Course Outline Start Crewing · Australian Sailing Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2...

Australian Sailing Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)

Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet

Course Objectives At the end of the Start Crewing course, participants will:

• Be able to competently understand their role when crewing a keelboat, including the basics of sailing, boat handling, safety and sailing theory. • Understand where they can progress to, if they want to extend their sailing skills and experience. • Meet all Start Crewing criteria outlined in the Keelboat Syllabus and Logbook:

Preparation

¨ Understands the importance of the correct fitting and wearing of life jackets

¨ Understands the importance of appropriate clothing and footwear Boats and Equipment

¨ Has basic knowledge of sailing terms, parts of boats, rigging and sails

¨ Can bend on, hoist, lower and stow sails

Ropework ¨ Can tie the following knots: figure of eight, bowline, round

turn & two half hitches ¨ Has basic knowledge of the use of sheets, halyards,

winches, clutches, mooring lines and cleats ¨ Can coil and stow a rope

Skills and Techniques ¨ Understands the theory and basic principles of sailing,

including tacking and gybing ¨ Has basic wind awareness ¨ 3 steer a boat on all points of sail under supervision ¨ Can trim sails on all points of sail

Safety and Emergencies

¨ Understands the correct action to be taken to recover a man overboard

¨ Understands the correct use of safety equipment on board ¨ Is aware of hazards on board a boat and understands how to

avoid them Sailing theory

¨ Has awareness of the basic rules of the road ¨ Can maintain a continuous lookout

Note: These timings are based upon an Instructor to Participant ratio of 1:5 and it is recommended that the majority of content is covered in a practical approach, maximising the time the participants get to spend on the water. Disclaimer: This recommended sequence of activities is a guide for instructors, which directly links to the Keelboat syllabus. It is the instructor’s responsibility to ensure the activities they run are suitable for the conditions and specific group of participants at the time of running the accredited Learn to Sail (or Powerboat) course.

Course Outline Session Duration

1 3hrs 2 3hrs 3 3hrs 4 3hrs

Total 12hrs* * 12 hours is the suggested minimum time, and can be manipulated to run over as many sessions the centre/instructor deems appropriate, e.g. 2 x 6hrs


Session 1 3hrs

TIME LEARNING OUTCOMES

Participants will understand / demonstrate / demonstrate awareness of:

ACTIVITIES RESOURCES

Introduction to centre, the instructors and the course (25min)

• Training area. • Relevant rules or behaviour expectations when

attending the centre. • What the course includes. • What is required in order for them to succeed.

• Take participants on a tour of the centre, highlighting hazards and how to avoid them. Identify location of change rooms, toilets and evacuation meeting point/s.

• Outline plan for the session – complete any outstanding paperwork including medical history, emergency contact, etc. Explain any rules regarding behaviour or dress code at the centre.

• Participants share why they are at the course and their current experience.

• Centre map if available, highlighting evacuation plan.

• AS Keelboat pathway • AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log • Introductory Keelboat (IK)

text • Participant List • Keelboat Instructor Notes

(KIN) Safety Briefing – inside classroom / onshore

(15min)

• Importance of safety equipment. • Appropriate clothing and footwear to be worn. • Correct use of lifejacket • Weather briefing

• Identify correct clothing and footwear to be worn. • Explain importance of maintaining and correctly

wearing a lifejacket. • Weather briefing – highlighting any potential risks.

Helps to determine what clothes are required and whether sailing will occur. Start with this, prior to getting to boat.

• Safety equipment outlined in checklist in pg 78-79 IK

• Pg 24-25 IK • Lifejacket – spare gas

cylinder if wanting to demonstrate deploying lifejacket.

Safety Briefing – on/near boat

(30min)

• Hazards both on board and on shore, and know how to avoid them.

• Correct action to be taken to recover a man overboard (MOB).

• Identify safety equipment on board and stowage • Identify hazards on board, as well as other places

around the Discover Sailing Centre. Walk around area to highlight any potential hazards.

• Explain necessary action to recover a man overboard – especially in the event the instructor falls overboard.

• Correct action: Deploy anchor (demonstrate this), have instructor swim to boat.


• Anchor that accessible and ready to be deployed





Rigging – on boat, docked (30min)

• Safe and effective use of sheets, winches and cleats. • How to rig a boat correctly, as per class requirements • Parts of the boat

• Explanation, Demonstration, Imitation, Correction, and allow participants to Practice (EDICP): Correct method for tightening mooring lines.

• EDICP: Correct technique for bending sails (secure sails to spars), rigging sheets and halyards.

• Assign each participant a role. Two on headsail, e.g. one bending on, one attaching control lines.

• Boat to be facing breeze when hoisting sails.

• Boat – vessel that meets the Discover Sailing Centre Operating Standards and Guidelines

• Pg 30-33, 49 IK

Sailing Activity – Wind Awareness & Crew Positions (60min)

• Basic theory of sailing and by being actively involved. • Engaging, fun and safe introduction to sailing.

• Basic theory of sailing demonstrated and explained, including: wind awareness and wind indicator – this is done on the water.

• Ask participants where wind is coming from (Turn until wind is on your face) – explain wind indicator.

• Crew positions, use of sheets and manoeuvres demonstrated and explained.

• Headsail trimmer, mainsail trimmer, helmsperson, etc. • Begin to introduce terminology commonly used. • Instructor on helm at all times – ensuring participants

are introduced to a safe, controlled and engaging sailing session. Rotate crew between main and jib.

• Instructor in charge of boat – observe participants’ comfort level, skill and ability (this will help guide future sessions.

• Articulate what makes a comfortable/easy sail (back and forward) – reaching, boat is flat. Progress difficulty of sail throughout session.

• Pg 12-17 IK • Boat – vessel that meets the

Discover Sailing Centre Operating Standards and Guidelines

• Radio/phone

Unrig boat (10min)

• Unrig boat and pack up • Instructor to explain how to unrig boat, ensuring

participants are involved in each step. • Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they

had when rigging the boat.

