Cool Creek Culvert Evaluation.pdf

7/27/2019 Cool Creek Culvert Evaluation.pdf

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cool crEEk

Site Information

Site Locatio : Mt. Hood NF. 2.5 miles off US 26 on Still Ck Rd (FR 2612)

Yea I stalled: 1984

Lat/Lo : 1215311.02W Wate shed A ea (mi 2): 1.7

451753.01N

St eam Slope ( t/ t) 1: 0.0519 Cha el Type: Step-pool

Ba k ll Width ( t): 19.5 S ey Date: 4-6-2007

1Water surface slope extending up to 20 channel widths up and downstream of crossing.

Culvert Information

C l e t Type: Open-bottom arch C l e t Mate ial: Annular CMP

C l e t Width: 13 ft O tlet Type: Projecting

C l e t Le th: 48 I let Type: Projecting

Pipe Slope (st ct e slope): 0.022

C l e t Bed Slope: 0.015

(First hydraulic control upstream of inlet to rst hydraulic control downstream of outlet.)C l e t width as a pe ce ta e o ba k ll width: 0.66

Ali me t Co ditio s: Culvert placement perpendicular to road likely differs from original steamchannel alignment. Outlet possibly oriented further south than original alignment. Lateral scour pool atinlet may be associated with alignment. Energy is directed at left wall of pipe at inlet.

Bed Co ditio s: Cobbles to small boulders in pipe. Similar to natural channel.

Pipe Co ditio : Good condition. Only minor rust in places.

Hydrology

Discharge (cfs) for indicated recurrence interval

25% 2-y Q b 2 2-yea 5-yea 10-yea 50-yea 100-yea

21 70 83 134 172 262 3022 Bankfull ow estimated by matching modeled water surface elevations to eld-identi ed bankfull elevations.


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cu ve t S u Assessment

Cool Creek

Points represent survey points

Figure 1Plan view map.


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HISTOrY

The exact installation date is unknown, butthe culvert was included in the 1987 WesternFederal Lands Highway Division (WFLHD)Oregon Culvert Fish Passage Survey. The eldsurvey for the WFLHD study was conducted on10/19/1987. Special features that were notedincluded the observation that the footings were 4feet below the streambed and manmade poolswere built at outlet with log and rock barriers.With respect to sh passage, Oregon Departmentof Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) staff described theculvert as a very good open bottom arch, butthey note that the manmade pools at outlet mayrequire periodic maintenance. WFLHD staff ratedoverall culvert condition as poor, culvert capacityas fair, condition of foundation as fair, and withnegligible outlet scour. The culvert hydraulicswere considered compatible with the naturalstream hydraulics. In their comments they notethat despite the poor installation procedures,the Cool Creek culvert is a good sh passagedesign.

The following are photos from the WFLHD study:

Culvert inlet.

Typical stream channel.

It is unknown whether the log-drop structure 15to 20 feet downstream of the outlet was placedduring construction or was placed in response toscour of the culvert bed at some point following

construction. The drop structure was present atthe time of these 1987 photos.

SITE DESCrIPTIOn

The Cool Creek culvert is a short bottomlessarch that projects from the road ll. At the inletto the culvert the steep channel, predominatelycomprised of step-pool channel units, abruptly

attens. A deep pool has formed up againstthe left wall, creating a depositional bar alongthe right bank. The downstream half of theculvert consists of a relatively plane bed glide.Downstream of the culvert outlet, and extendingto the con uence of Still Creek, there are a seriesof constructed log-drop structures that are servingas the hydraulic controls for this reach. Arti ciallog-drop structures are also present upstream of the culvert.

The presence of arti cial log drops upstreamof the culvert required that the upstreamrepresentative reach be located a couple hundredyards upstream of the inlet. The upstreamreach consisted of a moderate gradient step-pool channel with active ood-plain terracesintermittent along both sides. Large material


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through the reach provided the framework for thestep/cascade units that made up the majority of the reach. A plunge pool adjacent to a log jamwas the only pool within the reach and served asa reference cross section.

SurvEY SuMMArY

Thirteen cross sections and a longitudinal pro lewere surveyed along Cool Creek in April 2007to characterize the culvert and an upstreamreference reach. No downstream referencereach was established due to the presence of arti cial log drops. In the culvert, representativecross sections were taken through the pool

and the glide. Three additional cross sectionswere surveyed downstream of the culvert tocharacterize the outlet as well as the expansion of

ow. Two additional cross sections were surveyedupstream to characterize the inlet as well as thecontraction of ow.

Due to the complexity of the channel between theupstream representative reach and the culvert,two separate hydraulic models were run toevaluate the hydraulics through these reaches.

While a longitudinal pro le was surveyed, crosssections did not capture grade breaks andhydraulic controls between reaches.

Four cross sections were surveyed tocharacterize the upstream representative reach;one at the upstream and downstream boundary,one along the top of a step and one through apool.

