Contoh Soal Toefl : Error RecognitionChoose the one word or phrase which is not appropriade for the standard English.1. Opposite with the gambir Station, ayou will find the old "Monas Square" b cand the statue of R.A Kartini. d

2. The Sony camrecorder demo was fun aand impressive, but it is not bas better as Microsoft's. c d

3. Recently, the work had been being done a b cby John M.Rayyan.d

4. The thief who stole my watch was acommpelled to restore it back again b c d

5. I try to figure in the answer of what a b cthe function of the organitation is. d

PEMBAHASAN SOAL Error Recognition

1. Kata Opposite yang berarti berhadapan dengan diikuti oleh to, bukan with. Jadi seharusnya kalimat tersebut berbunyi : Opposite to the Gambir Station, you will find the old "Monas Square" and the statue of R.A kartiniJAWABAN : A

2. as.......as tidak digunakan pada adjective yang menyatakan perbandingan, tetapi dengan adjective bentuk pertama. jadi seharusnya kalimat tersebut menggunakan.......as good as......JAWABAN : C

3. Terdapat keterangan waktu recently (baru-baru ini) sehingga verb kalimat tersebut menggunakan present perfect tense yaitu has been being doneJAWABAN : C

4. Kata restore sudah bermakna gave back, maka tidak perlu lagi kata back setelah kata restore.JAWABAN : B

5. Kata yang berarti menemukan adalah figure out, bukan figure in. Kombinasi proposisi antara figure dan in tidak ditemukan dalam bahasa inggrisJAWABAN : B

Tes TOEFL itu sebenarnya mudah apabila kita tahu trik untuk menghadapinya, gampang untuk dikerjakan apabila tahu cara menjawabnya. Pelajari panduan menguasai soal-soal TOEFL, baca selengkapnya Soal1. The committee has met twice and .... A. they reached a final decision B. a final decision was reached C. its decision was reached D. it has reached a final decision

2. The manager won't be able to attend the shareholders' meeting tomorrow because.... A. he must to give a lecture B. he will be giving a lecture C. of he will give lecture D. he will have giving a lecture

3. Brenda's score on the test is the highest in class. A. She should study hard last night. B. She should have studied hard last night. C. She must have studied hard last night. D. She had to study hard last night

4. To answer accurately is more important than... A. to finish quickly B. a quick finish C. you finish it quickly D. quick finish

5. Having been served lunch,.... A. the problems were discussed by the participants. B. the participants discuss the problems. C. it was discussed by the participants. D. A discussion of the problems were made by the participants.

6. East Kalimantan relies heavily on income from oil and natural gas, and.... A. Aceh province also. B. Aceh province too. C. Aceh province is as well. D. so does Aceh province.

7. The participants have had some problems deciding.... A. when they should announce the result of the meeting. B. when are they sgoing to announce the result of the meeting. C. when should they announce the result of the meeting. D. the time when the result of the meeting to announce.

8. This year will be more difficult for our organization because.... A. we have less money and volunteers than last year. B. there is a little money and volunteers than last year. C. it has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last year. D. it has fewer money and less volunteers than it had last year.

9. Professor Baker told his students that... A. they can turn over their reports on Mondays. B. the reports can turn over on Monday. C. they could hand in their reports on Monday. D. the reports they can hand in on Monday.

10. The adder is a venomous snake ... bite may prove fatal to humans. A. its B. whom its C. that D. whose

11. .... a bee colony gets, the more the queen's egglaying capability diminishers. A. It is more overcrowded. B. The more overcrowded. C. More overcrowded than. D. More than overcrowded.

12. The chairwoman requested that .... A. the participants studied more careful the problem. B. the participants study the problem more carefully. C. the participants studied the problem with more careful. D. the problem be studied more carefully.