Debrief (10min)

• Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in the

session. • Preview next session.

• Provide general overview of the session focussing on participants identifying problem areas and successes.

• Provide text references for next week, so participants can do some pre-reading.

• AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log • IK


Session 2 3hrs




Safety Briefing – inside classroom / onshore (20min)

• Importance of safety equipment and emergency procedures.

• Recap on first session. • Points of sail.

• Review safety equipment and what to do in the event of a man overboard.

• Ask participants where different safety equipment is located on boat.

• Have participants demonstrate correct fitting of their own life jackets.

• Review/introduce points of sail. • Can cover “Rules of the Road” in classroom if

preferred.


Sailing Theory – Terminology and Boat Parts – on boat, docked (20min)

• Sailing terminology. • Parts of boats.

• Review terminology and introduce new terminology, including boat parts.

• Use text and/or ask individual participants to point to or explain where certain parts of the boat are.

• Pg 6-7 IK

Ropework & Rigging – on boat, docked (also able to do activity on land if inclement weather) (15min)

• Tying the following knots: Figure of Eight, the Bowline

and Round Turn with two half hitches.

• EDICP: Knot tying, providing feedback along the way. • Use text to explain the various uses for each knot. • Various apps may also be used. • After demonstrating each knot, assign a knot to each

participant and have them use it to rig the boat (similar role to session 1).

• Pg 58-61 IK

Reefing – on boat, docked (20min)

• Bending sails for reefing.

• EDICP: Correct method for bending sails for reefing. • Demonstrate this and explain the situations this is

useful: strong winds, short crew, etc.

• Pg 30-31, 74 IK

Sailing Theory – Rules of the Road (20min)

• Basic rules of the road. • Explain rules of the road, channel marks, power vs. sail

and ferries. • As you sail around the area, point out different markers. • Prior to leaving shore, discuss rules of the road but

when on water – explain real actions that are required to avoid collisions and groundings.

• Pg 66-67 IK • Whiteboard • Local chart • State Boating Handbook





Sailing Activity – Tacking and Maintaining Lookout (60min)

• Theory and basic principles of tacking. • On-boat, docked demonstration. • Basic wind awareness. • Maintaining a continuous lookout.

• Instructor to talk through and demonstrate leaving the shore, in order to get out on the water to begin tacking.

• EDICP: Correct and safe method of tacking. • Explain importance and demonstrate correct method of

maintaining lookout. • Instructor on helm, carries out process of tacking

ensuring each crew member demonstrates their role effectively, and has the opportunity to rotate around all positions.

• 6 tacks per rotation, more if required – this allows people to get comfortable in their role, however it also allows instructor suitable time to review each person doing their role. (Use heave-to position to rotate)

• Instructor to provide feedback for each person highlighting what was done well and what could be improved.


• Pg 18-19, 44-45 IK • KIN: Tacking • Activity Card 1 – Tacking

Unrig boat (10min)

• Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring



Debrief (10min)







Session 3 3hrs




Safety Briefing – on boat, docked / onshore (20min)


• Recap previous session.

• Review safety equipment and what to do in the event of a man overboard, and fit life jackets correctly.

• Review hazards and determine how best to avoid them.


Rigging – on boat, docked (10min)

• Bending sails for reefing. • Demonstrate the correct method for bending on sails

and rigging sheets. • Allocate different roles for rigging – provide feedback as

participants rig boat.

• Pg 30-31IK • Sheets (rope)

Sailing Activity – Tacking & Gybing (110min)

• Theory and basic principles of tacking and gybing. • Basic wind awareness. • Maintaining a continuous lookout.

• EDICP and review: Correct and safe method of tacking. • Rotate roles and provide feedback (familiarise

participants with roles again). • Review Tacking activity card • EDICP: Correct and safe method of gybing. • 6 gybes per rotation, more if required – this allows

people to get comfortable in their role, however it also allows instructor suitable time to review each person doing their role. (Use heave-to position to rotate)

• Reiterate importance and demonstrate correct method of maintaining lookout.

• Rotate positions, provide feedback. Refer to activity card.


• Pg 18-19, 20-21, 44-47 IK • KIN: Tacking, Gybing • Activity Card 1 – Tacking • Activity Card 2 – Gybing

Unrig boat (10min)

• Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring



Debrief (25min)

• Correct method of coiling and stowing ropes. • Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in the


• EDICP: Correct method of coiling and stowing ropes. • Provide general overview of the session focussing on

participants identifying problem areas and successes. • Provide text references for next week, so participants

can do some pre-reading.

• Pg 61 IK • AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log • IK


Session 4 3hrs




Safety Briefing – on boat, docked / onshore (30min)


• Awareness of man overboard recovery procedure

• Review safety equipment and fit life jackets correctly. • Explain correct procedure in recovering a man

overboard – briefing of activity to occur on-water.


Rigging – on boat, docked (15min) • Bending sails for reefing and has basic knowledge of

halyards. • EDICP: Correct method for bending on sails, rigging

sheets, halyards and reefing. • Pg 30-31IK • Sheets (rope)

Sailing Activity – Trimming Sails and Recovery of MOB (110min)

• Trimming sails on all points of sail. • Steering a boat on all points of sail under supervision. • Basic wind awareness. • Maintaining a continuous lookout. • Correct action to be taken to recover a MOB.

• EDICP: Correct and safe method of trimming sails to all points of sail as a crew.

• Instructor sails a range of points • EDICP: Correct and safe method of the action required

to safely recover a man overboard. • Carry out MOB Recovery three times, if MOB is not

recovered, review ‘why’ and try again. • Rotate positions of all crew/helm, ensuring you (as

instructor) still remain in charge and can take control of boat if required. (Use heave-to position to rotate)

• Instructor on helm for demo, can then pass helm on to participant, ensuring in arm’s length to take control.

• Do not use life ring as MOB object, you can tie a rope and a bucket to a lifejacket instead.

