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Dagmar Conservation Area
Terrestrial Biological Inventory and Assessment
January, 2008
Contact: Sue Hayes Toronto Region Conservation Authority
Ecology Division Monitoring and Reporting Section
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List of Contributors
• Paul Prior, Fauna Biologist • Kelly Purves, Flora Biologist • Natalie Iwanycki, Terrestrial Biologist • Sue Hayes, Project Coordinator Terrestrial Field Inventories • Patricia Moleirinho, G.I.S. Technologist
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Dagmar Study AreaTable of Contents
1.1 The Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program ................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Landscape Indicators ........................................................................................ 2 1.1.2 The Region Today ............................................................................................. 4 1.1.3 The Region in 100 Years ................................................................................... 4 1.1.4 Vegetation Communities and Species.............................................................. 5
1.2 Inventory Methodology............................................................................................. 5
2.0 Results and Discussion of Dagmar Study Area ........................................................... 6 2.1 Site Location; Floristic and Physiographic Regions ................................................ 6 2.2 Habitat Patch Findings for Dagmar Study Area....................................................... 7
2.2.1 Quality Distribution of Natural Cover................................................................. 7 2.2.2 Quantity of Natural Cover .................................................................................. 8
2.3 Vegetation Community Findings for Dagmar Study Area ....................................... 8 2.3.1 Vegetation Community Representation ............................................................ 8 2.3.2 Vegetation Communities of Concern ................................................................ 9
2.4 Flora Findings for Dagmar Study Area................................................................... 10 2.4.1 Flora Species Representation ......................................................................... 10 2.4.2 Flora Species of Concern................................................................................ 10
2.5 Fauna Findings for Dagmar Study Area................................................................. 12 2.5.1 Fauna Species Representation ....................................................................... 12 2.5.2 Fauna Species of Concern.............................................................................. 12
3.0 Recommendations...................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Summary................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Site Recommendations .......................................................................................... 17
3.2.1 Quality Distribution Recommendations .......................................................... 20 3.2.2 Quantity Recommendations............................................................................ 21
4.0 References ................................................................................................................. 22
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Tables
Table 1: Habitat Patch Quality, Rank and Species Response........................................... 3 Table 2: Schedule of the TRCA Biological Surveys of the Dagmar Study Area, 2007 ..... 6 Table 3: Summary and Recommendations for the Dagmar Study Area by Indicator .... 18
Maps
Map 1: Dagmar Study Area in the Context of Regional Natural Cover ............................23 Map 2: Dagmar Study Area ...............................................................................................24 Map 3: Habitat Patch Size with Fauna Area Sensitivity Scores........................................25 Map 4: Interior Forest at Dagmar ......................................................................................26 Map 5: Scores for Matrix Influence and Flora Sensitivity to Development.......................27 Map 6: Scores for Matrix Influence and Fauna Sensitivity to Development.....................28 Map 7: Habitat Patch Quality.............................................................................................29 Map 8: Regional Natural System Habitat Patch Quality ...................................................30 Map 9: Distribution of Fauna Regional Species of Concern ............................................31 Map 10: Vegetation Communities with their Associated Local Ranks .............................32 Map 11: Locations of Flora Species of Concern...............................................................33 Map 12: Flora Habitat Dependence Scores......................................................................34 Map 13: Location of Fauna Species of Concern ..............................................................35 Map 14: Fauna Species of Concern Habitat Dependence Scores ..................................36
Appendices
Appendix 1: List of Vegetation Communities ....................................................................37 Appendix 2: List of Flora Species......................................................................................38 Appendix 3: List of Fauna Species....................................................................................39
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1.0 Introduction
This report describes the Dagmar Conservation Area in the context of the Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program of the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA). The question that the report addresses is “How does the area surveyed at the Dagmar Conservation Area fit within the regional natural system, and how should its contribution to this system be protected and maximized?” The important message outlined by this question is that the health of the natural system is measured at the regional scale and specific sites must be considered together for their benefits at all scales, from the site to the larger system. The TRCA has developed a Terrestrial Natural Heritage Systems Strategy for retaining and recovering natural heritage within its jurisdiction that incorporates target-setting at the regional level. A target system that identifies a land base for where natural cover should be restored is a key component of the Strategy (TRCA, 2007d). Although the objectives of the Strategy are based on making positive changes at all scales, the evaluation models were developed at the landscape scale using a combination of digital land cover mapping and field-collecteddata. Field-collected data also provides ground-level information in the application of the landscape models at the site scale. This report explains the results of vegetation community and flora and fauna species inventories conducted at Dagmar Conservation Area and, more importantly, will explain how this site-specific information fits into the regional Natural Heritage Strategy and targets.
The report is divided into several sections and sub-sections. The first section of the report includes this introduction followed by a sub-section providing background information on the Terrestrial Natural Heritage (TNH) Program. Section 1 is broad scoped. This information will assist the reader in understanding the science and rationale behind the Strategy and targets that are a key part of this program and the recommendations for this site. Also included in the first section of the report is the methodology for the collection of data pertaining to the site. Section 2 is site-focused.Having examined the regional context, our reporting now describes the site and the results and analysis of information collected through both remote-sensing and field surveys. Section 3 combines results from Sections 1 & 2 to provide recommendations for the site in context with the regional natural heritage strategy and targets.
1.1 The Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program
Rapid urban expansion in the TRCA jurisdiction has led to continuous incremental loss of natural cover and species. In a landscape that probably supported 95 percent forest cover prior to European settlement, current mapping shows that only about 16 percent forest and wetland cover remains. Agricultural and natural lands are increasingly being urbanised while species continue to disappear. This represents a substantial loss of ecological integrity and ecosystem function that would be exacerbated in the future according to trends.
In the late 1990s the TRCA initiated the Terrestrial Natural Heritage (TNH) Program to address terrestrial biodiversity loss in the nine watersheds that compose its jurisdiction.
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It based this work on two landscape-level indicators: the quality distribution and quantity of natural cover. These indicators summarize changes that occurred to the historical natural system. The aim of the program is to create a conservation strategy designed to both protect elements of the natural system (vegetation communities, floraand fauna species) before they become rare and to promote greater ecological function of the natural system as a whole. This aim is accomplished through the TNH Strategy by setting targets – both short and long term (100 years) - for the two “indicators” to provide direction in planning at all scales (TRCA, 2007b). The two indicators and the targets that have been set for them are explained below. It is important to understand that each of the two indicators is interdependent, for example, neither well-distributed, poor-quality natural cover, nor poorly-distributed good quality natural cover, achieves the desired conditions.
An example of the stress placed on the natural system is illustrated by a continent-wide study undertaken by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. The study showed that scarlet tanagers (Piranga olivacea) (a bird species that requires mature deciduous forests) are less area sensitive in a landscape that still has a high percentage of forest cover than in a landscape where overall forest cover has been greatly reduced (Rosenburg et al.,1999). This example demonstrates how important it is to view development and management at the broader regional scale rather than solely at the site-specific level. The important issue is the cumulative loss of natural cover in the TRCA region that has resulted from innumerable site-specific decisions.
1.1.1 Landscape Indicators
The quality distribution and quantity of natural cover in a region are important determinants of the species distribution, vegetation community health and the provision of ecosystem services in that region. As agricultural and urban land uses replace natural cover, diminishing proportions of various natural vegetation communities and reduced populations of native species remain. Unforeseen stresses are then exerted on the remaining flora and fauna in the natural heritage system and they become rarer and may eventually be at risk of extirpation. This pattern ultimately lowers the ability of the land to support biodiversity and to maintain or enhance the quality of human life (e.g. through increased pollution and decreased space for recreation).
Base Mapping
The first step in evaluating a natural system or an individual patch is to interpret and map land cover using ærial photographs. The basic unit for the evaluation at all scales is the individual habitat patch in the region, which are then combined and evaluated as a system at any scale. A habitat patch is a continuous piece of habitat, as determined from ærial photo interpretation. TRCA maps habitat according to four broad categories: forest, wetland, meadow, and coastal (beach, dune, or bluff). At the regional level, the TRCA jurisdiction is made up of thousands of habitat patches. This mapping of habitat patches in broad categories is conducted through remote-sensing and is used in the evaluation of quality, distribution and quantity. It should not be confused with the more
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detailed mapping of vegetation communities that is obtained through field surveys and that is used to ground-truth the evaluation (the latter follows in Section 2).
Quality Distribution of Natural Cover
Quality is not just viewed on its own across the watershed, distribution of this quality is considered at the same time. If the distribution of quality habitat is poor, then the distribution of species of concern will also be poor. Where these species occur there is often a high correlation to the range and quality of ecosystem services provided. Therefore, for a watershed to deliver the range of ecosystem services equally across the watershed and provide the habitat necessary to maintain a complex and dynamic terrestrial system, good quality habitat must be distributed evenly. By examining the quality of habitat across each subunit or subwatershed the distribution of quality habitat, or ‘quality distribution’ can be ascertained.
Each habitat patch is evaluated according to three criteria: size (the number of hectares occupied by the patch), shape (edge-to-area ratio), and matrix influence (measure of the positive and negative impacts from surrounding land use)(TRCA, 2007a). A total score for each patch is obtained through a weighted average of the scores for the three criteria. This total score is used as a surrogate for the ‘quality’ of a habitat patch and is translated into a local rank (L-rank) ranging from L1-L5 based on the range of possible total scores from 3 to 15 points. Of these L-ranks, L1 represents the highest quality habitat and L5 the poorest.
Species presence or absence correlates to habitat patch size, shape and matrix influence (patch quality)(Kilgour, 2003). The quality target is based on attaining a quality of habitat patch throughout the natural system that would support in the very long term a broad range of biodiversity, more specifically a quality that would support the region’s fauna Species of Conservation Concern (Table 1).
Regional Target: The target for quality distribution is to increase the quality of patches in all subwatersheds while promoting the “good quality” (L2) average regionally.
Table 1: Habitat Patch Quality, Rank and Species Response
Size, Shape and Matrix Patch Rank Fauna Species of Concern Excellent L1 Generally Found Good L2 Generally Found Fair L3 Generally Found Poor L4 Generally Not Found Very Poor L5 Generally Not Found
In addition to the three criteria that make up the total habitat patch score, another important measure to consider in assessing habitat patch quality is forest interior, i.e. the amount of forest habitat that is greater than 100 meters from the edge of the forest
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patch, using 100 meter increments. A recognized distance for deep interior conditions occurs at 400 meters from the patch edge. Such conditions are a habitat requirement for several sensitive fauna species.
Quantity of Natural Cover
The quantity target is largely the amount of forest and wetland cover necessary to achieve the quality distribution targets.
Regional Target: The quantity target of 30 per cent is the minimum forest and wetlandcover required for the “good quality” average to be distributed where possible in the TRCA jurisdiction. (TRCA, 2007d).
Based on 2002 orthophotography, 25% of the land area in the TRCA jurisdiction consists of natural cover. Although historically, the region would have consisted of up to 95% forest cover, today only about 15% is covered by forest (the remaining natural cover is mostly meadow or old field). Of the non-natural cover (i.e. the remaining 75%), 48% is urban and 27% is rural/agricultural.
1.1.2 The Region Today
The regional level analysis of habitat patches shows that the present average patch quality across the TRCA jurisdiction is “fair” (L3); forest and wetland cover is contained largely in the northern half of the TRCA jurisdiction, especially on the Oak Ridges Moraine; and the quantity is 16 per cent of the surface area of the TRCA jurisdiction. Thus the existing system stands below the targets that have been set. It becomes increasingly important to recognise that all site-based decisions contribute to the condition of a region.
1.1.3 The Region in 100 Years
The targets for quality distribution and quantity fall short of the historic pre-settlement condition, which was likely an “excellent” patch quality (L1 rank) on average, with an even distribution and 100 per cent natural cover. Those historical conditions are not the regional vision any more than 100 per cent urban is desirable; rather, the goal is to promote natural cover in a city region where urban communities, agriculture and natural cover function together as an ecosystem. The targets represent an important move toward the sustainability of regional biodiversity. Achieving the targets would reverse the current trend of declining species and vegetation communities and would improve the system’s quality sufficiently to offset many impacts from further urban growth and intensification.
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1.1.4 Vegetation Communities and Species
While the targets for the natural heritage system are derived from regional-scale information, the site surveys at the ground-truthing level provide important information that can be used in conjunction with the targets to plan decisions at the site level. A key component of the ground-truthing surveys is the scoring and ranking of vegetation communities and flora and fauna species to generate L-ranks (L1-L5) (TRCA, 2007e). Vegetation community scores and ranks are based on two criteria: local occurrence and the number of geophysical requirements or factors on which they depend. Flora species are scored using four criteria: local occurrence, population trend, habitat dependence, and sensitivity to impacts associated with development. Fauna species are scored based on seven criteria: local occurrence, local population trend, continent-wide population trend, habitat dependence, sensitivity to development, area-sensitivity, and mobility restriction. With the use of this ranking system, communities or species of regional concern, ranked L1-L3, now replace the idea of rare communities or species. Rarity (local occurrence) is still considered but is now one of many criteria that make up the L-ranks, making it possible to recognize communities or species of regional concern before they have become rare. As shown in Map 9, fauna species of regional concern are generally absent from the urban matrix.
