Curs 7
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![Page 1: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PARAZITOLOGIEcurs 7
![Page 2: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Clasa Insecta• corp - 3 segmente distincte
• 3 perechi de membre articulate• simetrie bilaterală
• înveliş extern chitinos• unele au aripi
• ap. respirator de tip traheal• 2 antene
• dezvoltare - metamorfoză• dismorfism sexual
![Page 3: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Structură
![Page 4: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Importanţa medicală
• ectoparaziţi temporari vectori activi boli infecto-contagioase
vectori mecanici
• ectoparaziţi permanenţi pediculide
![Page 5: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Clasificarea insectelor
• Ordinul Anoplura• Ordinul Aphaniptera• Ordinul Hemiptera
• Ordinul Diptera
![Page 6: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ordinul Anoplura
• insecte aptere• corp turtit dorso-ventral
• membre - gheare• hematofage
• metamorfoză incompletă• ectoparaziţi
• Fam. Pediculidae
![Page 7: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pediculus humanus var. corporis-vestimenti
(Păduchele de corp)
![Page 8: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Metamorfoza
![Page 10: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Localizare
![Page 11: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pediculoză
![Page 13: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Melanodermie(Boala vagabonzilor)
![Page 14: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Vectori
• tifosul exantematic(Rickettsia prowazekii)
• febra de tranşee(Rickettsia quintana)
• febra recurentă de păduche(Borrelia recurrentis)
![Page 15: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Tifos
![Page 16: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Febra recurentă de păduche
![Page 17: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Pediculus humanus var. capitis
(Păduchele de cap)
![Page 18: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Pediculoza capului
![Page 19: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Oul
![Page 20: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Vectori
• tifosul exantematic(Rickettsia prowazekii)
• febra de tranşee(Rickettsia quintana)
• febra recurentă de păduche(Borrelia recurrentis)
![Page 21: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Phtirius pubis
![Page 22: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Phtirioza pubiană
![Page 23: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Phtirioză
![Page 24: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
PediculidaeMăsuri profilactice
• triaj epidemiologic în colectivităţi• respecatrea regulilor de igienă
• evitarea utilizării în comun de lenjerie, haine, pieptene
• evitarea contactelor sexuale cu persoane cunoscute ocazional
![Page 25: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ordinul Aphaniptera(Siphonaptera)
• femele mai mari decât masculi• hematofage
• antene scurte - 3 articole• aptere
• a 3-a pereche de membre cea mai dezvoltată• deplasare în salturi
• femela - pigidium, spermatecă• mascul - penis• Fam. Pulicidae
![Page 26: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Fam. Pulicidae
![Page 27: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Fam. PulicidaePulex irritans (purecele omului)
![Page 28: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Spermatecă
![Page 29: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Metamorfoza
![Page 30: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Diferenţierea speciilor
![Page 31: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Rolul patogen al pulicidelor
• transmit ciuma (pesta)• transmit tifosul murin
• gazde intermediare pentru unele specii de cestode
![Page 32: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Transmiterea ciumeiMecanismul Bacot
![Page 33: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ciuma - bubon
![Page 34: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Ciumă
![Page 35: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Ciuma - focare
![Page 36: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Înţepăturăpurece
![Page 37: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Ordinul Hemiptera
• două perechi de aripi uneori rudimentare, una din perechi
membranoasă• metamorfoză incompletă
• prototorace net vizibil• hematofage
• Fam. Cimicidae
![Page 38: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Familia CimicidaeCimex lectularius (ploşniţa de pat)
![Page 39: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Metamorfoza
![Page 41: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Metamorfoza
![Page 42: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Rol patogen
• înţepătura
• vector febra recurentă
pesta bacilul Koch
virusul hepatitei B
![Page 43: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Ordinul Diptera
• două aripi bine dezvoltate• metamorfoza completă
• ochi mari, compuşi• două antene formate dintr-un nr.