• Pg 40-41, 72-73 IK • MOB Dummy if available or

suitable replacement • Activity Card 3 – MOB

Recovery • KIN: MOB Recovery

Unrig boat (10min) • Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring



Debrief (15min) • Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in the

session. • Provide general overview of the session focussing on

participants identifying problem areas and successes. • AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log

Sign or ‘defer’ participant’s logbook • All Start Crewing skills

• Logbooks signed and dated (those that have not adequately demonstrated course skills can be provided an action plan).

• Discuss options for those people who have not acquired the course skills.

• Sign or defer participants’ logbooks.

• AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log

Australian Sailing Start Helming Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2 October 2017)

Start Helming Recommended Run Sheet

Course Objectives At the end of the Start Helming course, participants will:

• Meet all Start Helming criteria outlined in the Keelboat Syllabus and Logbook:

Preparation ¨ Understands the importance of the correct fitting and

wearing of life jackets ¨ Understands the importance of appropriate clothing and

footwear ¨ Understands and complies with the rules for wearing of

life jackets Boats and Equipment

¨ Can prepare the sails and rig the boat ¨ Knows correct use of halyards, sheets and associated

deck hardware Ropework

¨ Ability to tie the following knots and know their correct use: figure of eight, bowline, round turn & two half hitches, clove hitch and reef knot

¨ Can reef and shake out reefs whilst underway Weather and the Environment

¨ Understands where to obtain a weather forecast

Skills and Techniques ¨ Can helm and trim sails effectively on all points of sail ¨ Can helm effectively around a triangular course ¨ Can tack and gybe effectively as helm ¨ Can heave-to ¨ Understands the effect and importance of heel and trim ¨ Understands how to anchor a boat

Safety and Emergencies ¨ Can recover a man overboard under sail as helm ¨ Knows the location and correct operation of all safety

equipment on board ¨ Knows how to raise the alarm in the event of an

emergency Sailing theory

¨ Has a working knowledge of the general steering and safety rules and their application

¨ Knows how to source information on local regulations

• Understand where they can progress to, if they want to extend their sailing skills and experience. Note: These timings are based upon an Instructor to Participant ratio of 1:5 and it is recommended that the majority of content is covered in a practical approach, maximising the time the participants get to spend on the water. Disclaimer: This recommended sequence of activities is a guide for instructors, which directly links to the Dinghy syllabus. It is the instructor’s responsibility to ensure the activities they run are suitable for the conditions and specific group of participants at the time of running the accredited Learn to Sail (or Powerboat) course.

Course Outline Session Duration

1 3hrs 2 3hrs 3 3hrs 4 3hrs

Total 12hrs* *12 hours is the suggested minimum time, and can be manipulated to run over as many sessions the centre/instructor deems appropriate, e.g. 2 x 6hrs


Session 1 3hrs




Introduction to centre, the instructors and the course 25min

• Training area. • Relevant rules or behaviour expectations when

attending the centre. • What the course includes. • What is required in order for them to succeed.

• Take participants on a tour of the centre, highlighting hazards and how to avoid them. Identify location of change rooms, toilets and evacuation meeting point/s.

• Outline plan for the session – complete any outstanding paperwork including medical history, emergency contact, etc. Explain any rules regarding behaviour or dress code at the centre.

• Participants share why they are at the course and their current experience.

• Centre map if available, highlighting evacuation plan.

• AS Keelboat pathway • AS Keelboat Syllabus & Log • Introductory Keelboat (IK)

text • Participant List • Keelboat Instructor Notes

(KIN) Safety Briefing – inside classroom / onshore

15min

• Importance of safety equipment. • Appropriate clothing and footwear to be worn. • Correct use of lifejacket • Weather briefing

• Identify correct clothing and footwear to be worn. • Explain importance of maintaining and correctly wearing a

lifejacket. • Weather briefing – highlighting any potential risks. Helps to

determine what clothes are required and whether sailing will occur. Start with this, prior to getting to boat.


• Pg 24-25 IK • Lifejacket – spare gas

cylinder if wanting to demonstrate deploying lifejacket.

Safety Briefing – on/near boat 20min

• Hazards both on board and on shore, and know

how to avoid them. • Correct action to be taken to recover a man

overboard (MOB).

• Identify safety equipment on board and stowage • Identify hazards on board, as well as other places around the

Discover Sailing Centre. Walk around area to highlight any potential hazards.

• Explain necessary action to recover a man overboard – especially in the event the instructor falls overboard.

• Correct action: Deploy anchor (demonstrate this), have instructor swim to boat.


• Anchor that accessible and ready to be deployed

Ropework / Rigging – on boat, docked 30min

• Safe and effective use of sheets, winches and

cleats. • How to rig a boat correctly, as per class

requirements • Parts of the boat

• Explanation, Demonstration, Imitation, Correction, and allow participants to Practice (EDICP): Correct method for tightening mooring lines.

• EDICP: Correct technique for bending sails (secure sails to spars), rigging sheets and halyards.

• Assign each participant a role. Two on headsail, e.g. one bending on, one attaching control lines.

• Boat to be facing breeze when hoisting sails.


• Pg 30-33, 49 IK





Sailing Activity – Tacking 95min

• Theory and basic principles of tacking. • On-boat, docked demonstration. • Basic wind awareness. • Maintaining a continuous lookout. • Working knowledge of the general steering and

sailing rules and their application.

• Instructor to talk through and demonstrate leaving the shore, in order to get out on the water to begin tacking.

• EDICP: Correct and safe method of tacking – this time including the helm’s role.

• Instructor positions themselves close to helm (tiller) and also mainsail.

• Review tacking process – check everyone is comfortable in their roles.

• Rotate people around helm position. • Tack 6 times (3 points of sail), port/starboard, starboard/port =

1... (beam reach to beam reach, close reach to close reach, close haul to close haul)



• Radio/Phone • Pg 18-19, 44-45 IK • Activity Card 1 - Tacking • KIN: Tacking

Unrig boat 10min

• Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring participants

are involved in each step. • Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they had

when rigging the boat.

