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BROCHURE OF STUDY K ITPAPER 2

IAS PRE 2013

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Contents of The Brochure

1. Study Kit Details of Paper - II

Our Objectives Our Strategy Implementation Aspects Contents of the Kit Price of the Kit Payment Options Contact Details

2. Contents Details of Study Kit Paper - II

(I) Contents of Comprehension & English Language Comprehension

Contents of Comprehension Contents of English Language Comprehension

(II) Contents of Interpersonal & Communication Skills, Decision Making & Problem Solving

Contents of Interpersonal & Communication Skills Contents of Decision Making & Problem Solving

(III) Contents of General Mental Ability, Logical Reasoning& Analytical Ability

Contents of General Mental Ability Contents of Logical Reasoning & Analytical Ability

(IV) Contents of Basic Numeracy

Contents of Basic Numeracy(V) Contents of Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency

Contents of Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency

3. Sample Study Materials of Our Study Kit

(I) Comprehension

Comprehension(II) English Language & Comprehension

Sentence Sentence Correction English Language Comprehension

(III) Interpersonal & Communication Skills

Interpersonal & Communication Skills


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(IV) Decision Making and Problem Solving

Decision Making and Problem Solving(V) General Mental Ability

Blood Relations Sitting Arrangements Arithmetical Reasoning Number, Ranking and Time Sequence Test

(VI) Logical Reasoning & Analytical Ability

Syllogism Statement and Courses of Action Assertion and Reason Situation Reaction Tests Statement and Assumptions

(VII) Basic Numarcy

Number System Simplification Average Percentage Time and Distance Probability Set Theory, Venn Diagrams, Functions & Relations Sequences & Series

(VIII) Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency

Introduction to Data Interpretation Pie Charts Mix Diagrams Data Sufficiency


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Dear Candidates,The Complete Study Kit in Hard copy of paper II for civil service preliminary examination is now

available.

Contents of the Kit:

Booklet No Subjects Pages

Contents along

with practice set

after each

chapters

1Comprehension & English Language With

Practice Set171 1000+ Practice Set

2Interpersonal Skill & Decision Making With

Practice Set71 240 Practice Set

3General Mental Ability, Logical Reasoning &

Analytical Ability With Practice Set290 2200+ Practice Set

4 Basic Numeracy With Practice Set 432 3000+ Practice Set

5 Data Interpretation With Practice Set 151 1000+ Practice Set

Total

Booklets - 5

Total Pages:

1100+

Total Questions:

7400+

Click Here for How To Purchase

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For Any Guidance Call our CSAT Paper - 2 Expert at +91 9911157134, 011- 65023618

Price of the Kit:

1. The price of our Study Kit for Paper II is Rs. 2500, including courier charges.

Our Objectives:

Firstly to cover 100% civil service preliminary examination (IAS) syllabus. Secondly to compile all the required study materials in a single place, So to save the precious time of

the aspirants.

Our Strategy:

Content of every section of the syllabus is developed after a thorough research of last year QuestionPapers.

Every section is covered with practice set.
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Implementation Aspects:

You will Get 5 booklets of (i). Comprehension & English Language Comprehension, (ii)Interpersonal Skill & Communication Skill and Decision Making & Problem Solving (iii) General

Mental Ability, Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability (iv) Basic Numeracy (v) Data

Interpretation and Data Sufficiency. Study Kit will be delivered to your postal Address after payment confirmation. After dispatching your kit we will provide you a DTDC courier tracking details. For any help we will provide Telephonic & Email Support to the candidates.

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Course Director
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Contents of Study Kit Paper -2

Contents of Comprehension & English Language Comprehension

Contents of Comprehension

ComprehensionContents of English Language Comprehension

Narration (Direct and Indirect) Sentence Common Error

One-Word Substitution

Synonyms and Antonyms Idioms and Phrases Sentence Correction Sentence Arrangement Analogy Foreign Words and Phrases English Language Comprehension

Contents of Interpersonal & Communication Skills, Decision

Making & Problem Solving

Contents of Interpersonal & Communication Skills

Interpersonal & Communication SkillsContents of Decision Making & Problem Solving

Decision Making and Problem SolvingContents of General Mental Ability, Logical Reasoning &

Analytical Ability

Contents of General Mental Ability

Analogy Classification Series Coding-Decoding
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Blood Relations Direction Sense Test Logical Venn Diagrams Alphabet Test Sitting Arrangements Mathematical Operations Arithmetical Reasoning Inserting the Missing Character Number, Ranking and Time Sequence Test Eligibility Test

Contents of Logical Reasoning & Analytical Ability

Syllogism Statement and Arguments Statement and Assumptions Statement and and Courses of Action Statement and Conclusions Deriving Conclusion Assertion and Reason Punch lines Situation Reaction Tests Cause and Effect Analytical Reasoning

Contents of Basic Numeracy

Contents of Basic Numeracy

Number System Fractions Indices and Surds Square Root & Cube Root Simplification HCF & LCM Orders of Magnitude Unitary Method Average Percentage Profit and Loss Ratio & Proportion Partnership Alligation or Mixure Time and Work Time and Distance Simple Interest Compound Interest


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Area of Plane Figures Volume and Surface Area of Solid Figures Clocks and Calendar Concepts of Geometry Coordinate Geometry Combinatorics Probability Basic Algebra Set Theory, Venn Diagrams, Functions & Relations Statistics Sequences & Series



Introduction to Data Interpretation Approaches to Data Interpretation Table Chart Pie Charts Bar Charts Line Graphs Mix Diagrams Data Sufficiency


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Sample Chapterof

Comprehension


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Di r ec t i ons (Q .111) : Read th e fol l ow i ng pa ssage

ca r efu l l y an d a nswer th e quest i ons gi ven bel ow

i t . Cer ta i n wo rds a re p r i n ted i n bol d i n the passage

to he l p you l oca te them wh i l e an swe r i ng som e o f

th e quest i ons.

What is immediately needed today is theestablishement of a Wrold Government or anInternational Federation of mankind. It is the utmostnecessity of the world today, and all those persons whowish to see all human beings happy and prosperous

naturally feel it keenly.Of course, at times we feel that many of the

problem of our political, social, linguistic and culturallife would come to an end if there were one Govenmentall ovet the world. Travellers, businessmen, seekers ofknowledge and teachers of righteousness know very wellthat great impediments and obstructions are faced bythem when they pass from one country to another,exchange goods, get information, and make an effortsto spread their good gospel among their fellow-men. Inthe past, religious sects divided one set of people againstanother, colour of skin or shape of the body set one

against the other.But today when philosophical light has exploded

the darkness that was created by religious differences,and when scientific knowledge has flasified thesuperstitions, they have enabled human beings of allreligious views and of all races and colours to come infrequent contact with one another . I t is the governmentsof various countries that keep poeple of one countryapart from, those of another. They create artificial

barriers, unnatural distinctions, unhealthy isolationunnecessary fears and dangers in the minds of commonmen who by their nature want to live in friendship withtheir fellow-men. But all these evils would cease to existif there were one Government all over the world.

1. What divides people of a country against another?(a) Different religions(b) Different language(c) Different social and poli tical systems of

different people

(d) Government of various countries2. What is the urgent heed of the world today?

(a) The establishment of an internationaeconomic order.

(b) The establishment of a world government.(c) The creation of a cultural international socia

order.(d) The raising of an international spiritual army

3. What will the world Government be expected todo?(a) it will arrange for interplanetary contacts(b) it will end all wars for all time to come

(c) it will bring about a moral regeneration ofmankind

(d) it will kil l the evil spirit in man

4. Choose the word which is SIMILAR in meaningas the word "righteousness" as used in thepassage.(a) rectitude (b) religiosity(c) requirement (d) scrupulousness

EXERCISE 1

Comprehension
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5. Which of the following problems has not beenmentioned in the passage as likely to be solvedwith the establishment of world Government?(a) Social Problems (b) Political Problems(c) Cultural Problems (d) Economic Problems

6. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE inmeaning of the word 'implediments' as used inthe passage.(a) handicaps (b) furtherance(c) providence (d) hindrances

7.The most appropriate title of the above passagemay be ...........

