Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display....

Copyright ©2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Somatoform Disorders,

Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Conditions, and Dissociative Disorders


A wide variety of conditions in which psychological conflicts are translated into physical problems or complaints.

Impair functioning, ________________. ___________________________. Won’t be indicated on physical or

neurological tests.

SOMATOFORM DISORDERSsoma = “body” in Greek

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_________________:

A somatoform disorder involving the translation of unacceptable drives or troubling conflicts into physical symptoms.


Four categories of symptoms:

CONVERSION DISORDER

Motor symptoms or deficits. Sensory symptoms or deficits. _______________________. Mixed presentations.

____________________ – seem unconcerned with symptoms


___________________: A somatoform disorder involving the expression of psychological issues through bodily problems that have no basis in physiological function.


SOMATIZATION DISORDER

May be exaggerating a real physical condition.

Not deliberately “faking.” __________________. Do not voluntarily seek ____________

.


Related to somatization disorder is pain disorder.

Pain Disorder:A somatoform disorder in which the only symptom is ________________________________________________________


Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Somatoform disorder in which

people are preoccupied, almost to the point of being delusional, _______________________________________________________.


BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER

Gender based concerns. Men - Body build, genitals, hair. Women - Weight, breast size or shape,

facial features, scars, aging. The “defects” are

______________________________. Obsessed with looking at it, thinking

about it, concealing it.


Hypochondriasis:

Somatoform disorder characterized by the misinterpretation of normal bodily functions as __________________________.


HYPOCHONDRIASIS

_____________ with perceived abnormal functioning.

Distress that medical tests do not confirm their fears.

Many also suffer __________________. Unlike somatization or conversion

disorder, there is no abnormal bodily function or medical symptoms.


RELATED CONDITIONSThese conditions and behaviors also involve a

focus on the body, but are not somatoform disorders because the individuals know they are

not really ill.

MALINGERING (__________________) ______________ DISORDER (inner need

to maintain sick role) MUNCHAUSEN’S SYNDROME FACTITIOUS (or MUNCHAUSEN’S) BY

PROXY


THEORIES OF SOMATOFORM DISORDERS

MOTIVATIONS FOR ILLNESS Primary gain Secondary gain

INTEGRATIVE EXPLANATION


TREATMENT OF SOMATOFORM DISORDERS

Explore _____________________. _____________________. Provide behavioral techniques to control

symptoms.


Dissociative Disorders


DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

Dissociative identity disorder:

A dissociative disorder, formerly called multiple personality disorder, in which an individual develops more than one self or personality.


DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

Alters _____________________ Host ________________

The disorder is highly controversial.

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Dissociative Identity Disorder “__________” usually sudden and may be

dramatic _________________ relationships – have no

awareness of one another Mutually cognizant patterns – each is well aware

of the rest One-way amnesic relationships – most common

pattern; some personalities are aware of others, but the awareness is not mutual

Subpersonality differences: Vital statistics, abilities and preferences, physiological response


THEORIES OF DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

Highly TraumaticChildhood Explanation

vs.______________ Model

(enact roles demanded by a situation)


GOAL ________________.

METHODS Hypnotherapy Cognitive Behavioral Techniques

TREATMENT OF DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY

DISORDER


DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA Unable to remember details and

experiences associated with traumatic or stressful event

Four forms: _____________ – all events during a

specified time Selective – some events are forgotten _______________ – can’t remember

anything at all Continuous – failure to recall events

from a certain event to the present time


DISSOCIATIVE FUGUEformerly called psychogenic fugue

Dissociative ________: Dissociative ________:

A dissociative disorder in which a person, confused about personal identity, suddenly and unexpectedly travels to another place and is unable to recall past history or identity.


DEPERSONALIZATION DISORDER

Depersonalization:

An altered experience of the self, ranging from feeling that one's body is not connected to one's mind to the feeling that one is not real.

Depersonalization:

An altered experience of the self, ranging from feeling that one's body is not connected to one's mind to the feeling that one is not real.

Depersonalization Disorder:A dissociative disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent and persistent episodes of depersonalization.

Depersonalization Disorder:A dissociative disorder in which the individual experiences recurrent and persistent episodes of depersonalization.


People who feign illness because they like “being sick” are diagnosed with a ___ disorder.

A. factitious B. somatoform C. psychogenic D. psychophysiological


A person who interprets minimal symptoms as signs of serious physical problems and suffers significant anxiety and depression as a result might be diagnosed with a

A. Conversion disorder B. Somatoform pain disorder C. Hysterical somatoform disorder D. Preoccupation somatoform disorder

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