13. Unlike the earth, which rotates once every twenty-four hours ... once every ten hours. A. the rotation of Jupiter B. Jupiter rotates C. Jupiter rotation D. Jupiter rotate

14. Jackson,... capital of Mississippi, is the largest city in the state. A. the B. it is the C. is the D. where the

15. The various types of bacteria are classified according to...shapes. A. whose B. how they are C. have D. their

KUNCI JAWABAN1. D 11. B 2. B 12. B 3. C 13. B 4. A 14. A 5. B 15. D 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. C 10.D

Read more: http://www.kursusmudahbahasainggris.com/2013/10/contoh-soal-toefl-structure-lengkap.html#ixzz3dINwPEcA

Contoh Soal Toefl ( Structure) 1. The hard palate.. between the mouth and nasal passage a. Forming a partition b. A partition formsc. Forms a partition d. A form and partition (C) Because it uses the present tense using the verb 1 and to be is

2. .. the outermost layer of skin, is abaout as thick as sheet of paper over most of the skin a. It is epidermisb. The epidermis c. In the epidermis d. The epidermis is (D) Because it uses the present tense using the verb 1 and to be is

3. During the Precambrian period, the earths curst formed, and life. In the seas a. First appearedb. The first appearc. The first appearance d. Appearing first (A) Because using the verb 3

4. Before the statue of liberty in the united states, newspaper invited the public to help determine where.. .placed after its arrivala. Should the statue beb. The statue being c. It should be the statue d. The statue should be(D) Because the use of past continuous tense is future shoud +be 5. Seismic reflection profiling has.. the ocean floor is underlain by a thin layer of nearly transparent sediments.a. Reveal that b. Revealed that c. The revelation of d. Revealed about(B) Because using the present perfect tense is to use has + verb 3

6. ..and terrifying, coral snakes can grow to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length a. They are extremely poisonousb. The posion is extremec. Extremely poisonousd. An extreme amount of poisonous (a) Because it uses the present tense using the verb 1 and to be is

7. As in greek and roman mythology, harpies were frightful monsters that were half woman and half bird a. Described b. To described c. Description d. Describing(B) Due to be added as a complement as to8. D.w grifitth pioneered many of the stylistic features and filmmaking techiniques.. as the hollywood standarda. That estabilishedb. That became estabilished c. What estabilished d. What became estabilished (B) Because it has happened in the past9. By the end of this month, I my assignmenta. Will finishb. Will have finishedc. Finishd. Am finishing

(b) Because the use of present future perfect tense is future S+will/shall+V310. I meet Tyas this morning when I .for the busa. Waitb. Waitedc. Has waitingd. Was waiting(D) Because it uses the past tense using the Was+Verb 211. I know that one of my student in your company since he graduateda. Workb. Workingc. Have workd. Has been working(c) Because it uses the present perfect tense using since12. Hadi looks very tired, he,,,, for hours nowa. Droveb. Has been drivingc. Had drivingd. Had been driving(b) Because it uses the present perfect continuous tense using the Has+been+V erb 1+ing13. I hope that by the time my father retires,I.. a joba. Will have gotb. Getc. Am gettingd. Have got(a) Because it uses the future perfect tense using the Will/shall+have+verb314. Did you meet your sister yesterday?No,shefor Surabayaa. Would leaveb. Has leftc. Had leftd. Is leaving(C) Baecause it uses the past perfect tense using the Had+Verb315. The tidal forces on the earth due toonly 0.46 of those due to the mooa. The Sun isb. The Sun they arec. The Sun it isd. The Sun are(a) Because it uses the present tense using the verb 1 and to be is

Contoh soal tenses dan Pembahasannya " Contoh soal Tenses dan pembahasannya " 1. `Could you please book me on the next flight to Mexico City? 'I'm sorry, sir. Our airline to Mexico City." A. will not fly D. wasn't able to fly B. has not been flying E. doesn't fly C. did not fly Pembahasan: Could you please book me on the next flight to Mexico City?" "1'm sorry sir. Our airline ... to Mexico City". Kalimat jawaban dari pertanyaan soal mengehendaki suatu alasan tidak memenuhi permintaan customer. Semua pilihan menyatakan tidak terbang ke Mexico. Pernyataan yang berhubungan dengan jadwal, rutinitas selalu diungkapkan dalam bentuk simple present tense (S + VI). Dalam hal ini yang dikehendaki adalah bentuk negatif simple present : S + do/does + not + V1. Jawaban1. It since afternoona) Is rainingb) Was rainingc) Has been raining2. I write the letter tomorrow morning.a) Willb) Will bec) Had3. I - before she knocked the door.a) Had finishedb) Would finishc) Have finished4. She smart ways in his work.a) Takeb) Takesc) Was taking5. Its time we a) Leftb) Had gonec) Will leave6. I will say to my father when I time.a) Haveb) Will havec) Had7. Budi told me that he - his homework.a) Finishedb) Had finishedc) Will finish8. I would rather you till Saturday.a) Stayb) Stayedc) Will stay9. I wish I Javaneese.a) Speakb) Spokec) Had spoken10. The sun in the east.a) Riseb) Risesc) RoseAnswers1. Ithas been rainingsince afternoon.2. Iwill writethe letter tommorow morning.3. Ihad finishedbefore she knocked the door.4. Shetakessmart ways in his work.5. Its time weleft.6. I will say to my father when Ihavetime.7. Budi told me that hehad finishedhis homework.8. I would rather youstayedtill saturday.9. I wish IspokeJavaneese.10. The sunrisesin the easDirect and Indirect SpeechDirect Speech | Indirect SpeechTense Change | Time Change | Pronoun ChangeReporting Verbs | Use of 'That'We often have to give information about what people say or think. In order to do this you can use direct or quoted speech, or indirect or reported speech. Direct Speech / Quoted SpeechSaying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech)Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.For example:She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."or"Today's lesson is on presentations", she said. Indirect Speech / Reported SpeechIndirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. For example: Direct speechIndirect speech