(a) The evils of the world order.(b) The man can make his destiny.(c) The need of world Government.

(d) The role of Religion in the Modern Times.

8. What was the factor, according to the passage,that set one man against another?

(a) Material prosperity of certain people in themidst of grinding poverty.

(b) Superior physical strength of some persons.

(c) Colour of skin or shape of the body.(d) Some people being educated and other

illiterate.

9.The theory of racial superiority stands falsifiedtoday by ........(a) knowledge derived from scientific advances.

(b) the ascendancy of people who were here to fore

considered of inferior racial stock.(c) the achievements of the so called backward

countries in every field of life.(d) the precedence given to the physical powers

of different races.

10. In the part religious sects .............

(a) united the people with one another.(b) Interfered in political affairs.(c) did a good job by way of spreading message of

love and peace.(d) divided one set of people from another.

Di r ec t i ons (Q . 12-18) : Read th e fo l l ow i ng p assage

ca r efu l l y and an swe r th e quest i on g i ven bel ow i t .

C er t a i n w or d s a r e p r i n t ed i n bol d t o hel p you t o

l o c a t e t h e m w h i l e a n sw e r i n g s om e o f t h e

ques t i ons .

The window offered a view of the house opposite.The two families did not speak to each other because ofa property dispute. One day, Ruchira's textbooks layuntouched as the young girl's gaze was on the

happenings in the house opposite. There were two newfaces in the neighbouring household that of an elderlywidow and a girls aged sixteen. Some times the elderlylady would sit by the window, doing the young girl'shair. On other days she was absent.

The new young neighbour's daily routine could beseen through the window she cleaned the rice paddy

split nuts, put the cushions in the sun to air them. In

the afternoons while the men were all at world some othe women slept and others played cards. The girl sat

on the terrace and read. Sometimes she wrote. One day

there was hindrance. She was writing when the elderly

woman snatched the unfinished letter from her handsThereafter the girl was not to be seen on the terrace

Sometimes during the day sounds came from the house

indicating that a massive argument was going on inside

A few days passed. One evening Ruchira noticedthe girl standing on the terrace in tears. The evening

prayer was in progress. As she did daily, the girl bowed

several times in prayer. Then she went downstairs. That

night Ruchira wrote a letter. She went out and postedit that very instant. But as she lay in bed that night

she prayed fervently that her offer of friendship wouldn't

reach its destination. Ruchira then left for Madhupur

and returned when it was time for college to start. Shefound the house opposite in darkness, locked. They had

left.

When she stepped into her room she found the desk

piledwith letters one had a local stamp on it with hername and address in unfamiliar handwriting. She

quickly read it. They continued to write to each other

for the next twenty years.

11. Why did Ruchira write a letter to her newneighbour?

(a) She wanted to offer her, her help.

(b) She wanted to be friends with her.

(c) To apologize for her family's behaviourtowards her family.

(d) To encourage her to continue learning to readand write.

12. Which of the following can be said about Ruchira?A. She used to spy on her neighbours because

she didn't trust them.B. She was at home because she was studying.C. She did not speak to her neighbours because

they did not own property.(a) None (b) Only B(c) Both A & B (d) Only C


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13. How did the new young neighbour spend herdays?(a) She was busy writing letters to Ruchira.(b) She used to daydream about her past

experiences.

(c) She would attend to the needs of the widow.(d) She spent her time learning to read and write.

14. Why was the young neighbour prevented fromsitting on the terrace?(a) She used to while away her time instead of

working(b) The old woman could no longer keep an eye

on her.(c) She had not finished writing the letter she was

asked to.(d) She had been writing a letter which she wasn't

supposed to.

15. What was the major argument in the house about?(a) There were too many people living there,

which resulted in arguments.(b) The young girl was insisting on attending

college.(c) The young girl had been wasting her time

instead of working.(d) The old woman did not guard the young gir l

closely.

16. Which of the following is TRUE in the context ofthe passage?(a) The young girl was very devout and prayed

everyday.(b) Only two letters were exchanged between the

two girls.(c) The new young neighbour was a servant.(d) The afternoon was a time to relax for everyone.

17. Why did the young girl wish that the letter wouldnot reach its destination?A. She was going away and would not be able to

see if her neighbour was glad to receive it.B. She was afraid that it would lead to a quarrel

between the two families.C. She was afraid that her neighbour would be

angry when she received her letter.(a) None(b) Only A(c) Only C(d) Both B & C

D i r ec t i ons (Q .18-20) : Choose th e wo rd w h i ch i s

most n ea r l y t h e SAME i n mean i n g a s t h e wo r l d

p r i n ted i n bo l d a s used i n t he passage.

18. Hindrance(a) handicapped (b) delay(c) interruption (d) difficult

19. Offered

(a) forward (b) willing

(c) volunteered (d) provided

20. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE inmeaning of the word piled as used in the passage

(a) low (b) empty(c) blank (d) nothing

Di r ec t i ons (Q . 21-27) : Read th e fo l l ow i ng p assage

ca r efu l l y an d a nswer th e quest i ons g i ven bel ow

i t . Cer ta i n w o rds a r e p r i n ted i n bo l d to hel p you to

l o c a t e t h em w h i l e a n sw e r i n g s om e o f t h e

ques t i ons .

The yearly festival was close at hand. The store

room waspackedwith silk fabrics, gold ornaments, claybowls full of sweet curd and platefuls of sweetmeats

The orders had been placed with shops well in advanceThe mother was sending out gifts to everyone.

The eldest son, a government servant, lived withhis wife and children in far off lands. The second sonhad left home at an early age. As a merchant he travelled

all over the world. The other sons had split up over pettysquabbles, and they now lived in homes of their own

The relatives were spread all across the world. They

rarely visited. The youngest son, left in the company oa servant, was soon bored left her and stood at the door

all day long, waiting and watching. His mother, thrilledand excited, loaded the presents on trays and platescovered them with colourful kerchiefs, and sent themoff with maids and servants. The neighbours looked on

The day came to an end. All the presents had beensent off.

The child came back into the house anddejectedly

said to his mother, "Maa, you gave present to everyone

but you didn't give me anything !"

His mother laughed, "I have given all the giftsaway to everyone, now see what's left for you." She

kissed him on the forehead.The child said in a tearful voice, "Don't I get a gift?

"You'll get it when you go far away."

"But when I am close to you, don't I get somethingfrom your own hands?"

His mother reached out her arms and drew him toher "This is all I have in my own hands. It is the mostprecious of all."


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21. Why did the woman's second son travel?(a) He was restless by nature.(b) He did not want to stay at home.(c) He was rich and could afford to travel.(d) His job prevented him from taking leave

22. Why did the woman's eldest son not attend thefestival?(a) He was not on good terms with his youngest

brother who lived at home.(b) He had quarrelled with his mother.(c) His wife did not allow him to return home.(d) His job prevented him from taking leave

23. How did the woman prepare for the fesitval?A. She bought expensive gifts for her children

and neighbours.B. She ordered her servents to prepare sweets

and food well in advance.