PrOfILE AnALYSIS SEgMEnT SuMMArY

The pro le analysis resulted in 13 pro lesegments. The culvert consisted of one pro lesegment that extended into the culvert outlettransition area. The culvert segment wascomparable to one representative segmentin the upstream channel. A segment in the

downstream transition area was comparableto a representative segment in the upstreamchannel. There was no comparable segment for the upstream transition segment (H). See gure 2and table 1.

SCOur COnDITIOnS

Observed conditions

Footing scour There was minor scour along theleft bank footing at the inlet. Footings were notscoured to the base or undermined in any waythat threatens structure integrity.

Culvert bed adjustment The culvert bedshows some attening of the pro le basedon comparisons of the bed to the slope of thestructure itself (assuming the culvert bed wasconstructed at the same gradient as the culvertstructure). This attening appears to be acombination of scour at the inlet and aggradationtowards the outlet. A scour pool has formedalong the left edge of the culvert, leaving araised surface along the upper right channelwithin the culvert. Material has deposited throughthe downstream half of the culvert lling in thechannel to resemble a glide. Backwatering andgrade control has been provided by the presenceof log-drop structures downstream of the culvert.

Pro le characteristics The pro le has a concaveshape through the crossing ( gure 2). This shapere ects scour at the inlet region, combined withaggradation in the downstream portion of theculvert and in the channel downstream of theculvert. A signi cant transition in the channelgradient occurs at the inlet to the culvert asthe channel ows through a series of log-dropstructures. It is this transition, along with thecontraction of ow through the culvert that hascreated the scour along the left edge of theculvert.

The low crown elevation of the culvert andthe deep level of embedment suggest that the


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installation of the Cool Creek crossing may havebeen placed too low in relation to the originalchannel pro le, which may have occurred in orderto avoid raising the road bed. Deep embedmentduring construction and/or deposition (partiallyrelated to the downstream drop structure) iscontributing to reduced capacity during ood

ows.

Residual depths The residual depth of thesingle pool within the culvert (segment G) isgreater (0.94) than the upstream channel (0.36-0.82) ( gure 21). Additionally, the downstreamtransition segment (F) has greater residual depths(0.43-0.54) than does the upstream channel(0.15-0.23). This suggests that the culvert hasexperienced additional scour beyond what isfound in the channel outside of the crossing. Nounits of measure.

Substrate Substrate in the upstream channel iscoarser than that found in the culvert, with morefrequent large particles and less frequent smaller particle sizes (including sand and small gravels).

A greater frequency of smaller particles in theculvert may be due to the gradient transition inthe culvert and the reduced capacity at higher

ows. Backwatering and reduced sedimenttransport capacity (i.e., low shear stress) allowsfor the deposition of smaller particles. All valuesare poorly sorted and positively skewed, which istypical for mountain streams (table 7). Althoughculvert sorting and skewness values fall outsidethe range of the natural channel, values do notdiverge substantially. Pebble counts are providedat the end of the site summary.

Predicted conditions

Cross-section characteristics Cross-sectionalow area, wetted perimeter, top width and the

width-to-depth ratio are considerably reducedby the culvert ( gure 12, gure 15, gure 17)re ecting the reduced capacity of the culvert.Hydraulic radius and maximum depth in the

culvert (segment G) are similar to the upstreamchannel (segment L) for ows up to the Q bf andthen become greater within the culvert abovethe Q bf ( gure 14, gure 16). Flow area, topwidth, and maximum depth are similar for thedownstream transition segment (F) as they arefor the upstream channel (M) for the range of

ows ( gure 12, gure 15, gure 16). The wettedperimeter and hydraulic radius of the downstreamtransition (segment F) are similar to the upstreamchannel (segment M) up to the Q 10 , above whichthe wetted perimeter is less in the downstreamtransition than in the upstream channel, whilethe hydraulic radius is greater ( gure 13, gure14). The downstream transition segment (F) hasa greater width-to-depth ratio as the upstream

channel segment (M) for ows up to the Q bf ,above which the transition segments width-to-depth ratio is less than the upstream channels( gure 17).

Shear stress The shear stress within the culvert(segment G) is similar to that of the upstreamchannel (segment L) for all ows modeled ( gure10, gure 19). Similarly, the shear stress of thedownstream transition segment (F) is similar tothe upstream channel segment (M) for all owsmodeled. However, the range of shear-stressvalues found in the transition segment is greatand the median value is greater than the medianvalue of the upstream channel.

Excess shear The excess shear analysis showsthat the culvert and upstream channel havesimilar excess shear values for the 25-percentQ 2 and the Q bf , but diverge above the Q bf ( gure20). It is above the Qbf that the potential for bedmobilization in the upstream channel increasesat a greater rate than in the culvert. Thiscorresponds with lower shear in the culvert athigher ows.

Velocity Velocity in the upstream culvertsegment (G) is higher than the downstreamrepresentative segment (L) for all ows modeled( gure 11, gure 18). These higher culvertvelocities correspond to the ow contraction


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(reduction in ow area) caused by the culvert.Velocity at the downstream transition (F) is similar to the upstream representative segment (M) at all

ows.