Conservation efforts need to be exercised before a vegetation community or species becomes rare, since much of the damage is irreversible once a community or species is considered rare. This is why the regional targets are relevant at the site scale where cumulative impacts occur. In addition to the L1-L3 species, a large number of currently common or secure species at the regional level are considered of concern in the urban context. These are the species identified with a conservation rank of L4. Although L4 species are widespread and frequently occur in relatively intact urban sites, they are vulnerable to long-term declines.
1.2 Inventory Methodology
A biological inventory of the Dagmar Conservation Area was conducted at the levels of habitat patch, vegetation community, and species (flora and fauna) according to the TRCA data collection methodology (TRCA, 2007c). Habitat patch mapping was excerpted from the regional 2002 mapping of broadly-defined patch categories (forest, wetland, meadow and coastal) and used in the analysis for the Dagmar study area.
Vegetation communities were surveyed in 2001 and flora species were surveyed both in 2001 and 2007 (Table 2). Vegetation community designations were based on the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) and determined to the level of vegetation type (Lee et al., 1998). Community boundaries were outlined onto printouts of 2005 digital ortho-rectified photographs (ortho-photos) to a scale of 1:2000 and then digitized in ArcView. Flora regional species of concern (species ranked L1-L3) were mapped as point data with approximate number of individuals seen.
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Fauna data were collected in April and June/July, 2007. The spring survey searched primarily for frog species of regional concern but recorded incidentally the presence of any early spring nocturnal bird species (owls and American woodcocks). The summer surveys were concerned primarily with the mapping of breeding bird species of regional concern. Songbirds are surveyed in June/July in order to obtain breeding bird data and to exclude migrants. The methodology for identifying confirmed and possible breeding birds follows Cadman et al. (1987). Fauna regional species of concern (species ranked L1-L3) were mapped as point data.
Table 2: Schedule of the TRCA Biological Surveys of the Dagmar Study Area, 2007
Survey Item Dates Time (hours)
Patch/Landscape 2002 ortho-photos 21 hours
Vegetation Communities & Flora Species
2,7,8 May, 6,7,13,18,25 June, 11,16 Sept. 2007, 16,18,19,20,27 Jul., 2,17 Aug. 2001, 19 Oct. 1999
119 hours
Frogs & Wetland Birds April 2 and 19, 2007 2.5 hours
Breeding Songbirds 8 and 12 June, 3 and 7 July, 2007.
20 hours
2.0 Results and Discussion of Dagmar Study Area
Section 2 provides the information collected for habitat patch, vegetation community, and species (flora and fauna) and its analysis in the context of the TNH strategy. Sub-section 2.1 gives an overview of the site location and general information about the site. Further sub-sections will present the findings and analysis under the headings of habitat patch, vegetation communities, flora species, and fauna species.
2.1 Site Location; Floristic and Physiographic Regions
The Dagmar Study Area is in the Duffins Creek watershed in the town of Uxbridge in the region of Durham (Maps 1 & 2) in the Uxbridge Forest Kames ANSI and ESA. The study area mainly consists of TRCA property; wherever access was granted onto private lands, these properties have been included. The boundaries of the study area are Chalk Lake Road to the north, 7th Concession to the west, the Uxbridge-Pickering Townline to the south, and Lakeridge Road to the east.
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The site lies within the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence floristic region, composed of mixed coniferous-deciduous forest. The rolling topography is complex. The entire survey area lies on the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) physiographic region characterized, for the most part, by sandy or gravely materials (Chapman and Putnam, 1984). There is a variability of substrate texture from well drained silts and sands to organics. The study area is part of the “rain barrel” of the GTA and surface permeability is generally fairly high. In and around the provincially significant wetland – Glen Major Wetland Complex (in the south western portion) there is groundwater discharge where there is a headwater stream and many ground flora indicative of groundwater seepage (see section 2.4.2).
2.2 Habitat Patch Findings for Dagmar Study Area
The following details the Dagmar Study Area according to the two natural system indicators used in designing the Terrestrial Natural Heritage System Strategy: the quality distribution and quantity of natural cover. Analysis was based on 2002 ortho-photos.
2.2.1 Quality Distribution of Natural Cover
The Duffins Creek Watershed has the least percent urban land use in the TRCA jurisdiction. The site is in an important location and is of significant size, conferring both a degree of forest interior and connectivity of natural cover along the ORM.
Habitat Patch Size and Shape
At the Dagmar Study Area, the majority of the habitat patches – forest habitat - receives an “excellent” score for patch size meaning that it scores 5 out of a possible 5 points (i.e. at least 250 ha for forests or 20 ha for wetlands - see Map 3). This does not apply to the meadow components within the study area, but the high ranking for forest habitat implies that there are forest patches of sufficient size to accommodate many of the area sensitive fauna species. Note that the site itself covers only 208 ha but the forest habitat is continuous with forest to the south of the site.
On the other hand, the over all shape of the forest habitat at Dagmar is rather uneven, scoring two out of five points (“poor”, L4). This is of considerably less concern given the large size of the patches in question, although certainly this factor reduces the available forest interior habitat at Dagmar. The main forest habitat patch at the study area is large enough to accommodate a large area of forest interior beyond 200 metres (Map 4); however, the meadow and successional habitats that are dispersed through the block disrupt the forest habitat patch shape, preventing larger forest interior patches from occurring.
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Habitat Patch Matrix Influence
Analysis based on the 2002 ortho-photos shows that the habitat in the study area receives a “good” matrix influence (i.e. scores four out of a possible five points, see Maps 5 & 6). This can be attributed to the mix of natural and agricultural land that dominates the surrounding landscape.
Habitat Patch Total Score
Map 7 habitat patch total score shows that the Dagmar study area is entirely “green” or “good” quality. The habitat quality at the site is thus better than the average condition in the TRCA jurisdiction and should support Species and Vegetation Communities of Regional Concern (Map 8).
2.2.2 Quantity of Natural Cover
The Duffins Creek watershed is approximately 28,653 hectares in size containing 37.2% natural cover, including 7245 hectares as forest (25.3%) and 573 hectares as wetland (2%). Area calculations based on 2005 orthophotos show that the Dagmar Study Area occupies 208 hectares including 181 ha of natural cover. This amounts to approximately 2% of the total natural cover in the Duffins watershed. According to ELC inventory, 117.5 ha of the Dagmar Study Area are forest, 26.2 ha are wetland, 4.4 ha are aquatic, 7.4 ha are successional and 25.9 ha are meadow.
2.3 Vegetation Community Findings for Dagmar Study Area
2.3.1 Vegetation Community Representation
The geology and topography of the Dagmar Study Area, along with a range of historic and current land uses (e.g. agriculture, recreation) are reflected in the vegetation communities (Appendix 1; Map 10). The northeast part of the site starts off well drained and as one walks southwest the terrain becomes more even and the wetlands appear along with the headwater streams. A total of 35 different ELC vegetation community types were described for the site. Polygon size ranges well under one hectare (some of the wetlands) to large expanses of deciduous forest. One of these vegetation communities was recorded solely as an inclusion within another community.
Dagmar supports 14 types or communities of forest with more deciduous than coniferous types (most of the latter are white pine plantations). Mature deciduous forests of sugar maple are found in the north and west portions of the site. The only naturally occurring coniferous forest type is lowland cedar (FOC4-1) at a mere 1.75 ha. Forest types younger in age include upland white birch or poplar forests and plantations dominated either by white pine, black locust, or red pine.
Wetlands occupy a relatively large share of the site: 26.2 ha over half of which are
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organic cedar swamps. More of the land in the southwest was originally either cedar swamp or lowland forest prior to damning the headwaters. Other wetland examples include hemlock mineral swamps and a mixed cedar-deciduous mineral swamp. There are also some small mineral marshes and one organic cattail marsh. Aquatic habitats, full of waterweed (SAS1-2), are due to the dammed headwaters that are maintained by the local angling club and landowners.
Areas subjected to past clearing include meadow, dominated by tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) with an admixture of other native forbs and European cool-season grasses. Another 7 ha are in various stages of succession, mostly thickets with a small white pine savannah. There was likely pasture once on these cleared lands judging from surrounding land uses.
2.3.2 Vegetation Communities of Concern
The vegetation communities that occur in the TRCA jurisdiction are scored and given a local rank from L1 to L5. Vegetation communities with a rank of L1 to L3 are considered of regional concern. The ranks are based on two criteria: local distribution and geophysical requirements (TRCA, 2007e).
Ten of the 35 vegetation communities are of regional concern (Appendix 1; Map 10). The hemlock mineral swamp is the only L2, the other polygons are L3: the white pine savannah CUS1-A2 and most of the wetlands and aquatic types.
Five of the vegetation communities of concern have restricted local distribution (generally, they are restricted to six or fewer of the forty-four 10x10 km squares that encompass the TRCA jurisdiction). White pine (CUS1-A2) is usually less prominent in succession (at least in recent decades) than are deciduous trees such as ash and treed swamp communities with hemlock or birch as dominants (SWC2-2 and SWD4-4) are more uncommon, white cedar being much more dominant regionally.
The geophysical requirements of communities in the TRCA jurisdiction make up the second criteria of the community L-rank. Vegetation communities develop under certain site conditions and may be restricted to particular locations based on slope aspect, hydrology, soil character (e.g. structure and nutrient status), and dynamic processes (e.g. erosion and flooding). The vegetation communities at Dagmar tend to score nil to low in this respect. However, the swamps that have a coniferous component of hemlock or cedar (SWC2-2 and SWC3-1) are associated with cool, sheltered areas, often associated with cool headwater streams on the moraine. The organic marshes are dependant on the build up of deep organic soils and groundwater seeps.
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2.4 Flora Findings for Dagmar Study Area
2.4.1 Flora Species Representation
A total of 274 naturally-occurring flora species were found at the Dagmar study area during the 2001 and 2007 field seasons supplemented by two records collected in 1999 by the Ministry of Natural Resources (Appendix 2). Of the 221 native species, 91 are of regional concern (L1-L3) (Map 11).
2.4.2 Flora Species of Concern
As with vegetation communities, flora species are considered of regional concern in the TRCA jurisdiction if they rank L1-L3 based on their scores for four criteria: local occurrence; population trend; habitat dependence; and sensitivity to development impacts. Most of the flora species of concern are not rare plants per se, since few of them rank as provincially rare (S1-S3); however, they are of conservation concern due to their sensitivity to development and restriction to certain habitats or certain areas within the TRCA region. L4 ranked communities and species are considered to be of concern within the urban portion of the jurisdiction.
Many of the flora species of concern (87 in total) are associated with specific vegetation communities; consequently, they are highly susceptible to changes in these communities. They score relatively high in habitat dependence (Appendix 2)(Map 12). Roughly, they are found in 7 or fewer community cohorts (groupings of vegetation communities) (TRCA, 2007e). For example, shinleaf (Pyrola elliptica), hobblebush (Viburnum lantanoides), downy Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum pubescens), and many of the fern species are associated with the more mature forests on site; silvery glade fern (Deparia acrotichoides) is found only in moist mature forests. Wetland obligates include bulrushes (Scirpus spp.) and waterweed (Elodea canadensis). Clinton’s wood fern (Dryopteris clintoniana) and pink wood sorrel (Oxalis acetosella ssp. montana) are generally in swamps but sometimes in cool, moist forests. The asters (A. urophyllus, A. oolentangiensis), along with blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium montanum) are characteristic of the open or semi-open habitats.
Ninety-one species of concern are affected by sensitivity to development impacts, scoring 3 or more for this criterion (Appendix 2). These impacts are indirect ones emanating from the surrounding land use or matrix influence (Map 5). The high number of sensitive species present on site is due to the sheltered character of the forest and the relative lack of public access or intrusion onto the site. Areas that have a history of land use disturbance, including agriculture, have fewer sensitive species. Several indirect impacts that could impact the vegetation character of the site are discussed below.
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Hydrological changes from nearby development can include drainage and drying or flooding from impeded drainage and increased stormwater. There are major seep areas at Dagmar in the southwest portion, where a large number of sensitive flora are found such as naked mitrewort (Mitella nuda), Carex scabrata, and nodding woodreed (Cinna latifolia). Hemlock and most of the fern species should also be considered sensitive to subtle changes in hydrological regime.
Pollution of the air or changes to soil through nutrient-laden runoff alter the habitat and affect sensitive species such as white pine, hemlock, and tamarack.
