Current State of PM-Monitoring in North Rhine-Westphalia Dr. Klaus Vogt Air Quality Monitoring...

Current State ofPM-Monitoring in North Rhine-Westphalia

Dr. Klaus VogtAir Quality Monitoring Network

State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine – Westphalia (LANUV)

Vo 2 PMLAB 20100304_Heerlen

Current State of PM10-Monitoring

A: Choice of PM measurement stations

B: Equipment – calibrations – future trends

C: Data aquisition – data handling

D: Spatial interpolation of point data

E: Forecast Modelling

LANUV is responsible for Air Quality Monitoring and Assessment throughout NRW


a bundle of aspects from different points of view

A: Choice of Measurement Sites

Long term monitoring network Legal requirements Repetition measurements External requests Internet-Screening


A1: Legal Aspects

Air Quality Directive 1999/30/EC – Federal Emission Law (BImSchG)

Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC – national law in preparation

Minimum requirements, depending on zoning, population and lower/upper assessment thresholds


Messorte in Gebieten

PM10 (disko &

konti)

Ballungsraum EWZ 07 Ist09

Aachen 390.041 2

Bielefeld 324.912 3

Dortmund 949.370 4

Duisburg 1.059.862 4

Krefeld 236.516 2

Düsseldorf 969.964 3

Essen-Bochum 1.865.479 7

Hagen 300.348 3

Köln-Bonn 2.037.611 6

M.-Gladbach 260.018 2

Münster 272.951 2

Stolberg 58.294 -

Wuppertal 805.220 3

Warstein 39.316 1

Rheinisches Braunkohlerevier 310.865 2

Restgebiet 8.174.148 9

Summe 17.996.621 53

Zones and agglomerations established in NRW; minimum requirements for PM measurements


Minumum requirement of sampling sites (Annex V, extract)a) Urban background and traffic:for NO2, PM, CO, Benzene at least one station each

population Conc. > UAT UAT > Conc. > LAT not PM (PM10/2,5) not PM (PM10/2,5)

< 250.000 1 2 1 1 > 250.000 2 3 1 2

… > 750.000 3 4 1 2 > 1 Mio 4 6 2 3

> 1,5 Mio 5 7 2 3 > 2 Mio 6 8 3 4

… > 6 Mio 10 15 4 7

b) Industrial sources: due to exposition and emission density, spatial distribution

c) Ecosystems 1 per 20.000 km² 1 per 40.000 km²

Measurement sites


A2: Repetition Measurements

15 mobile containers (max. 2x2 m) within the network

Rotating principle with available ressources:First Measurements (Year 1)

When exceedance of limit value:

Air Quality Plan (Year 2-3)

Measures (Year 3 ff)

Controll Measurement (Year 4)

No longer feasible according to regulations in 2008/60/EC:

immobilisation of measurement sites when exceeding limit values


A3: External requests

Ministries (Environment, Economy, Health...) 5 Regional Governments in NRW (Köln, Düsseldorf...) 396 Municipalities (see below: Internet-Screening) NGO´s Citizen´s initiatives


A4: Internet-Screening

Searching for suspicious traffic hot spots via a simplified dispersion modell

Cooperation with city agencies for environment via an internet tool

Basis for measurement request

Cities can find and calculate their own hot spots


Air Quality Sreening NRW Searching for hot spots:

Reduced modell tool (IMMISweb) for cities via internet application (IMMIS dispersion modell by IVU Freiburg)

Calculation of PM and other components in street canyons, using reduced data on traffic and building geometry

http://www.lanuv.nrw.de/luft/ausbreitung/luft_screening.htm

http://www.ivu-umwelt.de/front_content.php?idcatart=86#luft2


Procedure for site planning and decision

Collecting and plausibility testing of ideas / requests / options /ressources

Inspection of preselected sites (problems, technical feasability...)

LANUV monitoring programme meeting in September

Report to Ministry and Regional Governments, asking for improvement proposals

Decisions in October

Preparation of measurement sites from October / January

Start of mesurement between 15.12. and 15.01.

