate dialogue among scholarship holders and youth peers at least 1 every 2 holders and youth peers at least 1 every 2 monthsmonths

Conditionality for State & LGAConditionality for State & LGA

Supply issues- teaching & learning, Supply issues- teaching & learning, classrooms, toilets, waterclassrooms, toilets, water

Advocacy with private sector etcAdvocacy with private sector etc

DocumentationDocumentation

Support to SBMC for monitoring and Support to SBMC for monitoring and supervisionsupervision

Ensure health services available Ensure health services available (antenatal, immunisation)(antenatal, immunisation)

Primary Impact Evaluation Primary Impact Evaluation QuestionsQuestions

1.) Does the CCT program improve 1.) Does the CCT program improve attendance rates among girls?attendance rates among girls?

2.) Does the CCT program improve 2.) Does the CCT program improve retention/ completion rates among girls in retention/ completion rates among girls in primary and JSS school?primary and JSS school?

3.) Does the CCT program improve 3.) Does the CCT program improve transition rates of girls from primary to transition rates of girls from primary to junior secondary school?junior secondary school?

Primary Impact Evaluation Primary Impact Evaluation Questions Cont.Questions Cont.

4. Does the impact of the CCT program differ 4. Does the impact of the CCT program differ by quality of current education supply? by quality of current education supply?

5. What targeting strategy is most cost-5. What targeting strategy is most cost-effective in increasing girls’ enrolment/ effective in increasing girls’ enrolment/ retention? retention?

6. What minimum cash benefit amount can 6. What minimum cash benefit amount can induce/ stimulate enrolment and retention?induce/ stimulate enrolment and retention?

> 4. Quality Education Program > 4. Quality Education Program Areas vs. No QEP AreasAreas vs. No QEP Areas

In Kano: 9 LGAs currently supported by the In Kano: 9 LGAs currently supported by the World Bank, and 8 LGAs supported by DFID.World Bank, and 8 LGAs supported by DFID.

In Bauchi: 6 LGAs supported by UNICEF and In Bauchi: 6 LGAs supported by UNICEF and DFID.DFID.

Quality Programs include: School grants, Quality Programs include: School grants, classroom construction, textbook provision, classroom construction, textbook provision, teacher professional development, school-teacher professional development, school-based management schemes.based management schemes.

> 5. Targeting Strategy> 5. Targeting Strategy

Community Targeting (No targeting, Community Targeting (No targeting, blanket transfer to all girls enrolled in blanket transfer to all girls enrolled in grades 4-6)grades 4-6)

VS.VS.

Individual Targeting of girls:Individual Targeting of girls:– Preference for orphansPreference for orphans– Preference for those with disabilityPreference for those with disability– Ranking guided by Proxy Means TestRanking guided by Proxy Means Test– Community to validate rankingsCommunity to validate rankings

> 6. Level of Benefit> 6. Level of Benefit$1 per school day ($200 per school year) $1 per school day ($200 per school year) – Estimated at 32% of GDP/capitaEstimated at 32% of GDP/capita

VSVS

$.50 per school day ($100 per school $.50 per school day ($100 per school year) year) – Estimated at 16% of GDP/capitaEstimated at 16% of GDP/capita

Frequency of payment: 3 times per year Frequency of payment: 3 times per year (one per school term)(one per school term)

Data Requirements for PlanningData Requirements for Planning

Poverty Map to select Local Poverty Map to select Local Government AreasGovernment Areas

School-level data on enrolment and School-level data on enrolment and drop-out rates drop-out rates

School mapping to determine school School mapping to determine school locations.locations.

Household education expenditure data Household education expenditure data from USAID (to determine the size of from USAID (to determine the size of the transfer)the transfer)

Sampling and DesignSampling and DesignThe size of the program (number of CCT The size of the program (number of CCT beneficiaries) will be determined by budget beneficiaries) will be determined by budget constraints.constraints.

Sampling will stratified at the LGA level,based Sampling will stratified at the LGA level,based on quality education program statuson quality education program status

Randomization will be conducted at the Randomization will be conducted at the school level with two treatments:school level with two treatments:– Targeting Mechanism (community vs. individual Targeting Mechanism (community vs. individual

targeting)targeting)– Level of Benefit ($1/school day vs. .50c/ school day)Level of Benefit ($1/school day vs. .50c/ school day)

THANK YOU!THANK YOU!

MUNGODE!MUNGODE!