Disturbance caused by development and increased recreational use also facilitates the spread of invasive species. Dog-strangling vine (Cynanchum rossicum) is already abundant in parts of Dagmar, mainly in the eastern quarter where most of the recreation takes place and in plantations. Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is only in small infestations, but can be expected to spread rapidly with trails and recreational use. Many native plants, especially when subjected to other stresses, cannot compete with invasives. For example, low bindweed (Calystegia spithamaea ssp. spithamaea) and many of the woodland sedges (Carex spp.) are smaller and slower-growing than a number of invasive alien species. Disease and pests are another disturbance - Butternut (Juglans cinerea) being a good example of disease severity. It is now considered endangered in Canada because of an introduced canker disease that is rapidly killing off most individuals across its range. There were 44 trees found, approximately 16 of which were killed. There was one individual isolated from the rest that appeared unaffected by the canker.
Alteration of disturbance regimes can lead to the extirpation of species that require some kinds of disturbance. For example, hoary vervain (Verbena stricta) and blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium montanum) require open habitats that may result from either grazing or natural fire. On the other hand, the saprophytic Indian pipe and pinesap (Monotropa spp.) require natural and undisturbed litter accumulation.
Increased access and use also involves increased trampling and soil compaction. Species that have a delicate stem and/or produce only a single set of leaves per growing season, such as rose twisted stalk (Streptopus roseus) and trillium are susceptible to trampling. Many forest ground flora are in this category.
Finally, a few species are directly targeted by people for collection as edibles or for planting in their gardens. Wild leek (Allium tricoccum) is often eaten and trillium has showy flowers often collected for garden use.
In response to loss of habitat and stresses from land use changes, susceptible flora exhibits a declining population trend and may become rare or even extirpated. Because of urbanization, most native flora species in the Toronto area are suspected to be undergoing slight declines as the total land base becomes smaller. Species that are considered rare according to the local occurrence criterion are found in fewer than 7 of the 44 10x10 km grid squares that cover the TRCA jurisdiction. Some of these include few-nerved wood sedge (Carex leptonervia), low bindweed (Calystegia spithamaea) and Back’s sedge (Carex backii).
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2.5 Fauna Findings for Dagmar Study Area
2.5.1 Fauna Species Representation
The TRCA fauna surveys at the Dagmar Study Area in 2007 documented a total of 65 bird species, seven mammals, and six amphibian species. Thus the total number of breeding fauna species is 78. Refer to Appendix 3 for a list of the fauna species and their corresponding L-ranks.
2.5.2 Fauna Species of Concern
Fauna species, like vegetation communities and flora species, are considered of regional concern if they rank L1-L3 based on their scores for the seven criteria mentioned in section 1.1.4. As with flora, this is a pro-active, preventive approach, identifying where conservation efforts need to be made before a species becomes rare. Because the Dagmar Study Area is an entirely rural site, L4 species are not considered to be of concern and are therefore not included in this discussion.
Fauna surveys at the Dagmar Study Area have reported a total of 24 L1- L3 bird species which consists of three L2 species (broad-winged hawk (Buteo platypterus), wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) and veery (Catharus fuscescens)) and twenty-one L3 species (including ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius), blue-winged warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla), yellow-rumped warbler (Dendroica coronata) and scarlet tanager). In addition there are four herpetofauna (three L2 and one L3) and one mammal species (hairy-tailed mole – Parascalops breweri) of concern, bringing the total to 29 fauna species of regional concern. There is also one unranked bird species that was new for the TRCA fauna database (summer tanager - Piranga rubra, a singing male was present on the 12th of June). Locations of these breeding fauna species are depicted on Map 13. Appendix 3 lists all of the fauna species reported from the study area, together with their associated ranks and scores.
Local occurrence is one of seven scoring criteria for fauna and is based on TRCA data and information from the Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR). Using local occurrence as a measure of regional rarity, any species that is reported as a probable or confirmed breeder in fewer than ten of the forty-four 10 km squares in the TRCA jurisdiction is considered regionally rare (i.e. scores 3-5 points for this criterion). In the study area there are 10 species of regional concern (i.e. ranked L1 – L3) that are considered regionally rare including broad-winged hawk, blue-headed vireo (Vireo solitarius), and yellow-bellied sapsucker. The currently unranked summer tanager also falls into this list of regional rarities, the Dagmar record constituting the only breeding season record of this species in the region. As is the case with flora, most regionally rare fauna species have other associated factors that explain their vulnerability and need to be taken into account in conservation strategies.
Sensitivity to development is another criterion used to determine the L-rank of fauna species. A large number of impacts that result from local land use, both urban and
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agricultural, can affect the local fauna. These impacts - considered separately from the issue of actual habitat loss - can be divided into two distinct categories. The first category involves changes that arise from local urbanization that directly affect the breeding habitat of the species in question. These changes alter the composition and structure of the vegetation communities; for example, the clearing and manicuring of the habitat (e.g. by removal of dead wood and clearance of shrub understorey). The second category of impacts involves changes that indirectly affect individuals of the species in question. Examples include increased predation from an increase in the local population of predator species that thrive alongside human developments (e.g. blue jays, crows, squirrels, raccoons, and house cats); parasitism (from the facilitating of brown-headed cowbird access, a species which prefers more open, edge-type habitat); competition (for nest-cavities with bird species such as house sparrows and Eurasian starlings); flushing (causing disturbance and abandonment of nest); and sensitivity to pesticides.
Fauna species are considered to have a high sensitivity to development if they score 3 or more points (out of a possible five) for this criterion. In the Study Area, all of the 29 species that are ranked L1-L3 receive this score and are therefore considered sensitive to one or more of the impacts associated with development (Map 6). These species are currently at this site because the surrounding matrix is still almost entirely natural and agricultural.
The tendency for trail development to be accompanied by the clearing and tidying of woodlands and thickets in the vicinity would dramatically disrupt any species that are dependent on such understory habitat for nesting or foraging, and certainly many of the sensitive species have such specific requirements. Furthermore, increased trail density and trail use would require greater vigilance regarding hazard trees, requiring the removal of much standing dead-wood and the pre-emptive removal of diseased and dieing trees. Unfortunately, such management policies are entirely at odds with management for fauna biodiversity since many species are highly dependent on the presence of such features for foraging and the provision of nest cavities (e.g. pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), yellow-bellied sapsucker, brown creeper (Certhia americana), eastern screech-owl (Otus asio) and barred owl (Strix varia) – the latter two species breed on the neighbouring Glen Major properties).
Several of the bird species found nest low in the ground vegetation or on the ground and as such are highly susceptible both to increased predation from ground-foraging predators (house cats, raccoons) and to repeated flushing from the nest (by pedestrians, off-trail bikers and dogs) resulting in abandonment and failed breeding attempts. Such sensitive forest-bird species include ruffed grouse, wild turkey, veery (Catharus fuscescens), black-and-white warbler (Mniotilta varia), blue-winged warbler, Nashville warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla), ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) and eastern towhee (Pipilo erythropthalmus). In addition, open habitat species which breed in neighbouring meadows – bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) and field sparrow (Spizella pusilla) - are also ground-nesters and would likewise be severely affected by any increase in pedestrian or dog traffic within their habitat. Various studies have shown that many bird species react negatively to human intrusion (i.e. the mere presence of people) to the extent that nest-
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abandonment and decreased nest-attentiveness lead to reduced reproduction and survival. One example of such a study showed that abundance was 48% lower for hermit thrushes (Catharus guttatus)(a ground-nesting/foraging species) in intruded sites than in the control sites, a site being a one-hectare circle (Gutzwiller, 1999). Elsewhere, a recent study reported that dog-walking in natural habitats caused a 35% reduction in bird-diversity and a 41% reduction in abundance, with even higher impacts on ground-nesting species (University of New South Wales, 2007).
Human-induced changes in hydrology are unlikely to occur on this site and there are very few wetlands in the more upland portions of the study area. Nevertheless, any development that leads to a change in the moisture regimes within the forest habitat, for example, trail openings resulting in an increase in the occurrence of drier edge-type habitat, will certainly affect the biodiversity of the site, increasing opportunities for some less sensitive species but reducing the opportunities for species that prefer a more interior-type forest habitat (e.g. wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) and ovenbird). Species that prefer even more moist conditions are to be found in the forest cover in the vicinity of the pond on the west side of the site with species such as northern waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis) and veery restricted to this area.
The study area presently supports small populations of wood frog (Rana sylvatica),spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) and gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor), although the majority of the observations were of adults outside of the breeding season utilizing the upland forest as summer foraging habitat. The majority of these animals no doubt migrate to breeding ponds at or beyond the edge of the study area; there was a particularly large concentration of breeding wood frogs and spring peepers on either side of Concession 7 to the south of the Uxbridge-Pickering Townline situated over 1500 metres from the summering individuals found in the study area. The only closer breeding evidence was of a small population of spring peepers using a pond on the southern edge of the eastern block of the study area close to Lakeridge Road. It therefore remains something of a mystery as to where the three species are breeding, although it does seem that populations are rather low. Breeding is unlikely in the fish ponds on the western edge of the site since the wood frogs and peepers tend to avoid ponds with fish present.
Area sensitivity is another of the seven criteria that are used to determine the local rank for fauna. Fauna species are scored for area sensitivity based on their requirement for a certain minimum size of preferred habitat. Species that require large tracts of habitat (>100 ha in total) score the maximum five points, while species that either show no minimum habitat requirement, or require < 1 ha in total, score one point. Species scoring three points or more (require 5+ ha in total) are deemed area sensitive species. As mentioned in section 1.1, researchers have shown that for some species of birds area sensitivity is dependent and varying inversely with the overall percentage forest cover within the landscape surrounding the site where those species are found (Rosenburg et al., 1999).
A total of 23 of the 29 fauna species of regional concern that occur in the study area are considered area sensitive (Map 3). Three of these species - broad-winged hawk, wild turkey and black-and-white warbler - are scored as requiring more than 100 ha of
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natural habitat. This requirement is certainly satisfied by the natural cover at the study area and even more so when combined with the neighbouring blocks of the Glen Major complex. It is for this reason that perhaps several other species should also be considered since species such as barred owl (which breed throughout Glen Major) no doubt utilize the study area as part of their home range. The other 20 species require in excess of 5 ha of natural habitat and the habitat patches at the study area currently fill such a requirement to the extent that several of these species are well-represented by multiple territories: ovenbird, scarlet tanager and pine warbler (Dendroica pinus) held 30, 12 and 11 territories respectively during the 2007 field-season.
Patch-size constraints are due to a variety of factors including foraging requirements and the need for isolation within a habitat block. In the latter case, regardless of the provision of a habitat patch of sufficient size, if that block is seriously and frequently disturbed by human intrusion such species will be liable to abandon the site. This is particularly true of ground-nesting and ground-foraging species such as wild turkey, ruffed grouse and ovenbird. Large raptors also require an undisturbed site in which to nest successfully; the Glen Major complex as a whole is the richest area within the TRCA jurisdiction for such species, supporting several pairs of barred owl, red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) and broad-winged hawk. The latter species is represented by a single pair at the Dagmar Study Area, an occupied nest having been found on the southern side of the main forest block.
Mobility restriction in fauna measures the physical ability or the predisposition of a species to move about within the landscape and is related to the connectivity of habitat within a landscape. Adults foraging for food during the nestling and fledgling stage of the breeding season are one example of a reason for this requirement. By maintaining and improving the connectivity of natural cover within the landscape (e.g. by reforestation of intervening lands) we are able to positively influence the populations of such species, improving their foraging and dispersal potential. As patch size (related to area sensitivity) and total percentage natural cover within the landscape increases, mobility tends to become less of an issue either because the habitat patches are large enough to accommodate all of the life requirements of the various species, or because the sheer density of natural habitat patches within a given landscape precludes any detrimental isolation.
Nevertheless, it should be considered that even in landscapes where there are large areas of habitat, narrow expanses of developed terrain interspersed throughout the habitat (e.g. roads and wide trails) can create mobility issues particularly for smaller terrestrial species such as frogs, salamanders, moles. In this respect the score for mobility restriction does not address the issue of species that habitually - and as a part of their life-cycle - move across a variety of habitat types. Such species will readily cross open ground but in so doing expose themselves to potentially fatal encounters with predators and vehicular traffic. This is particularly true of highly mobile amphibian such as wood frog, spring peeper and gray treefrog.
Fauna species that score greater than three points under the habitat dependence criterion are considered habitat specialists. These species exhibit a combination of very
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specific habitat requirements that range from the microhabitat (e.g. decaying logs, aquatic vegetation), through requirements for particular moisture conditions, vegetation structure or spatial landscape structures, to preferences for certain community series and macro-habitat types. Many species prefer forest habitat, but more importantly several of them require forest-habitat with an interior component.
Within the list of L1- L3 fauna species occurring at Dagmar there are 12 species that score 3 or more points for Habitat Dependence (Map 14). These species – including wild turkey, veery, blackburnian warbler (Dendroica fusca) (all scoring 4 points), broad-winged hawk, ovenbird and scarlet tanager - are dependent on fairly specific forest habitat characteristics. Ovenbird, for example, has a requirement for a relatively intact layer of leaf-litter in which to construct a nest; wild turkeys require mast-trees within their home range, a feature of mature deciduous forests. Any changes to the local habitat such as the age characteristics of a forest or changes in hydrology may negatively impact species that are habitat specialists.