Presentation of monitoring programme on internet


The Monitoring Network in NRW72 sites, including 15 traffic sites and 9 industrial hot spots in 2009

Main continuous measurements:- 64 x PM10 + PM2.5- 62 x NO2 - 19 x SO2 - 32 x Ozone

Main continuous measurements: - 42 x PM10 + PM2.5

- 74 x NO2 passive samplers (incl. metal and PAH analysis)

stationtypes

background

forest

industry

traffic


Background Industry

Forest

Types of Stations

Traffic


B: PM-Equipment – Calibration – Future Trends

Current Equipment:PM10: FH62 IR (14) TEOM SES (29)(101) TEOM FDMS (17) SHARP (5)

Digitel DHA 80 (35) Derenda LVS3 (1)

PM 2,5: TEOM FDMS (5) SHARP (6)(24) Leckel SEQ47/50 (12) Derenda LVS3 (1)

Trends: less devices: FH62 IR, DERENDA LVS3, TEOM FDMS

more devices: Digitel DHA 80

safety reasons: PM2.5 AEI-Network gravimetric

(ongoing testing in laboratory and field with SHARP and BAM)


PM calibration procedure

Parallel measurement at 20 sites with gravimetric reference method and continuously measuring device

Yearly statistical analysis of all data in February (RIVM spreadsheet tests , calibration factors ...)

Determination of calibration factors for different types of PM devices for the past year, using them as provisional factors for the ongoing year (sometimes individual factor for special sites)

Example 2009: 1. TEOM-FDMS (B,C und CB): * Faktor 1,132. TEOM-SES: * Faktor 1,283. FH62: * Faktor 1,284. SHARP: * Faktor 1,06

http://www.lanuv.nrw.de/luft/immissionen/ber_trend/erlaeuterungen2008.pdf


C: Data aquisition – data handling Measuring Systems for Air Quality Monitoring

Compounds of PM (total and

fractions PM10 / PM 2.5

• Lead

• Cadmium

• Nickel

• Arsenic

• Chromium

• Iron

• Zinc

• Antimon

• Benzo[a]pyrene

• Deposition of PM incl.

metallic compounds

• Soot

• Benzene and other

hydrocarbons

• Polychlorinated

Biphenyles (PCB)

• Polyhalogenated

Dibenzodioxines und

Dibenzofuranes

Major spectrum of organic and

inorganic compounds

analyzed be special

equipment:

• Continuous measuring

• Mobile GC/MS

• Mobile XREM with EDX

• Sensors and testtubes

• Meteorologic devices

• Sampling equipment

• Protective equipment for working in danger zones

Automated measuring systems

Online data

PM-measurements (analysis in lab)

Daily values

Measurements for lab analysis

Daily + monthly values

Task Force

In-site-analysis

• SO2

• NO und NO2

• Particulate Matter:

Total and PM10 / PM 2.5

• Ozone O3

Meteorological Parameters

e.g. direction and velocity of

wind, air temp, pressure etc.


Fixed station Mobile station

Laboratory analytik

LUQS-Central OfficeLANUV NRW Essen

worldwideUser... ...or

directconnected computer

IT NRW


Data flow for PM10 telemetric online measurements

Station: PM data in a frequence of 5 sec to 6 minaggregation to 0.5h-values and 24h-values

transfer via ISDN telephone line by automatic active query

Central data base: formal controls, calibration factor

transfer to internet and videotext as 24h-moving average

validation procedures (formal and professional)

Storage in central data base

internet presentation as validated daily values and exceedance day table

Yearly analyses with additional PL-controls and calibration factors

internet presentation as validated monthly

and yearly values and exceedance days


Internet presentation of PM data


EURAD-FLADIS NRW:

a combination of modell results by EURAD (RIU Köln) with measurement data at background stations in the NRW monitoring network (LUQS)

(“calibration of model results with

measured data by data assimilation”)

analysis and vizualisation of spatial data

for different components and years

(status and prognosis)

Use as background data e.g. for the internetscreening (see above)http://www.ivu-umwelt.de/front_content.php?idcatart=89#fladis1

D: Spatial Interpolation of PM point data


E: Forecast modelling in NRW

EURAD Modell of RIU Köln:

European Dispersion and Deposition Modell (used by UBA, NRW, BW)

