Culture

Joshua Phelps

February 28th 2005

Lecture Outline

Introduction to Culture

Culture and Social Psychology

Social Psychological Concepts and Variations across Cultures

Acculturation

My Research

Conclusion

Exam Question

Sammenlign individualistiske og kollektivistiske kulturer med utgangspunkt i ulike sosialpsykologiske fenomener.

What is Culture?

The shared way of life of a group of people, including their artifacts (such as social institutions and technology) and their symbols (such as communications and myths) (Berry et al., 2002).

Norwegian Culture

Globalization and Norwegian Culture

Culture and PsychologyQuestions (Hogg & Vaughan, 2005)

Are Western psychological theories valid in other countries?Are there psychological constructs that are culture specific?How can we evolve a psychology with universal relevance?

Types of Psychologists dealing with CultureCross-CulturalCulturalIntercultural

Universal vs. Culture-Specific Behavior

Etic-emic distinctionEtic Approach (Universal Constructs)

Emic Approach (Culture Specific)

Universals

Berry et al. (2002): Positions, roles, sanctions, norms

Aberle (1950): Prerequisites of Society

Universals

Fiske (1993): Relational TheoryCommunal Sharing

Authority Ranking

Equality Matching

Market Pricing

Cultural Variations in Behavior

NormsGreetings

Eating Habits

Dress

Amae: Japanese passive loveEmic Construct

Culture and Social Psychology

History of Neglect

Culture Bound

Culture Blind

Culture and Social Psychology

The Cultural Matrix of Social Psychology (Fiske, Kitayama, Markus, & Nisbett, 1998)

Culture Essential for Survival

Psychological Processes Linked and Bound to Culture

Matrix Figure

Values

Hofstede (1980)Power Distance-EgalitarianismUncertainty AvoidanceMasculinity-FeminityIndividualism/Collectivism

Schwartz (1992 & 1997)Openness to Change vs. ConservatismSelf-Enhancement vs. Self-Transcendence

Individualism/Collectivism

Individualism: societal structure and world view in which people prioritize standing out as an individual over fitting in as a group member

Collectivism: societal structure and world view in which people prioritize group loyalty, commitment and conformity, and belonging and fitting-in to groups over standing out as an isolated individual

Break Exercise

Hvem er jeg?5 sentences to describe yourself

Hvem er jeg?

Western Independent SelfI am optimistic.

Interdependent SelfI am Josh’s friend.

I play football on weekends

Cultural variations in social psychological principles

The SelfMarkus and Kitayama (1991): Independent vs. Interdependent Self

Figure

Evaluation and Self Esteem

Attribution

Cultural variations in social psychological principles

Conformity

Prosocial Behavior

Cognitive Dissonance

What Happens when Cultures Meet?

Intercultural Contact

AcculturationChanges in a cultural group or individual as a result of contact with another cultural group (Berry et al., 2002)

Acculturation Strategies

Individual StrategiesAssimilation, Integration, Marginalization, Separation

Societal StrategiesMelting Pot, Multiculturalism, Marginalization, Exclusion

Figure

Other Issues and Intercultural Contact

Culture Change and Cultural Diversity

Intercultural Conflict

Identity, Identity Confusion, and Identity Threat

Intergroup BehaviorStereotypes and Prejudice

Discrimination

Video

Bend it Like Beckham

My Research Involvements

Master’s Dissertation: Resistance to Persuasion: Principle of Social Proof

Attitudes toward Illegal Immigrants

Ideology and Language in the Public Discourse

Acculturation Strategies among Pakistani immigrants

Conclusion

Culture

Interest in Social Psychology

Feedback

Questions

joshph@psykologi.uio.no

For Exam or Future

Sources

Hogg & Vaughan (2005). Social Psychology

Berry, Poortinga, Segall, & Dasan (2002). Cross-Cultural Psychology. Research and Applications.

Fiske et al. (1998). The Cultural Matrix of Social Psychology