COST final Brussels Vogeley

Kai Vogeley

Neuroimaging GroupDepartment of Psychiatry

University Hospital Cologne

Social Cognition GroupInstitute for

Neurosciences and MedicineResearch Center Juelich

Social Consciousness

Person Perception and Object Perception

Heider 1958

“Person Perception“

“social Perception“

(Heider 1958)

Inherent Ambiguosity,

Intentionality

Probabilistic Prcoessing

„Object Perception“

„non-social Perception“

(Heider 1958)

Causality

Deterministic Processing

Social Cognition

Cognitive processes focusing in differentiation and exchange of mental

phenomena for the purpose of communication and interaction with others

(self-other-differentiation, self-other-exchange)


Self-Other-

Differentiation

(Self Ascription)

Universality for

Homo Sapiens

Intuitive,Prereflexive Level

Inferential,

Reflexive, Level

Reference

Culture

Levels

Variability

across Cultures

Self-Other-

Exchange

(Ascription to Others)

Vogeley & Roepstorff 2009

Ego-Psychopathology

Daseinsbewußtsein

Vollzugsbewußtsein

Einheit des Ich

Identität des Ich

Ich-Bewußtsein im

Gegensatz zu Außen

(Jaspers 1913)

Ego-Vitality

Ego-Activity

Ego-Consistency

Ego-Identity

Ego-Demarcation

(Scharfetter 1985, 1996, 1998)

DelusionalMood

ComplexDelusional System

Delusion

Increased Disposition to

Ascribe to Others

(Conrad 1958)

Hypermentalising (Frith 2004)

Reduced Ability to Take

Other Persons Perspectives

(Blankenburg 1978)

Disturbances of Interaction and

Communication

Reduced Capacity to Ascribe to Others

Hypomentalising

(Frith 2004)

Universality of Psychopathology

Variability of Psychopathology

Social Cognition and Psychopathology


Systematic, Parametric Variation of Animacy Experience

Level 1Contact

Response

“Personal“ Stimulus“Physical“ Stimulus

Santos et al. 2008, 2010

Level 2Contact

Response

Level 3Contact

Response

Level 4Contact

Response


“Personal“ Stimuli (Stimulus Parameter)

“physical“

“more physical

than personal“

“more personal

than physical“

“personal“

1 2 3 4


Controls

Error Bars:

Standard Deviation


Level 1Contact

Response

Level 2Contact

Response

Level 3Contact

Response

Level 4Contact

Response


“Personal“ Stimuli (Stimulus Parameter)

1 2 3 4



Level 1Contact

Response

Level 2Contact

Response

Level 3Contact

Response

Level 4Contact

Response

R

R L

L1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

Amygdala Insula

Gyrus

fusiformisContrastEstimates

ContrastEstimates

Contrast

Estimates

Contrast

EstimatesMedialer

PFC

6 66 7

28 -2 -19 28 -2 -19

-28 -50 -11


Mixed two-way repeated measures ANOVAsign. MainEffect “Stimulus“ (F(3, 66)=61.6, p<.001)

HFAControls

“physical“

“more physical

than personal“

“more personal

than physical“

“personal“

Error Bars:

Standard Deviation

Loss of Differential Brain Activation in Autism

Santos et al. 2008, 2010; Kuzmanovic et al., in preparation

Level 1Contact

Response

Level 2Contact

Response

Level 3Contact

Response

Level 4Contact

Response

Induction Perception Fit

HFA: M = .59, SD = .24

Controls: M = .67, SD = .18

Difference: t(24) = .98, p = .335


Loss of Differential Brain Activation in Autism

Santos et al. 2008, 2010; Kuzmanovic et al., in preparation

Level 1Contact

Response

Level 2Contact

Response

Level 3Contact

Response

Level 4Contact

Response

1 2 3

R

R L

L

ContrastEstimates

6 -68 45

54 -44 51

Medial

PFC

4

1 2 3 4

Contrast

EstimatesInsula

anterior

HFA

Controls

HFA

Controls

1 2 3 4

Contrast

Estimates

Insula

posterior

Dorsomedial

PFCHFA

Controls

Contrast

Estimates

1 2 3 4

HFA

Controls

“Personal“ Stimuli (Stimulus Parameter; Control Persons > HFA)


Verbal Information (Positive Valence)

Sie hörte ihren Kolleginnen stets aufmerksam zu.Sie erzählte die Geheimnisse ihrer Kollegin nicht weiter.

…

Verbal Information (Negative Valence)

Sie hörte ihren Kolleginnen oft nicht aufmerksam zu.Sie erzählte die Geheimnisse ihrer Kollegin anderen weiter.

…

Competition of Inferential and Intuitive Processes

Kuzmanovic et al. 2010


Non-Verbal Information (Positive Valence) Non-Verbal Information (Negative Valence)


Kuzmanovic et al. 2010; Kuzmanovic et al., in Revision


Inferential (Verbal) Intuitive (Nonverbal)

Explicit Semantic InformationControlled Dispositional Inference

Verbal Presentation

Implicit InformationAutomatic Identification of BehaviourNonverbale Presentation

„superficial judgment“(Faces)Freeman et al. 2010

„individuated judgment“(Specific Verbal Information)

Freeman et al. 2010

Emotional ProcessingZald 2003; Sergerie et al. 2008; Said et al. 2009

Retrieval Episodic MemoryMaddock 1999; Maddock et al. 2001


Kuzmanovic et al., in Revision

verbal nonverbal

Contrast

Estimates

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3

Gyrus cinguli posterior

-14 -56 32

verbal nonverbal

0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3

-22 -6 -16

Contrast

Estimates Amygdala


RatingHFA

ControlsHFA

ControlsHFA

Controls

Kuzmanovic et al. 2010

Main Effect Valence(p < 0.001, r = 0.98)

Main Effect Valence (p < 0.001, r = 0.97)Interaction Valence x Modality (p < 0.001, r = 0.71)

Main Effect Modality(p < 0.001, r = 0.67)

Main Effect Valence

(p = 0.001, r = 0.58)

Interaction Group x Modality(p < 0.05, r = 0.39)

Main Effect Combination(p < 0.001, r = 0.77)

Interaction Group x Combination

(p < 0.05, r = 0.43)


Relative Influence (Example)Simple Impression Formation Complex Impression Formation

Error Bars: 95% Confidence Intervalof Mean Value

congruent incongruent


Joint Attention

Schilbach et al. 2010; Wilms et al. 2010



Joint Attention



Einzelkontrast

Self Joint vs. Self Non-Joint

Einzelkontrast

Other Joint vs.

