Introduction to Introduction to Cleaner Production and Its Cleaner Production and Its Application MethodologyApplication Methodology

Principles & Concept Principles & Concept

Products and Services

Production processRaw Materials

Product/ Service

Waste

What is Wastes?

It is throwing away a part of your

resources

UP in Smoke

DOWN the DrainIN the

garbage

Philosophy behind

Cleaner Production WASTE

is a Valuable Resource at a

wrong place, in a wrong formOr in a wrong media

Why the waste is generated

• Bad housekeeping• Bad quality raw materials• Improper process conditions• Old/Substandard Equipment• Old, inefficient Technologies• Product Specifications

Solutions? (CP Techniques)

• Good housekeeping• Input substitution• Better process control/Process optimization• Equipment modification• Technology change• On-site recovery/reuse• Production of a useful by-product• Product modification

Principles Underlying CP

• Precautionary Principle• Preventive Principle• Integrated/Holistic Principle• Democratic Principle

Cleaner Production

CP is an approach to optimize the usage of resources by– Minimizing waste of resources at the point of

generation– Converting unavoidable wastes to products with

economic value– Innovation and creativity

OFFICIAL DEFINITION OF CLEANER PRODUCTION

“ The continuous application of an integrated, preventive environmental strategy applied to processes, products and services to increase overall efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment.”

(UNEP)

Cleaner Production for -

Processes :

Conserving Raw Materials & EnergyEliminating Toxic MaterialsReducing Quantity and Toxicity of

all Emissions and Wastes

Cleaner Production for -

Products :

Reducing environmental impact of a product in its entire Life Cycle from Raw Material extraction to End-of-Life disposal

Lowers costs and improves environmental performance

Services :

Incorporating environmental concerns into designing and delivering a service

Focus on product use

Cleaner Production for -

Cleaner Production

Continuous,Preventive,Integrated

Strategy applied to

Products Processes Services

To Increase Efficiency and

Improve Environmental Performance & Reduce Costs

Reduction of Risks

Competitive Advantage

First definition of Cleaner Production

• The conceptual and procedural approach to production that demands that all phases of the life-cycle of a product or of a process should be addressed with the objective of prevention or the minimization of short and long-term risks to humans and the environment

Definition by Business Directory. com• Manufacturing in which waste minimization

and prevention practices are continuously applied. These practices include (1) conservation of raw materials and energy, (2) elimination of toxic inputs, and (3) reduction in toxic outputs.

Definition by Dr Rene Van Berkel

• Continuous improvement of industrial processes, products and services to reduce the use of natural resources, to prevent-at the source-the pollution of air, water and land, and to reduce waste generation in order to minimize risks to the human population and the environment

Definition by Indian NCPC

• Cleaner Production is the new and creative way of thinking about products and processes that make them. It is achieved by the continuous application of strategies to minimize the generation of wastes and emissions.

Definition by Global Development Research Centre

• Cleaner production (CP) is a preventative approach to managing the environmental impacts of business processes and products. CP uses changes in technology, processes, resouces or practices to reduce waste, environmental and health risks; minimize environmental damage; use energy and resources more efficiently; increase business profitability and competitiveness; and increase the efficiency of production processes. Cleaner production is applicable to all businesses, regardless of size or type.

Cleaner Production is achieved by:Cleaner Production is achieved by:

Applying know howApplying know how Improving technologyImproving technology Changing attitudesChanging attitudes

Question, "Is Cleaner Production a Method or a philosophy?"

It is both philosophically significant and methodologically grounded.

Philosophy of Cleaner Production

Change the organizational culture from a

Wasteful culture to a

Wasteless culture

Is Cleaner Production Similar to Environmental Management Systems

• No• CP Focus on Zero Waste and EMS on Managing

Environmental Issues• CP focuses on resource consumption where EMS

looks at environmental concerns• CP looks at prevention of waste at the point of

generation while EMS looks at managing environmental issues as they emerge

• CP is an Approach but EMS is a Management System

• CP is through self motivation but EMS is to please others

Prerequisites to CPTop Management Commitment

Total Involvement of Employees

Organized Approach

Be open Minded and Flexible to Change

Be Creative and Innovative

Cleaner Production methodologies

• UNEP standard Methodology• Dutch PRISMA Methodology• Indian DESIRE Methodology• Van Berkel Methodology• UNEP/UNIDO standard Methodology

UNEP Standard methodology

• Phase1- Planning & organization• Phase 2-Preassessment (qualitative )• Phase 3- Assessment (quantitative)• Phase 4- Evaluation and Feasibility Study• Phase 5- Implementation & Continuation

(20 tasks)

Dutch PRISMA Methodology

• Phase 1- Planning & Organization• Phase 2- Assessment• Phase 3- Feasibility Analysis• Phase 4- Implementation

(15 tasks)

PRISMA - Dutch acronym for Project Industrial Successes with Pollution Prevention.

DESIRE Methodology

• Getting started• Analysing the process• Cause Evaluation and Generation of Options• Feasibility analysis and Selection of CP solutions• Implementation• Sustaining • (18 tasks)

DESIRE- Demonstration in Small Industries for Reducing Wastes

Van Berkel Methodology

• Phase 1- Planning & organization• Phase 2- Selecting First Focus• Phase 3- Investigation• Phase 4- Feasibility Studies• Phase 5- Implementation and Continuation

(20 tasks)

Cleaner Production Assessment (UNEP/UNIDO) Adopted from DESIRE

• Six step organised approach:

– start 1. getting started– analyse 2. analysing process steps

3. generating CP options– improve 4. selecting CP solutions

5. implementing CP solutions– integrate 6. sustaining CP(18 tasks)

Phases in Generic Cleaner Production Assessment Methodology

Recognized need to minimize waste

Planning and Organization

Assessment

Feasibility Analysis

Successfully Implemented CP Projects

Implementation

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Identify Waste StreamsQuantify Waste StreamsGenerate Options

MonitorRe-evaluate

Sustain

Getting StartedGetting Started

PlanningPlanningPlanning

Generation and Evaluation

of GP Options

Generation andEvaluation ofGP Options

Generation andEvaluation ofGP Options

Sustaining GPSustaining GP

Monitoring and Review

Monitoring and Review

Implementation of GP Options

Implementation ofGP Options

Implementation ofGP Options

I

II

IIIIV

V

VI

Overview of GP Methodology

Cleaner Production

Source Reduction

Resource Recovery

Product Redesign

Common Misconceptions

• CP is difficult and expensive to implement

• CP is technologically complicated and is applicable in large companies only

• CP requires specialized skills and expertise

Cleaner Production Vs. Pollution Control

Pollution Control - EOP

Cleaner Production

Cost CostEnvironmental

Performance

Environmental

Performance

Cost Vs time

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11year

Cos

t

CP PC

Some Interesting Points to Remember

• CP - Preventative approach to environmental management

• CP - Broad term encompassing what some countries/institutions call eco-efficiency, waste minimization, pollution prevention, or green productivity

• CP - Mentality of how to produce goods and services with minimum environmental impact under present technological and economic limits

• CP - DOES NOT DENY GROWTH, it merely insists that growth be ecologically sustainable

• CP - Not only an environmental strategy, but a sound business strategy as relates to economic considerations. (WIN-WIN Strategy)

Cleaner Productionis a

JourneyNOT

a Destination !!!