Coral Triangle Fishers Forum
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Transcript of Coral Triangle Fishers Forum
Coral Triangle Fishers Forum
15-17 June 2010Bali, Indonesia
Bycatch Initiatives forPacific Islands from SPC
Steve Beverly,Secretariat of the Pacific Community
Themes
• Fishing gear experiments• Protected species ToT workshop• Awareness materials• Tools• Databases• Lessons learned
Deep setting technique, or
• Effects of eliminating shallow hooks from tuna longline sets on target and non-target species in the Hawaii-based pelagic longline fishery
No shallow hooks
• Reduce bycatch of epipelagic and protected species
• Ensure that all hooks fish below 100 meters of depth
• Determine if method is operationally feasible within existing fishery
• Analyze changes in catch composition
Method• Uses mainline as floatline
• 3 kg lead weights are attached directly to mainline to sink all gear below 100 meters
• TDRs attached to all sets at first and middle hook positions
• 2000 hooks per set
Operational plan• 7 trips• 90 sets - alternated• 45 control vs 45 deep sets • No running or time break
between paired sets• Used same gear/bait for all sets• 14 sets per trip• Most trips lasted 21 days• Trips ran from June-December
2006
Catch % by gear type
Sickle pomfret
Opah
Shortfin mako shark
Bigeye tuna
Blue shark
Yellowfin tuna
Albacore tuna
Broadbill swordfish
Escolar
Blue marlin
Wahoo
Mahimahi
Striped marlin
Shortbill spearfish
%Deep
%Control
Deep setting:Deep setting:
IncreasesIncreases
No effectNo effect
DecreasesDecreases
Lessons learned
• Fisheries dependent experiments work better if the vessel has been chartered or otherwise compensated
• Just because a mitigation method works well does not mean that it will be taken up or put into regulations
• Fishermen are very concerned about cost – in time and money of mitigation methods
• Fishermen come up with solutions
Large circle hook experiments
• Establish cooperative research relationships• Test large circle hooks in existing Pacific Island
domestic longline fisheries • Determine the efficacy of large circle hooks at
catching target species compared with the hooks currently in use in the fisheries
• Promote the use of large circle hooks in the fisheries
What is a circle hook?
• Polynesian hook • Steel circle hook
• Point/shank 90o • Rotating hook
Other longline hooks
• Japan tuna hook • J hook/Spanish hook
• Terashima hook
Method
• Change half of vessels’ hooks to16/0 stainless steel offset circle hooks
• Begin first set by alternating hooks• All other sets have a random mixing of hooks• Maintain a 50/50 ratio• Monitor all catch by hook type• Make no other changes to fishing operations• Utilize local observers
Catch composition (number caught)
34%
30%
17%
10%
7% 1%1%
Albacore tuna
Mahimahi
Broadbill swordfish
Bigeye tuna
Skipjack tuna
Striped marlin
Wahoo
Target species catch by hook type
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Albac
ore tu
na
Mah
imah
i
Broadb
ill sw
ordf
ish
Bigey
e tuna
Skipja
ck tu
na
Stripe
d m
arlin
Waho
o
Species
Nu
mb
er c
aug
ht
O HOOK
X HOOK
Lessons learned
• Many fishermen are already using circle hooks• Cooperative research involving fishermen,
fisheries departments, RFMOs, IGOs, and NGOs can work well
• Identification of hooks by type and size is very important
• 50-100,000 hooks needed for analysis
Protected species ToT workshop 2009
Lessons learned
• Training of Trainers probably needs to be an ongoing activity because of turnover
• Resource materials and/or protected species course should be delivered as a generic finished product that can be amended according to individual country needs and practices
• Fulfills obligations of exporting countries
Awareness materials
• Manuals• Brochures• Posters/stickers• Species ID guides
Lessons learned
• Print limited numbers of awareness materials as things change rapidly and mistakes are made (eg, teracima/Terashima)
• Initial bi-lingual or tri-lingual material saves translation and reproduction costs down the road
• Include distribution costs in budget proposals• Ship as cargo not as baggage
Tools given out by SPC
• De-hookers• Line cutters• Bolt cutters• Dip nets
Alternative tools
Lessons learned
• Money can be saved by being innovative. Line cutter made with seat belt cutter cost $2.50. Commercial line cutter costs $200.
• De-hookers can be made from common materials
• Buying in bulk saves money.• De-hookers, line cutters, and dip nets have
other useful applications on a longline boat so are an easy sell.
Bycatch Databases
• Catch and effort database from logbooks and observer reports – in progress at SPC
• Document database – in progress at SPC• Lessons learned – budget a lot for this kind of
activity – it takes longer than you think, set up data bases as living documents, and hire a webmaster
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