"I'm going to the cinema", he said. He said he was going to the cinema.

Tense changeAs a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right): Direct speech Indirect speech

Present simple She said, "It's cold."Past simple She said it was cold.

Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English online." Past continuous She said she was teaching English online.

Present perfect simple She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1999.

Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years.

Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday."Past perfect She said she had taught online yesterday.

Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier." Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier.

Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.

Past perfect continuousShe said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change: Direct speech Indirect speech

will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."would She said she would teach English online tomorrow.

can She said, "I can teach English online." could She said she could teach English online.

must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."had to She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.

shall She said, "What shall we learn today?" should She asked what we should learn today.

may She said, "May I open a new browser?"might She asked if she might open a new browser.

!Note - There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.Direct speechIndirect speech

"I might go to the cinema", he said. He said he might go to the cinema.

You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has always been and will always be Lynne so:-Direct speech Indirect speech

"My name is Lynne", she said. She said her name was Lynne. orShe said her name is Lynne.

You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.Direct speech (exact quote) Indirect speech (not exact)

"Next week's lesson is on reported speech", she said. She said next week's lesson will be on reported speech.

- See more at: http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.html#sthash.TJEEJgHX.dpufDirect speech:Aria said, I will give you a book next week.Aria berkata, Aku akan memberimu sebuah buku bulan depan.Indirect Speech:Aria said that he would give me a book the following week.Aria mengatakan bahwa dia akan memberi ku sebuah buku bulan depan.Direct speech:He said, I work in a bankDia berkata, Saya bekerja di sebuah BankIndirect speech:He said that he worked in a bank.Dia berkata bahwa dia bekerja di sebuah bank.Direct speech:They said, We are going to beach tomorrowDia berkata, Kami akan pergi ke pantai besokIndirect speech:They said that they were going to beach the following day.Dia berkata bahwa mereka akan pergi ke pantai besokDirect speech:She said, I am sad nowDia berkata, Aku sedih saat iniIndirect Speech:She said that she was sad then.Dia berkata bahwa dia sedih saat itu.Direct speech:I said, John has been waiting for you since two hoursAku berkata, John sudah menunggu kamu selam dua jamIndirect Speech:I said that John had been waiting for you for two hours.Aku berkata bahwa John sudah meunggunya selama dua jam.Direct speech:I told Jerry, I can fix this computer soonAku memberitahu Jerry, Aku dapat memperbaiki computer ini segera.Indirect speech:I told to him that I could fix this computer immediately.Aku memberitahu dia bahwa aku bisa memperbaiki komputer ini segera.Direct speech:Marry told us, I have to go nowMarry memberitahu kami , Aku harus pergi saat iniIndirect speech:Marry told to us that she had to go then.Marry memberitahu kami bahwa dia harus pergi saat itu.Jika Verb di reporting sentence present maka verb di reported sentence tidak berubahDirect speech:John tells Anne I will pick you up at seven oclock tonightJohn memberitahu Anne, Aku akan menjemputmu pada jam 7 malam malam ini.Indirect speech:John told to Anne that he will pick her up at seven oclock tonight.John memberitahu Anne bahwa dia akan menjemput dia jam 7 malam itu.Direct speech:Andy says I have had lunch with John recentlyAndy berkata, Aku