Representation is essentially the presence or absence of a species at a site. However, beyond mere representation of single species is the idea that a natural system can be considered as a healthy functioning system if there is an association of several species thriving within that system. Each habitat type supports particular species associations. As the quality of the habitat patch improves so will the representation of flora and fauna species within that habitat. In this way representative bio-diversity is an excellent measure of the health of a natural system. The presence of several habitat dependent species, in particular species that are dependent on healthy forest understorey, indicates that the forest habitat is functioning at a relatively high level.
A cursory glance at the rest of the Glen Major complex certainly suggests that the Dagmar Study Area is of a similar over all quality with respect to biodiversity and species representation. However, some species are less well-represented (e.g. yellow-rumped warbler and golden-crowned kinglet (Regulus satrapa)) while other species have their highest densities within the Dagmar Study Area (e.g. black-throated green warbler – Dendroica virens). This may be due to small differences in habitat type and condition but is also possibly due to annual fluctuations in total breeding numbers for various species; comparison between the various portions of the Glen Major complex would need to be based on surveys conducted in the same season. Nevertheless, as just one example, it is apparent that the pine plantation component in the northern area of the Glen Major complex has more extensive areas of mature trees which doubtless accommodate specialists such as the aforementioned yellow-rumped warbler and golden-crowned kinglet. It would be interesting to analyse the local distribution of fauna points throughout the complex so as to better understand how various habitat types are recruiting fauna species, thereby allowing for better long-term management of the biodiversity of the site.
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3.0 Recommendations
The recommendations for the Dagmar Study Area are given in relation to the regional targets for natural heritage in the TRCA jurisdiction (see section 1.1.3, also (TRCA, 2007d). To reach the regional targets for quality distribution and quantity of natural cover, every site will require its own individualized plan of action. Following is a short summary of Dagmar within the regional context, followed by specific recommendations for the site.
3.1 Summary
Located in the largely natural and agricultural landscape of the Oak Ridges Moraine in the north-east corner of the TRCA jurisdiction, the Glen Major complex is perhaps the richest and most significant block of natural cover in the region. The study area constitutes about 1/8 of the Glen Major complex, and likewise about 1/8 of the total TRCA properties in this area. As such, it contributes a very significant amount of natural habitat to the landscape, and it is certainly the high percent of natural cover within this corner of the region that enables several highly sensitive species to persist. Nowhere else in the region, for example, is there such a high concentration of large avian predators; and the study area itself supports such regional rarities as yellow-bellied sapsucker and blue-headed vireo. Given the site’s close association with the rest of the high quality Glen Major complex it is highly likely that neighbouring species such as barred owl and red-shouldered hawk, hooded and black-throated blue warbler, could be recruited as breeding species in any given year. The western portion of the site contains minimal trails and likely does not receive the same recreational impact as the east side.
The study area is largely forest cover, scoring “good” (L2) for forest habitat patch quality (Map 7). The forest and wetland communities are made up of high quality patches and there is substantial mature forest supporting a diverse group of sensitive species. The meadow habitat supports several important fauna species.
3.2 Site Recommendations
The following table illustrates the contributions made by the Dagmar Study Area toward the quality distribution and quantity indicators, along with site-specificrecommendations for potential improvements. It is important when considering the indicators in Table 3 to keep in mind the varying degrees of interdependence between them. These indicators have been selected as a means for describing important aspects of a natural system, a system that exists as a whole, encompassing a network of closely related and inter-dependent factors. It would be incorrect and misleading to view any one of these indicators in isolation from the others.
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Table 3: Summary and Recommendations for the Dagmar Study Area by Indicator
INDICATOR DAGMAR STUDY AREA SUMMARY
RECOMMENDATIONS
Quality Distribution
Size,Shape, & ForestInterior
23 area-sensitive forest-fauna species, three of which require in excess of 100 ha of forest
selectively restore forest habitat in some of the open patches within the study area to increase habitat interior & improve size. This would improve the opportunities for interior species such as wood thrush. Note that some of the larger meadows hold significant species such as grasshopper sparrow and bobolink.
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MatrixInfluence
Matrix is largely natural with some agriculture, interspersed with fairly extensive low-density residential. These mixed land-uses combine for a total matrix influence score of 4 out of 5 (good). A large amount of matrix impact is exerted through visitor pressure – involving both local residents and visitors from further afield – on the trail system.- all of the 91 floraspecies of concern are sensitive to development
- all of the 29 fauna species of concern are sensitive to development
Located in north-east section of TRCA jurisdiction where there is little urbanization.
Mitigate impacts of public use: Design trail system that continues to avoid the western portion of the site and allows significant biodiversity of the area to thrive Implement and enforce by-laws requiring proper trail use Cluster trails to perimeter in more disturbed area to the east with buffer zone
Encourage stewardship from neighbouring landowners:
Buffer nearby agricultural land and support Best Management Practices (BMPs) Work with landowners to mitigate or remove damns and other disturbances to natural cover Prevent further invasive species spread into high-quality natural areas, especially the mature forests. Manage dog-strangling vine, black locust, garlic mustard and European buckthornRetain and restore natural cover using the target system
TRCA region can retain range of flora, fauna, and communities only if we protect the diverse parts of jurisdiction such as this one.
Quantity The study area contains 181 ha of natural cover. This contributes 1.7% to the total natural cover within the Duffins watershed. Of this, 117.5 ha are forest that amount to 1.6 % of the watershed total. There are 30 ha of wetland and aquatic communities
Maintenance of the terrestrial natural heritage system at Dagmar will ensure that habitat is available for recruitment of additional individuals and species of flora and fauna as quality improves
Maintain/enhance continuous links between habitat patches
Judicious positioning of restoration projects will have far reaching effects on all other Indicator categories.
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3.2.1 Quality Distribution Recommendations
If any one of the three landscape measures (size, shape or matrix influence) within the study area were to be diminished, the area would decline in habitat patch total score, perhaps to the extent of introducing “fair” quality patches into the area (i.e. the next category down). Efforts should be made to maintain or even improve the habitat patch total score of the study area, bolstering this highly significant area to afford sufficient resilience to any future developments in the local landscape.
Optimize Patch Size & Shape, Forest Interior
The larger the habitat block, the more resilient the fauna and flora communities are to developments within the landscape. Restoration of currently open areas adjacent to and within the study area will enhance the overall size of the continuous forest block on the site, leading in turn to an increase in the forest interior available for interior obligate species. However, it is important to note that at least one of the larger meadow patches currently supports fauna species of concern that require such habitat (particularly the regionally scarce grasshopper sparrow).
Increasing the size of habitat patches (and thus enhancing forest interior) is an effective way of mitigating the negative effects of human disturbance since the impacts of such disturbance are spread and dissipated over a wider area of natural cover. Since it is unlikely that human disturbance levels will decrease in the future, the only way to maintain the area’s high quality natural system is to take steps to mitigate the impacts.
Minimize Negative Matrix Influence
The negative impacts associated with the existing low-density residential developments are already well-established (presence of domestic cats; artificially higher populations of human-sponsored animals such as raccoon, eastern chipmunk, blue jay; mowing conservation lands as an extensions of yards) and at this stage little can be done to mitigate these negative effects other than through education of local residents. Invasive non-native species could be a result of landowners but more likely they appeared through recreational or agricultural land-use (depending on the species). These plants have not yet overcome the natural system here and management is still an option.
The main change in matrix influence will likely originate with potential increases in the number of non-local visitors. It is important in developing a new trail system for Dagmar that high standards are set for the use of the trail at the very beginning so that users (both local and non-local) do not become accustomed to inappropriate behaviour on the trail system. The use of motorized vehicles, nocturnal bike-riding, and off-leash dog-walking should be actively prohibited from the outset.
Residential land uses should be kept from intruding onto this site. Non-natural land uses in general should be kept to specific areas with wide buffer zones around them.
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Any development within or in the vicinity of the study area will exert negative matrix influence on this relatively unspoiled area by the loss of natural cover in the matrix. On the other hand, encouraging increased natural cover on adjacent lands can further enhance the matrix. Landowner stewardship should inform neighbouring landowners on the value of natural cover. Community involvement in this local natural area would ensure that some human-influenced impacts on the communities and species would be diminished.
3.2.2 Quantity Recommendations
Maintaining the quantity of natural cover present at Dagmar is important to the long-term terrestrial biodiversity at this site along with neighbouring natural areas. The more natural cover that is retained, the better it can support a variety of species and therefore be better able to cope with various stressors that are being imposed on our natural heritage systems.
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4.0 References
Cadman, M.D., P.F.J. Eagles, and F.M. Helleiner, 1987. “Atlas of Breeding Birds of Ontario.” Federation of Ontario Naturalists, Long Point Bird Observatory. University of Waterloo Press, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Gutzwiller, K.J. and S.H. Anderson, 1999. “Spatial extent of human-intrusion effects on subalpine bird distributions.” Condor 101:378-389.
Lee, H.T., W.D. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig and S. McMurray, 1998. Ecological Land Classification for Southern Ontario: First Approximation and its Application. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Science Section, Science Development and Transfer Branch. SCSS Field Guide FG
OMNR, 1993. “Southern Ontario Wetland Evaluation, Data and Scoring Record: Wilcox – St. George Wetland Complex. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Aurora District.
OMNR, 2000. “Provincially Significant Wilcox – St. George Wetland Complex”. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Aurora District.
OMNR, 2001. “Inventory of the Lake Wilcox Kettle Wetlands & Uplands Area of Natural and Scientific Interest.” Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southern Region, Aurora District.
Rosenburg, K.V., R.W. Rohrbaugh, Jr., S.E. Barker, J.D. Lowe, R.S. Hames and A.A. Dhondt, 1999. A land managers guide to improving habitat for scarlet tanagers and other forest-interior birds. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
TRCA, 2007a. Evaluating and Designing Terrestrial Natural Systems. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA, 2007b. Setting Terrestrial Natural Heritage System Targets. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA, 2007c. Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program Data Collection Methodology. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA, 2007d. The Terrestrial Natural Heritage System Strategy. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA, 2007e. Vegetation Community and Species Ranking and Scoring Method. Toronto and Region Conservation Authority.
University of New South Wales (2007, September 12). A Dog In The Hand Scares Birds In The Bush. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 23, 2007, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2007/09/070905095349.htm
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LAKERIDGERD
CONCESSION7
UXBRIDG
E-PICKE
RINGTOW
NLINE
SIDELIN
E4
NOTE: All flora specieswith their associated scoresfor sensitivity to developmentcan be found in Appendix #2.
Date: January 2008
Map 5:Scores for Matrix Influenceand Flora Sensitivity to
Development
0 200 400 600 800100Meters
-Legend
5 - Excellent
4 - Good
3 - Fair
2 - Poor
1 - Very Poor
0 - Species benefits significantly from development-related disturbances1 - Species experiences no overall benefit or detriment from development-related disturbances (neutral)2 - Species receives slight negative impact from development-related disturbances3 - Species receives significant negative impact from development-related disturbances4 - Species receives moderately severe negative impact from development-related disturbances5 - Species receives severe negative impact from development-related disturbances
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Orthophotography*
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LAKERIDGERD
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SIDELIN
E4
Map 6:Scores for Matrix Influenceand Fauna Sensitivity to
Development
NOTE: All fauna specieswith their associatedscores for sensitivity todevelopment can be foundin Appendix #3.
Fauna Sensitivity to Development Scores
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* Fauna Species ( )) Frog Species
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Habitat MatrixInfluence Scores*
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Date: January 2008Orthophoto: Spring 2005, First Base Solutions Inc.
Landscape analysis based on 2002Orthophotography
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E4
Map 7:Habitat Patch
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Legend
Date: January 2008
0 200 400 600 800100Meters
- Habitat Patch Quality
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Orthophoto: Spring 2005, First BaseSolutions Inc.
Landscape analysis based on2002 Orthophotography*
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Date:January2008
05
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Map
9:DistributionofFauna
RegionalSpecies
ofConcern
.
Date:January2008
05
1015
2.5
Kilometers
LegendAgricultural&
RuralArea
Built-upArea
DesignatedGreenfieldArea
GreenbeltArea
Watershed
TRCAJurisdiction
FaunaSpecies
ofConcern(L1-L3)
#S
Dagmar
StudyArea
LAKERIDGERD
CONCESSIO
N7 UXB
RIDGE-PI
CKERING
TOWNLIN
E
Orthophoto: Spring 2005, First BaseSolutions Inc.