C. She made sure that her youngest child waslooked after so that he wouldn't be bored.

(a) None (b) Only A(c) Only B (d) Both A & B

24. What did the youngest child do while his motherwas busy?(a) He waited for a chance to steal some

sweetmeats(b) He pestered his mother to give him a present.(c) He stood at the door with the servants.(a) Only A (b) Only B(c) Both A & C (d) Only C

25. Which of the following can be said about thewoman?(a) She was a widow who had brought up her

childern single handedly.(b) She was not a good mother since her childern

had left home at an early age.(c) She enjoyed sending her family gifts at festival

time.(d) She gave expensive presents to show that she

was wealthy.

26. What did the boy receive from his mother?

(a) She taught him the value of patience(b) She encouraged him to grow up and liveindependently like his brother.

(c) She showed him the importance of givingexpensive gifts.

(d) She gave him a hug to express her love.

27. Which of the following is TRUE in the context ofthe passage?(a) The woman usually ignored her youngest son.

(b) The woman's eldest son lived abroad.(c) The memers of the woman's family did not care

about her.(d) The woman made all the preparations herself

since she did not want to burden the servants

Di r ec t i ons (Q . 28 30) : Choose the wor d wh i ch i s

most n ea r l y t h e SAME i n mean i n g a s t h e wo rd


28. Left(a) gone (b) quit(c) remaining (d) disappeared

29. Packed(a) filled (b) squeezed(c) crowd (d) collected

30. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE inmeaning of the word dejectedly as used in the

passage.(a) calmly (b) happily(c) willingly (d) fortunately

D ir ect i on (31-36) : Read th e fo l l owi n g tw o pa ssages

ca r efu l l y an d a nswer th e quest i ons g i ven bel ow

th em . Cer ta in wor ds /exp r essions ar e g i ven i n bo ld

i n P a s sa g e I t o h e l p y ou l o ca t e t h em w h i l e

an sw er in g some o f th e qu est i ons .

Ghanshyam Das Birla was a great architect ofIndia's industrial growth. He started his career inKolkata at the beginning of 20th century. He set upmany industries. He entered the field of business duringthe days of the First World War and established himselfafter the war years. First, he established a cotton milin Sabzi Mandi, Delhi, followed by Keshoram CottonMills and Birla J ute Mil ls around 1920. The KeshoramMills were set up with the efforts of Andrew Yule. In1919, with an investment of Rs 50 lakhs, Birla BrothersLimited was formed and thereafter a mill was set up inGwalior.

Mr. Birla realised that political freedom from Britishrule was imperativefor the industrial growth of IndiaIn 1920, he came into contact with Gandhiji and becamehis disciple. In the decade of the 30's he set up sugarpaper mills. From 1943 to 1946, with the stock exchangegaining ground, Birla Brothers ventured into theareas of cars, cotton, machinery and man-made fabricsUnited Commercial Bank was set up during this periodPrior to this, he had established Ruby, Asiatic InsuranceCo. and Inland Air Service.

After independence, the Birlas expanded theirbusiness and started production in many fields. Near


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Mirzapur, he, in collaboration with Caesar, an Americanfriend, set up an aluminium plant Hindalco in recordtime. He bought the Century Mill from Sir ChunnilalV.Mehta, the cousin of Sir Purshottam Das Thakur. Healso bought tea estates and started cement and fertiliser

factories. He established a new style of management.In his birth place Pilani, and at many other places hestarted many educational institutions. To his credit gomany temples, planetariums and hospitals. In 1983, hedied while in London, but not before seeing his businessflourishas one of the topmost establishments in India.During the decades of 70's and 80's, Birla Brothers wasamong the topmost Industrial Houses in I ndia.

Anna Saheb Karve's life was an simple and cleanas that of an ancient ascetic (Rishi Muni). He was liberalin his views and sympathetic in his attitude. He wasdeeply moved by the troubles and tribulations of women

flok.What Anna Saheb did for the upliftment of women

in the last decade of the nineteenth century was beyondthe imagination of the people. He created an awakeningamong women through his writing in Kesari. He was astaunch supporter of widow remarriage. On March 11,1893, he set an example for society by taking the boldstep of marrying a widow. The couple dedicated theirlives to social work and reform. He established anorphanage in Pune.

Anna Saheb realised the importance of educationfor women. He spared no effort in starting the BharatiyaMahila Vidyapeeth, the first university for women. In1921, he travelled to Europe and America and metfamous people like Albert E instein and formulated hisopinions regarding work. In 1958, he was awarded the'Bharat Ratna' in recognition of his services ineducational and social reforms.

31. Ghanshyam Das Birla was better known to Indiaas(a) a freedom fighter against British rule(b) an architect of temples in various cities(c) a pioneer of India's industrial growth(d) an architect of the textile industry in I ndia

32. Ghanshyam Das Birla's first industrial venturewas(a) a textile related industry(b) a cotton mill, Gwalior(c) Keshoram Cotton Mills, Delhi(d) car manufacturing company

33. What was Andrew Yule's role in Ghanshyam DasBirla's career?

(a) He helped Ghanshyam Das Birla in settingup cotton mil ls in Sabzi Mandi, Delhi.

(b) He invested Rs. 50 lakhs in K eshoram CottonMills

(c) He extended a lot of help to Ghanshyam Das

Birla in his second venture.(d) He helped Ghanshyam Das Birla in the field

of business before the First World War.

34. What was Ghanshyam Das Birla's view about theBritish rule in India?(a) The British rule was very atrocious.(b) The British rule was counter productive to

India's industrial growth.(c) The British rule was not a hindrance to India's

industrial growth.(d) The industrial growth of India had nothing to

do with gaining freedom from the British.

35. Which of the following can be inferred from thepassage ?A. Ghanshyam Das Birla could set up a large

number of diverse industries due to British rulein India.

B. Ghanshyam Das Bi rl a, with his familymembers, started various industries due toflourishing of the Stock Exchange.

C. Ghanshyam Das Bir la was impressed byGandhiji's philosopy.

(a) Both A and B (b) Both A and C(c) All the three (d) Only B and C

36. Which of the following statements is FALSE inthe context of the passage?A. Ghanshyam Das Bir la unfortunately died

before realising the progress his business hadmade.

B. Hindalco was set up in a very short time spanC. Ghanshyam Das Birla's management style

was different from the traditional one.(a) Only A (b) Only B(c) Only C (d) Both A and B

Di r ec t i ons (Q . 37-38) : Choose the w ord /g r oup o

w o r d s w h i c h i s/a r e m o st n ea r l y t h e SAME i n

mean i ng to the wo rd /g roup o f wo r ds g i ven i n bo l das used in th e passage .

37. Imperative(a) trial (b) dispensable(c) inadequate (d) unavoidable

38. Gaining Ground(a) obtaining land (b) making advances(c) losing heavily (d) grounding due to losses


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D i r ec t i ons (Q .39-45) : Choose th e wo rd w h i ch i s

m o st OPPOS I T E i n t h e m e a n i n g of t h e w or d


39. Expanded

(a) increased (b) extended(c) banned (d) curtailed

40. Flourish

(a) flower (b) tarnish

(c) gain (d) deteriorate

41. Which of the following makes Anna Saheb Karve

comparable to an ascetic?

(a) His emphasis on the importance of education.

(b) His efforts in founding Bharatiya Mahila

Vidyapeeth.

(c) His l iberal views and deep sympathy and

sensitivity for women and simple and clean

life.(d) His winning the 'Bharat Ratna' Award.

42. What did Anna Saheb Karve do to prove that he

practised what he preached?

(a) He wrote articles in 'Kesari' for creating

awareness among women

(b) He established an orphanage in pune.

(c) He expressed very strong views in support of

widow remarriage.

(d) He married a widow.

43. What was Karve's ideology in starting Bhartiya

Mahila Vidyapeeth?A. Women must have greater access to and

opportunities for education.

B. Widows and forsaken women should get

opportunities for being self reliant.

C. Upli fting of women who had remained

underprivileged for years.