Scour summary

The Cool Creek culvert showed signs of bedadjustment including inlet scour and downstreamaggradation. Scour at the inlet is likely related toinlet-control conditions (limited capacity) during

oods. The downstream aggradation is likelycaused by the grade control log-drop structureslocated downstream of the crossing that lower the local slope. The abrupt transition in gradient

from the upstream log-drop structures to theculvert may be a function of the placement of the crossing. Continued aggradation in thedownstream portion of the culvert could further reduce the capacity of the culvert.

AOP COnDITIOnS

Cross-section complexity The sum of squaredheight differences in the culvert cross sectionsare not within the range of those in the channelcross sections (table 3). The upstream culvertcross section, taken through a pool has a higher value than the upstream channel. The inlet scour has created a deep pool along the left channel,leaving a higher bar surface along the rightchannel creating complexity in the channel. Incontrast, the downstream culvert section, takenthrough the glide is relatively at and featurelessand represents the aggraded portion of theculvert which is backwatered by the downstreamlog-drop grade control structures.

Pro le complexity Vertical sinuosity in theculvert is similar to that found in the upstreamchannel (segment L) (table 4). However, thevertical sinuosity of the downstream transition(segment F) is much higher than the upstreamchannel (segment M), a result of the gradecontrol log structures.

Depth distribution There is more channel marginhabitat in the culvert compared to the channel at25-percent Q 2 (table 5).

Habitat units The habitat-unit composition inthe culvert is very different than the upstreamchannel (table 6). Whereas the culvert is made upof one long scour pool followed by a long glide,the upstream channel is composed of steep rif esinterspersed by short pools, a step, and a plungepool.

Residual depths The residual depth of theplunge pool in the culvert (0.95) is greater thanthat found in the upstream channel (0.36-0.82)( gure 21). Similarly, residual depths in thedownstream transition (0.43-0.54) are greater than those in the upstream channel (0.15-0.23).

Bed material The bed material in the upstreamchannel is coarser than that found in the culvert.The distributions of the two pool units are fairlysimilar, with a slightly greater number of coarser particles and a noticeable lack of sand and very

ne gravels in the upstream channel. The stephas no rocks less than 11.3 millimeters and theglide has no rocks greater than 362 millimeters.The larger material in the natural channel mayprovide for velocity refuge for sh that exceedswhat is available in the culvert.


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Large woody debris There was no LWD presentin the culvert (table 8). The representativechannel had high LWD abundance. LWD formedsteps and scour pools in the channel outside thecrossing and played a primary role in habitat-unitcreation and complexity. Features in the culvertdid not mimic the role of wood in the naturalchannel. The culvert, which has a low rise, isunlikely to be able to transport or retain LWDwithout considerable scour risk. Constructedwood-drop structures were present in the channelupstream and downstream of the crossing.

AOP summary

Some metrics, such as cross-section complexityand shallow-water habitat availability at25-percent Q 2 are greater in the culvert than thenatural channel. However, cross-section shape(e.g., width-to-depth ratio and wetted perimeter)changes sharply at the crossing, with potentialimpacts on availability of channel margin habitatas ows increase. The habitat unit compositionis very different in the culvert with only one long

pool unit whose residual depth is greater thanthat found in the upstream channel. The greater residual depth may create good holding cover inthe culvert; however, large substrate elementsthat are also important for velocity refuge arescarcer in the culvert.

DESIgn COnSIDErATIOnS

This culvert is deeply embedded and mayhave capacity limitations, especially if materialcontinues to aggrade inside the structure.Because of the low height (rise) of the structure,woody debris may become easily impinged at theinlet or inside the culvert, further limiting capacity.

Flattening of the gradient through downstreamgrade control has possibly kept material fromscouring out over the years but it also could leadto further aggradation and capacity reduction thatcould cause overtopping during a large event.Increasing the culvert rise could ameliorate thesepotential issues, but it would require raising theroad prism because of the low elevation of theroad ll above the pipe.


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4 8 0

4 9 0

5 0 0

5 1 0

5 2 0

5 3 0

5 4 0

0

1 0 0

2 0 0

3 0 0

4 0 0

5 0 0

6 0 0

7 0 0

8 0 0

D i s t a n c e a

l o n g

b e

d ( f e e t )

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M X S 1 4 :

P e b

b l e c o u n

t

( s t e p )

X S 4 :

P e b

b l e c o u n

t

( g l i d e )

X S 1 3 :

P e b

b l e c o u n t

( p o o

l )

X S 5 :

P e b

b l e c o u n

t

( p o o

l )

C u l v e r t

R e p r e s e n t a t

i v e C h a n n e l

L o g

d r o p s t r u c

t u r e s

L o g

d r o p s t r u c t u r e s

X S 3

X S 2

X S 1 0

X S 9

X S 6

X S 1

X S 8

X S 1 5

X S 1 2

X S 1 1

X S 7

F i g u r e 2 C o o l C r e e k l o n g i t u d i n a l p r o l e .