Date: January 2008
Map 10:Vegetation Communitieswith their Associated
Local Ranks
LAKERIDGERD
CONCESSIO
N7 UXB
RIDGE-PI
CKERING
TOWNLIN
E
-0 150 300 450 60075
Meters
Vegetation Community RanksLegend
DagmarStudy Area
L1
L4
L5
L2
L3
L+
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LAKERIDGERD
CONCESSIO
N7
UXBRIDG
E-PICKE
RINGTOW
NLINE
SIDELIN
E4
Map 11:Location of FloraSpecies of ConcernDate: January 2008
Orthophoto: Spring 2005, FirstBase Solutions Inc.
0 150 300 450 60075Meters
-Legend
Dagmar Study Area
Flora Species of Concern (L1-L3)
L3#S
L2#S
L1#S
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CONCESSIO
N7
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E RD
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CONCESSIO
N7
LAKERIDGERD
CHALK LAK
E RD
UXBRIDG
E-PICKE
RINGTOW
NLINE
LegendMap 12:
Flora HabitatDependence Scores
Flora Habitat Dependence Scores
NOTE: All flora specieswith their associated scoresfor habitat dependence canbe found in Appendix #2.
0 150 300 45075Meters
-Dagmar Study Area
Date: January 2008Orthophoto: Spring 2005, First
Base Solutions Inc.
#S 5 - Extreme habitat specialist#S 4 - Strong habitat specialist
#S 2 - Moderate habitat generalist#S 1 - Strong habitat generalist#S 0 - Extreme habitat generalist
#S 3 - Moderate habitat specialist
( Flora Species
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") LAKERIDGERD
CONCESSION7
UXBRIDG
E-PICKE
RINGTOW
NLINE
SIDELIN
E4
Legend
Map 13:Location of FaunaSpecies of Concern
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")")
")
")
") LAKERIDGERD
CONCESSION7
UXBRIDG
E-PICKE
RINGTOW
NLINE
SIDELIN
E4
-0 150 300 450 60075
Meters
Dagmar Study Area
Fauna Speciesof Concern
Frog Speciesof Concern
Date: January 2008Orthophoto: Spring 2005, First
Base Solutions Inc.
L1#*
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")
")
CONCESSIO
N7
LAKERIDGERD
CHALK LAK
E RD
UXBRIDG
E-PICKE
RINGTOW
NLINE
#*#*
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")")")
")
")
CONCESSIO
N7
LAKERIDGERD
CHALK LAK
E RD
UXBRIDG
E-PICKE
RINGTOW
NLINE
Map 14:Fauna Species of ConcernHabitat Dependence
Scores
NOTE: All fauna specieswith their associated scoresfor habitat dependence canbe found in Appendix #3.
Fauna Habitat Dependence Scores
Legend
-0 150 300 450 60075
Meters
Dagmar Study Area
5 - Extreme habitat specialist4 - Strong habitat specialist3 - Moderate habitat specialist2 - Moderate habitat generalist1 - Strong habitat generalist0 - Extreme habitat generalist
$T
$T
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")
")
")
")
")
")
T Fauna Species
( )) Frog SpeciesDate: January 2008
Orthophoto: Spring 2005, FirstBase Solutions Inc.
Ap
pen
dix
1: L
ist
of
Veg
etat
ion
Co
mm
uniti
es F
oun
d in
Dag
mar
Stu
dy
Are
a in
200
1 Are
aLo
cal
Geo
ph
y.Lo
cal
ELC
Veg
etat
ion
Typ
e#
ha
Dis
trib
.R
equi
r.R
ank
Co
de
(* in
dica
tes
pres
ent a
s in
clus
ion
and/
or c
ompl
ex o
nly)
Fore
stFO
C4-
1Fr
esh-
Moi
st W
hite
Ced
ar C
onife
rous
For
est
1.75
22
4L4
FOD
3-1
Dry
-Fre
sh P
opla
r D
ecid
uous
For
est
19.2
42
02
L5FO
D3-
2D
ry-F
resh
Pap
er B
irch
Dec
iduo
us F
ores
t3.
062
13
L4FO
D4-
2D
ry-F
resh
Whi
te A
sh D
ecid
uous
For
est*
20
2L5
FOD
5-1
Dry
-Fre
sh S
ugar
Map
le D
ecid
uous
For
est
43.0
41
01
L5FO
D5-
2D
ry-F
resh
Sug
ar M
aple
- B
eech
Dec
iduo
us F
ores
t*1
01
L5FO
D5-
8D
ry-F
resh
Sug
ar M
aple
- W
hite
Ash
Dec
iduo
us F
ores
t2.
072
02
L5C
UP
1-c
Bla
ck L
ocus
t Dec
iduo
us P
lant
atio
n5.
513
03
L+C
UP
3-1
Red
Pin
e C
onife
rous
Pla
ntat
ion
5.01
20
2L5
CU
P3-
2W
hite
Pin
e C
onife
rous
Pla
ntat
ion
33.8
92
02
L5C
UP
3-3
Sco
tch
Pin
e C
onife
rous
Pla
ntat
ion
1.29
10
1L+
CU
P3-
8W
hite
Spr
uce
- Eur
opea
n La
rch
Con
ifero
us P
lant
atio
n2.
152
02
L5C
UP
3-A
Res
tora
tion
Con
ifero
us P
lant
atio
n*5
05
L5C
UP
3-C
Whi
te S
pruc
e C
onife
rous
Pla
ntat
ion
0.49
20
2L5
Suc
cess
iona
lC
UT1
-1S
umac
Cul
tura
l Thi
cket
4.25
10
1L5
CU
T1-b
Buc
ktho
rn C
ultu
ral T
hick
et*
30
3L+
CU
T1-c
Exo
tic C
ultu
ral T
hick
et1.
424
04
L+C
US
1-A
Nat
ive
Cul
tura
l Sav
anna
h*2
02
L5C
US
1-A
2W
hite
Pin
e C
ultu
ral S
avan
nah
1.72
41
5L3
CU
W1-
A2
Whi
te P
ine
Cul
tura
l Woo
dlan
d*4
15
L3
Wet
land
SW
C1-
1W
hite
Ced
ar M
iner
al C
onife
rous
Sw
amp*
22
4L4
SW
C2-
2H
emlo
ck M
iner
al C
onife
rous
Sw
amp
4.28
43
7L2
SW
C3-
1W
hite
Ced
ar O
rgan
ic C
onife
rous
Sw
amp
18.0
82
35
L3S
WC
A-A
Hem
lock
Org
anic
Con
ifero
us S
wam
p*5
38
L2S
WM
1-1
Whi
te C
edar
- H
ardw
ood
Min
eral
Mix
ed S
wam
p1.
702
24
L4S
WD
2A
sh M
iner
al D
ecid
uous
Sw
amp
Eco
site
*2
24
L4S
WD
4-4
Yel
low
Birc
h M
iner
al D
ecid
uous
Sw
amp
0.62
42
6L3
Tota
lS
core
Ap
pen
dix
1: L
ist
of
Veg
etat
ion
Co
mm
uniti
es F
oun
d in
Dag
mar
Stu
dy
Are
a in
200
1 Are
aLo
cal
Geo
ph
y.Lo
cal
ELC
Veg
etat
ion
Typ
e#
ha
Dis
trib
.R
equi
r.R
ank
Co
de
(* in
dica
tes
pres
ent a
s in
clus
ion
and/
or c
ompl
ex o
nly)
Tota
lS
core
MA
M2-
7H
orse
tail
Min
eral
Mea
dow
Mar
sh0.
213
25
L3M
AM
2-9
Jew
elw
eed
Min
eral
Mea
dow
Mar
sh0.
272
13
L4M
AM
3-9
Forb
Org
anic
Mea
dow
Mar
sh0.
373
36
L3M
AS
3-1A
Bro
ad-le
aved
Cat
tail
Org
anic
Sha
llow
Mar
sh0.
622
35
L3
Aq
uatic
SA
S1-
2W
ater
wee
d S
ubm
erge
d S
hallo
w A
quat
ic4
15
L3S
AM
1M
ixed
Sha
llow
Aqu
atic
Eco
site
41
5L3
OA
O1-
TTu
rbid
Ope
n A
quat
ic (
dist
urbe
d)0.
09L+
Mea
do
wC
UM
1-A
Nat
ive
Forb
Old
Fie
ld M
eado
w25
.90
10
1L5
4.33
Ap
pen
dix
2:
List
of
flora
sp
ecie
s fo
und
in D
agm
ar S
tud
y A
rea
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
plan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Mon
eses
uni
flora
one-
flow
ered
pyr
ola
45
55
19L1
Osm
unda
cla
yton
iana
inte
rrup
ted
fern
45
55
19L1
Vibu
rnum
lant
anoi
des
(V. a
lnifo
lium
)ho
bble
bush
54
55
19L1
Ara
bis
glab
rato
wer
mus
tard
44
54
17L2
Asc
lepi
as e
xalta
tapo
ke m
ilkw
eed
45
44
17L2
Cal
yste
gia
spith
amae
a ss
p. s
pith
amae
alo
w b
indw
ind
44
45
17L2
Car
ex a
quat
ilis
wat
er o
r G
oode
noug
h's
sedg
e4
45
417
L2C
optis
trifo
lia (
C. g
roen
land
ica)
gold
thre
ad3
55
518
L2C
ornu
s ca
nade
nsis
bunc
hber
ry3
55
518
L2C
ysto
pter
is te
nuis
(C
ysto
pter
is fr
agili
s va
r.mac
kayi
)M
acka
y's
fragi
le fe
rn3
45
517
L2D
icen
tra c
ucul
laria
Dut
chm
an's
bre
eche
s3
45
517
L2D
ryop
teris
clin
toni
ana
Clin
ton'
s w
ood
fern
35
54
17L2
Epilo
bium
stri
ctum
dow
ny w
illow
-her
b4
45
417
L2H
uper
zia
luci
dula
(Ly
copo
dium
luci
dulu
m)
shin
ing
club
-mos
s3
55
518
L2Ju
ncus
bra
chyc
epha
lus
smal
l-hea
ded
rush
53
54
17L2
Lyco
podi
um d
endr
oidi
um (
L. o
bscu
rum
var
. den
droi
deum
roun
d-br
anch
ed g
roun
d-pi
ne3
55
518
L2M
edeo
la v
irgin
iana
Indi
an c
ucum
ber-
root
35
45
17L2
Mon
otro
pa h
ypop
ithys
pine
sap
34
55
17L2
Osm
unda
cin
nam
omea
cinn
amon
fern
25
55
17L2
Osm
unda
reg
alis
var
. spe
ctab
ilis
roya
l fer
n3
55
518
L2P
lata
nthe
ra h
yper
bore
a (H
aben
aria
hyp
erbo
rea)
nort
hern
or
tall
gree
n or
chis
34
55
17L2
Sym
phor
icar
pos
albu
s va
r. al
bus
snow
berr
y (lo
w o
r na
tive)
44
45
17L2
Thel
ypte
ris n
oveb
orac
ensi
sN
ew Y
ork
fern
34
55
17L2
Verb
ena
stric
taho
ary
verv
ain
45
44
17L2
Adi
antu
m p
edat
umno
rthe
rn m
aide
nhai
r fe
rn2
35
515
L3A
llium
tric
occu
mw
ild le
ek o
r ra
mps
23
44
13L3
Ana
phal
is m
arga
ritac
eape
arly
eve
rlast
ing
34
43
14L3
Ane
mon
e ac
utilo
ba (
Hep
atic
a ac
utilo
ba)
shar
p-lo
bed
hepa
tica
24
45
15L3
Aqu
ilegi
a ca
nade
nsis
wild
col
umbi
ne2
43
514
L3A
ster
ool
enta
ngie
nsis
(A
. azu
reus
)sk
y-bl
ue o
r az
ure
aste
r4
34
314
L3A
ster
uro
phyl
lus
(A. s
agitt
ifoliu
s)ar
row
-leav
ed a
ster
43
43
14L3
Car
ex b
acki
iB
ack'
s or
har
d-le
aved
sed
ge4
35
315
L3C
arex
bre
vior
shor
t-fru
ited
sedg
e4
34
314
L3C
arex
bru
nnes
cens
ssp
. bru
nnes
cens
brow
nish
sed
ge3
34
414
L3C
arex
cep
halo
phor
aov
al-h
eade
d se
dge
52
53
15L3
Car
ex d
iand
rale
sser
pan
icle
d se
dge
43
54
16L3
Car
ex d
ispe
rma
two-
seed
ed o
r so
ft-le
aved
sed
ge3
35
415
L3C
arex
gra
cile
scen
sra
ther
sle
nder
sed
ge5
24
314
L3C
arex
inte
rior
inla
nd o
r pr
airie
sta
r se
dge
32
54
14L3
Car
ex la
eviv
agin
ata
smoo
th-s
heat
hed
sedg
e2
44
414
L3C
arex
lept
alea
ssp
. lep
tale
abr
istle
-sta
lked
sed
ge3
35
415
L3C
arex
lept
oner
via
(C. l
axifl
ora
var.