(a) All the three (b) Both A and C

(c) Both B and C (d) Only C

44. Anna Saheb Karve was felicitated with the

'Bharat Ratna' award for

A. His recognising that educational reform alone

was the solution to all the prolems that women

faced.

B. His contribution to the education of women

and their social transformation.

C. His intellectual discussions with world famous

scientists and social reformers.

(a) Only A (b) Only B

(c) Only C (d) Only A and B

45. Which of the following statements is definitelyTRUE in the context of the passage?A. Before the last decade of 19th century, window

remarriages were socially unacceptable.B. Anna Saheb Karve thought that educating

women was one of the most effective ways oftheir upliftment.

C. Anna Saheb Karve's wife actively joined himin his social service.

(a) Both A and B (b) Both B and C(c) Both A and C (d) All of these

Di r ec t i on (Q . 4655) : I n t he fol l ow in g pa ssage

t h er e a r e b l a n k s, ea c h o f w h i c h h a s b een

nu mbe red . These nu m ber s a r e p r i n ted be l ow t he

p a s sa g e a n d a g a i n st ea c h , f o u r w o r d s a r e

su g g es t e d . O n e of w h i c h f i l l s t h e b l a n k

app r opr i a t e l y. F i n d ou t app r op r i a t e wor d i n ea ch

case.The Reserve Bank has taken a bold (46) in the

development of money, the government securities andthe foreign exchange markets in (47) of their criticalrole in overall growth and development of the economyand (48) in the transmission mechanism of monetarypolicy. The approach has been one of simultaneousmovements on several fronts, graduated and callibratedwith an (49) on institutional and infrastructuradevelopment and improvements in marketmicrostructure. The pace of reforms was contingent (50putting in place appropriate systems and procedures

technologies and market practices. Initiatives taken bythe Reserve Bank have brought about a (51transformation of various segments of the financiamarket. These developments by improving the depthand liquidity in domestic financial markets have (52) tobetter price discovery of interest rates and exchangerates, which, in turn, hae led to greater (53) in resourceallocation in the economy. The increase in size anddepth of financial market has (54) the way for (55) useof indirect instruments.

46. (a) interest (b) participation(c) step (d) role

47. (a) point (b) tune(c) view (d) pursuit

48. (a) decisively (b) reluctantly(c) visibly (d) particularly

49. (a) equilibrium (b) emphasis(c) appeasement (d) overload

50. (a) by (b) for(c) against (d) upon


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ANSWERS

1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (d)

11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (b)

21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (b)

31. (c) 32. (a) 33. (c) 34. (b) 35. (d) 36. (a) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (d)

41. (c) 42. (d) 43. (b) 44. (b) 45. (d) 46. (c) 47. (d) 48. (d) 49. (b) 50. (d)


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Sample Chapter

ofEnglish Language

&Comprehension


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Language is the major means by which we communicate and interact with others. When we speak or write

we use words. These words are generally used in groups e.g.: A bad workman quarrels with his tools.A group of words arrange din a manner which makes a complete sense is called a Sentence. Based on meaning

and sense, the sentence can be classified as :

1. Declarative or assertive 2. Imperative3. Interrogative 4. Exclamatory

Parts of SpeechWords are classified into different kinds or groups called Parts of Speech according to their use and function

in a sentence. They are eight in number-Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction andInterjection.

Noun

The Noun is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing. The word thing includes (i) all objects thatwe can see, touch, hear, smell or taste, and (ii) something we can think of but cannot perceive through our senses

There are five different kinds of noun.

They are :

1. Proper Noun 2. Common Noun3. Collective Noun 4. Material Noun5. Abstract Noun.

Kinds of Noun

The following chart will make you familiar with the different kinds of noun :

Noun Nature of Noun Examples

Proper Noun It denotes a particular person, place or thing. Chander, Kolkata, India, the Ganges, the Gita, etc.Common Noun It is the name given to any and Table, glass, town, king, book, river, country, etc.

every person or thing of the same class or kind.

Collective Noun It denotes a group or collection of Army, class, host, jury, mob, crowd, team, parlia-

similar individuals or things considered ment, committee, family, fleet etc.as one complete whole.

Material Noun It denotes the matter or substance of Wood, clay, rubber, iron, silver, gold, cloth, etc.

Abstract Noun It expresses quality, state or action. Truth, love, soul, mind, greatness, life, poverty,

manhood, pleasure, pain, honesty, etc.

Sentence

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Pronoun

The repetition of a noun in a sentence or a set of sentences is really boring. So, Grammar prescribes thatinstead of repeating the noun, we may use a word (for that noun) called pronoun. This leads us to a precisedefinition of Pronoun.

The Pronoun is a word that we use instead of a noun.Many people commit grammatical mistakes because they lack thorough knowledge regarding the use of

pronouns.

The following facts can be stated on the basis of the above definition:

(a) A pronoun must itself be something equivalent to a noun.

(b) As a rule, the pronoun should not be mentioned until the noun has been mentioned.

(c) A pronoun must be of the same number, gender and person as the noun it stands for.

Pronouns have numerous subclasses. Though there are several features that pronouns have in common withnouns, yet there are some features which distinguish them from nouns. They are as follows:

(a) They do not admit determiners;

(b) They often have an objective case;

(c) They often have person distinction;

(d) They often have overt gender contrast;

(e) Singular and plural forms are often not morphologically related.

Kinds of Prnouns

I. Personal Pronouns : A pronoun which is used instead of the name of a person is known as a PersonalPronoun.

E x a m p l es I , my, mine, me, we, our, ours, us.(First Person)

Thou, thine, thy, thee.

You, your, yours. (Second Person)

He, his, him, she, her, hers, it, its,they, their, theirs, them. (Third Person)

II . Reflexive or Emphatic Pronouns :When self is added to my, your, him, her, it and selves to our, your,them, we get Compound Personal Pronouns. When the action done by the subject turns back (reflects) uponthe subject, self is added to the pronoun and becomes a Reflexive or Emphatic pronoun.

E x a m p l es 1. I hurt myself

2. He hurt himself.

3. They hurt themselves.

III . Demonstrative Pronouns:The pronouns which are used to point out the objects which they refer to arecalled Demonstrative Pronouns.

E x a m p l es 1. This is a gift from my father.

2. These are merely excuses.3. Mumbai mangoes are better than those of Bangalore.

4. That is the fort of Allahabad.

IV. Indefinite Pronouns :All pronouns which refer to persons or things in a general way and do not refer toany particular person or thing are called Indefinite Pronouns.

E x a m p l es 1. Somebody has stolen my watch.

2. Few escaped unhurt.

3. Did you ask anybody to come? 4. Nobody was there to welcome her


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V. Distributive Pronouns: Each, either, neither are called Distributive Pronouns because they refer topersons or things-one at a time. For this reason, they are always singular and thus followed by the verb insingular.

E x a m p l es 1. Each of these men received a reward.

2. Either of you can go.

3. Neither of the accusations is true.

VI. Relative Pronouns: A Relative Pronoun refers or relates to some noun going before, which is called itsAntecedent.

E x a m p l es 1. I met Hari who used to live here.

2. I have found the pen which I had lost.

3. Here is the book that you lent me.

VII . Interrogative Pronouns:These pronouns are used to ask questions.

E x a m p l es 1. Whose book is this?

2. What will all the neighbours say?

3. What do you prefer, tea or coffee?

N o t e : Interrogative pronouns can also be used in asking indirect questions. Consider the following examples1. I asked who was speaking.

2. Tell me what you have done.

3. Say which you would like best.

AdjectiveAn Adjective is a word that qualifies or adds something to the meaning of a noun.