Regional chemical aerosol transport model nested, horizontal resolution up to 1 km x 1 km four modules: meteorology (MM5), emissions (EE5), aerosols (MADE), chemistry (CTM) Forecast of immission on regional scale

Ozone, SO2, NO2, PM, CO, Benzene Additionally: modelling of annual averages

regional background values for, e.g., clean air plans

N0: Europe 125 km x 125 km

N1: Germany, 25 km x 25 km

N2: NRW, 5 km x 5 km


E: Forecast modelling in NRW, case studies (HERMINE)

Sensitivity studies for contribution of emission sources to the background concentration of PM10, PM2.5, NO2 for 2006, with

- actual emissions / basic case - no anthropogenic emissions in Germany - anthropogenic emissions only in NRW - no anthropogenic emissions in NRW - no gaseous emissions in NRW- no industrial emissions in NRW - no car emissions in NRW


E: Forecast modelling in NRW, case studies (HERMINE)

Basic case no road traffic in NRW no industry in NRW

One Result: PM10 NRW Yearly Average in µg/m³ 2006


Thanks for attention !


Mini-Container für Measurements at traffic hot spots

Mini-Container

(1.2 x 2.0 m)

Example: Street canyon at B224 in Essen


Dortmund Brackeler Straße


Measurement at the motorway A40 in Essen

Container


Area of Clean Air Plan

Area for Calculation

Lignite Pit Hambach


Lignite Pit Hambach


Source Apportionment at Point of Exceedance

1. total concentration (point of exceedance)

2. total background concentration, urban background concentration

3. regional background concentration

regional background concentration

industry (steel works)

traffic (urban canyon)

NO2, PM10


Gravimetric Method PM10


Gravimetric Method PM10

Zum Filter


Continuous Measurement PM10 (I)

Oscillating Microballance


Continuous Measurement PM10 (II)

-Absorption:


PM10-exceedances (daily mean) 2008

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

EIFE

ROTH

AABU

SOES

WUL

A

SIGH

RODE

MSG

E

LEV2

RAT2

HUE2

SOLI

HATT

SHW2

DATT

NIED

EKRY

WES

E

BIEL

KREF

LOER

BONN

BORG

MGR

H

BOST

LUEV

STYR

GELS

EVOG

BOTT

NETT

LUEA

DABA

CHOR

BUCH

DMD2

DUH3

GRGG

WAL

S

KRES

DUM2

NIZI

DUUM

DUBR

STOH

KRHA

n >

50µg/m

³

limit value

Forrest sites Background sites Industrial sites


PM10-exceedances (daily mean) 2008

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

VB

IS

VE

SN

VW

IT

VM

GR

VK

TU

VD

OR

VH

AL

VH

UE

VD

UI

VW

EL

VG

EV

VA

CW

VH

AM

VM

SW

DD

CS

n >

50µg/m

³ limit value

Traffic sites


Yearly run of PM10-concentrations in 2008

DDCS: Düsseldorf CorneliusstraßeEIFE: Simmerath (Eifel)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

01

.01

.08

15

.01

.08

29

.01

.08

12

.02

.08

26

.02

.08

11

.03

.08

25

.03

.08

08

.04

.08

22

.04

.08

06

.05

.08

20

.05

.08

03

.06

.08

17

.06

.08

01

.07

.08

15

.07

.08

29

.07

.08

12

.08

.08

26

.08

.08

09

.09

.08

23

.09

.08

07

.10

.08

21

.10

.08

04

.11

.08

18

.11

.08

02

.12

.08

16

.12

.08

30

.12

.08

[µg

/m³]


Subunit 42 LANUV: Air Quality Monitoring - Assessment and Information

Running of continuously working Monitoring network

Interpretation and assessment

Online data transfer (Internet, Videotext)

Preparation of reports….

Validation of measured results, comparison with limit values, interpretation of trends, effect-control of measures concerning air quality, reactions to requests, consultance of citizens by telephone

Lectures and speeches

Coordination of Clean-Air-Plan activities inside department 4

Current State of PM-Monitoring in North Rhine-Westphalia Dr. Klaus Vogt Air Quality Monitoring...

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