sudah makan siang dengan John tadiIndirect speech:Andy said to marry that he has had lunch with John recently.Andy berkata kepada Marry bahwa dia telah sarapan tadi.Direct Speech:My mother says, This flower needs to be watering frequentlyIbuku berkata, Bunga ini butuh disiram sering-seringIndirect Speech:My mother said that this flower needs to be watering frequently.Ibuku berkata bahwa bunga ini butuh disiram teratur.Direct speech:My brother tells to me, I am reading a book nowSaudaraku memberitahuku, aku sedang membaca buku sekarangIndirect speech:My brother told to me that he is reading a book then.Saudaraku memberitahuku bahwa dia sedang membaca sebuah buku saat ini.AdvertisementCommand/PerintahDirect speechHe asked me Open the door please!Dia meminta ku, Tolong buka pinu!Indirect speechHe asked me to open the door please.Dia memintaku untuk membeuka pintu.Direct speechMy father told me, Dont come home late!Ayahku memberitahuku, Jangan pulang terlambat!Indirect speechMy father told to me not to come home late.Ayahku memberitahuku untuk tidak pulang terlambat.Direct speechTeacher asked me, Open the page 23 now!Guru meinta ku, Buka halaman 23 sekarang!Indirect speechTeachers asked us to open the page 23 then.Guru memintaku untuk membuka halaman 23 saat itu.Direct speechAndy asked Dont leave me alone!Andy memintaku, Jangan tinggalkan aku sendiri!Indirect speechAndy asked that to not leave him alone.Andy memintaku untuk tidak meninggalkannya sendiri.Direct speechMy uncle told me Come and visit us next week!Pamanku memberitahuku, Datang dan kunjungi kami bulan depan!Indirect speechMy uncle told to me to come and visit them the following week.Pamanku memberitahuku untuk datang dan mengunjungi mereka bulan depan.Jika Verb di reporting sentence present maka verb di reported sentence tidak berubahDirect speechShe tells him, Dont touch me!Dia memberitahunya, jangan menyentuhku!Indirect speechShe told to him not to touch me.Dia memberitahunya untuk tidak menyentuhnya.Direct speechHis father asks, Study hard!Ayahnya mengatakan, Belajar yang giat!Indirect speechHis father asked him to study hard.ayahnya berkata kepadanya untuk belajar giat.Direct speechThe gardener tells me dont step on the grass!Si tukang kebun memberitahuku, Jangan menginjak rumput!Indirect speechThe gardener told to me not to step on the grass.Si tukang kebun memberitahuku untuk tidak menginjak rumput.Direct speechJohn tells Marry, Hurry up!John memberitahu Marry, cepat!Indirect speechJohn told to marry to hurry up.John memberitahu Marry untuk cepat.Question/PertanyaanDirect speechJohn asked Marry, Why do you come late today?John menanyai Marry, Kenapa kamu datang terlambat hari ini?Indirect speechJohn asked Marry why she came late that day.John menanyai marry kenapa dia datang terlamba hari itu.Direct speechI asked my uncle, When will you visit us here?Aku menanyai pamanku, kapan kau akan mengunjungi kami di sini?Indirect speechI asked my uncle when he would visit us here.Aku menanyai pamanku kapan dia akan mengunjungi kami di sini.Direct speechMy mother asked me, Where are you last night?Ibuku menanyaiku, Dimana aku berada kemarin malam?Indirect speechMy mother asked me where was I that night.Ibuku menanyaiku dimana aku berada malam itu.Direct speechAndy asked me, Have you finished the homework?Andy menanyaiku, Sudahkah aku menyelesaikan PR?Indirect speechAndy asked me if I had finished the homework.Andy menanyaiku apakah aku telah menyelesaikan PR.Direct speechMy brother told to me, Are you okay?Saudaraku memberitahuku, Apakah aku baik-baik saja?Indirect speechMy brother told to me whether I was okay or not.Saudaraku menanyaiku apakah Aku baik baik saja?Direct speechAria asked John, Can you be quiet for a while?Aria menanyai John, Dapatkah kamu dia untuk beberapa saat?Indirect speechAria asked John if he could be quiet for a while.Aria menanyai John apakah dia bisa tenang untuk beberapa saat.Direct speechI asked John, Does you want to come with us?Aku menanyai John, Apakah kamu mau ikut kami?Indirect speechI told John whether he wanted to come with us.Aku menanyai John apakah dia mau ikut denagn kami.