1. Madan is a good boy. (Boy of what kind?)

2. He gave me ten bananas. (How many bananas?)

3. We do not like that girl. (Which girl?)In sentence 1, good tells what kind of boy Madan is.

In sentence 2, ten shows how many bananas he gave me.In sentence 3, that points out which girl is meant.

Some Facts About Adjectives and their Uses

Adjectives can be used in two ways-attributively and predicatively. When an adjective is placed just before the noun, its

use is Attributive, but when it is used after the noun or pronoun, the use is called Predicative.

Examples

(i) This is a sweet mango. (Attributive)

(ii) This mango is sweet. (Predicative)

(iii) Fame is the perfume of heroic deeds. (Attributive)

(iv) The judge declared him guilty. (Predicative)

(v) It is a beautiful painting. (Attributive)(vi) The painting is beautiful. (Predicative)

(vii) Sita is a pretty girl. (Attributive)

(viii) My daughter is pretty. (Predicative)

(ix) Each boy of the class was punished yesterday.

(x) There were only two poets. Each poet recited his poem.

(xi) Every man is expected to do his duty. (xii) He comes to me every day.

(xiii) Every man in this world dies. (xiv) India wants peace in every corner of

the world.


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D i r ec t i ons: Each o f the fol l ow i ng quest i on i s i n the

f or m of a sen t en ce w i t h f ou r un der l i n ed po r t i o n s

ma r k ed a , b , c an d d , respec t i ve l y . Choose the

ma r ked por t i o n t h a t ca r r i es er r or s. I f no er r or

r equ i r ed th en you r an swe r i s 5 .

1. A tapestry consists of a foundation weave,a

called the wrap, which across are passedb

several coloured threads, called wefts,

cforming decorative patterns.

d

2.The fossil remains of much extincta

mammals have been found in the tar pitsb c

or Rancho Brea in Los Angles.d

3. Chemical engineering is based on thea

principles of physics, chemists, and

b cmathematics.d

4.The salesman refused to show the familya

around the showroom, till they told himb c

what kind of a car they were looking for.

d

5. Despite the manager's comprehensive anda

enthusiastic explanation of the scheme, web

were completely disinterested in the matter.d

6. I like both further and farther as I havea

never been been able to tell which is which

b cand why one is further or farther than the other

d

7. Some women acknowledge the fact thata

their principal goal in life is to dress well ,b c

but such a principal is not guaranteed to

dlead to spiritual salvation.

8. Political pundits have been able to correctly

a bprophesy results of E lection '98, but one

c

wonders whether the outcome will holdgood for long.

d

9.The doctor advised his young patient to

a

EXERCISE

Sentence Correction

CHAPTER 7


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take two two capsful of the bitter medicine,b

but the latter stuck to the single-cup ritualc d

with no adverse effect.

10. Radhika and Preeti were excited about thea

school party, as they were alumni of theb

school, and looked forward to meetingc d

their old friends.

11. Practising progressive muscular relaxation,a

like a contracting and relaxing the musclesb

of the different areas of the body strengthenc d

the neural connections too.

12. Business magazines have been consistenta

in saying that unless Indian banks merged,b c

they will lose market share.d

13. Wrapped as they were in layer of soft cottona b

wool, neither of the two crystal goblets were

cbroken when the lady dropped the crate.d

14. Although my brother had been anxiouslya b

looking forward to the prize-givingc

ceremony for weeks, a bad-hair day prevented himtaking part in it.

d

15.There reason for I refusing the gift was thata b

it was meant as a bribe to lure me awayc d

from the case.

16. Charles Correa, the father of modern Indiaa

architecture, designed buildings that haveb c

earned him an international reputation and

dinflue need an entire generation of artists andarchitects.

17. In order to make bus journeys safer,a b

smoother and more enjoyable a number ofc

operators have hired consultants to suggestchanges.

d

18. In the middle half of the nineteen hundreds,a

the political values taught in the public andb

private schools did not change substantiallyc

from those celebrated in the first fifty years of the

republic.d

19. After all, the informed voter's evaluationa

of a party depends on the extent of preciseb

information he has of its policies so that he shouldgauge the relationship between

cthose policies and his conception of his own

dwelfare.

20. While the BJ P seeks a modification of thea

World Trade Organisation rules in concertb

with other developing nations, the Congress-Iwould prefer to work with

cindustry to smoothen the transition to an era offree trade.

d

21.The adaptation of mammals to almost alla

possible modes of life parallels the reptilesb

in the Mesozoic time, and except for greaterc

intelligence, the mammals do not seem to havedone much better than corresponding

dreptilian forms.

22. Sancho ran as fast as he could walk to help


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a bhis master whom he found lying on the

cground and not able to stir, such a blow he

d

and Rozinante had received.23. As Caesar loved me, I wept for him, as he

a b cwas fortunate I rejoice at it.

d

24.The people of Orleans, when they first sawa b

her in their city thought she was an angel.c d

25. Chemical compounds with barium, cobalta

and strontium are responsible to many ofb c

the vivid colours in fireworks.d

26. Plants, which make up 90 percentage ofa b

visible living organisms, get their foodc d

energy from sunlight.

27. In the company of human beings, parrots

ademonstrate a remarkable talent for

bmimicry, for which they never use in the forest.

c

28. Conducting without a baton or score, thea

leader waved his and around in order thatb c

he would have knocked the music desk offthe podium if there had been a desk, which therewasn't

d

29. Another outstanding characteristic of watera

is that water has a heat capacity which isb

the highest in all liquids and solids exceptammonia

30. Like a number of her white friends ina

government, Bethune assumed that theb

preservation of democracy and black people's fulintegration into the benefits

c

and the responsiblities of American life wereinextricably tied.

d

ANSWERS

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (d)

11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (c) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (a)

21. (b) 22.(b) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (c) 26. (d) 27. (d) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (d)


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Difinition of Comprehension

Comprehension is the ability to read and understand unfamiliar text matter, to answer questions based onthat. You will be presented with passages drawn from a variety of subject areas, including humanities, thesciences, latest happenings in society etc. The questions will ask you to analyze what is stated in the passage andwould have to identify underlying assumptions and implications. Although nothing is stil l clear but most probablythe passage length in CSAT will vary from 300-800 words. The passage may be followed by 3-10 questions tocheck the thorough understanding of the contents. The questions will be objective type with each question followedby four answer options out of which the most appropriate one is to be chosen on the basis of the information givenin the passage. No outside information or data should be used while answering the questions and answers shouldsimply be marked keeping in mind the authors viewpoints on the topic.

The passages could be written in the following styles

1. Analytical: The analytical way of writing usually presents the pros and cons of the issue at hand. Itdiscusses both sides of the issue and the author may after analysis, present his final viewpoint in the end

The questions are usually about the main idea and the authors viewpoint.

2. Discursive:A discursive style of writing is where the author discusses various aspects of certain issues inbrief and superficially. Hence, the questions that follow are simple and basic questions on theme and thefacts presented therein.

3. Argumentative:The argumentative style of writing is where the author supports his viewpoint on anissue by presenting facts and data which support his viewpoint. Unlike the argumentative style, he does notpresent both sides of the issue. The questions that follow are mostly about the authors tone and whether hewould agree or disagree with certain points on the issues as discussed in the passage.

4. Descriptive/Narrative: When the passage describes a certain event or phenomenon chances are it usesthe descriptive style of writing. In simple words descriptive style of writing uses story telling format. I t is

lucid and easy to understand and is usually followed by easy questions on the main theme or the facts statedin the passage.

Suggestions

1. Use only the information given or implied in a passage. Do not consider outside information, even if it seemsmore accurate than the given information.

