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Transcript of Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004 Development Through the Lifespan Chapter 9 Physical and Cognitive...
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004
Development Through the Lifespan
Chapter 9
Physical and Cognitive Development inMiddle Childhood
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004
Body Growth in Middle Childhood
Slow, regular pattern Girls shorter and lighter
until about age 9 Lower portion of body
growing fastest Bones lengthen Muscles very flexible All permanent teeth arrive
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Common Health Problems in Middle Childhood
Vision - Myopia Hearing - Otitis media (middle ear infection) Malnutrition Obesity Illnesses Injuries
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Causes of Obesityin Middle Childhood
Overweight parents Low SES Parents’ feeding
practices Low physical activity Television Cultural food
environment
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Deaths from Injuries, North American Children, Ages 5–19
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Motor Development in Early Childhood
Gross Motor Skills Improvements: Flexibility Balance Agility Force
Fine Motor Skills Gains: Writing Drawing
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Physical Play Development in Middle Childhood
Games with Rules Sports Invented Games
Video Games Adult-organized
sports Physical Education
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Piaget’s Theory: Achievements of the Concrete Operational Stage Conservation
Decentration Reversibility
Classification Seriation
Transitive inference Spatial Reasoning
Directions Maps
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Key Information Processing Improvements
Increase in information-processing capacity
Gains in cognitive inhibition
Both may be related tobrain development
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Attention in Middle Childhood
Attention becomes more:
Selective Adaptable Planful ADHD
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Development of Memory Strategies
Rehearsal – early grade school
Organization – early grade school Knowledge base helps
organization Elaboration – end of
middle childhood Meaningful chunks of
information
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Information Processing and Academic Learning
Reading Whole-language
approach Basic-skills approach
Mathematics Drill “Number sense”
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Sternberg’s Triarchic Theoryof Intelligence
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Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logico-mathematical Musical Spatial Bodily-kinesthetic Naturalist Interpersonal Intrapersonal
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Explaining Differences in IQ
Genetics Accounts for about
half of differences Environment
SES Culture
Communication styles Cultural bias in test
content
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Language Development in Middle Childhood Vocabulary
Increases fourfold during school years
20 new words a day Grammar
Passive voice Infinitive phrases
Pragmatics Adjust to people and situations Phrase requests to get what
they want
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Learning Two Languages Bilingual Development
Learn both languages at the same time
Learn first language, then second
Sensitive period - childhood Bilingual Education
Language immersion Bilingual education
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Academic Achievement and Class Size
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Educational Philosophies and Practices
Traditional v. Open Classrooms New Directions
Theory Reciprocal teaching
Teacher-student Interaction Self-fulfilling prophesies
Grouping for learning
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Teaching Children withSpecial Needs
Learning Difficulties Mainstreaming
Gifted Talented
Divergent thinking and creativity