Debrief 10min • Key elements for each of the skills they learnt

in the session. • Preview next session.





Session 2 3hrs




Safety Briefing – inside classroom / onshore 30min

• Recap on first session • Correct fitting/wearing of life jackets. • Location and correct operation of all safety

equipment on board. • How to raise the alarm in the event of an

emergency. • Correct use of a VHF.

• Review safety equipment on board and explain importance of maintaining and correctly wearing a lifejacket.

• Ask participants where different safety equipment is located on boat.

• Have participants demonstrate correct fitting of their own life jackets.

• Review/introduce points of sail. • Can cover “Rules of the Road” in classroom if preferred. • Discuss how to deal with emergency situations, demonstrate

how to use VHF.


• VHF

Reefing – on boat, docked 20min • Bending sails for reefing.

• EDICP: Correct method for bending sails for reefing. • Demonstrate this and explain the situations this is useful:

strong winds, short crew, etc.

• Pg 30-31, 74 IK

Sailing Activity – Gybing 105min

• Safe and effective method for gybing as helm. • Correct use of halyards, sheets and associated

deck hardware. • Working knowledge of the general steering and


• Instructor to talk through and demonstrate leaving the shore, in order to get out on the water to begin gybing.

• EDICP: Correct and safe method of gybing. • Explain importance and demonstrate correct method of

maintaining lookout. • Instructor on helm, carries out process of gybing ensuring

each crew member demonstrates their role effectively, and has the opportunity to rotate around all positions – including on helm.

• 3 tacks per rotation, more if required – this allows people to get comfortable in their role, however it also allows instructor suitable time to review each person doing their role.


• Pg 20-21, 46-47 IK • Activity Card 2 – Gybing • KIN: Gybing

Unrig boat 10min

• Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring participants

are involved in each step. • Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they had

when rigging the boat.





Debrief 25min

• De-rig the boat. • Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in

the session.

• De-rigging of boat and stowage of sails and cordage. • Provide general overview of the session focussing on

participants identifying problem areas and successes.



Session 3 3hrs




Safety Briefing – on boat, docked / onshore 10min

• Importance of safety equipment and emergency

procedures. • Recap previous session.

• Review safety equipment and what to do in the event of a man overboard, and fit life jackets correctly.

• Review hazards and determine how best to avoid them.


Sailing Theory – Anchoring dry run

20min • How to anchor a boat.

• EDICP: safe method of anchoring on shore – dry run. • Have all participants practice the activity and provide

feedback where required.

• Pg 76-77 IK

Activity 1: Trimming Sails & Angle of Heel, Sail Shapes and Telltales 60min

• Helm and trim sails effectively on all points of sail. • Effect and importance of heel and trim. • Correct use of halyards, sheets and associated deck

hardware.

• EDICP: correct and safe method of trimming and discuss angle of heel.

• Demonstrate and explain different sail shapes and telltales – manoeuvre boat to highlight these.

• Pg 10-11, 40-43, 45, 50-51, 76-77 IK

• Activity card 4 - Trimming, Telltales, Sail shapes (coming soon)

Activity 2: Heaving to 30min • Heave to.

• Working knowledge of the general steering and sailing rules and their application.

• EDICP: correct and safe method of heaving to, and explain when it is required to use.

• Have all participants practice the activity (rotating roles) and provide feedback where required.

• Pg 45 IK • Activity card 5 – Heaving to

(coming soon)

Activity 3: Anchoring 40min • How to anchor a boat.


• Demonstrate, explain and practice (EDICP) correct and safe method of anchoring – wet drill.


• Anchor • Pg 76-77 IK • Activity card 6 – Anchoring

(coming soon) Unrig boat

10min

• Unrig and pack up • Instructors to repeat how to unrig boat, ensuring participants are involved in each step.

• Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they had when rigging the boat.

Debrief 10min • Key elements for each of the skills they learnt in the




Session 4 3hrs




Safety Briefing 10min

• Correct fitting/wearing of life jackets. • Location and correct operation of all safety equipment

on board.

• Review safety equipment on board and explain importance of maintaining and correctly wearing a lifejacket.


Sailing Theory – Reefing of Sails underway dry run 20min • How to reef and shake out sails whilst underway.

• Demonstrate, explain and practice (EDICP) correct and

safe method of reefing of sails underway – dry run. • Pg 74 IK

Activity 1: Reefing & Shaking out Sails 30min

• Reef and shake out sails whilst underway. • Correct use of halyards, sheets and associated deck

hardware. • Working knowledge of the general steering and


• EDICP: correct and safe method reefing and shaking out sails whilst underway.


Activity 2: Recovery of Man Overboard (MOB) 50min • Recover a man overboard under sail as helm.

• Correct use of halyards, sheets and associated deck hardware.


• EDICP: correct and safe method of recovering a man overboard.


• Activity Card 3 – MOB Recovery

• Pg 72-74 IK • MOB dummy or equivalent • KIN: MOB Recovery

Activity 3: Triangle Course 50min • How to helm effectively around a triangular course.

• Correct use of halyards, sheets and associated deck hardware.


• Set up triangle course (prior to session if possible) • EDICP: correct and safe method to helm around

triangular course – time trial can be used. • Have all participants practice the activity (rotating roles)

and provide feedback where required.

• Pg 53-55 IK • Stopwatch • 3 buoys • Activity Card 7 – Triangle

Course (coming soon) Unrig boat

10min

• Unrig and pack up • Ensure participants are assigned the same role as they had when rigging the boat.

Debrief 15min




Sign or ‘defer’ participant’s logbook

• All Start Helming skills • Logbooks signed and dated (those that have not

adequately demonstrated course skills can be provided an action plan).

• Discuss options for those people who have not acquired the course skills.

• Sign or defer participants’ logbooks.