2. You are looking for the best answer, so be sure to read all the choices.

3. I f you dont know the answer, try to eliminate some choices and then take an educated guess. 4. Because

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D i r ec t i on : Read t he fol l ow i n g passages ca r efu l l y

an d an swe r th e quest i ons th a t fo l l ow

Passage 1

Nobel prize winner J oseph E. Stiglitz, describedglobalisation as a double-edged sword. For those wil lingto seize the opportunities and manage globalisation ontheir own terms, it has provided the basis ofunprecedented growth. Taking full advantage ofglobalisation I ndia has managed a historical lyunprecedented growth rate for more than a decade andhalf. Following the Washington consensus in the last

quarter of 20th century, international institutionsincluding the World Bank and the I nternationalMonetary Fund mounted a sustained campaign to pushliberalisation of national economies and privatisationof their public sector. Empirical studies have amplydemonstrated that the benefits of the globalisation havenot been shared by all the countries. Even in the samecountry, the benefits arising out of globalisation havenot filtered to the various strata of the population anddisparities have widened. Thus, there are transparentinequalities amongst the countries as also within thesame oountry. India is no exception to the latter. In

most of the poorer countries in Africa growth rates havenot registered any improvements and the number ofpeople below poverty line has in some cases doubled.Moreover there is reluctance of developed countries inremoving the trade distorting subsidies in agricultureand giving duty-free market access to the least developedcountries with very limited exportable products.

The issue is how has India reaped benefits ofglobalisation ? To assume that economic, fiscal, tradeand allied policies initiated by the government createdan environment which facilitated economicadvancement on these fronts will amount to

manipulation of ground realities. The foremost factorwhich engineered the growth in India was emergenceof a self-reliant middle class equipped with strongknowledge base with technical qualifications. Theypursued innovative businesses requiring managerialand technical skills in the upcoming sectors likeinformation technology and other allied fields. Insteadof the traditional industry-led growth path followed bythe west and other developing countries India opted for

services-led growth which had visible, tangible resultsIn the manufacturing sector, technological innovationlow-cost production, ability to quickly adapt to changesestablishing world class R & D facilities etc., greatlyhelped in successfully meeting global competition.

The automobile industry is a classic example. Strongpresence of Non-Resident I ndians (NR I s) in thedeveloped countries occupying senior managementpositions in several multinational corporations builtconfidence in I ndian managerial competence andleadership. This promoted MNCs networking with India(as also in China) with its expanding domestic market

which in the present circumstances remained the onlyviable option for their sustained growth in future. Thesuccess stories of businesses controlled by NRIs in thewestern markets established Indias reputation asdependable and disciplined businessmen. Welestablished democratic political framework, large youngpopulation ingrained with absorption capacity of newtechnologies have all created a responsive realisationthat India is marching ahead. The initiative largely ofits private sector in expanding connectivity by improvedtelecommunications, low-cost air transportation and vastpress, TV and other media penetration ignited

awareness amongst all sections of its people of a brightfuture and thus radically changed their peroeptionthinking and actions.

Furthermore the entire world took note ofunexploited potentials of I ndia i n becoming acompetitive centre of excellence and cost efficiency.

1. According to the author, which of the followingwas primarily responsible for I ndias growth ?(a) Well developed and implemented economic

fiscal and trade policies(b) Detailed microlevel analysis of the economy(c) A workforce with managerial rather than

technical qualifications(d) None of the above

Di r ec t i ons (Q . N os. 2 to 3) Choose th e w ord w h i ch

i s most nea r l y th e sam e i n m ean i n g as th e wo r d

g i ven i n bo ld as used i n t he passage .

2. mounted(a) increased (b) grew(c) organised (d) climbed

you may refer to the passage, dont try to memorize everything in the passage. 5. Read the passage focusingon the main point or purpose and the structure of the passage.

EXERCISE 1


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3. tangible(a) valuable (b) complex(c) touch (d) concrete

Di r ec t i ons (Q . No. 4) : Choose th e wor d w h i ch i s

m ost opposi t e in mean i ng o f th e w or d g i ven i n bo ld

as used in th e passage .

4. viable(a) indirect (b) impractical(c) unsatisfied (d) unpleasant

Passage 2

I t is difficult to imagine the extraordinary numberof controls on I ndian industry before 1991.Entrepreneurs needed permission to invest and couldbe penalized for exceeding production capacity. Evenwith the given investment capacity they had, entering

certain areas was prohibited as these were reserved forthe public sector. I f they had to import anything, theyrequired licences. To get these licences was tough, theyhad to persuade a bureaucrat that the item was requiredbut even so permission was unavailable if somebodywas already producing it in India. The impact of thereforms was not instantaneously and permanentlywonderful. In Indias case it began to show after abouta year-and-a-half. After 1993, there came three yearsof rapid industrial growth of about 8% or so. But, in thesecond half of the 90s, there was a tapering of industrialgrowth and investment. After 1997 and the East Asian

crisis there was global slowdown which had an impacton the Indian industry. But, in the last few years therehas been a tremendous upturn. With the rise ofinvestment industrial growth has reached double digitsor close.

However, even during the period when industrialgrowth was not that rapid, there is a lot of evidencethat positive results of the reforms were seen. Therewere companies that didnt look at all internally butinstead performed remarkably in the highly competitiveglobal market. For instance, the software sectorsperformance was outstanding in an almost totally global

market. Reliance built a world-class refinery. Tatasdeveloped an indigenously designed car. The success ofthe software sector has created much higher expectationsfrom and much higher confidence in what I ndianindustry can do. On the governments side its avindication that liberalization of both domestic andexternal policies, including the increased inflow ofForeign Direct Investment, has created an environmentin which industry can do well, has done well and is

preparing to do even better. What they need is not sopsbut good quality infrastructure. For the 11th Plan anindustrial growth rate of around 12% is projected. I twill have methods of developing infrastructure, whichwill close the deficit. This can be done through increased

investment in public sector for those infrastructureareas, which cannot attract private investment, andthrough efforts to improve private participation indifferent ways of public-private participation.

In the early stages of reforms, the liberalization of

trade policies and a shift to a market-determined

exchange rate had the effect of removing constraints

on agriculture in terms of depressed prices. The remova

of protection on industry helped to produce a more leve

playing field, because the earlier system was extremely

unfair to agriculture. The lesson to be learnt from the

reforms process is to persevere in reforming the strategic

parts of the economy, which will lead to even higher

growth rate. India has to do better than its current

average growth rate of 8% and ensure that benefits

from this higher growth go beyond industry and urban

areas and extend to agriculture.

5. Which of the following is NOT true in the context

of the passage?

A. I ndia experienced a slowdown in growth

during the late 1990s because initially the

economic growth rate was too rapid.

B. There were a few stringent regulations on

Indian industries which kept economic growthbelow 12%.

C. Companies did not get import licenses for goods

if they were being indigenously produced.

(a) Only A (b) Both Band C

(c) Both A and B (d) All A, B and C

D i r ec t i ons (Q . No . 6) Choose th e wo rd wh i ch i s

most n ear l y th e sam e in m ean in g as th e wor d g i ven

in bo ld a s used i n t he passage .

6. extraordinary

(a) unusual (b) wonderful

(c) rare (d) beautiful

D i r ec t i ons (Q . No . 7) Choose th e wo rd wh i ch i s

m ost opposi t e in mean i ng o f th e wor d g i ven i n bo ld

as used in th e passage .