T a b l e 1 S e g m e n t c o m p a r i s o n s

Relative Elevation (ft)

C u

l v e r t

S e g m e n t

R e p r e s e n t a t i v e

C h a n n e

l

S e g m e n t

% D

i f f e r e n c e

i n

G r a

d i e n t

G

L

3 4 %

D o w n s t r e a m

T r a n s

i t i o n

F

M

3 5 %

A

2 2

0 . 0 4 6

B

1 7

0 . 0 7 5

C

4 7

0 . 0 2 2

D

1 2

0 . 1 3 0

E

3 6

0 . 0 3 0

F

2 6

0 . 0 6 0

G

7 6

0 . 0 1 5

H

2 2

0 . 1 0 1

I

7 2

0 . 0 5 4

J

6 6

0 . 0 8 0

K

2 4 5

0 . 0 6 0

L

7 8

0 . 0 2 3

M

6 8

0 . 0 3 9

S e

g m e n t

S e g m e n t

L e n g t h

( f t )

S e g m

e n t

G r a

d i e n t


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T a b l e 2 S u m m a r y o f s e g m e n t s u s e d f o r c o m p a r i s o n s

S e g m

e n

t

r a n g e o

f M a n n

i n g

s n

v a

l e s 1

# o

f m e a s e

d X S s

# o

f i n t e p o

l a t e d X S s

F

0 . 1 2 3 0 . 1 2 7 9

2

3

G

0 . 0 5 8 0 . 1 2 3

4

6

L

0 . 1 0 9 5

0 . 1 1 7 9

2

9

M

0 . 1 1 3 6

0 . 1 1 6 4

2

6

1 O b t a i n e d u s i n g e q u a t i o n f r o m J a r r e t t ( 1 9 8 4 ) : n = 0 . 3 9 S 0 . 3 8 R - 0 . 1 6 , w

h e r e S = s t r e a m s l o p e ; R = h y d r a u l i c r a d i u s . J a r r e t t s e q u a t i o n

o n l y a p p l i e d w i t h i n t h e f o l l o w i n g r a n g e s : S = 0 . 0 0 2 t o 0 . 0 8 , R = 0 . 5 f t t o 7 f t . F o r c r o s s s e c t i o n s o u t s i d e t h e s e r a n g e s , n w a s c o m p u t e d

e i t h e r f r o m a d j a c e n t s e c t i o n s t h a t f e l l w i t h i n t h e r a n g e s , u s i n g t h e g u i d a n c e o f A r c e m e n t a n d S c h n e i d e r ( 1 9 8 7 ) , o r f r o m t h e H E C - R A S

r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s f o r c u l v e r t m o d e l i n g .


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0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

1 6 0

5 2 6

5 2 8

5 3 0

5 3 2

5 3 4

5 3 6

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

W S

Q 1 0 0

W S

Q 5 0

W S

Q 1 0

W S

Q b f

W S

2 0 c f s

G r o u n d

1 1 . . . .

1 2

1 2 . . . .

1 2 . . . .

1 2 . . . .

1 2 . . . .

1 3 . . . 1 3 . . .

1 3 . 3 * . . .

1 3 . 5

1 3 . 6 6 6 6 *

1 3 . 8 3 3 3 *

1 4

1 4 . 2 5

1 4 . 5

1 4 . 7 5

1 5

F i g u r e 3 H E C - R A S p r o l e .

a ) u p s

t e a m

C h a n n e

l r e a c

h

b ) C

l v e t

r e a c

h

Elevation (ft) 0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

4 9 6

4 9 8

5 0 0

5 0 2

5 0 4

5 0 6

5 0 8

5 1 0

5 1 2

M a

i n C h a n n e

l D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

W S Q 1 0 0

W S Q 5 0

W S Q 1 0

W S Q b f

W S 2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

1

1 . 5 *

2

2 . 5 *

3

4

4 . 3

4 . 6 5 *

5

5 . 2 5

5 . 5

6

6 . 5 *

7 7 . 1

7 . 2 5 *

7 . 4 *

7 . 5 5 *

7 . 7

7 . 8 5 *

8

8 . 4 5 *

8 . 9 9

Elevation (ft)

S t a t i o n s w i t h d e c i m a l v a l u e s a r e i n t e r p o l a t e d c r o s s s e c t i o n s p l a c e d a l o n g t h e s u r v e y e d p r o l e .


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F i g u r e 4 C r o s s - s e c t i o n p l o t s . O n l y m e a s u r e d c r o s s s e c t i o n s a r e i n c l u d e d . M a n n i n g s n v a l u e s a r e i n c l u d e d a t t h e t o p o f t h e c r o s s s e c t i o n . T h e

s t a t i o n i n g ( R S ) c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e s t a t i o n i n g o n t h e H E C - R A S p r o l e . G r e e n a r r o w s d e n e

t h e i n e f f e c t i v e o w a r e a s . B l a c k a r r o w s r e p r e s e n t

p o i n t s i d e n t i e d i n t h e

e l d a s t h e b a n k f u l l c h a n n e l b o u n d a r y . O n l y t h o s e p o i n t s i d e n t i e d i n t h e e l d a n d s u p p o r t e d b y h y d r a u l i c a n d t o p o g r a p h i c

a n a l y s e s a r e s h o w n b e l o w .