TACKINGHELM

Looks around to ensure it is clear to tackSays "Prepare to tack"

CREWMainsheet prepares to ease main

Trimmer #1 uncleats headsailTrimmer #2 prepares winch

HELMVisually checks crew is prepared to tack

Says "Ready to tack"CREW

If ready, respond "Ready to tack"HELM

Says "Tacking"Begins to push tiller away from self

CREWMainsheet is released

Trimmer #1 releases headsailTrimmer #2 pulls on headsail

HELM & CREW

Mainsheet changes side, taking mainsheetHELM

Version 2 - 2017 HELM & CREWOnce boat is aimed on course, trim sails

Instructor

Keelboat Any other crew prepare themselves to move across boat

When changing sides, face the bow, change hands on the tiller behind back

Other crew who need to begin to switch sides of boat do so

As boom changes side, helm and crew change sides

www.sailing.org.au

Wet Notes

MAN OVERBOARD (MOB) GYBINGANYONE ONBOARD THAT SEES THE INCIDENT HELM

Shout "MAN OVERBOARD!" Looks around to ensure it is clear to tackPoint to person Says "Prepare to gybe"

CREW (designated spotter) CREWContinues to point to MOB Mainsheet prepares to pull main in all the way

Position self in middle of boat, so helm can see Trimmer #1 uncleats headsailCREW or HELM (not spotter) Trimmer #2 prepares winch

Deploy flotation deviceHELM

Bring boat head to wind HELMHeave-to (slows the boat) Visually checks crew is prepared to gybe

CREW Says "Ready to gybe"Continue to trim sails CREW

HELM If ready, respond "Ready to gybe"Head on beam to broad-reach for 2-3 lengths HELM

Sail nearly dead downwind Says "Gybing"CREW Begins to pull tiller towards them

Drop headsail HELM & CREWKeep mainsail centred (or nearly so)

Keep tension on jib sheetsHELM Mainsheet changes side, taking mainsheet

Hold downward course until MOB is abaft of beam CREWHELM & CREW Mainsheet is released all the way

Gybe Trimmer #1 releases headsailAs boom changes side, helm and crew change sides Trimmer #2 pulls on headsail

HELMApproach MOB on close-reach (45-60 degrees)

Line up MOB between shouds and lowers HELMCREW

Trim sail for speedOTHER CREW HELM & CREW

Prepares lasso, in case MOB is not picked up Once boat is aimed on course, trim sailsCREW

Establish contact - lasso or retrieval method www.sailing.org.auEffect recovery on windward side

Any other crew prepare themselves to move across boat

As boom changes side (gybe takes place), helm and crew change sides

Other crew who need to begin to switch sides of boat do so

When changing sides, face the bow, change hands on the tiller behind back

By the end of this activity participants will be able to; understand the importance of checking weather conditions, recognising potential sailing related risks and using correct sheet handling techniques.

Session plan

Intro Session Debrief

5 mins 40 mins 10 mins

Activity Equipment/ Resources

Learning methods

Introduce Safety

Safety Equipment Spare rope

From your risk assessment of the centre present the participants with any information required to ensure their safety. Explain where weather forecasts can be obtained and how to understand information provided. Discuss varied weather conditions and the clothing required for the conditions including; hat, sunglasses, sunscreen, sufficient clothing, appropriate shoes, sailing gloves and water bottle. Demonstrate the correct fitting of a life jacket and how to operate it. Allow all participants to fit their own life jackets and offer correction/adjustments if required. Activity card 1A – can also be taught prior to boarding the boat

Safety at Boat

Unrigged boat

Before arriving at the boat outline initial dangers;

1. Step across and onto the boat. Don’t jump. 2. Be aware of the boom. 3. Stabilise yourself by having three points of contact with

the boat. 4. Once aboard guide participations to ensure that they

balance the boat.

1. Check weather conditions before going sailing

2. Wear safety equipment relative to conditions

3. Keep a look out at all times while on the water

Activity Card 1 – Safety Briefing

Safety On board

As above Once onboard the boat outline basic safety measures;

1. avoid standing on ropes and sails.

2. be aware of the falls of the main sheet.

3. keep hands inside the boat when leaving/returning to

shore.

4. location of safety equipment.

5. remain in-board if sitting to leeward.

6. keep a constant lookout and face forward.

7. clear communication and use of names;

• prepare to tack / ready to tack / tacking.

NB: Briefly mention actions participants need to take in the

event of instructor falling overboard (deploy anchor).

Ensure you demonstrate the correct;

1. rope grip and handling of halyards and sheets

2. method to load and unload winches

NOTE: Be aware of how unbalanced

the boat will feel to an inexperienced sailor.

Modelling: Ensure that you wear

gloves throughout the course to reinforce this

requirement for participates.

Activity Card 1 – Safety Briefing

Activity Card 3 Start Crewing + Helming - Heave To

www.yachting.org.au

By the end of this activity participants will be able to demonstrate some knowledge of parts of the boat, name all basic ‘Points of Sail’ and determine wind direction.

Session plan




Learning methods

Introduce; the wind, the boat, basic aerodynamics

Mini whiteboard, magnetic boats, access to view sailing area, Weather forecast

Discuss the importance of knowing prevailing weather conditions. Observe the outside weather to introduce wind awareness noting indicators and strength. Outline relevant parts of the boat-hull, rig, sails. (IK 6+7) Describe how a boat moves; pull mode, push mode and the no go zone. (IK 8+9) NB: 3 useful questions to ‘Establish prior knowledge’; 1. What brought you here? 2. What experience in any type of boat do you have? 3. Where to next? (Cruising/Racing, further training)

Whiteboard diagram

Rigged yacht on water

Using a large circle on the whiteboard, gradually expand a diagram to draw and explain;

1. To make way upwind a boat sails approximately 45’ either side of the wind. Indicate Close-Hauled including sail trim. Pull mode, aerodynamic forces on sails, keel, rudder and tiller.