lept
oner
via)
few
- or
fine-
nerv
ed w
ood
sedg
e4
34
314
L3C
arex
lurid
asa
llow
sed
ge5
24
516
L3C
arex
sca
brat
aro
ugh
sedg
e3
34
313
L3C
arex
tris
perm
a va
r. tri
sper
ma
thre
e-se
eded
sed
ge3
35
415
L3C
arex
utri
cula
ta (
C. r
ostra
ta v
ar. u
tricu
lata
)be
aked
or
bottl
e-sh
aped
sed
ge3
35
415
L3C
inna
latif
olia
nodd
ing
woo
d re
ed3
35
314
L3C
ircae
a al
pina
smal
ler
ench
ante
r's n
ight
shad
e2
45
415
L3
Ap
pen
dix
2:
List
of
flora
sp
ecie
s fo
und
in D
agm
ar S
tud
y A
rea
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
plan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Clin
toni
a bo
real
isye
llow
clin
toni
a or
blu
ebea
d lil
y2
54
516
L3C
ornu
s ru
gosa
roun
d-le
aved
dog
woo
d3
44
314
L3D
epar
ia a
cros
ticho
ides
(A
thyr
ium
thel
ypte
rioid
es)
silv
ery
glad
e fe
rn o
r sp
leen
wor
t4
45
316
L3D
esm
odiu
m g
lutin
osum
poin
ted-
leav
ed ti
ck-tr
efoi
l3
44
516
L3D
ryop
teris
cris
tata
cres
ted
woo
d fe
rn2
44
414
L3El
odea
can
aden
sis
(Ana
char
is c
anad
ensi
s)co
mm
on e
lode
a or
wat
er-w
eed
33
53
14L3
Equi
setu
m fl
uvia
tile
wat
er h
orse
tail
24
54
15L3
Equi
setu
m s
cirp
oide
sdw
arf s
cour
ing
rush
24
55
16L3
Equi
setu
m s
ylva
ticum
woo
dlan
d ho
rset
ail
33
54
15L3
Gym
noca
rpiu
m d
ryop
teris
oak
fern
23
55
15L3
Ham
amel
is v
irgin
iana
witc
h-ha
zel
24
44
14L3
Hyd
roco
tyle
am
eric
ana
mar
sh p
enny
wor
t3
44
415
L3Ju
glan
s ci
nere
abu
ttern
ut2
44
414
L3La
rix la
ricin
ata
mar
ack
34
44
15L3
Lobe
lia in
flata
Indi
an to
bacc
o4
44
416
L3M
itche
lla r
epen
spa
rtrid
gebe
rry
24
45
15L3
Mite
lla n
uda
nake
d m
itrew
ort
24
55
16L3
Mon
otro
pa u
niflo
raIn
dian
-pip
e2
45
516
L3M
yoso
tis la
xasm
alle
r fo
rget
-me-
not
54
34
16L3
Ory
zops
is a
sper
ifolia
whi
te-fr
uite
d or
rou
gh-le
aved
mou
ntai
n-ric
e2
44
515
L3O
smor
hiza
cla
yton
iiw
oolly
sw
eet c
icel
y3
44
415
L3O
xalis
ace
tose
lla s
sp. m
onta
na (
O. m
onta
na)
pink
woo
d-so
rrel
43
44
15L3
Pic
ea g
lauc
aw
hite
spr
uce
35
43
15L3
Pile
a fo
ntan
asp
ring
clea
rwee
d3
44
415
L3P
oa s
altu
ensi
stw
o-ra
yed
poa
or b
ushy
pas
ture
spe
ar g
rass
43
53
15L3
Pol
ygon
atum
pub
esce
nsdo
wny
Sol
omon
's s
eal
24
55
16L3
Pol
ygon
um a
mph
ibiu
m (
P. n
atan
s; P
. coc
cine
um)
wat
er s
mar
twee
d2
44
414
L3P
olys
tichu
m a
cros
ticho
ides
Chr
istm
as fe
rn2
35
515
L3P
yrol
a el
liptic
ash
inle
af2
44
414
L3Sc
hiza
chne
pur
pura
scen
s ss
p. p
urpu
rasc
ens
purp
le o
r fa
lse
mel
ic g
rass
33
35
14L3
Sisy
rinch
ium
mon
tanu
mbl
ue-e
yed
gras
s3
34
414
L3St
rept
opus
ros
eus
rose
twis
ted-
stal
k2
44
515
L3Ta
xus
cana
dens
isC
anad
a ye
w o
r gr
ound
hem
lock
24
45
15L3
Trie
ntal
is b
orea
lis s
sp. b
orea
lisst
ar-fl
ower
24
45
15L3
Trill
ium
ere
ctum
red
trill
ium
or
stin
king
Joh
nny
24
35
14L3
Trill
ium
gra
ndifl
orum
whi
te tr
illiu
m1
44
514
L3U
vula
ria g
rand
iflor
ala
rge-
flow
ered
bel
lwor
t2
45
516
L3Ve
roni
ca a
mer
ican
aA
mer
ican
spe
edw
ell o
r br
ookl
ime
33
44
14L3
Vero
nica
cat
enat
a (V
. ana
galli
s-aq
uatic
a ss
p. c
aten
ata)
wat
er s
peed
wel
l (na
tive)
53
44
16L3
Vibu
rnum
ace
rifol
ium
map
le-le
aved
vib
urnu
m2
34
514
L3Vi
ola
blan
da (
V. in
cogn
ita)
swee
t whi
te v
iole
t3
44
314
L3Vi
ola
cucu
llata
mar
sh b
lue
viol
et3
34
414
L3Vi
ola
rost
rata
long
-spu
rred
vio
let
34
43
14L3
Ace
r ru
brum
red
map
le2
42
513
L4A
cer
spic
atum
mou
ntai
n m
aple
23
44
13L4
Act
aea
pach
ypod
aw
hite
ban
eber
ry2
34
312
L4A
mel
anch
ier
arbo
rea
(A. c
anad
ensi
s m
isap
plie
d)do
wny
ser
vice
berr
y or
Jun
eber
ry2
24
311
L4A
pocy
num
and
rosa
emifo
lium
spre
adin
g do
gban
e2
33
311
L4
Ap
pen
dix
2:
List
of
flora
sp
ecie
s fo
und
in D
agm
ar S
tud
y A
rea
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
plan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Aris
aem
a tri
phyl
lum
Jack
-in-th
e-pu
lpit
13
34
11L4
Bet
ula
alle
ghen
iens
is (
B. l
utea
)ye
llow
or
curly
birc
h1
43
513
L4B
etul
a pa
pyrif
era
pape
r or
whi
te b
irch
14
24
11L4
Cal
tha
palu
stris
mar
sh m
arig
old
24
34
13L4
Car
dam
ine
diph
ylla
(D
enta
ria d
iphy
lla)
broa
d- o
r tw
o-le
aved
toot
hwor
t2
34
413
L4C
arex
alb
ursi
na (
C. l
axifl
ora
var.
latif
olia
)w
hite
bea
r se
dge
23
53
13L4
Car
ex a
rcta
tano
ddin
g w
ood
sedg
e2
42
311
L4C
arex
com
mun
isfib
rous
-roo
ted
sedg
e2
43
312
L4C
arex
dew
eyan
aD
ewey
's s
edge
24
33
12L4
Car
ex g
raci
llim
agr
acef
ul s
edge
43
42
13L4
Car
ex la
cust
risla
ke-b
ank
sedg
e3
33
413
L4C
arex
laxi
flora
loos
e-flo
wer
ed s
edge
33
43
13L4
Car
ex p
ecki
i (C
. nig
rom
argi
nata
var
. elli
ptic
a)P
eck'
s se
dge
32
43
12L4
Car
ex p
edun
cula
taea
rly-fl
ower
ing
sedg
e2
33
311
L4C
arex
pen
sylv
anic
aP
enns
ylva
nia
sedg
e2
43
413
L4C
arex
spa
rgan
ioid
esbu
r-re
ed s
edge
22
52
11L4
Car
ex s
pren
gelii
long
-bea
ked
sedg
e3
44
213
L4C
arex
stri
cta
tuss
ock
sedg
e2
33
412
L4C
arya
cor
difo
rmis
bitte
rnut
hic
kory
24
42
12L4
Cor
ylus
cor
nuta
(C
. ros
trata
)be
aked
haz
el2
43
413
L4C
rata
egus
mac
raca
ntha
(C
. suc
cule
nta
var.
mac
raca
ntha
) lon
g-sp
ined
haw
thor
n2
24
311
L4C
ysto
pter
is b
ulbi
fera
bulb
let f
ern
14
44
13L4
Dan
thon
ia s
pica
tapo
vert
y oa
t gra
ss2
43
413
L4D
ryop
teris
inte
rmed
ia (
D. s
pinu
losa
var
. int
erm
edia
)ev
ergr
een
woo
d fe
rn2
43
312
L4D
ryop
teris
mar
gina
lism
argi
nal w
ood
fern
13
34
11L4
Epifa
gus
virg
inia
nabe
ech-
drop
s2
34
211
L4Fa
gus
gran
difo
liaA
mer
ican
bee
ch1
43
412
L4Fr
axin
us n
igra
blac
k as
h2
44
313
L4G
aliu
m a
parin
ecl
eave
rs3
34
212
L4G
aliu
m p
alus
trem
arsh
bed
stra
w2
24
311
L4Ju
ncus
effu
sus
ssp.
sol
utus
soft
rush
24
43
13L4
Lyco
pus
amer
ican
usA
mer
ican
or
cut-l
eave
d w
ater
-hor
ehou
nd2
43
312
L4Ly
copu
s un
iflor
usno
rthe
rn w
ater
-hor
ehou
nd o
r bu
glew
eed
23
33
11L4
Mai
anth
emum
can
aden
seC
anad
a m
ayflo
wer
24
15
12L4
Phy
salis
het
erop
hylla
clam
my
grou
nd-c
herr
y3
23
311
L4P
inus
stro
bus
whi
te p
ine
14
34
12L4
Pod
ophy
llum
pel
tatu
mM
ay-a
pple
23
33
11L4
Pop
ulus
gra
ndid
enta
tala
rge-
toot
hed
aspe
n2
34
312
L4P
terid
ium
aqu
ilinu
m v
ar. l
atiu
scul
umea
ster
n br
acke
n2
42
412
L4Q
uerc
us r
ubra
re
d oa
k 1
42
411
L4Sc
irpus
mic
roca
rpus
(S.
rub
rotin
ctus
)ba
rber
-pol
e se
dge
or b
ulru
sh2
24
311
L4Sc
irpus
val
idus
soft-
stem
med
bul
rush
22
53
12L4
Solid
ago
junc
eaea
rly g
olde
nrod
33
42
12L4
Sym
ploc
arpu
s fo
etid
ussk
unk
cabb
age
32
43
12L4
Thel
ypte
ris p
alus
tris
var.
pube
scen
sm
arsh
fern
24
24
12L4
Thuj
a oc
cide
ntal
isw
hite
ced
ar1
41
511
L4Ti
arel
la c
ordi
folia
foam
-flow
er2
33
412
L4Ts
uga
cana
dens
isea
ster
n he
mlo
ck1
43
513
L4
Ap
pen
dix
2:
List
of
flora
sp
ecie
s fo
und
in D
agm
ar S
tud
y A
rea
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
plan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Typh
a la
tifol
iabr
oad-
leav
ed c
atta
il1
44
413
L4A
nten
naria
how
ellii
cf
ssp.
how
ellii
field
or
How
ell's
pus
syto
esL4
?A
caly
pha
virg
inic
a va
r. rh
ombo
idea
thre
e-se
eded
mer
cury
21
30
6L5
Ace
r sa
ccha
rum
ssp
. sac
char
umsu
gar
map
le1
30
26
L5A
chill
ea m
illef
oliu
m s
sp. l
anul
osum
woo
lly y
arro
w1
21
18
L5A
ctae
a ru
bra
red
bane
berr
y2
32
310
L5A
mbr
osia
arte
mis
iifol
iaco
mm
on r
agw
eed
11
40
6L5
Am
phic
arpa
ea b
ract
eata
hog-
pean
ut2
22
28
L5A
nem
one
virg
inia
na v
ar. v
irgin
iana
com
mon
thim
blew
eed
23
03
8L5
Apo
cynu
m c
anni
binu
m v
ar. c
anni
binu
mIn
dian
-hem
p do
gban
e2
23
29
L5A
ralia
nud
icau
lisw
ild s
arsa
paril
la2
32
310
L5A
scle
pias
syr
iaca
com
mon
milk
wee
d1
20
14
L5A
ster
cor
difo
lius
hear
t-lea
ved
aste
r1
10
13
L5A
ster
eric
oide
s ss
p. e
ricoi
des
(Virg
ulus
eric
oide
s)he
ath
aste
r1
12
15
L5A
ster
lanc
eola
tus
ssp.