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

5 3 2

5 3 4

5 3 6

5 3 8

5 4 0

R S =

1 5

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n d

W S

Q 1 0 0

W S

Q 5 0

W S

Q 1 0

W S

Q b f

W S

2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

L e v e e

B a n

k S t a

. 1 1 5 2

. 1 1 5 2

. 1 1 5 2

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

5 3 0

5 3 2

5 3 4

5 3 6

5 3 8

R S =

1 4

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n d

W S

Q 1 0 0

W S

Q 5 0

W S

Q 1 0

W S

Q b f

W S

2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

L e v e e

B a n

k S t a

. 1 1 3 6

. 1 1 3 6

. 1 1 3 6

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

5 2 6

5 2 8

5 3 0

5 3 2

5 3 4

5 3 6

R S =

1 3

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n

d

W S Q 1 0 0

W S Q 5 0

W S Q 1 0

W S Q b f

W S 2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

B a n

k S t a

. 1 0 9 5

. 1 0 9 5

. 1 0 9 5

Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)Elevation (ft)

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

5 2 6

5 2 8

5 3 0

5 3 2

5 3 4

5 3 6

R S =

1 2

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n

d

W S Q 1 0 0

W S Q 5 0

W S Q 1 0

W S Q b f

W S 2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

B a n

k S t a

. 1 1 6 2

. 1 1 6 2

. 1 1 6 2

Elevation (ft)


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s t a t i o n i n g ( R S ) c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e s t a t i o n i n g o n t h e H E C - R A S p r o l e . G r e e n a r r o w s d e n e t h e i n e f f e c t i v e o w a r e a s . B l a c k a r r o w s r e p r e s e n t

p o i n t s i d e n t i e d i n t h e e l d a s t h e b a n k f u l l c h a n n e l b o u n d a r y . O n l y t h o s e p o i n t s i d e n t i e d i n t h e e l d a n d s u p p o r t e d b y h y d r a u l i c

a n d t o p o g r a p h i c

a n a l y s e s a r e s h o w n b e l o w . ( c o n t i n u e d )

- 4 0

- 2 0

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

5 0 8

5 1 0

5 1 2

5 1 4

5 1 6

R S =

9

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n

d

W S Q 1 0 0

W S Q 5 0

W S Q 1 0

W S Q b f

W S 2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

B a n

k S t a

. 1 3 7

. 1 3 7

Elevation (ft)

- 1 0

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

5 0 0

5 0 2

5 0 4

5 0 6

5 0 8

5 1 0

R S =

6

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n d

W S

Q 1 0 0

W S

Q 5 0

W S

Q 1 0

W S

Q b f

W S

2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

I n e

f f

B a n

k S t a

. 0 7 5

. 0 6 5 3

. 0 7 5

Elevation (ft)

- 4 0

- 2 0

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

5 0 6

5 0 8

5 1 0

5 1 2

5 1 4

R S =

8

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n

d

W S Q 1 0 0

W S Q 5 0

W S Q 1 0

W S Q b f

W S 2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

B a n

k S t a

. 1 3 7

. 1 3 7

. 1 3 7

Elevation (ft)

- 2 0

- 1 0

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

5 0 2

5 0 4

5 0 6

5 0 8

5 1 0

5 1 2

R S =

7

S t a t

i o n

( f t )

L e g e n

d

W S Q 1 0 0

W S Q 5 0

W S Q 1 0

W S Q b f

W S 2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

B a n

k S t a

. 1 3 9 4

. 1 3 9 4

. 1 3 9 4

Elevation (ft)


13/35

A47

Site Eva uati ns

Cool Creek



p o i n t s i d e n t i e d i n t h e e l d a s t h e b a n k f u l l c h a n n e l b o u n d a r y . O n l y t h o s e p o i n t s i d e n t i e d i n t h e e l d a n d s u p p o r t e d b y h y d r a u l i c a n d t o p o g r a p h i c


- 4 0

- 3 0

- 2 0

- 1 0

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

5 0 0

5 0 2

5 0 4

5 0 6

5 0 8

R S =

5

N o

t e : n v a

l u e s

f o r

f i r s t p r o

f i l e .

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n

d

W S Q 1 0 0

W S Q 5 0

W S Q 1 0

W S Q b f

W S 2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

B a n

k S t a

. 0 6 2 9

- 4 0

- 3 0

- 2 0

- 1 0

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

5 0 0

5 0 2

5 0 4

5 0 6

5 0 8

5 1 0

R S =

4

N o

t e : n v a

l u e s

f o r

f i r s t p r o

f i l e .

