CTT105-2-IPsubnetting

Chng 02 a ch IP v chia subnet

MNG MY TNH

Thng 02/2014

Mai Xun Ph [email protected]

Ni dung

1. Gii thiu

2. a ch IP

3. Chia subnet

2 Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

Gii thiu - 1

85 NC Q1 42/5 LTK Q10

5 NTMK Q1 227 NVC Q5


Gii thiu - 2

192.168.0.1

192.168.0.3 192.168.0.4

192.168.0.2


Gii thiu - 3

a ch mng (identifier): nh danh ca 1 node mng

Phn loi: a ch vt l

do nh sn xut n nh trn sn phm

VD: a ch MAC (Media Access Control)

a ch logic do ngi dng n nh

VD: a ch IP (Internet Protocol)

a ch dch v Theo chun, xc nh loi dch v

VD: a ch cng (port)


Ni dung

1. Gii thiu

2. a ch IP

3. Chia subnet


a ch IP

Tng 3 trong m hnh OSI

Version: IPv4

IPv5 (RFC 1819 )

IPv6


a ch IPv4 - 1

Kch thc: 4 bytes (32 bits)

nh dng: Mi byte c biu din bng s thp phn, gi l mt octet

hai octet c vit cch nhau bng 1 du chm .

VD:

172.29.1.10

Chia thnh 2 phn: Network ID (NetID)

Host ID

32 bit

10101100 00011101 00000001 00001010 10101100 00011101 00000001 00001010


V d

i cc a ch IP dng nh phn sau thnh dng thp phn: a) 10000001 00001011 00001011 11101111

b) 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111

c) 11100111 11011011 10001011 01101111

d) 11111001 10011011 11111011 00001111

Gii php a) 129.11.11.239

b) 193.131.27.255

c) 231.219.139.111

d) 249.155.251.15

Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh 9

a ch IPv4 - 2


a ch IPv4 - 3

Subnet mask Dng phn nh phn NetID v HostID trong a ch IPv4

kch thc 4 bytes cc bit thuc NetID c gi tr l 1

cc bit thuc HostID c gi tr l 0

VD: 172.29.5.128/255.255.192.0

(hoc 172.29.5.128/18)

HostIP 1010 1100 0001 1101 0000 0101 1000 0000

SubnetMask 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000

HostIP 1010 1100 0001 1101 0000 0101 1000 0000

SubnetMask 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000

HostIP 1010 1100 0001 1101 0000 0101 1000 0000

SubnetMask 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000

HostIP 1010 1100 0001 1101 0000 0101 1000 0000

SubnetMask 1111 1111 1111 1111 1100 0000 0000 0000


a ch IPv4 - 4

a ch ng mng (Net Addr) Cc bit thuc NetID: gi nguyn

Cc bit thuc Host ID: u c gi tr 0

a ch broadcast Cc bit thuc NetID: gi nguyn

Cc bit thuc Host ID: u c gi tr 1

VD: 192.168.1.2/24 VD: 192.168.1.2/24 VD: 192.168.1.2/24 Net Addr: 192.168.1.0

HostIP 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 0010

SubnetMask 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000

HostIP 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 0010

SubnetMask 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000

HostIP 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 0010

SubnetMask 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000

Net Addr 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001

HostIP 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 0010

SubnetMask 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000

Net Addr 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 0000

VD: 192.168.1.2/24 Net Addr: 192.168.1.0

c broadcast: 192.168.1.255

HostIP 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 0010

SubnetMask 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000

Net Addr 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 0000

Broadcast 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001

HostIP 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 0010

SubnetMask 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000

Net Addr 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 0000 0000

Broadcast 1100 0000 1010 1000 0000 0001 1111 1111 12 Khoa Cng ngh thng tin - i hc Khoa hc t nhin TP H Ch Minh

a ch IPv4 - 5

Hai node c cng a ch ng mng th thuc cng 1 ng mng

S a ch host hp l trong 1 ng mng 2m-2

m l s bit trong phn HostID

VD: 172.29.1.1/16 VD: 172.29.1.1/18

m = 32 18 = 14

S host trong 1 network = 214-2

192.168.1.2 v 192.168.1.200

192.168.1.2 v 192.168.2.1

192.168.1.2 v 192.168.1.200 cng 1 ng mng

192.168.1.2 v 192.168.2.1 khc ng mng


a ch IPv4 Phn lp - 1

Multicast Address

Phn lp (classful)



Phn lp (classful)


1

Class: A

0

Start1

0

Class: B

1

0

Class: C

1

0

Class: D Class: E


Phn lp (classful)


a ch IPv4 - Phn lp - 4

Subnet mask mc nh: Lp A: 255.0.0.0 (/8)

Lp B: 255.255.0.0 (/16)

Lp C: 255.255.255.0 (/24)

VD:

Lp A

Subnet mask mc nh: 255.0.0.0

00001111

15.19.18.29 15.19.18.29



Cho a ch IP: 172.29.7.10 Lp:

Net Addr :

S host trong cng network:

Cc a ch:

a ch broadcast:



Cho a ch IP: 172.29.7.10 Lp: B

Net Addr : 172.29.0.0

S host trong cng network: 216-2

Cc a ch: 172.29.0.1 172.29.255.254

a ch broadcast:172.29.255.255



Hu qu


Millions of class A addresses

are wasted.

