Conversion of waste plastic into fuel
-
Upload
national-institute-of-technology-hamirpur -
Category
Engineering
-
view
10.991 -
download
7
Transcript of Conversion of waste plastic into fuel
![Page 1: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CONVERSION OF WASTE PLASTIC INTO FUEL
SUBMITTED BY
Prateek Jain (11375)
![Page 2: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CONTENTS What is waste to fuel Technologies used Pyrolysis Principal of pyrolysis Process of pyrolysis Parts of pyrolysis machine Advantages
![Page 3: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WASTE TO FUEL Waste-to-energy or energy-from-waste is
the process of generating energy in the form of electricity ,heat or fuel from waste.
WtE is a form of energy recovery.
Most WtE processes produce energy directly through combustion, or produce a combustible fuel commodity, such as methane, methanol, ethanol or synthetic fuels.
![Page 4: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
WTE PLANTS AROUND THE WORLD Lee County Solid Was
te Resource Recovery Facility, Fort Myers, Florida, USA (1994)
Montgomery County Resource Recovery Facility in Dickerson, Maryland, USA (1995)
Algonquin Power, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
Burnaby Waste-to-Energy Facility, Metro Vancouver, Canada (1988)
![Page 5: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
PROBLEM TO CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
![Page 7: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PYROLYSIS OF PLASTICPyrolysis is a process of thermal degradation of plastics in the absence of oxygen.
![Page 8: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PRINCIPAL OF PYROLYSIS All plastics are polymers mostly containing carbon and
hydrogen and few other elements like chlorine, nitrogen, etc. When this long chain of polymers breaks at certain points, or
when lower molecular weight fractions are formed, this is termed as degradation of polymers. This is reverse of polymerization or de-polymerization.
If such breaking of long polymeric chain or scission of bonds occurs randomly, it is called Random depolymerization. Here the polymer degrades to lower molecular fragments.
In the process of conversion of waste plastics into fuels, random depolymerization is carried out in a specially designed reactor in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of coal and certain catalytic additives. The maximum reaction temperature is 350°C.
There is total conversion of waste plastics into value-added fuel products.
![Page 9: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PROCESS The process consists of two steps:
i) Random de-polymerization Under controlled reaction conditions, plastics materials undergo random depolymerization and are converted into three products: a) Solid Fuel i.e., Coke b) Liquid Fuel i.e., Combination of Gasoline, Kerosene, Diesel and Lube Oil c) Gaseous Fuel i.e., LPG range gasii) Fractional Distillation Separation of various liquid fuels by virtue of the
difference in their boiling points. One important factor of the quality of the liquid fuel is
that the sulphur content is less than 0.002ppm which is much lower than the level found in regular fuel.
![Page 10: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Laboratory Setup
![Page 12: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PARTS OF MACHINE Reactor: vessel in which reaction take place.
![Page 13: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
CATALYTIC CRACKER Catalytic cracking is the breaking of large
hydrocarbon molecules into smaller and more useful bits.
The cracker must be designed in such a way that the vapour from the reactor must have maximum surface contact with the catalyst.
The catalyst will act as a molecular sieve which permits the passage of small molecules.
The hydrocarbon molecules are broken up in a fairly random way to produce mixtures of smaller hydrocarbons, some of which have carbon-carbon double bonds.
![Page 14: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CATALYST USED
ZSM-5, Zeolite Socony Mobil–5, is an aluminosilicatezeolite belonging to the pentasil family of zeolites.
Its chemical formula is NanAlnSi96–nO192·16H2O (0<n<27).
ZSM-5 catalyst was first synthesized by Argauer and Landolt in 1972.
Patented by Mobil Oil Company in 1975, it is widely used in the petroleum industry as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydrocarbonisomerization reactions.
![Page 15: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ZSM-5 CATALYST
![Page 16: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CONDENSER
It is the part of machine which condenses the vapours coming out from the catalytic cracker.
The condenser must condense the very hot vapors in an efficient manner to give the condensate
Clogging in the condenser must be prevented.
This can be achieved by increasing the diameter of the pipe.
In this machine, we are using a spiral condenser to increase the efficiency of condensation
![Page 17: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
NITROGEN CYLINDER cylinder is attached to
the reactor. Used to provide inert
atmosphere in the reactor by pumping nitrogen from nitrogen cylinder.
Purpose: plastic feed should not burn instead it should melt at high temperature inside the reactor.
![Page 18: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ADVANTAGES
Problem of disposal of waste plastic is solved. Waste plastic is converted into high value
fuels. Environmental pollution is controlled. Industrial and automobile fuel requirement
shall be fulfilled to some extent at lower price.
No pollutants are created during cracking of plastics.
The crude oil and the gas can be used for generation of electricity
![Page 19: Conversion of waste plastic into fuel](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062302/58f9ade1760da3da068b9cdf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
THANK YOU