variabil de articole• aripi - nervuri
![Page 45: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Clasificare
• Subordinul Nematocera - antene lungi (12- 14 articole)
• Subordinul Brahicera - antene scurte (3 articole)
![Page 46: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Subordinul Nematocera
• Fam. Culicidae• Fam. Psychodidae
• Fam. Simulidae
![Page 47: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Fam Culicidae
• Tribul Culicini (ţânţari comuni)• Tribul Anophelini
• Tribul Aedini
![Page 48: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Morfologie
![Page 49: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Culex pipiens
![Page 50: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Aedes aegypti
![Page 51: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Ţânţar Anofel
femelă mascul
![Page 52: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Rol patogen
• disconfort - înţepătură
• vectori
malaria filarioza limfatică
febra galbenă denga
meningoencefalita cu virusul West-Nile
![Page 53: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Denga
![Page 54: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Febra galbenă
![Page 55: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Malaria
![Page 56: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Criterii de diferenţiere
Anofel - Culex
![Page 57: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Ouă Anofel
![Page 58: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
larvă anofel culex
![Page 59: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Nimfe
![Page 60: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Nimfe Anofel
![Page 61: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Cap Anofel mascul femelă
![Page 62: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Cap femelă Anofel
![Page 63: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Combatere
![Page 64: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Fam. PsychodidaeGenul Phlebotomus
![Page 65: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Genul Phlebotomus
• Phlebotomus papatasii• Phlebotomus perfilievi
![Page 66: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Rol patogen
• leziuni cutanate• vector - febra papatasi
- leishmanioza - febra de Oroya
![Page 67: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Leishmanioză
![Page 68: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Veruca peruviană
![Page 69: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Fam. SimulidaeGenul Simulium - Simulium columbaczense
![Page 70: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
![Page 72: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Rol patogen
• direct - înţepătură
• vector - oncocercoza (Onchocerca volvulus)
![Page 73: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Subordinul Brahicera
Fam. Muscidae - înţepătoare - neînţepătoare
![Page 74: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Familia Muscidae
• lateral - ochi compuşi• trompa - adaptată modului de hrănire
• aripi membranoase• specii - ovipare sau larvipare
• metamorfoza completă• polifage, coprofage, hematofage
• endofile sau exofile• larvele unor specii - miaze
![Page 75: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Muscidae înţepătoare
• trompa adaptată pentru înţepat şi supt• lipsesc mandibulele şi maxilele
• buza inferioară - organ perforator• ambele sexe - hematofage
![Page 76: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Stomoxys calcitrans
![Page 77: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Rol patogen• înţepătură dureroasă
• transmite agenţi microbieni patogeni
bacilul cărbunos streptococi
clostridiile gangrenei gazoase
• vectori
tularemia febra recurentă leptospiroza poliomielita
![Page 78: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Musca tse-tse Glossina palpalis Glossina morsitans
![Page 79: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Rol patogen
• transmit tripanosomioza africană (boala somnului)• vectori biologici
• G. palpalis - vector pt. Tripanosoma brucei gambiensae
• G. morsitans - vector pt. Tripanosoma brucei rhodesiensae
![Page 80: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Tripanosomioză africană
![Page 81: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Capcană
![Page 82: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Muscidae neînţepătoare
• trompă moale şi retractilă adaptată pentru lins şi supt
• ovipare sau larvipare• culoare cenuşiu-negricioasă
• abdomen - pete• vectori mecanici
![Page 83: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Musca domestica
![Page 84: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Musca domestica - metamorfoza
![Page 85: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Rol patogen
• vector mecanic important• vehiculează agenţi patogeni de etiologie
microbiană, virală, parazitară• pot transmite:
Salmonella, Shigella v. holeric
b. difteric, b. cărbunos, b. Koch v. poliomielitice
chiste de protozoare ouă de helminţi
![Page 86: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Miaze
• boli produse la om şi animal de larvele unor specii de muscidae
• tipuri - specifice - semispecifice
- accidentale
![Page 87: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Miaze specifice
• provocate de larve care nu se pot dezvolta decât în ţesuturi vii
• Wohlfartia spp.• Hypoderma spp.
• Gasterophilus spp.• Oestrus spp
![Page 88: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Miaze semispecifice
• muscide care îşi depun ouăle sau larvele în ţesuturi
• stimulate de leziuni cutanate sau secreţii ale organismului
• Sarcophaga spp.• Calliphora spp.
• Musca domestica
![Page 89: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Miaze accidentale
• ouă sau larve depuse întâmplător la nivelul unor orificii naturale
![Page 90: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Hypoderma bovis
![Page 91: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Hypoderma bovis - larve
![Page 92: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Miaze
![Page 93: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Miaze
![Page 94: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
![Page 95: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Tratament
• extracţia larvelor cu o pensă• spălături cu antiseptice, benzină sau
cloroform• miaze profunde - tratament chirurgical
![Page 96: Curs 7](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081417/56d6cb091a28ab30169ca16a/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)