Many class B addresses are wasted.

Not so many organizations are so small to

have a class C block.

a ch IPv4 Khng phn lp

Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)


a ch IPv4


Phn loi: a ch public:

dng trao i trn Internet

a ch ton cc

a ch private Dng nh a ch cho cc mng LAN bn trong 1 t chc

a ch ring

10.0.0.0/8 : ti a (224-2) host

172.16.0.0/12 : ti a (220-2) host

192.168.0.0/16 : ti a (216-2) host

a ch loopback: 127.0.0.0/8

a ch lin kt cc b (Link-local): 169.254.0.0/16

a ch Test-Net: 192.0.2.0/24

Ni dung

1. Gii thiu

2. a ch IP

3. Chia subnet


Chia subnet - 1

Mc tiu: gim s lng node Tng thng lng mng

Tng tnh bo mt

D qun tr

D bo tr

Trnh lng ph a ch IP


Chia subnet - 2

Qui tc: Dng cc bit u trong HostID lm SubNetID

S subnet = 2n (n: s bit ly t phn HostID)

V d

Ln k hoch: S subnet cn chia

S node trong mi subnet


Chia subnet 3.1: V d 1

Cng ty A c cp c ng mng l: 172.29.0.0/16. Cng ty mun chia thnh 10 subnet trong c 3 subnet c 100 PCs, 4 subnet c 255 PCs, 3 subnet c 500 PCs

Cng ty A c cp c ng mng l: 172.29.0.0/16. Cng ty mun chia thnh 10 subnet trong c 3 subnet c 100 PCs, 4 subnet c 255 PCs, 3 subnet c 500 PCs



Cc subnet:


Subnet Net Addr HostIP Broadcast

0000 0000 172.29.0.0 172.29.0.1-172.29.15.254 172.29.15.255

0001 0000 172.29.16.0 172.29.16.1-172.29.31.254 172.29.31.255

0010 0000 172.29.32.0 172.29.32.1-172.29.47.254 172.29.47.255

0011 0000 172.29.48.0 172.29.48.1-172.29.63.254 172.29.63.255

0100 0000 172.29.64.0 172.29.64.1-172.29.79.254 172.29.79.255

0101 0000 172.29.80.0 172.29.80.1-172.29.95.254 172.29.95.255



Net Addr Subnet Mask

172.29.0.0 1111 0000 255.255.240.0

172.29.16.0 1111 0000 255.255.240.0

172.29.32.0 1111 0000 255.255.240.0

172.29.48.0 1111 0000 255.255.240.0

172.29.64.0 1111 0000 255.255.240.0

172.29.80.0 1111 0000 255.255.240.0


V d 1: Cng ty B c cp c ng mng l: 192.168.1.0. Cng ty mun chia thnh 5 subnet trong c 3 subnet c 30 PCs, 2 subnet c 60 PCs



192.168.1.0

192.168.1.0 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.192

192.168.1.128 192.168.1.160

2 bit

1 bit

192.168.1.0 192.168.1.64

192.168.1.128 192.168.1.160

192.168.1.192



Net Addr Subnet Mask

192.168.1.0 1100 000 255.255.255.192

192.168.1.64 1100 000 255.255.255.192

192.168.1.172 1100 000 255.255.255.192

192.168.1.128 1110 000 255.255.255.224

192.168.1.160 1110 000 255.255.255.224

31

Chia subnet - 5

Gi tr cc subnetmask:


Bi tp

Cho 172.100.112.4/19. Hy cho bit: 1. a ch trn thuc v ng mng no?

2. S IP hp l c th dng trong ng mng . V hy cho bit gm nhng a ch no?

3. a ch broadcast ca ng mng

4. Vi a ch ng mng trn, hy chia thnh 5 subnet nh sau: 2 subnet c 1000 host, 2 subnet c 500 host, 1 subnet c 100 host

5. Vi a ch ng mng trn, hy chia thnh 17 subnet nh sau: 4 subnet c 1000 host, 6 subnet c 500 host, 7 subnet c 100 host


CTT105-2-IPsubnetting

Documents

Transcript of CTT105-2-IPsubnetting