7. attract

(a) ugly (b) offend

(c) push (d) sick


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Passage 3

The wakeup call that China represents to India isnot limited to its showpiece urban centres or that NewDelhi hopes India will experience the benefits that theOlympic games gave brought to Beijing. More pertinentis the comparison of the agricultural sectors of the twocountries. Why and how has China managed to outstripIndia in agriculture when 25 years ago the two countrieswere on par on most parameters? Both havetraditionally been agrarian economies and over halftheir populations continue to depend on the land fortheir livelihood. With large populations and histories offamine India and China share concern on issues suchas food security, however, while Indias agriculturalsector is projected to grow by about 2.5 percent this year-a slide from the previous years growth. Chinas hasbeen steadily growing at between 4 percent and 5percent over the last fifteen years. The widestdivergence between India and China is in the profitablehorticultural sector with the production of fruits andvegetables in China leaping from 60 million tonnes in1980 compared to Indias 55 million tonnes at the sametime, to 450 million tonnes in 2003 ahead of Indiascorresponding 135 million tonnes. Chinas addedadvantage lies in the more diversified composition of itsagricultural sector with animal husbandry and fisherieswhich account for close to 45 percent of growth comparedto 30 percent for I ndia.

According to the latest report by Economic Advisorycouncil the traditional excuses for Indias substandardperformance in the farm sector are inadequate sinceIndia is placed favourably when compared to China interms of quantity of arable land, average farm size, farmmechanization etc. The reasons for China havingoutperformed India are threefold : technologicalimprovements accruing from research and development(China has over 1000 R & D centers devoted toagriculture), investment in rural infrastructure and anincreasingly liberalised agricultural policy moving awayfrom self-sufficiency to leveraging the competitiveadvantage with a focus on efficiency as much as

equity. Investment in rural infrastructure, roads,storage facil ities, marketing facilities are also crucial butgovernment support in I ndia has been mainly beenthrough subsidies , not investment. There has beenmuch debate about subsidies and their utility; theopposing view being that subsidies are against themarket reforms and distort the market as well as reduceresource efficiency. In contrast to the 2046 applications

for the registration of new plant varieties in China overthe past few years data reveals that despite India havingthe largest number of agricultural scientists in the worldIndias current research track record is abysmalequivalent to what number of field crop varieties fell by

50 percent between 1997 and 2001 despite the fact thatthere was sharp and sustained increase in funding. Onereason is that majority Oof the budget is eaten up bystaff salaries with only 3 percent being allotted forresearch. In contrast, most agricultural research centresin China must use Central Government funding purelyfor research. Funds relating to salaries and otheradministrative incidentals must be generated by thecentres themselves. The centres and scientists are thusencouraged to engage in joint ventures with privatesector companies to form commercial signoffs from theirresearch. In fact research staff are now being hired on

a contact basis with pay based on performance andsalaries raised proportionately for those who performwell . India needs to learn from Chinas example andadopt a pragmatic approach if it has to meet its targetsof the Eleventh Five Year Plan.

8. Which of the following is/are area/s in whichChina has not outdone India?A. Development of urban infrastructure.B. Activities allied to agriculture like anima

husbandry.C. Successful bids for international sporting

events

(a) None (b) Only B(c) Only A (d) Both A and C

Di r ec t i ons (Q . Nos. 9 to 11) Choose th e wor d wh ich

i s most nea r l y th e sam e i n m ean i n g as th e wo r d


9. concern(a) importance (b) regret(c) business (d) anxiety

10. devoted(a) surrendered (b) dedicated(c) established (d) staunoh

11. pertinent(a) intense (b) sizeable(c) practical (d) significant

Passage 4

Though it is common place to say we live in aglobalised world, less well understood is thatglobalisation is taking place in stages. In the first stage


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as flows of capital and goods were liberated the benefitsof globalisation, eg, technological advancements, flowedprimarily to the developed world. As we enter the currentnewer age of mobility, people have begun to move acrossborders in great numbers in pursuit of economic security

and a better life for themselves and to keep their familiesout of poverty. At the turn of the 20th Century theUnited Nations estimates that approximately threepercent of the worlds population is on the move, a similarscale to that witnessed in earlier eras. Growing economicinequality together with natural and man made crisesprompts emigration. But this mobility has the potentialto chip away at the vast inequalities that characteriseour time and accelerate progress throughout thedeveloping world. To take an example, last yearmigrants sent home $264 billion triple all internationalaid combined. The freer movement of people helps to

underwrite health care, education and grass rootsentrepreneurship across the developing world.

I t .helps to oi l the global economy. Whenindustrialised nations need to recruit nurses or softwareprogrammers developing countries are often the source.

Yet rather than look at how these gains can be harnessedto reduce poverty governments have been slow to adapt.

The result is burgeoning ill egal immigration, andtrafficking, social tension and intolerance, loss of faithin the government and the empowerment of criminalnetworks. Until a few years ago, migrants were payingexorbitant fees to send money home losing about 20%

in transaction costs. Today though migrants move freelyand easily thanks to easy access to low cost transportand the internet, affordable and rapidly advancingtelephony and satellite television which keep them inconstant touch with home. Banks easily and wirelesslytransmit hard won and sometimes meagre salariesinstantly to their families. The flow of people until nowmostly benefited richer countries and generated worriesabout brain drain and the violation of migrant rightsin poorer ones. Global fora represent a step in the effortto harness the power of migration to advancedevelopment and increase our knowledge of how to

make the migration equation work for all. Rather thanfocus on the negative consequences and recriminationsof exploitation by developing countries such summitsprovide an opportunity for all nations to come togetherand address these issues in a comprehensive, logical andrational way so that the benefits of migration are fullyrealised in both developing and industrialised countries.Countries may examine how dual citizenship laws canease the way for migrants to play a bigger role in

development by bringing their capital, knowledge andnetworks back home. Such efforts will usher in the thirdstage of globalisation where everyone can share in theworlds prosperity.

12. Which of the following is TRUE in the context ofthe passage?(a) The world is currently in the final stage of

globalisation(b) The aim of summits on migration is to curb

migration and prevent brain drain(c) Governments have not fully exploited the

potential benefits of migration

(d) Currently reforms are needed as Internationaremittances are marginal

D i r ec t i ons (Q . Nos. 13 to 14) Ch oose th e w o r d

wh i c h i s most n ea r l y t h e sam e i n mean i n g a s t h e

wo r d p r i n ted i n bol d as used i n th e passage.13. harnessed

(a) mobilised (b) control(c) pushed (d) pull

14. accelerate

(a) further (b) quick(c) open (d) rapid

Passage 5

Though the last twenty-five years have seen China

dazzle the world with its excellent economic performanceit has shied away from playing the kind of active role in

international affairs that would seem commensuratewith its economic weight. This is because traditionallyChinas politics have been defined by the need foreconomic development above all else. In the past Chinas

authorities have tended to downplay the countrysinternational clout, choosing to stress instead itsdeveloping country status and limited military

capabilities. Such modest rhetoric was intended to allaythe fears that Chinas rise was causing across itsimmediate neighbourhood. That Beijing is finally

acknowledging its status as a major player in theinternational system is evidenced by the fact that thepresident has formally developed a theory of

international relations; the concept of harmonious worldThe concept, encompassing broad noti ons omultilateralism, prosperity for all through common

development and tolerance for diversity has left worldopinion perplexed. These are commendable objectivesbut the theory is short on specifics regarding the means

to achieve them.


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D i r ec t i ons (Q . Nos. 16 to 18) Ch oose th e w o r d

wh i c h i s most sim i l a r i n m ea n i n g t o t h e wo r d


16. sustained

(a) sporadic (b) confirmed(c) steady - (d) supported

17. potential(a) promise (b) talent(c) opportunity (d) possible

18. encompassing(a) surrounding (b) incorporating(c) enveloping (d) accepting

D i r ec t i ons (Q . No . 19 ) Choose th e wo rd wh i ch i s

most opposi t e i n m ean i n g t o t h e wo rd p r i n t ed i n

bo ld a s used in th e pa ssage .

19. commendable(a) valuable (b) unreliable(c) undeserved (d) unworthy

Passage 6

Thinking of what education might look like in thenext decade, one quickly realizes that the trends intechnology are leaving a large number of our studentsbehind. Today is an age of exponential change. Newand ever-improving technologies are popping up everyday and in every corner of society.

