45th APIMONDIA International Apicultural Congress2 October 2017, Istanbul, Turkey

Dr Laura Espinosa

CRITERIA FOR THE INCLUSION OF DISEASES, INFECTIONS AND

INFESTATIONS IN THE OIE LIST

InternOIE Science and New Technologies Department

l.espinosa@oie.int

What is the OIE list?

Importance of listing

Criteria for the inclusion of diseases, infections and infestations in the OIE list - Terrestrial animals

Process of listing/ delisting for terrestrial animals

Overview of the evolution of the list Specific case of bees

Agenda

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What is the OIE list? List of notifiable terrestrial and aquatic animal

diseases, infections or infestations created tosupport Member Countries to prevent thetransboundary spread of important animaldiseases, including zoonoses

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What is the OIE list?

19249 diseases

initially listed

2017116 animal diseases,

infections and infestations

Infection with Melissococcus plutonius Infection with Paenibacillus larvae Infestation with Acarapis woodi Infestation with Tropilaelaps spp.

Varroosis Infestation with Aethina tumida

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What is the OIE list?

Disease Infection InfestationKlass de Gelder, flickr Rieg et al., 2010 Mark Dykes

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Importance of listing1. Obligation of the Competent Authorities of Member

Countries to provide immediate or periodic informationto the OIE Headquarters

2. Transparency at global level: the information is sharedwith other countries, and also publicly accessibleLinks:

• Presence or absence of the pathogenic agent• Evolution• Information of epidemiological significance

What?

• Through six monthly reports• Through annual reports• Through immediate notification (within 24h)

How?

This commitment encourages

implementation of national surveillance

systems

OIE-Info Distribution List:http://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/the-world-animal-health- information-system/info-list-rss/

World Animal Health Information System Interface: http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Wahidhome/Home/index/newlang/en

WAHIS Alerts application

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Importance of listing3. Development of standards:

• For harmonizing disease detection, prevention and control• For a safe international trade in animals and their products

4. Establishment of a network of Reference Centresbuilding upon global scientific expertise:

Reference Laboratories

• Provide assistance, advice and trainingon the diagnosis and control of aspecific disease

• Provide assistance, advice and trainingon the diagnosis and control of aspecific disease

Collaborating Centres

• Provide expertise about a specific areaof knowledge related to animal health

• Provide expertise about a specific areaof knowledge related to animal health

The OIE standards are recognised by

the World Trade Organisation as international reference

sanitary rules for animal health

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Importance of listing

To summarize:

The inclusion of a disease, infection or infestation in the OIE list

The inclusion of a disease, infection or infestation in the OIE list

Enhances surveillance and

control at national and international

level

Enhances surveillance and

control at national and international

level

Helps to mitigate the risk of spread through

international trade of animals and their

products

Helps to mitigate the risk of spread through

international trade of animals and their

products

Improves transparency of the disease, infection or infestation at worldwide level

Improves transparency of the disease, infection or infestation at worldwide level

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Criteria for the inclusion of diseases, infections and infestations in the OIE list - Terrestrial animals

1. International spread of the pathogenic agent (via live animals or their products, vectors or fomites)has been proven.

2. At least one country has demonstrated freedom or impending freedom from the disease, infectionor infestation in populations of susceptible animals, based on the provisions of Chapter 1.4.

3. Reliable means of detection and diagnosis exist and a precise case definition is available to clearlyidentify cases and allow them to be distinguished from other diseases, infections or infestations.

4. 2a) Natural transmission to humans has been proven, and human infection is associated with

severe consequences.ORb) The disease has been shown to have a significant impact on the health of domestic animals at

the level of a country or a zone taking into account the occurrence and severity of the clinicalsigns, including direct production losses and mortality.

ORc) The disease has been shown to, or scientific evidence indicates that it would, have a significant

impact on the health of wildlife taking into account the occurrence and severity of the clinicalsigns, including direct economic losses and mortality, and any threat to the viability of a wildlifepopulation.

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Process of listing/ delisting for terrestrial animalsInitial proposalInitial proposal

Evaluated by the OIE Scientific Commission for Animal DiseasesEvaluated by the OIE Scientific

Commission for Animal Diseases

Considered by the OIE Terrestrial Animal HealthStandards Commission

Considered by the OIE Terrestrial Animal HealthStandards Commission

Considered by all MemberCountries

Considered by all MemberCountries

Proposal presented to the annual World Assemby of OIE Delegates

Proposal presented to the annual World Assemby of OIE Delegates

Proposal comes into force on 1 January of the following year

Proposal comes into force on 1 January of the following year

Made by: • Member Countries• Experts from OIE Ref. Lab. and Collab. Centres• OIE Specialist Commissions • International Organisations (with cooperation agreements)

agent as an emerging disease by M.CPre-screened by the OIE HeadquartersPre-screened by the OIE Headquarters

Supported when deemed appropriate by a group of experts (ad hoc Group)

agent as an emerging disease by M.C

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Overview of the evolution of the list Specific case of bees

For terrestrial animals, in the last 19 years there have been11 inclusions and 18 removals

For bees:

1964

- Acariosis- Nosemosis- American foulbrood- Europeanfoulbrood

1978

- Varroosis 2004

- Tropilaelapsspp.- Nosemosis

2005- Aethina tumida(small hivebeetle)

The Management Agency, National AFB Pest Management Plan New Zealand

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Overview of the evolution of the list Specific case of bees

Periodic revisions and updates of the chapters (of the Code and Manual)

All 6 chapters were updated in 2013

Infestation with Acarapis woodiVarroosis (currently under revision)

Nosemosis (specific chapter kept andNosema ceranae included.)

Infection with Melissococcus plutoniusInfection with Paenibacillus larvae

Infestation with Tropilaelaps spp.Infestation with Aethina tumida

2008

2013

2016

2017

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Final message

The aim of this presentation was toprovide you with the necessaryknowledge to: Understand the implications of listing

Be aware of all specific steps and actorsinvolved in the process of listing/delisting

Correctly evaluate all listed and non-listed pathogenic agents of bees againstthe criteria for being included in, orremoved of, the OIE list

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D. Anderson

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Thank you foryour attention

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