Other Non-Joint

Joint Attention


Pfeiffer et al., in revision

Social Turing Test


Non-joint attention

Non-joint attention

Non-joint attention

1) Initiation phase2) Participant choses objectJoint attention

1) Initiation phase2) Participant choses objectJoint attention

Non-joint attention

“Was the virtual character controlledby another person (“1“) or

by the computer (“0“)?

Social Turing Test



Naive confederate: Avatar Version

0

0,5

1

Zero One Two Three Four Five Six

Times gaze following out of six

Ra

tin

g o

f h

um

an

ne

ss

Naïve ConditionThe confederate is introduced as partner who is naïve for the task of the participant. n = 22

Contingency: F = 3,61; p < 0,05

Linear Trend: F = 10,5; p < 0,01

Competitive confederate

0

0,5

1



Ra

tin

g o

f h

um

an

ne

ss

Cooperative confederate

0

0,5

1



Ra

tin

g o

f h

um

an

ne

ss

Competitive ConditionThe Confederate is Introduced as Competitive and Is Asked to make it as difficult as possible for the participant to pass the task.

Cooperative ConditionThe confederate is introduced as cooperative and is asked to make it as easy as possiblefor the participant to pass the task

n = 14

Contingency: n.s.

Trends: n.s.

n = 26

Contingency: F = 22,23; p < 0,001

Linear Trend: F = 21,25; p < 0,001

QuadraticTrend: F = 37,91; p < 0,001

Cubic Trend: F = 9,6; p < 0,01

Valence

Contingency

Social Turing Test



Raichle et al. 2001; Buckner et al. 2008; Schilbach et al. 2008; Vogeley 2010

Mental ContentDecrease of spontaneous thoughts

unrelated to the external world

Attention to the External WorldFocused attention

Mental ContentIncrease of spontaneous thoughts

unrelated to the external world

Attention to the External WorldDiffuse attention

Default Mode of Brain Function


Schilbach et al. 2008, in preparation; Vogeley 2010

Deactivation(553 Studies)

Meta-Analysis

Theory of Mind(75 Studies)

Activation Likelihood Estimation(ALE)

Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modelling(MACM)

Laird et al., J Neurosci 2009Eickhoff et al., J Neurosci 2010


Schilbach et al. 2008, in preparation; Vogeley 2010

Deactivation(553 Studies)

Meta-Analysis

Theory of Mind(75 Studies)

Deactivation ANDTheory of Mind


Short Term Scientific Mission (STSM): COST-STSM-BM0605-5500

Exploring the putative relationship of self-consciousness, social cognition and the ‘default mode of brain function’ in high-functioning autism by means of

constrained connectivity ICA graphs of resting state fMRI data

Hosts: Athena Demertzi & Andrea Soddu, Liège, Belgium

Guest: Leonhard Schilbach, Cologne, Germany

Default Mode of Brain in Function in HFA


Future Projects

Timmermans, B., Cleeremans, A., Vogeley, K: Do people with autism really make information more explicit? (in preparation)

Timmermans B, Pfeiffer U, Haider H, Bente G, Cleeremans A, Vogeley K: Joint sequence learning as a measure of

automatic action representation. (in preparation)


Implicit versus Explicit Learning in HFA

Implicit learning is intact in autism (e.g. Brown et al., 2010)

Earlier studies reported IL deficits due to combination of learning being explicit + lower IQ

(IQ influences explicit, but not implicit learning)Therefore, studies showing intact IL aim for totally implicit learning (e.g. no deterministic, but

probabilistic sequence learning)

Occasional reports on people with autism being able to memorise sequences explicitly are correlated

with high IQ

Question : irrespective of their IL capacity, is there anything that makes people with autism, if matched for IQ, able to spontaneously render information more explicit?

Measuring Joint Path Goals: Joint Implicit Sequence Learning

Joint action exists in 2 varieties: (a) final goal joint action, where both agents contribute with their

actions toward a joint task goal, and (b) path goal joint action, where both agents continuously have to incorporate the other's action in their own action planning (e.g.,

dancing).

Question: how can we develop a measure for joint path goals, i.e., ongoing representation and incorporation of the other person's actions in one's own?

Dr. med. Fritz Lehnhardt

Schwester Marita

Dipl.-Psych. Katharina KrämerMathis Jording, SHK

Dr. med. Leo Schilbach

Dipl.-Psych. Denis Engemann

Dipl.-Psych. Bojana Kuzmanovic

Dipl.-Psych. Kathleen VolpertDr. rer. nat. Ralf Tepest

Anja Kassecker, SHK

Dipl.-Psych. Alexandra Georgescu

Dr. Bert Timmermans

Ulrich Pfeiffer, M. Sc.

Theresa Schoofs, SHK

Dipl.-Psych. Astrid Gawronski

Thanks to

Cologne Group

COST final Brussels Vogeley

Documents

Transcript of COST final Brussels Vogeley