lanc
eola
tus
pani
cled
or
tall
whi
te a
ster
12
21
6L5
Ast
er la
terif
loru
sca
lico
or o
ne-s
ided
ast
er1
23
28
L5A
ster
nov
ae-a
nglia
e (V
irgul
us n
ovae
-ang
liae)
New
Eng
land
ast
er1
22
16
L5A
ster
pun
iceu
s va
r. pu
nice
ussw
amp
or p
urpl
e-st
emm
ed a
ster
22
32
9L5
Ath
yriu
m fi
lix-fe
min
a va
r. an
gust
umno
rthe
aste
rn la
dy fe
rn1
31
38
L5B
iden
s ce
rnuu
sno
ddin
g bu
r-m
arig
old
22
33
10L5
Car
ex b
ebbi
iB
ebb'
s se
dge
12
43
10L5
Car
ex r
adia
ta (
form
erly
C. r
osea
)st
ella
te o
r st
raig
ht-s
tyle
d se
dge
22
22
8L5
Car
ex r
osea
(fo
rmer
ly C
. con
volu
ta)
curly
-sty
led
sedg
e2
23
29
L5C
arex
stip
ata
awl-f
ruite
d se
dge
23
22
9L5
Circ
aea
lute
tiana
ssp
. can
aden
sis
(C. q
uadr
isul
cata
)en
chan
ter's
nig
htsh
ade
11
11
4L5
Cor
nus
alte
rnifo
liaal
tern
ate-
leav
ed d
ogw
ood
22
12
7L5
Cra
taeg
us p
unct
ata
dotte
d ha
wth
orn
22
33
10L5
Des
mod
ium
can
aden
sesh
owy
tick-
tref
oil
22
13
8L5
Dry
opte
ris c
arth
usia
na (
D. s
pinu
losa
)sp
inul
ose
woo
d fe
rn1
32
28
L5Eq
uise
tum
arv
ense
field
or
com
mon
hor
seta
il1
21
15
L5Er
iger
on a
nnuu
san
nual
or
dais
y fle
aban
e2
20
15
L5Er
iger
on p
hila
delp
hicu
s ss
p. p
hila
delp
hicu
sP
hila
delp
hia
fleab
ane
22
01
5L5
Eryt
hron
ium
am
eric
anum
ssp
. am
eric
anum
yello
w tr
out-l
ily1
33
29
L5Eu
pato
rium
mac
ulat
um s
sp. m
acul
atum
spot
ted
Joe-
Pye
wee
d1
23
39
L5Fr
agar
ia v
irgin
iana
ssp
. virg
inia
naw
ild o
r co
mm
on s
traw
berr
y1
20
25
L5Fr
axin
us a
mer
ican
aw
hite
ash
12
03
6L5
Gal
ium
trifl
orum
swee
t-sce
nted
bed
stra
w2
22
28
L5G
eum
can
aden
sew
hite
ave
ns2
21
27
L5G
lyce
ria s
triat
afo
wl m
anna
gra
ss2
21
27
L5H
acke
lia v
irgin
iana
Virg
inia
stic
ksee
d4
20
28
L5H
ydro
phyl
lum
virg
inia
num
Virg
inia
wat
erle
af1
21
26
L5Im
patie
ns c
apen
sis
(I. b
iflor
a)or
ange
touc
h-m
e-no
t (sp
otte
d je
wel
wee
d)1
20
25
L5Le
mna
min
orco
mm
on o
r le
sser
duc
kwee
d2
24
210
L5M
aian
them
um r
acem
osum
ssp
. rac
emos
um (
Smila
cina
ra
fals
e S
olom
on's
sea
l2
32
310
L5M
aian
them
um s
tella
tum
(Sm
ilaci
na s
tella
ta)
star
ry fa
lse
Sol
omon
's s
eal
22
13
8L5
Mat
teuc
cia
stru
thio
pter
is v
ar. p
ensy
lvan
ica
ostr
ich
fern
12
22
7L5
Mon
arda
fist
ulos
aw
ild b
erga
mot
22
22
8L5
Muh
lenb
ergi
a m
exic
ana
var.
mex
ican
aco
mm
on m
uhly
gra
ss2
20
15
L5
Ap
pen
dix
2:
List
of
flora
sp
ecie
s fo
und
in D
agm
ar S
tud
y A
rea
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
plan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Ono
clea
sen
sibi
lisse
nsiti
ve fe
rn2
31
39
L5O
stry
a vi
rgin
iana
ironw
ood
13
22
8L5
Par
then
ocis
sus
inse
rta (
P. v
itace
a)th
icke
t cre
eper
22
01
5L5
Pla
ntag
o ru
gelii
red-
stem
med
or
Rug
el's
pla
ntai
n2
20
15
L5P
opul
us b
alsa
mife
ra s
sp. b
alsa
mife
raba
lsam
pop
lar
12
32
8L5
Pop
ulus
trem
uloi
des
trem
blin
g as
pen
13
13
8L5
Pre
nant
hes
altis
sim
ata
ll w
ood
lettu
ce2
32
29
L5P
runu
s se
rotin
abl
ack
cher
ry1
20
25
L5P
runu
s vi
rgin
iana
ssp
. virg
inia
nach
oke
cher
ry1
20
14
L5R
hus
rydb
ergi
i (R
. rad
ican
s ss
p. r
ydbe
rgii)
pois
on iv
y (s
hrub
form
)1
20
25
L5R
ibes
cyn
osba
tipr
ickl
y go
oseb
erry
23
22
9L5
Rub
us id
aeus
ssp
. mel
anol
asiu
s (R
. stri
gosu
s)w
ild r
ed r
aspb
erry
11
01
3L5
Rub
us o
dora
tus
purp
le-fl
ower
ing
rasp
berr
y2
22
28
L5Sa
lix e
rioce
phal
a (S
. rig
ida;
S. c
orda
ta m
isap
plie
d)na
rrow
hea
rt-le
aved
or
Mis
sour
i will
ow1
13
16
L5Sa
lix e
xigu
a (S
. int
erio
r)sa
ndba
r w
illow
21
52
10L5
Sam
bucu
s ra
cem
osa
ssp.
pub
ens
(S. p
uben
s)re
d-be
rrie
d el
der
13
22
8L5
Sang
uina
ria c
anad
ensi
sbl
oodr
oot
13
33
10L5
Smila
x he
rbac
eaca
rrio
n-flo
wer
23
22
9L5
Solid
ago
altis
sim
ata
ll go
lden
rod
12
00
3L5
Solid
ago
caes
iabl
ue-s
tem
med
gol
denr
od1
24
29
L5So
lidag
o fle
xica
ulis
zig-
zag
gold
enro
d1
13
27
L5So
lidag
o ne
mor
alis
ssp
. nem
oral
isgr
ey g
olde
nrod
22
22
8L5
Solid
ago
rugo
sa s
sp. r
ugos
aro
ugh-
stem
med
gol
denr
od3
22
29
L5Th
alic
trum
pub
esce
ns (
T. p
olyg
amum
)ta
ll m
eado
w r
ue2
32
29
L5Ti
lia a
mer
ican
aba
ssw
ood
14
23
10L5
Urti
ca d
ioic
a ss
p. g
raci
lis (
U. p
roce
ra)
Am
eric
an s
tingi
ng n
ettle
23
22
9L5
Viol
a co
nspe
rsa
dog
viol
et2
20
26
L5Vi
ola
soro
riaco
mm
on b
lue
viol
et1
20
25
L5Vi
tis r
ipar
iariv
erba
nk g
rape
11
00
2L5
Agr
ostis
gig
ante
a (A
. sto
loni
fera
var
. maj
or; A
. alb
a)re
dtop
++
++
L+A
lliar
ia p
etio
lata
(A
. offi
cina
lis)
garli
c m
usta
rd+
++
+L+
Arte
mis
ia v
ulga
rism
ugw
ort o
r w
orm
woo
d+
++
+L+
Aes
culu
s hi
ppoc
asta
num
hors
e-ch
estn
ut+
++
+L+
Bar
bare
a vu
lgar
isw
inte
r cr
ess
or y
ello
w r
ocke
t+
++
+L+
Bro
mus
iner
mis
ssp
. ine
rmis
smoo
th b
rom
e gr
ass
++
++
L+C
arex
spi
cata
spik
ed o
r E
urop
ean
mea
dow
sed
ge+
++
+L+
Cer
astiu
m fo
ntan
um (
C. v
ulga
tum
)m
ouse
-ear
chi
ckw
eed
++
++
L+C
hrys
anth
emum
leuc
anth
emum
ox-e
ye d
aisy
++
++
L+C
irsiu
m a
rven
secr
eepi
ng (
Can
ada)
this
tle+
++
+L+
Cyn
anch
um r
ossi
cum
(C
. med
ium
; Vin
ceto
xicu
m r
ossi
cum
dog-
stra
nglin
g vi
ne o
r pa
le s
wal
low
-wor
t+
++
+L+
Dac
tylis
glo
mer
ata
orch
ard
gras
s+
++
+L+
Dau
cus
caro
taQ
ueen
Ann
e's
lace
or
wild
car
rot
++
++
L+Ec
hium
vul
gare
vipe
r's b
uglo
ss o
r bl
uew
eed
++
++
L+Ep
ilobi
um p
arvi
floru
msm
all-f
low
ered
will
ow-h
erb
++
++
L+Ep
ipac
tis h
elle
borin
ehe
llebo
rine
++
++
L+Fe
stuc
a ru
bra
ssp.
rub
ra (
F. p
rolif
era)
red
fesc
ue+
++
+L+
Hes
peris
mat
rona
lisda
me'
s ro
cket
++
++
L+H
iera
cium
aur
antia
cum
oran
ge h
awkw
eed
or d
evil'
s pa
int-b
rush
++
++
L+
Ap
pen
dix
2:
List
of
flora
sp
ecie
s fo
und
in D
agm
ar S
tud
y A
rea
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
plan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Hie
raci
um c
aesp
itosu
m s
sp. c
aesp
itosu
m (
H. p
rate
nse)
yello
w o
r fie
ld h
awkw
eed
++
++
L+H
yper
icum
per
fora
tum
com
mon
St.
John
swor
t+
++
+L+
Loni
cera
x b
ella
(L.
mor
row
i x ta
taric
a)hy
brid
shr
ub o
r B
ell's
hon
eysu
ckle
++
++
L+M
alus
pum
ila (
M. d
omes
tica;
Pyr
us m
alus
)ap
ple
++
++
L+M
edic
ago
lupu
lina
blac
k m
edic
k+
++
+L+
Med
icag
o sa
tiva
ssp.
sat
iva
alfa
lfa+
++
+L+
Mel
ilotu
s al
baw
hite
sw
eet c
love
r+
++
+L+
Men
tha
spic
ata
spea
r m
int
++
++
L+M
yoso
tis s
corp
ioid
estr
ue o
r E
urop
ean
forg
et-m
e-no
t+
++
+L+
Nas
turti
um m
icro
phyl
lum
(N
. offi
cina
le v
ar. m
icro
phyl
lum
)w
ater
cres
s (s
mal
l-lea
ved)
++
++
L+N
epet
a ca
taria
catn
ip+
++
+L+
Phl
eum
pra
tens
etim
othy
gra
ss+
++
+L+
Pla
ntag
o m
ajor
broa
d-le
aved
or
com
mon
pla
ntai
n+
++
+L+
Poa
nem
oral
isw
ood
blue
gra
ss o
r sp
ear
gras
s+
++
+L+
Poa
pra
tens
is s
sp. p
rate
nsis
Ken
tuck
y bl
ue g
rass
++
++
L+P
oten
tilla
arg
ente
asi
lver
y ci
nque
foil
++
++
L+P
oten
tilla
rec
taro
ugh-
fruite
d or
sul
phur
cin
quef
oil
++
++
L+P
rune
lla v
ulga
ris s
sp. v
ulga
rishe
al-a
ll +
++
+L+
Ran
uncu
lus
acris
tall
butte
rcup
++
++
L+R
ham
nus
cath
artic
aco
mm
on o
r E
urop
ean
buck
thor
n+
++
+L+
Rob
inia
pse
udoa
caci
abl
ack
locu
st+
++
+L+
Ros
a m
ultif
lora
mul
tiflo
ra o
r Ja
pane
se r
ose
++
++
L+R
umex
obt
usifo
lius
ssp.
obt
usifo
lius
bitte
r do
ck+
++
+L+
Sola
num
dul
cam
ara
bitte
rsw
eet n
ight
shad
e+
++
+L+
Sorb
us a
ucup
aria
Eur
opea
n m
ount
ain-
ash
or r
owan
++
++
L+St
ella
ria g
ram
inea
gras
s-le
aved
chi
ckw
eed
or s
titch
wor
t+
++
+L+
Tara
xacu
m o
ffici
nale
dand
elio
n+
++
+L+
Trag
opog
on p
rate
nsis
ssp
. pra
tens
ism
eado
w g
oat's
bea
rd+
++
+L+
Tuss
ilago
farfa
raco
ltsfo
ot+
++
+L+
Verb
ascu
m th
apsu
sco
mm
on m
ulle
in+
++
+L+
Vero
nica
offi
cina
lisco
mm
on s
peed
wel
l+
++
+L+
Vibu
rnum
opu
lus
guel
der-
rose
/Eu
high
bush
cra
nber
ry+
++
+L+
Vici
a cr
acca
cow
, tuf
ted,
or
bird
vet
ch+
++
+L+
Vinc
a m
inor
periw
inkl
e+
++
+L+
Ger
aniu
m r
ober
tianu
mhe
rb R
ober
t+
?+
?+
?+
?L+
?P
inus
res
inos
are
d pi
ne4
55
519
pL1
Larix
dec
idua
Eur
opea
n la
rch
++
++
pL+
App
endi
x 3:
Lis
t of B
reed
ing
Faun
a S
peci
es F
ound
in D
agm
ar S
tudy
Are
a in
yea
r 200
7.