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n d

W S Q 1 0 0

W S Q 5 0

W S Q 1 0

W S Q b f

W S 2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

B a n

k S t a

. 0 6 5 6

Elevation (ft)Elevation (ft)

Elevation (ft)

- 1 0

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

5 0 0

5 0 2

5 0 4

5 0 6

5 0 8

5 1 0

R S =

3

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n

d

W S

Q 1 0 0

W S

Q 5 0

W S

Q 1 0

W S

Q b f

W S

2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

I n e

f f

B a n

k S t a

. 1 1 9 5

. 1 1 9 5

. 1 1 9 5

Elevation (ft)

- 2 0

- 1 0

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

5 0 0

5 0 2

5 0 4

5 0 6

5 0 8

R S =

2

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n d

W S

Q 1 0 0

W S

Q 5 0

W S

Q 1 0

W S

Q b f

W S

2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

I n e

f f

B a n

k S t a

. 1 2 6 4

. 1 2 6 4

. 1 2 6 4


14/35

A48


Cool Creek



p o i n t s i d e n t i e d i n t h e e l d a s t h e b a n k f u l l c h a n n e l b o u n d a r y . O n l y t h o s e p o i n t s i d e n t i e d i n t h e e l d a n d s u p p o r t e d b y h y d r a u l i c a n d t o p o g r a p h i c


Elevation (ft)

- 2 0

- 1 0

0

1 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

4 9 8

5 0 0

5 0 2

5 0 4

5 0 6

R S =

1

S t a t i o n

( f t )

L e g e n d

W S

Q 1 0 0

W S

Q 5 0

W S

Q 1 0

W S

Q b f

W S

2 0 c

f s

G r o u n

d

I n e

f f

B a n

k S t a

. 1 2 7 9

. 1 2 7 9

. 1 2 7 9


15/35

A49

Site Eva uati ns

Cool Creek

F i g u r e 5 F l o w A r e a ( t o t a l ) p r o l e p l o t .

a ) u p s

t e a m

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

1 5 - 1

2 )

b ) C

l v e t

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

9 - 1

)

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

1 6 0

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

F l o w

A r e a

Q 1 0 0

F l o w

A r e a

Q 5 0

F l o w

A r e a

Q 1 0

F l o w

A r e a

Q b f

F l o w

A r e a

2 0 c f s

L

M

F l o w

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

F l o w

A r e a

Q 1 0 0

F l o w

A r e a

Q 5 0

F l o w

A r e a

Q 1 0

F l o w

A r e a

Q b f

F l o w

A r e a

2 0 c f s

C u l v e r

t

F l o w

F

G

H

I

Flow Area (sq ft)Flow Area (sq ft)


16/35

A50


Cool Creek

b ) C

l v e t

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

9 - 1

)

a ) u p s

t e a m

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

1 5 - 1

2 )

F i g u r e

6 W e t

t e d p e r i m e t e r .

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

1 6 0

1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

W . P . T

o t a l

Q 1 0 0

W . P . T

o t a l

Q 5 0

W . P . T

o t a l

Q 1 0

W . P . T

o t a l

Q b f

W . P . T

o t a l

2 0 c f s

L

M

F l o w

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

W . P . T

o t a l

Q 1 0 0

W . P . T

o t a l

Q 5 0

W . P . T

o t a l

Q 1 0

W . P . T

o t a l

Q b f

W . P . T

o t a l

2 0 c f s

C u l v e r t

F l o w

F

G

H

I

W.P. Total (ft)W.P. Total (ft)


17/35

A51

Site Eva uati ns

Cool Creek

b ) C

l v e t

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

9 - 1

)

a ) u p s

t e a m

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

1 5 - 1

2 )

F i g u r e

7 H y d r a u l

i c R a d

i u s .

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

1 6 0

0 . 4

0 . 6

0 . 8

1 . 0

1 . 2

1 . 4

1 . 6

1 . 8

2 . 0

2 . 2

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

H y d r R a d

i u s

Q 5 0

H y d r R a d

i u s

Q 1 0 0

H y d r R a d

i u s

Q 1 0

H y d r R a d

i u s

Q b f

H y d r R a d

i u s

2 0 c f s

L

M

F l o w

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

0 . 0

0 . 5

1 . 0

1 . 5

2 . 0

2 . 5

3 . 0

3 . 5

4 . 0

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

H y d r R a d

i u s

Q 1 0 0

H y d r R a d

i u s

Q 5 0

H y d r R a d

i u s

Q 1 0

H y d r R a d

i u s

Q b f

H y d r R a d

i u s

2 0 c f s

C u l v e r

t

F l o w

F

G

H

I

Hydr Radius (ft)Hydr Radius (ft)


18/35


19/35

A53

Site Eva uati ns

Cool Creek

F i g u r e 9 M a x i m u m D e p t h .

a ) u p s

t e a m

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

1 5 - 1

2 )

b ) C

l v e t

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

9 - 1

)