2. Pointing bow into No Go Zone slows boat down, sails flap, boat slows down to a stop.

3. To sail close hauled pull sails in tight. The further bow points away from wind the more sails are eased. Indicate and label beam reach and broad reach including sail trim. Push mode.

4. Run. Indicate starboard and port. Push mode. 5. Direction is changed by tacking or gybing, bow/

stern passes through wind.

Erase part of the diagram. Participants place boats in position and set sails. Provide feedback and encourage questions. (IK 15)

Outline on-water figure of 8 ‘course’, briefly show MOB procedure on whiteboard. (IK 72) Explain the other points of sail may be used to leave / return to shore.

1. Start with the basics

2. Use repetition rather than overload of information

3. Display simple diagrams and refer to the text book

Activity – Points of Sail, Parts if Boat

Activity Card 3 Start Crewing + Helming - Heave To

www.yachting.org.au

Progression: In later sessions start to introduce more parts of

the boat and revisit points of sail leaving the

diagram blank for participants to fill in.

Diagram 1: Points of sail

NOTE: Use of correct terminology alongside

layman’s terms will assist beginners in developing their knowledge of nautical

terms.

Diagram 2: Parts of the Boat

NO GO

ZONE

STARBOARD

PORT

Close Hauled Close Hauled

Close Reach

Beam Reach

Broad Reach

Downwind (Run)

Close Reach

Beam Reach

Broad Reach

Downwind (Run)

DA

NG

ER

ZO

NE

Include;

• Main Sail

• Jib Sail

• Mast

• Boom

• Keel

• Rudder

• Tiller

• Bow

• Stern

Keelboat Activity Card 2 Tacking

By the end of this activity participants should be able to effectively crew (and helm) the boat, whilst tacking.

Session planner

Intro Tacking Debrief

5mins 50mins 5mins

Activity Equipment / Resources Learning methods

Intro Whiteboard, magnetic boat

Explain principle of tacking, discussing wind direction and awareness. (Boat already rigged)

Tacking Appropriately rigged boat

• EDICP: Correct and safe method of tacking.• Explain importance and demonstrate correct

method of maintaining lookout.• Instructor on helm, carry out process of tacking

ensuring each crew member demonstratestheir role effectively, and has the opportunity torotate around all positions.

• In Start Helming and above, positionparticipants on the helm, on the windward side(this is safer and they have a better view ofwhere boat is going, easier to spot hazards andshould be able to see telltales on sails).

• 6 tacks per rotation, more if required – thisallows people to get comfortable in their role,however it also allows instructor suitable timeto review each person doing their role.

• Progress from reach to reach, close-reachtacking and then close-hauled.

Debrief Logbooks Instructor to provide feedback for each person highlighting what was done well and what could be improved.

Keelboat

Keelboat Activity Card 2 Tacking www.sailing.org.au

Key messages

1. Maintain a continuous lookout2. Communication:

i) Prepare to tackii) Ready to tackiii) Tacking

3. Beware of the boom

2. Close-Reach Tacking

Keelboat Activity Card 2 Tacking www.sailing.org.au

C

B

A

1. Tacking Reach to Reach

The boat is sailing across the wind (reaching) with the wind coming over the left (port) side [A], then sailing through the No-Go Zone [B], and finally sailing back across the wind (reaching) with the wind coming over the right (starboard) side [C].

A

B

C

3. Tacking Close-hauled

At the beginning of the tack [A], the boat is sailing close-hauled with the wind coming over the left (port) side. In the middle of the tack [B], the boat crosses the wind and No-Go Zone and the sails lose all power. In the final part of the tack [C], the boat is again picking up speed, this time with wind coming over the right (starboard) side of boat.

By the end of this activity participants will be able to effectively crew and helm the boat whilst manoeuvring into and maintaining the ‘Heave To’ position.

Session plan

Intro Spinnaker Debrief



Learning methods

Clarify and allocate roles ‘Heave To’

Mini whiteboard, magnetic boats, rigged yacht in pen Instructor Notes

Explain the principle of Heave To, discussing wind direction and awareness and key steps and roles for crew and helm. Mention the conflicting forces which enable ‘Heave To’ to work and suggest situations where the position is used (ie emergency, rest, check a chart). NB: Ensure participants are aware of maintaining 3 points of contact during the manoeuvre.

‘Heave To’ Rigged yacht on water

1. Allocate one participant to observe while you demonstrate the ‘Heave To’ manoeuvre.

2. Pass the helm to the observer while staying close in proximity to offer support.

3. Correct any steps and allow time for all participants to practise each role.

‘Heave To’ process

As above Helm calls; “Ready to tack and heave to. Jib on very tight.”

“Tacking!” Tack. Enter tack slowly (to slow boat)

As boat slows, watch bow. Push tiller gradually toward

mainsail, making sure bow doesn’t pass Head To Wind.

(and accidentally tack straight back)

Once fully extended, sit against the tiller to hold the boat

in position

1. Ensure there is sufficient room to drift prior to coming up to tack

2. Ease the main slightly when going into a tack then fully after tack

3. Communication is key

Activity Card 3 – Heave To

Progression: Enter the tack slowly, exit the tack and steer

away from the wind more readily to enter the

‘Heave To’ position.

Activity Card 3 – Heave To

NOTE: All keel boats can ‘Heave To’. This

includes Fin Keel Boats. NB: Ensure Jib is over

trimmed to be flat across the foot.

Activity – Heave To

Keelboat Activity Card 4 Gybing

By the end of this activity participants should be able to effectively crew (and helm) the boat, whilst gybing.

Session planner

Intro Gybing Debrief

5mins 110mins 10mins



Explain principle of gybing, discussing wind direction and awareness. (Boat already rigged)

Gybing Appropriately rigged boat

• EDICP: Correct and safe method of gybing.• Instructor on helm, carry out process of gybing

ensuring each crew member demonstratestheir role effectively, and has the opportunity torotate around all positions.