Educating the best and the brightest in this brave

new world will take a new and improved educationaparadigm. Allowing our educational tools to age in thecorner of the classroom will be the mistake that maycost us our future. Throwing away masses of childrento inequitable access will ensure that we languish atthe bottom of the global pool of employable workers fordecades to come.

Technology will shape the way we educate studentsin the next decade. A user is not simply a person whouses. For the student, being a user should involve usingthe latest technology in a free and autonomous manner

This new-found freedom will allow the student to become

an active participant in his/her education instead of apassive passenger. In our current technological societybeing a user also means being tracked. Tracking astudent means having the ability to target educationtowards weaknesses and strengths. The ability toaccurately customize to the individual has been the holygrail of educational philosophy for many years. Thisgolden age of technological development may soonenable this dream to become a reality.

Chinas recent willingness to be a more activeplayer internationally stems from complex factors. Thecountrys economic strength-having acquired the largestforeign exchange reserves in the world is undeniableand reports favour it to be the largest economy in the

next quarter of a century. For sustained double digiteconomic growth China thus has no choice but to becomemore active internationally. Moreover as a majorproportion of the oil and other natural resources thatChina needs to feed its growing economy are importedBeijing has to aggressively woo the countries rich inenergy resources, which also represent emergingmarkets for Chinese products. To ensure a stablesecurity environment within the region and thusfacilitate economic growth China played an active rolein facil itating negotiations with North K orea.Destabil ization of a potential flashpoint like the Korean

peninsula would lead to a flood of refugees crossing theborder, interrupting careful plans of economicrejuvenation of Chinas North-East. Chinas growinginfluence has caused a shift in the geopolitical statusquo and its influence is beginning to replace that of theUnited States and European powers in Africa. Chinasnew diplomacy though has had its share of critics whohave expressed their unease at Chinas militarymodernization programme and its willingness to dealwith regimes widely condemned as corrupt andoppressive. Despite this when the Africa was in need ofaid and infrastructure or the US needed help in

negotiating with Korea they turned to China. By takinga lead in a variety of international and regional forums,initiating bilateral and military exchanges anddispensing aid and technical assistance in parts of theworld where traditional powers are cautious to treadChina has signalled that its days of sitting on thesidelines, content to let others shape world affairs areemphatically over.

15. Which of the following is TRUE in the context ofthe passage ?(a) Chinas current poli tical standing

internationally is disproportionate to its

financial strength(b) China is a reluctant participant in military

dialogues(c) The harmonious world theory is the only

utilitarian remedy to the current challengesfacing the world

(d) The US has recognized and acknowledgedChinas growing international reputation


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ANSWERS

1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b)

11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (b) 16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. (d) 20. (d)

21. (a) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (a)

31. (b) 32. (c) 33. (a) 34. (d) 35. (b) 36. (c) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (a) 40. (b)

41. (d) 42. (c) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (b) 46. (d) 47. (b) 48. (b) 49. (d) 50. (c)

51. (a) 52. (d) 53. (d) 54. (d)


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Sample Chapters

ofInterpersonal &

CommunicationSkills


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Meaning of Communication

Transmission of meaning from one person to another or to many people is communication, whether verballyor non-verbally.Communication from one person to another is commonly depicted as a simple triangle consistingof the context, the sender, the massage, and the receiver.I n the work area Communication skills have greatimportance just as they have in all areas of life.Communication skills such as being able to express one or tounderstand the others correctly are required for success and satisfaction at least in elementary level for most ofthe professions. Even though an organization performs its tasks more efficient than expected, one should knowthat this success will not continue so long if it lacks the same efficacy in communication. The success of communicationdepends on several factors. Transmission of message by the process of encoding and decoding the message, whichmay result in short-term perception, is not adequate for the success of communication. Communication should bein such a way that will give opportunity for the respondent or receiver to take decision with regard to the messagehe perceived.

Meaning of Interpersonal CommunicationThe concept of Inter Personal Communication (IPC) skills was introduced primarily in 1950s. Ability to work

well with people, and involve your acceptance of others, without prejudice is called IPC skil ls. Ability to respond tostaffs needs positively, fostering a non-discriminatory work environment where staff can develop to their fulpersonal potentials, and delegating authority Interpersonal communication competence consists of a set of skillsknowledge about communication, and self-evaluation is IPC ski lls. The skills involved in good interpersonacommunication include

1. Demonstrating caring, concern and commitment

2. Listening and Understanding

3. Problem solving and Motivating.You can demonstrate that you care by expressing your understanding of the feelings and concerns of the

other person and by letting them know that you want to help them. You can reflect the other persons emotionsback to them with facial expressions that show you are concerned. You can also provide verbal feedback to themto show acknowledgement and recognition of their fears and concerns.L istening and understanding involve morethan simply being present while someone is speaking. Active listening means genuinely hearing the other personswords. Often, we think we are listening, but we actually do not pay close attention or do not really hear what theother person is trying to say.

Everybody has their own & unique Ability and strengths. Inspite of how bad you might think of yourselfyou are special, unique and one of a kind.Trust in your abilities,recognise your strengths and succeed in life. On

Interpersonal &

Communication Skills


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the flip side, do recognise that even the weakest individual is better than you or me in some way or another. I tmay be intelligence or kindness or generosity or even grace.

Emerson once said: Every man is my superior in some way. In that case, I learn of him.

Almost every man you meet feels himself superior to you in some way, and a sure way to win a persons heartis to let him or her realize that in some subtle way, you recognize his importance in his li ttle world, and recognizeit sincerely.

Salient features of IPC skills

vThink positively, and enter the mindset to work well with others and maintain good relationships. Do notcriticise others or yourself.

v Be sensitive to others, this includes not gossiping.

v Be patient.

v Be cheerful and try to make others smile.

vTreat others and their experience with respect.

v Learn to listen, experts recommend listening 80% of the time and only talking 20%.

vI f youre not naturally confident or happy, fake it until you generally possess the desired characteristics.

v Praise and compliment people when they deserve it,

v When someone is telling a story, dont interrupt or try to upstage them with a story of your own.

vTreat your team members and colleagues as friends and not as strangers or subordinates.

v When youre unhappy, try your best to act happy anyway. You will end up feeling better and so wil l thepeople around you, your mood is contagious.

v Smile - even when you dont feel like smiling.

v Look for solutions.

v When someone compliments you, dont disagree or boast about it simply say thank-you with a smile andmove on.

v Learn to appreciate, be helpful and not demotivate your team members. Work as a team, not as an individual

This will achieve better results.

Behaviour Psychology

Deal with people as though they are your client or boss and convey the message you want in a propermanner. (This includes rhythm of voice to make them comfortable with you.)

Beatrice Vincent once said:The people with whom you work reflect your own attitude. I f you are suspiciousunfriendly and condescending, you will find these unlovely traits echoed all about you. But if you are on yourbest behaviour, you will bring out the best in the persons with whom you are going to spend most of your workinghours.

Robbins and Hunsaker (2003) reviewed a large number of studies and synthesized the IPC skil ls thatsurfaced on most lists Most of- these skills. belong to three categories - leadership, the process of communicationand motivation .Interpersonal skills under leadership relate to leadership style, handling conflicts, running meetings

team building and promoting change. The process of communication includes sending messages, listening andproviding feedback Similarly, motivating is broken down into goal setting, clarifying expectations, persuadingand empowering. Other interpersonal skill include negotiating. The dimensions and components of above modeare shown in the following table:

Concept Dimension Component

Interpersonal communication skills (IPC) 1. Process of communication 1. Effective communication

2. Communication styles

3. Building relationships
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