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

1 6 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

M a x

C h l D p t

h Q 1 0 0

M a x

C h l D p t

h Q 5 0

M a x

C h l D p t

h Q 1 0

M

a x C h l D p t

h Q b f

M a x

C h l D p t

h 2 0 c f s

L

M

F l o w

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

M a x

C h l D p t

h Q 1 0 0

M

a x C h l D p t

h Q 5 0

M

a x C h l D p t

h Q 1 0

M a x

C h l D p t

h Q b f

M a x

C h l D p t

h 2 0 c f s

C u l v e r t

F l o w

F

G

H

I

Max Chl Dpth (ft)Max Chl Dpth (ft)


20/35

A54


Cool Creek

F i g u r e 1 0 S h e a r s t r e s s ( c h a n n e l ) p r o l e .

a ) u p s

t e a m

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

1 5 - 1

2 )

b ) C

l v e t

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

9 - 1

)

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

1 6 0

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

S h e a r C

h a n

Q 1 0 0

S h e a r C

h a n

Q 5 0

S h e a r C

h a n

Q 1 0

S h e a r C

h a n

Q b f

S h e a r

C h a n

2 0 c f s

L

M

F l o w

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

S h e a r C

h a n

Q 1 0 0

S h e a r C

h a n

Q 5 0

S h e a r C

h a n

Q 1 0

S h e a r C

h a n

Q b f

S h e a r C

h a n

2 0 c f s

C u l v

e r t

F l o w

F

G

H

I

Shear Chan (lb/sq ft)Shear Chan (lb/sq ft)


21/35

A55

Site Eva uati ns

Cool Creek

F i g u r e 1 1 V e l o c i t y ( c h a n n e l ) p r o l e p l o t .

a ) u p s

t e a m

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

1 5 - 1

2 )

b ) C

l v e t

r e a c

h ( s e c

t i o n s

9 - 1

)

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

1 6 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

V e l C h n l Q 1 0 0

V e l C h n l Q 5 0

V e l C h n l Q 1 0

V e l C h n l Q b f

V e l C h n l 2 0 c f s

L

M

F l o w

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

M a i n

C h a n n e l

D i s t a n c e

( f t )

L e g e n

d

V e l C h n l Q 1 0 0

V e l C h n l Q 5 0

V e l C h n l Q 1 0

V e l C h n l Q b f

V e l C h n l 2 0 c f s

C u l v e r

t

F l o w

F

G

H

I

Vel Chnl (ft/s)Vel Chnl (ft/s)


22/35

A56


Cool Creek

B o x

P l o t E x p

l a n a

t i o n

F i g u r e 1 2 F l o w A r e a ( t o t a l ) .

M a x

i m u m

v a l u e

7 5 t h p e r c e n

t i l e

M e d

i a n

( a k a

5 0 t h p e r c e n

t i l e )

2 5 t h p e r c e n

t i l e

M i n i m u m

v a l u e

5 0 %

o f t h e v a

l u e s

1 0 0 %

o f t h e v a

l u e s

M a x

i m u m

v a l u e

7 5 t h p e r c e n

t i l e

M e d

i a n

( a k a

5 0 t h p e r c e n

t i l e )

2 5 t h p e r c e n

t i l e

M i n i m u m

v a l u e

5 0 %

o f t h e v a

l u e s

1 0 0 %

o f t h e v a

l u e s

0 4 0 8 0 1 2

0

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v

)

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

2 5 % Q 2

Q b f

1 0

5 0

1 0 0

Flow Area (ft 2)


23/35

A57

Site Eva uati ns

Cool Creek

F i g u r e

1 3

W e t

t e d P e r

i m e t e r .

F i g u r e

1 4

H y d r a u l i c

R a d

i u s .

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

2 5 % Q 2

Q b f

1 0

5 0

1 0 0

0 1 2 3 4

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s )

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

2 5 % Q 2

Q b f

1 0

5 0

1 0 0

Hydraulic Radius (ft)Wetted Perimeter (ft)


24/35

A58


Cool Creek

Maximum Depth (ft)

F i g u r e

1 5

T o p

W i d t h

.

F i g u r e 1 6 M a x i m u m D e p t h .

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v

)

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

2 5 % Q 2

Q b f

1 0

5 0

1 0 0

0 2 4 6

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v

)

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

2 5 % Q 2

Q b f

1 0

5 0

1 0 0

Top Width (ft)


25/35

A59

Site Eva uati ns

Cool Creek

F i g u r e 1 7 W i d t h - t o - d e p t h R a t i o .

F i g u r e 1 8 V e l o c i t y ( c h a n n e l ) .

Velocity (ft/sec)Width-to-depth Ratio

0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s )

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

2 5 % Q 2

Q b f

1 0

5 0

1 0 0

0 2 4 6 8

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s )

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

2 5 % Q 2

Q b f

1 0

5 0

1 0 0


26/35

A60


Cool Creek

F i g u r e 1 9 S h e a r S t r e s s ( c h a n n e l ) .

F i g u r e 2 0 E x c e s s S h e a r S t r e s s .