• Reiterate importance and demonstrate correctmethod of maintaining lookout.

• In Start Helming and above, positionparticipants on the helm, on the windward side(this is safer and they have a better view ofwhere boat is going, easier to spot hazards andshould be able to see telltales on sails).

• Rotate positions, provide feedback.• 6 gybes per rotation, more if required – this

allows people to get comfortable in their role,however it also allows instructor suitable timeto review each person doing their role.

• Use heave-to position to enable people to rotatepositions.

• Progression of gybing:1. Downwind gybe2. Broad-reach gybe3. Beam-reach gybe

Debrief Logbooks Instructor to provide feedback for each person highlighting what was done well and what could be improved.

Key messages

1. Maintain a continuous lookout2. Communication:

i) Prepare to gybeii) Ready to gybeiii) Gybing

3. Beware of boom

Keelboat

Keelboat Activity Card 4 Gybing www.sailing.org.au

Beam Reach Gybing

[A] Preparing to gybe: Helm checks wind direction and selects reference to steer for aftercompleting the gybe, then calls “Prepare to gybe”. Crew checks to see if sheets are ready to runout and uncleats them and respond “Ready to gybe” [B] Bearing away: Helm calls out “Gybing!”and slowly turns the boat away from wind. Crew eases jib sheet and start to sheet in mainsail.[C] Turn stern through the wind: Helm continues to turn boat and main is sheeted in. Everyonekeeps head safely down as boom crosses. [D] Heading up: Crew lets mainsail out and sheet injib. Helm heads boat up towards the wind and steers for the reference as crew adjust the sails.

Downwind Gybing

At the beginning of the gybe [A], the sails are let out almost all the way and the wind coming over the right (starboard). In the middle of the gybe [B], the back (stern) of the boat crosses the wind and the sail swings over from one side to the other. In the final part of the gybe [C], the mainsail is let back out almost all the way and the boat continues on with the wind coming over the left (port) side of boat. Important: Sheet in before stern crosses the wind and remember to keep heads low as the boom swings over.

Accidental Gybes

[A] Turning away from the wind, boatbegins the gybe by heading down. [B] Deaddownwind, wind is directly behind the sternand the jib is limp and starts to cross theboat. These are the warning signs of animpending gybe. The mainsheet has notbeen seeted in to the middle of the boat. [C]Turning toward the wind, the stern hascrossed through the wind, the jib hascrossed, but the mainsail is still out with thewind starting to curl around its back side.The boat is sailing by the lee. [D] Wham! It’snow too late to do anything except duck!

Keelboat Activity Card 4 Gybing www.sailing.org.au

A

B

C

AB

D

C

A

B

C

D

Keelboat Activity Card 5 Man Overboard Recovery

By the end of the activity participants should be able to effectively crew (and helm) the boat, whilst recovering a Man Overboard (MOB).

Session planner

Intro Activity - MOB Debrief

10mins 110mins 15mins



Explain principle of MOB recovery, discussing wind direction and awareness, different roles and responsibilities and actual process. (Boat already rigged)

Man Overboard (MOB)

MOB Dummy if available or suitable replacement

• EDICP: Correct and safe method of the actionrequired to safely recover a man overboard.

• Instructor on helm for demo, can then passhelm on to participant, ensuring in arm’s lengthto take control.

• Carry out MOB Recovery three times, if MOB isnot recovered, review ‘why’ and try again.

• Rotate positions of all crew/helm, ensuring you(as instructor) still remain in charge and cantake control of boat if required.

• Use heave-to position to enable people to rotatepositions.

• Do not use life ring as MOB object – it is likelyto be picked up by another boat and/or youmay need it on your boat if a real MOB occurs.

Debrief Logbooks Provide general overview of the session focussing on participants identifying problem areas and successes.

Key messages

1. Shout “Man Overboard!”2. Spotter continually points to and

keeps eyes on the MOB3. Provide immediate flotation4. Quickstop method to recover MOB5. Apply first-aid if required

Keelboat Activity Card 5 Man Overboard Recovery www.sailing.org.au

Keelboat

Quick-Stop Recovery Method for Man Overboard (MOB)

1. Shout “Man Overboard!” anddesignated crew member tospot and point to the person inthe water. The spotter shouldnever take their eyes of victim.

2. Provide immediate floatation.Throw buoyant objects, such ascockpit cushions, sparelifejackets, fenders or life rings.Littering the water with objectswill help the spotter keep MOBin view.

3. Bring the boat head-to-wind,trimming the mainsail to close-hauled.

4. Allow the headsail to backand further slow the boat.

5. Continue to turn with headsailbacked, until the wind is abaftthe beam. Do not ease the sails.

6. Head on beam-to-broad reachcourse for two or three lengthsthen go nearly dead downwind.

7. Drop the headsail, whilekeeping the mainsail centred (ornearly so). The jib sheets arenot slacked, even during thedousing manoeuvre, to keepthem inside the lifelines.

8. Hold the downward courseuntil the victim is abaft of thebeam.

9. Gybe.10. Approach the victim on a course of

approximately 45 degrees to 60 degrees offthe wind.

11. Establish contact with the MOB with a heaving line or other device.12. Effect recovery over the windward side.

Overboard Recovery

When a crew member goes over the side, recovery time is of the essence. All participants must know how to react quickly to a crew

overboard situation.

Losing sight of the victim correlates very highly with loss of life.

Keelboat Activity Card 5 Man Overboard Recovery www.sailing.org.au

1 2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9 10

11

12

By the end of this activity participants will be able to trim the mainsail and jib efficiently and explain which ‘Point of Sail’ the boat is on at any given time.

Session plan




Learning methods

Introduce Trimming


Explain the principle of Trimming, discussing wind awareness; indicators of strength, direction and relevance of wind shifts. Highlight the use of the wind indicator. Show a figure of 8 course on the whiteboard and relate it to the current wind direction. Discuss current conditions including strength, direction, wind shifts and any likely changes. Explain basic principles of trimming, discussing wind direction, roles of helm, trimmers and main sheet hand. Allocate roles including one participant (observer) to watch and listen to ‘calls’ made by instructor who is demonstrating on helm. NB: Stress the importance of maintaining a constant lookout.

