CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008 Integrated Water Resources Management...

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008

Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Safety Plans

Are there any links?

Dr Rainer E. Enderlein

Regional expert, UNECE, Geneva


• Acknowledgment

The following presentation uses pictures and graphs kindly prepared by my colleagues from DHI/Denmark and WHO/EURO; graphs from the WHO publication on water safety plans and a lecture from New Zealand, downloaded from the Internet


IWRM is a process, …

… which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources

… in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner

… without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems(GWP, 2004)


Implementing an IWRM process is a question of getting three pillars right (GWP, 2004):

… moving towards an enabling environment (policies, strategies and legislation for sustainable water resources management,

… putting in place the institutional framework (to implement the policies, strategies and legislation),

… setting up the management instruments (required by the institutions to do their job)


BANG!

Ecosystem services examined and taken into account

Good agricultural practice applied


BANG!



Payments for ecosystem services considered


BANG!



Reservoir releases negotiated

Groundwater use regulated


BANG!





Municipal wastewater standards enforced

Water pollution control from mining and manufacturing implemented


BANG!







Impact on the marine environment (Black Sea) considered


BANG!







Impact on the marine environment (Caspian Sea) considered

Climate change adaptation measures considered


• Water management policies, strategies and legislation also comprise water use for drinking water and discharge of waste water

• Water-quality standards and pollution charges are part of the legislation

• Monitoring of surface waters and groundwater as well as source water quality

IWRM – importance for water supply and sanitation


By the time monitoring shows that drinking-water maybe / is microbiologically contaminated many people may have been infected (in some cases fatally).


BANG!

Abstraction


BANG!

Abstraction

Sub-basin (catchment)


Two principal concepts

– Product Quality Control (QC) monitors compliance with standards

QC tells us that something has gone wrong after it had happened.


Two principal concepts

– Product Quality Control (QC) monitors compliance with standards

QC tells us that something has gone wrong after it had happened.

– Process Quality Assurance (QA) uses risk management

QA tries to stop that something is going wrong.


Water Safety Plans are a major Quality Assurance (QA) tool for drinking water quality management


Water safety plan

The objectives of a water safety plan are to ensure safe drinking-water through good water supply practice to:

• Prevent contamination of source waters;

• Treat the water to reduce or remove contamination to the extent necessary to meet the water quality targets; and

• Prevent re-contamination during storage, distribution and handling of drinking-water.


What are the hazards ?

What events could occur ?

What could be their effect on public health?


HAZARD CONSEQUENCEEVENT

E. Coli Chlorinator

fails

People are

sick


For each event:

• How severe would the public health consequences be? [Severity]

• How likely is the event to happen ? [Frequency]


Likelihood ranking

Description

Rare May occur only in exceptional circumstances (once in 1000 years)

Unlikely Could occur (once in 100 years)

Possible Might occur at some time (once in 10 years)

Likely Will probably occur (once in 1 or 2 years)

Almost certain Is expected to occur in most circumstances


• Decide the order of priority for managing

each risk [use a benefit/cost approach]

• Decide the order in which to make

improvements

• Develop a programme for managing the risks


• Prepare an improvement schedule,

taking into account the available

resource

• Define the responsibilities for

implementing the plan

• Specify a date for reviewing the plan


The WSP is one of the sets of drinking water quality management tools available to regulators and suppliers.

The use of the WSP and IWRM tools should be integrated, so that they combine to function as a mutually supporting system.


BANG!

Integrated Water Resources Management being implemented

Water supply and sanitation being improved

CWC workshop on water and health, Bucharest, 14-16 May 2008 Integrated Water Resources Management...

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