E x c e s s s h e a r s t r e s s i s t h e c h a n n e l s h e a r d i v i d e d b y t h e

c r i t i c a l

s h e a r f o r b e d e n t r a i n m e n t o f t h e D 8

4 p a r t i c l e s i z e . V

a l u e s o f e x c e s s

s h e a r g r e a t e r t h a n 1 i n d i c a t e b e d m o v e m e n t f o r t h e D 8

4 p a r t i c l e

s i z e . 0 4 8 1 2 1 6

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s )

G ( c u l v )

L

M

F ( d s

t r a n s

)

G ( c u l v )

L

M

2 5 % Q 2

Q b f

1 0

5 0

1 0 0

Shear Stress (lbs/ft 2)

0 0 . 5 1

1 . 5 2

2 . 5 3

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

2 5 0

3 0 0

3 5 0

D i s c h a r g e

( c f s )

U S C h a n n e l

( U S p e

b b l e c o u n

t ) - s

t e p

C u l v e r t

( D S p e

b b l e c o u n

t ) - g

l i d e

Excess Shear (Applied/tcrit)


27/35


28/35

A62


Cool Creek

Table 5Depth distribution

reach XS Locatio 25% Q 2 Withi a e o cha el co ditio s?

Culvert US 2 No

DS 0 No

Upstream US 4

DS 4

Table 6Habitat unit composition

Pe ce t o s ace a eaReach Pool Glide Rif e Step

Culvert 32% 44% 0% 0%

Upstream Channel 15% 0% 76% 7%

Figure 21Residual depths .

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

S e g m e n

t A

S e g m e n

t B

S e g m e n

t C

S e g m e n

t D

S e g m e n

t E

S e g m e n t I

S e g m e n

t J

S e g m e n

t K

S e g m e n

t L

S e g m e n

t M

S e g m e n

t F :

D S T r a n s i

t i o n

S e g m e n

t G :

C u l v e r t

S e g m e n

t H :

U S T r a n s i

t i o n

R e s

i d u a

l d e p

t h ( f t )


29/35

A63

Site Eva uati ns

Cool Creek

Table 7Bed material sorting and skewness

Withi a e Withi a eo cha el o cha el

reach XS Locatio u it Type So ti co ditio s? Skew ess co ditio s?

Culvert US Pool 1.34 No 0.16 No

DS Glide 1.70 No 0.15 No

Upstream US Step 1.45 0.23

DS Pool 1.64 0.26

Table 8Large woody debris

reach Pieces/Cha el Width

Culvert 0

Upstream 2.6

Te mi olo y:

US = Upstream

DS = DownstreamRR = Reference reach

XS = Cross section


30/35

A64


Cool Creek

View upstream through culvert. View downstream through culvert.

Culvertdownstream pebble count, glide. Culvertupstream pebble count, pool.

Upstream reference reachupstream pebble Upstream reference reachdownstream pebblecount, rif e. count, pool.


31/35

A65

Site Eva uati ns

Cool Creek

View upstream from culvert. View downstream from culvert (log step in center).


32/35

A66


Cool Creek

Material S ize C las s (mm) C ount Item % C umulative %

sand


33/35

A67

Site Eva uati ns

Cool Creek

Cross section: Upstream Reference ReachDownstream Pebble Count

Sorting Coef cient: 1.64

Skewness Coef cient: 0.26


sand


34/35

A68


Cool Creek

Cross section: CulvertUpstream Pebble Count



Material S ize R ange (mm) C ount Item % C umula tive %

sand 4096 0 0% 100%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

< 2 2 - 4

4 - 5 . 7

5 . 7 - 8

8 - 1 1

. 3

1 1 . 3

- 1 6

1 6 - 2

2 . 6

2 2 . 6

- 3 2

3 2 - 4

5

4 5 - 6

4

6 4 - 9

0

9 0 - 1

2 8

1 2 8 - 1 8 0

1 8 0 - 2 5 6

2 5 6 - 3 6 2

3 6 2 - 5 1 2

5 1 2 - 1 0 2 4

1 0 2 4 - 2

0 4 8

2 0 4 8 - 4

0 9 6

> 4 0 9 6

Size ClassSize percent finer

than (mm)

D5 5D16 19D50 70

D84 176D95 242

D100 490

Material P erc ent C ompos ition

Sand 1%Gravel 46%Cobble 48%Boulder 4%Bedrock 0%

F r e q u e n c y

Particle Size Category (mm)

C u m u l a t

i v e

F r e q u e n c y


35/35

Site Eva uati ns


sand 4 0 9 6

Size ClassSize percent finer

than (mm)

D5 6D16 20D50 60D84 140D95 190

D100 300

Material P ercent C ompos ition

Sand 0%Gravel 55%

Cobble 43%Boulder 2%Bedrock 0%

Cross section: Culvert Downstream Pebble Count



F r e q u e n c y

Particle Size Category (mm)

C u m u

l a t i v e

F r e q u e n c y

Cool Creek Culvert Evaluation.pdf

Documents

Transcript of Cool Creek Culvert Evaluation.pdf