Submitted by: Kapil Kumar Verma (9911102368)

Many people die every year due to heart attack. But the shocking fact is that most of who die is

not of heart attack but due to lack of medical help.

Yes, if a person gets proper treatment within time they can be saved. But among all patients not

everyone is lucky and die due to lack of treatment, because no one was near when they had attack

they died without being noticed.

This inspired us to make a device which can lower the death rate due to heart attack to save

people. And make the device as cheap as possible that even a middle class person can afford &

buy this device for themselves and their parents without any hesitation.

Figure 1 : Heart Attack Stats

More than 2 million people are at high risk of having heart attack.

It would be helpful if there was a way for these people to monitor

their heart. Treatment works best when it is given right after

symptoms occur.

So we have a problem ! That is the way, our project focuses on

this problem and find a solution.

Measurable Symptoms

Blood Pressure

Pulse Rate

Figure 2 : Symptoms

Figure 3 : Heart rate Stats

Our project is based on the Pulse Oximetry Logic.

It is the process of optically estimating the volumetric measurement of the organ. When

the heart expands (diastole) the volume of blood inside the fingertip increases and when

the heart contracts (systole) the volume of blood inside the fingertip decreases.

The resultant pulsing of blood volume inside the fingertip is directly proportional to the

heart rate and if we could somehow count the number of pulses in one minute, that’s the

heart rate in beats per minute (bpm).

Heart Expand Heart Contracts

Figure 4 : Pulse detection logic

Figure 5 : Atmega8 Figure 6 : LM 324

Figure 7 : IR Module Figure 8 : GSM MODULE

• Microcontroller (Atmega8)

• LM 324

• IR Module

• VHF Transreciever Kit

• GSM Module

The sensor unit consists of an infrared light emitting-diode (IR LED)and a photo diode, placed side by side, and the fingertip is placed overthe sensor assembly, as shown below.

The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of whichis reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photodiode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back.

The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume insidethe fingertip. The blood flow causes variation in light of the bulb that isfalling on the LDR and so it’s resistance changes accordingly.

These variations of resistances causes current passing to the circuit viaLDR to change .So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflectedinfrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. Witha high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of thereflected light can be converted into a pulse.

Figure 9 : IR SENSOR

Step 1 : Data (0/1) from finger mounted sensor. Each 1 is one pulse.Step 2 : Pulse is taken for 15 sec and the number of pulse is multiplied

by 4 to get pulse rate.Step 3 : Condition validation, if pulse less than 60 or more than 100.

Red glows if heart attack, green says taking reading andyellow indicates normal pulse.

ORMANUAL OVERRIDE : Pressing manual push button.

Step 4 : Alarming signal sent to local station which raises alarm.Step 5 : Base station further send Alarming SMS to five pre-feeded

numbers in interval of 5 seconds, until one of them reply via SMS or call. Figure 10 : Process

PULSE DETECTOR

OPAMP+

LOW PASSFILTER

MICRO-CONTROLLER

TRANSMITTERBASE STATION

RECIEVERALARMING

SYSTEM

Detects pulse from

index finger.

Amplify input & remove

noise.

Check condition of heart attack.

Transmits the alarming

signal.

Detects the alarming signal

from device.

Raise local alarm & sends Alarming SMS.

Figure 11 : Block Diagram

8051

LM324n

Heart Attack

Normal Rate

Measuring

Power Bank

FM Transmitter

FM Receiver&

GSM transmitter Made

by kkvFigure 12 : Process

.

Figure 13 : Circuit Dig.

680k

• Reducing size

• Converting hand gloves to wrist band.

•Adding GSM module for a global alert.

• Increasing battery back-up.

GSM (Global System for Mobile) / GPRS (General Packet

Radio Service) TTL-Modem is SIM900 Quad-band GSM /

GPRS device, works on frequencies 850 MHZ, 900 MHZ, 1800

MHZ and 1900 MHZ. It is very compact in size and easy to use

as plug in GSM Modem. The Modem is 5VDC TTL interfacing

circuitry, which allows User to directly interface with 5V

Microcontrollers

Mobile communication is an emerging technology these days.

GSM is the acronym for Global System for Mobile

Communication.

GSM module is wireless modem that transmits data using radio

waves. GSM architecture is similar to the mobile architecture.

GSM modems are generally used in many electronic

applications and they are required to interface with the

microcontrollers.Figure 14 : GSM Module

Quad Band GSM/GPRS : 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 MHz

Built in RS232 to TTL or vice versa Logic Converter (MAX232)

Configurable Baud Rate

Built in SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) Card holder

Built in Network Status LED · Inbuilt Powerful TCP / IP (Transfer Control Protocol /

Internet Protocol) stack for internet data transfer through GPRS (General Packet Radio

Service)

Audio Interface Connectors (Audio in and Audio out)

Most Status and Controlling pins are available

Normal Operation Temperature : -20 °C to +55 °C

Input Voltage : 5V to 12V DCFigure 15 : GSM Module

Structure

The circuit of interfacing GSM to AT89C51 microcontroller

mainly consists of GSM modem and 8051 family

microcontroller. GSM has RS232 interface for serial

communication. In between the GSM module and the

microcontroller MAX232 IC is connected.

Figure 16 : Interfacing

MAX232 IC is used for converting the logic levels. RS232 logic

levels of GSM are converted to the TTL logic levels of the

microcontroller using this MAX232 IC. This is a dual driver IC

as it has two transmitters and receivers.

The transmitter pin T1IN of max232 is connected to the

transmitter pin of the microcontroller. The receiver pin R1out of

the max232 is connected to the receiver pin of the

microcontroller.

The T1out pin of the IC is connected to the transmitter pin of

the GSM modem. The R1IN pin of the IC is connected to the

receiver pin of the GSM modem..Figure 17 : Max 232

•We are reducing the size of our product

•Displaying battery level.

•Displaying heart rate at LCD panel.

•Connecting the product with android app

•Extending the battery life from a week to month

i.e replacing the battery despite increasing the cost.

[1] Szakacs-Simon, P.; Moraru, S.A.; Perniu, L., "Pulse oximeter based monitoring system for people at risk," Computational

Intelligence and Informatics (

CINTI), 2012 IEEE 13th International Symposium on , vol., no., pp.415,419, 20-22 Nov. 2012

doi: 10.1109/CINTI.2012.6496802

keywords: {Bluetooth;blood;cardiology;health care;microcontrollers;mobile computing;patient care;patient diagnosis;patient

monitoring; power aware computing; Bluetooth network; blood oxygen level;emergency medical care;emergency situations;

emotional affecting activities;hardware structure;health condition;heart rate analysis;microcontroller based health monitoring

system; mobile monitoring; monitoring scene;oxygen saturation level;patient informing;patient treatment; personal computer;

power consumption;pulse oximeter based monitoring system;pulse saturation level;software structure;wireless network},

URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6496802&isnumber=6496727

[2] Google Images

[3] Engineersgarage.com

[4] 8051 Microcontroller - Mazidi

[5] Times of India Article First 60 mins of suffering heart attack, crucial, Mumbai Mirror | Jun 22, 2010, 12.00AM IST

URL : http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/First-60-mins-of-suffering-heart-attack-crucial/articleshow/6074110.cms

[6] Heat-dissipating Light Fixture for Use with Tungsten-halogen Lamps. Allen R. Groh, assignee. Patent 4780799. 25 Oct. 1988. Print.

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