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
CO
DE
Sci
entif
ic N
ame
num
ber
of te
rrito
ries
LOP
TnP
TtH
DA
SM
RS
TD+
TSL-
rank
Sur
vey
Sp
ecie
s:sp
ecie
s fo
r w
hic
h t
he
TRC
A p
roto
col e
ffec
tivel
y su
rvey
s.
Bir
ds
broa
d-w
inge
d ha
wk
BW
HA
But
eo p
laty
pter
us1
32
33
51
31
21L2
veer
yV
EE
RC
atha
rus
fusc
esce
ns2
23
34
32
51
23L2
wild
turk
eyW
ITU
Mel
eagr
is g
allo
pavo
23
10
45
24
120
L2A
mer
ican
woo
dcoc
kA
MW
OSc
olop
ax m
inor
2*0
23
23
24
016
L3bl
ack-
and-
whi
te w
arbl
erB
AW
WM
niot
ilta
varia
12
12
25
24
119
L3bl
ack-
bille
d cu
ckoo
BB
CU
Coc
cyzu
s er
ythr
opth
alm
us1
13
22
32
30
16L3
Bla
ckbu
rnia
n w
arbl
erB
LBW
Den
droi
ca fu
sca
13
12
43
23
018
L3bl
ack-
thro
ated
gre
en w
arbl
erB
TNW
Den
droi
ca v
irens
222
22
33
24
018
L3bl
ue-h
eade
d vi
reo
BH
VI
Vire
o so
litar
ius
13
12
13
23
015
L3bl
ue-w
inge
d w
arbl
erB
WW
AVe
rmiv
ora
pinu
s2
32
12
32
40
17L3
brow
n cr
eepe
rB
RC
RC
erth
ia a
mer
ican
a1
12
22
33
30
16L3
east
ern
tow
hee
EA
TOP
ipilo
ery
thro
ptha
lmus
12
32
12
24
015
L3fie
ld s
parr
owFI
SP
Spiz
ella
pus
illa
31
33
22
14
016
L3N
ashv
ille
war
bler
NA
WA
Verm
ivor
a ru
ficap
illa
43
12
22
24
016
L3no
rthe
rn w
ater
thru
shN
OW
ASe
iuru
s no
vebo
race
nsis
31
12
23
25
117
L3os
prey
OS
PR
Pan
dion
hal
iaet
us1
41
22
31
30
16L3
oven
bird
OV
EN
Seiu
rus
auro
capi
llus
300
23
34
24
018
L3pi
leat
ed w
oodp
ecke
rP
IWO
Dry
ocop
us p
ileat
us1
12
23
42
30
17L3
pine
war
bler
PIW
AD
endr
oica
pin
us11
11
23
42
30
16L3
ruffe
d gr
ouse
RU
GR
Bon
asa
umbe
llus
41
32
13
25
118
L3sc
arle
t tan
ager
SC
TAP
irang
a ol
ivac
ea12
12
33
42
30
18L3
woo
d th
rush
WO
THH
yloc
ichl
a m
uste
lina
230
33
33
24
018
L3ye
llow
-bel
lied
saps
ucke
rY
BS
ASp
hyra
picu
s va
rius
13
23
22
23
017
L3ye
llow
-rum
ped
war
bler
YR
WA
Den
droi
ca c
oron
ata
33
12
23
23
016
L3be
lted
king
fishe
rB
EK
IC
eryl
e al
cyon
not m
appe
d0
32
22
22
013
L4co
mm
on y
ello
wth
roat
CO
YE
Geo
thly
pis
trich
asno
t map
ped
02
22
12
40
13L4
east
ern
blue
bird
EA
BL
Sial
ia s
ialis
not m
appe
d4
21
22
12
014
L4ea
ster
n ph
oebe
EA
PH
Sayo
rnis
pho
ebe
not m
appe
d1
22
21
21
011
L4ea
ster
n w
ood-
pew
eeE
AW
PC
onto
pus
vire
nsno
t map
ped
04
21
22
20
13L4
grea
t hor
ned
owl
GH
OW
Bub
o vi
rgin
ianu
sno
t map
ped
22
21
22
10
12L4
grea
t cre
sted
flyc
atch
erG
CFL
Myi
arcy
hus
crin
itus
not m
appe
d0
23
13
22
013
L4gr
ay c
atbi
rdG
RC
AD
umet
ella
car
olin
ensi
sno
t map
ped
03
11
12
30
11L4
hairy
woo
dpec
ker
HA
WO
Pic
oide
s vi
llosu
sno
t map
ped
02
12
32
20
12L4
indi
go b
untin
gIN
BU
Pas
serin
a cy
anea
not m
appe
d0
22
21
13
012
L4m
ourn
ing
war
bler
MO
WA
Opo
rorn
is p
hila
delp
hia
100
22
22
24
014
L4no
rthe
rn fl
icke
rN
OF L
Col
apte
s au
ratu
sno
t map
ped
03
20
12
30
11L4
red-
brea
sted
nut
hatc
hR
BN
USi
tta c
anad
ensi
sno
t map
ped
11
13
32
20
13L4
App
endi
x 3:
Lis
t of B
reed
ing
Faun
a S
peci
es F
ound
in D
agm
ar S
tudy
Are
a in
yea
r 200
7.
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
CO
DE
Sci
entif
ic N
ame
num
ber
of te
rrito
ries
LOP
TnP
TtH
DA
SM
RS
TD+
TSL-
rank
red-
eyed
vire
oR
EV
IVi
reo
oliv
aceu
sno
t map
ped
02
21
22
30
12L4
rose
-bre
aste
d gr
osbe
akR
BG
RP
heuc
ticus
ludo
vici
anus
not m
appe
d0
22
23
23
014
L4ru
by-th
roat
ed h
umm
ingb
irdR
THU
Arc
hilo
cus
colu
bris
not m
appe
d3
22
11
12
012
L4sa
vann
ah s
parr
owS
AV
SP
asse
rcul
us s
andw
iche
nsi s
not m
appe
d0
31
21
13
011
L4tr
ee s
wal
low
TRE
STa
chyc
inet
a bi
colo
rno
t map
ped
02
22
11
30
11L4
whi
te-b
reas
ted
nuth
atch
WB
NU
Sitta
car
olin
ensi
sno
t map
ped
12
13
32
20
14L4
Am
eric
an c
row
AM
CR
Cor
vus
brac
hyrh
ynch
osno
t map
ped
02
10
11
10
6L5
Am
eric
an g
oldf
inch
AM
GO
Car
duel
is tr
istis
not m
appe
d0
22
01
11
07
L5A
mer
ican
rob
inA
MR
OTu
rdus
mig
rato
rius
not m
appe
d0
12
01
11
06
L5B
altim
ore
orio
leB
AO
RIc
teru
s ga
lbul
ano
t map
ped
02
20
11
10
7L5
barn
sw
allo
wB
AR
SH
irund
o ru
stic
ano
t map
ped
02
22
11
10
9L5
blac
k-ca
pped
chi
ckad
eeB
CC
HP
oeci
le a
trica
pillu
sno
t map
ped
01
11
12
00
6L5
blue
jay
BLJ
AC
yano
citta
cris
tata
not m
appe
d0
42
01
10
08
L5br
own-
head
ed c
owbi
rdB
HC
OM
olot
hrus
ate
rno
t map
ped
02
20
11
10
7L5
Can
ada
goos
eC
AN
GB
rant
a ca
nade
nsis
not m
appe
d0
10
11
10
04
L5ce
dar
wax
win
gC
ED
WB
omby
cilla
ced
roru
mno
t map
ped
01
20
11
20
7L5
chip
ping
spa
rrow
CH
SP
Spiz
ella
pas
serin
ano
t map
ped
02
20
11
10
7L5
com
mon
gra
ckle
CO
GR
Qui
scal
us q
uisc
ula
not m
appe
d0
32
01
11
08
L5do
wny
woo
dpec
ker
DO
WO
Pic
oide
s pu
besc
ens
not m
appe
d0
21
11
21
08
L5ea
ster
n ki
ngbi
rdE
AK
ITy
rann
us ty
rann
usno
t map
ped
02
21
21
10
9L5
hous
e w
ren
HO
WR
Trog
lody
tes
aedo
nno
t map
ped
02
11
12
10
8L5
killd
eer
KIL
LC
hara
driu
s vo
cife
rus
not m
appe
d0
22
11
12
09
L5m
ourn
ing
dove
MO
DO
Zena
ida
mac
rour
ano
t map
ped
02
10
11
00
5L5
nort
hern
car
dina
lN
OC
AC
ardi
nalis
car
dina
lisno
t map
ped
02
10
12
20
8L5
red-
taile
d ha
wk
RTH
AB
uteo
jam
aice
nsis
not m
appe
d0
22
12
11
09
L5re
d-w
inge
d bl
ackb
irdR
WB
LA
gela
ius
phoe
nice
usno
t map
ped
02
20
11
30
9L5
song
spa
rrow
SO
SP
Mel
ospi
za m
elod
iano
t map
ped
02
20
12
20
9L5
Eur
opea
n st
arlin
gE
US
TSt
urnu
s vu
lgar
isno
t map
ped
L+su
mm
er ta
nage
rS
UTA
15
unrn
kd
Her
pet
ofa
una
gray
tree
frog
TGTF
Hyl
a ve
rsic
olor
12
23
23
35
121
L2sp
ring
peep
erS
PP
EP
seud
acris
cru
cife
r5
12
33
32
51
20L2
woo
d fro
gW
OFR
Ran
a sy
lvat
ica
50
23
43
25
120
L2no
rthe
rn le
opar
d fro
gLE
FRR
ana
pipi
ens
10
32
21
25
116
L3A
mer
ican
toad
AM
TOB
ufo
amer
ican
usno
t map
ped
02
21
12
40
12L4
gree
n fro
gG
RFR
Ran
a cl
amita
nsno
t map
ped
02
21
12
40
12L4
Inci
den
tal S
pec
ies:
sp
ecie
s th
at a
re r
epo
rted
on
as in
cid
enta
l to
th
e TR
CA
pro
toco
l.
App
endi
x 3:
Lis
t of B
reed
ing
Faun
a S
peci
es F
ound
in D
agm
ar S
tudy
Are
a in
yea
r 200
7.
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
CO
DE
Sci
entif
ic N
ame
num
ber
of te
rrito
ries
LOP
TnP
TtH
DA
SM
RS
TD+
TSL-
rank
Mam
mal
sha
iry-ta
iled
mol
eH
TMO
Par
asca
lops
bre
wer
i3
42
21
15
31
19L3
east
ern
chip
mun
kE
AC
HTa
mia
s st
riatu
sno
t map
ped
02
21
22
30
12L4
east
ern
cotto
ntai
l*E
AC
OSy
lvila
gus
florid
anus
not m
appe
d1
22
02
24
013
L4re
d sq
uirr
elR
ES
QTa
mia
sciu
rus
huds
onic
usno
t map
ped
22
20
12
20
11L4
whi
te-ta
iled
deer
WTD
EO
doco
ileus
virg
inia
nus
not m
appe
d1
22
13
12
012
L4gr
ay s
quirr
elG
RS
QSc
iuru
s ca
rolin
ensi
sno
t map
ped
02
20
12
00
7L5
racc
oon
RA
CC
Pro
cyon
loto
rno
t map
ped
02
11
11
10
7L5
LEG
EN
D*=
loca
l occ
urre
nce
unkn
own
LO =
loca
l occ
urre
nce
MR
= m
obili
ty r
estr
ictio
nP
Tn =
pop
ulat
ion
tren
d, c
ontin
ent-w
ide
STD
= s
ensi
tivity
to d
evel
opm
ent
PTt
= p
opul
atio
n tr
end,
TR
CA
AP
= a
dditi
onal
poi
nts
HD
= h
abita
t dep
ende
nce
TS =
tota
l sco
reA
S =
are
a se
nsiti
vity
L-ra
nk =
TR
CA
Ran
k, A
pril
2003