Trimming Rigged yacht on water

1. Demonstrate helming on a beam reach, tight reach and broad reach.

2. Pass helm to observer to imitate the above courses 3. Ensure correct use of terminology used. 4. Rotate participants through all positions allowing time

for practise, ensuring Instructor remains in charge and can take control of boat if needed.

1. Ease Sail until it luffs, trim until it stops luffing

2. Trimmers work together to ‘tail/grind’ when necessary

3. Helm and main sheet hand work together to manage power

Activity Card 6 – Trimming

Trimming Extension

As above Effectively trim the jib and main sails using the wind

indicator while sailing a close-hauled course and a

downwind course.

Instructor should remain close to helm when sailing

downwind to ensure there are no accidental gybes and

watch participants’ technique when using winches/main

sheet to ensure safe practice.

Most participants will need clarification on techniques

used to trim and ease sheets in strong winds, particularly

in gusty or shifty conditions. These can be shown in the

pen prior to sailing.

Wind Indicators can be confusing for beginners due to

apparent wind, they are affected by speed; the faster the yacht moves

and direction; the closer to the wind the yacht sails.

NOTE: Use of common terminology will provide an important model for

each participant.

Trimming Extension

(Wind indicator IK 27)

Trimming Diagram

By the end of this activity participants should be able steer the boat on basic points of sail, tack and gybe, balance the boat and trims sails correctly and ‘Call’ approaching gusts and lulls.

Session plan




Learning methods

Introduce the Triangular course (Heave To or in classroom)

Mini whiteboard, magnetic boats, Weather forecast

Draw a Triangular course on a whiteboard. Highlight a buoy or landmark to windward about 0.4 NM upwind. Note the wind strength and direction. Teach relevant key points on each leg of the course. Rotate roles to ensure each participant helms, trims mainsail / jib, observe and ‘calls’ wind.

Sail the course (Upwind Leg)

Rigged yacht on water

• Main sail trimmer; goal is to trim boom in to the centre-line, ease main in gusts, trim in lulls.

• Observer call gusts approaching; “Gust in Two”

(boat lengths or seconds).

• Helm and Main trimmer communicate

regarding power / weather helm.

• Helm watches jib luff. Sail ‘up’ till jib luffs, bear

away till it stops luffing. (Repeat every 10/15

seconds therefore steering efficiently through

wind shifts).

• Helm and Main sheet trimmer sit to windward.

Trimmers balance the boat.

Reaching legs As above • Mainsail and jib trimmers; ease sail till it luffs,

pull on till it stops luffing. Check sails regularly.

• Helm and mainsail trimmer continue to

communicate regarding power/ weather helm.

1. Triangular courses require tacks, gybes and sailing on all points of sail

2. Balance, accurate trim and clear communication is needed

3. Eyes out of the boat! - Looking for wind, other boats, marks

Activity Card 7 – Sailing a Triangular Course

Downwind As above • Helm; when sailing downwind, watch wind

indicator. It should point away from boom

towards windward, stern quarter. (Avoid

accidental gybes)

• Stay away from area where main sheet falls.

• Watch out for the boom!

• Communication is key! Keep a lookout.

Progression: Through EDICP, develop

participants ability to a point where they can sail the boat as independently

as possible.

NOTE: Use outhaul, backstay, luff tension and car position to

set up the boat for easy handling upwind.

Figure 2:

Trapezoid course

UPWIND

UPWIND

REACHING

DOWNWIND

REACHING

DOWNWIND

Figure 1:

Triangular course

By the end of this activity participants will be able to effectively reef and shake out the main sail and determine when reefing is required.

Session plan




Learning methods

Introduce Reefing


Explain that reefing effectively reduces the healing force making a boat easier to handle and control. Lowering the jib is a quick way to reduce power but requires a sailor to go up on deck towards to bow. Discuss the importance of being aware of the current weather forecast and having the reefing lines prepared prior to going sailing. Highlight key steps and different roles for Helm, Trimmers and main sheet hand. NB: Stress the importance of maintaining three points of contact whilst on deck during the manoeuvre.

Reefing Rigged yacht on water

While positioned close-hauled in a pen/ on mooring, demonstrate reefing the main sail ensuring all participants can view the key teaching points;

1. Sail a close-hauled course. Ease mainsheet slightly. Snug down topper.

2. Loosen Vang and Cunningham 3. Lower main halyard to a pre-set point. Whilst pulling on

reefing line, secure new tack. 4. Secure clew and ensure reefing line is tightened to

flatten foot of mainsail. 5. Secure the rolled lower section of mainsail using reefing

line. 6. Vang on. Sheet on. Maintain course.

1. Be prepared before leaving the shore

2. Sail a close-hauled course to enable a smooth reefing

3. Ensure reefing line is tightened to flatten the foot of the main sail

Activity Card 8 – Reefing / Reducing Sail Area

As above Give each participant the opportunity to reef the main sail

and rotate participants through all positions of crew and

helm.

Ensure you allow enough time for practise and continue to

offer sandwich model feedback throughout. Maintain

control of the on-water activity by remaining in the cockpit,

close to the helm.

NB: Participants may struggle, when steering, to hold the

boat on a close-hauled course as the boat is not balanced;

sailing mainly on the jib alone the pressure of the wind will

tend to rotate the bow away from the wind.

Be aware of how unbalanced the boat will feel to an inexperienced

sailor during the process of reefing.

Lowering the JIB

NOTE: When securing the rolled section of the

main sail, remember only tie around the

sail and not the boom.

Reefing the Main

Lowering the Main

Course Outline Start Crewing · Australian Sailing Start Crewing Recommended Run Sheet (Version 2...

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