Pengertian, Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Passive VoiceSoal Passive VoicePengertian Passive VoicePassive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subjectkalimattidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (diikutidirect object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.Rumus Passive VoiceRumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

Catatan:Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verbbe (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary(is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) atauantara primary danmodal auxiliary verb(will be, will have been); sedangkanpast participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.Contoh: She cant drive a car. (active voice, transitive). He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)Perubahan bentuk dari base form ke past tense dan past participle secara regular atauirregular.Contoh: play (base form) > played (past participle) sing (base form) > sung (past participle)Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:KomponenContoh Kalimat Passive Voice

SubjectbePP

IampaidI am paid in dollars.(Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)

the red velvet recipeisusedThe red velvet recipe is used by many people.(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)

all of my shoesarewashedAll of my shoes are washed every month.(Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)

large amounts of meat and milkareconsumedLarge amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the countries.(Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.)

the bookwaseditedThe book was edited by Beatrice Sparks.(Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

the bookswereeditedThe books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)

Pengecualian pada Transitive VerbsTidak semua transitive verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.Contoh: I have a great new idea. > tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by me. The snack contains aspartame. > tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.Soal Passive VoicePage: 1 2 3Table of Contents:1. Pengertian dan Rumus Passive Voice (Intro)2. Penggunaan dan Contoh Passive Voice3. Passive pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan GerundRelated Posts: Passive Voice pada Intransitive Verb (Prepositional Passive) Get-Passive Passivization (Active -> Passive) Short Passive (Agentless Passive) Passive Voice di Simple Present TensePanduan Belajar Passive Voice23Semoga penjelasan materipassive voiceini bermanfaat dan mohon maaf jika ada kekurangan.References:1. The Passive. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv65.shtml. Accessed on March 6, 2013.2. Passive Voice.http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/passive-voice/. Accessed onMarch 6, 2013.3. Active/Passive Voice.http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm. Accessed on March 6, 2013.4. The Passive Voice.http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/passive.htm. Accessed on March 6, 2013.5. Passive Voice: When to Use It and When to Avoid It.http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/style-and-editing/passive-voice. Accessed on March 6, 2013.

Reported speech terbagi menjadi dua bagian : Indirect speech (kalimat tak langsung)Adalah kalimat yang digunakan ketika kita ingin menceritakan kembali ucapan orang lain,tapi apa yang kita ucapkan tidaklah sama persis dengan orang yang ditirukan,tetapi maksudnya sama.Contoh: She said that she was angry. Direct speech (kalimat langsung)Adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengutip langsung ataupun menirukan ucapan orang lain ,yang isisnya sama persis dengan apa yang orang itu ucapkan. Ciri-cirinya ada tanda kutip di awal dan akhir kalimat.Contoh: She said, I am angry. Cara Penulisan reported SpeechDalam menulis reported speech ada yang disebut Main Clause(induk kalimat) dan Sub- Clause(anak kalimat)Contoh:She said that he was happyMC SC Hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam Menulis Reported Speech:Dalam mengubah direct menjadi indirect speech, ada beberapa langkah mudah yang harus dilakukan:Sp. Pres./Pr perf/S. fut. Perubahan : Pronoun_________ , ______________________________ . MC SC Sp. Past Perubahan : tenses,pronoun,adverb Perubahan-Perubahan tenses ketika MC berupa Sp. PastTenses di Sub clause directTenses di Sub clause indirect

Sp. PresentSp. Past

Pr. ContinuousPs. Continuous

Pr. Perfect/pr perf contPs. Perf/ps. perf continuous

Sp. PastPs .perfect

Ps. ContPs. Perf cont

Ps. Perf/ps. perf cont

Sp. FuturePs. Future

Ps. Future cont.Ps. Future cont.

Perubahan adverb ketika MC berupa Sp. PastAdverb ketika directAdverb ketika indirect

TodayThat day

YesterdayThe day before

The day before yesterdayTwo days before

TomorrowThe next day/the following day

The day after tomorrowIn two days time

Next week/yearThe following week/year

A year agoA year before

NowThen

Ada beberapa bentuk reported speech:1. Statement (kalimat berita) dengan kata hubung that dan bisa dihilangkan.Contoh: She said,The bus will arrive tomorrow morningShe said (that)the train would arrive tomorrow morning 2.Yes/no questions dengan kata hubung if/whether +S + VContoh: They ask me,Will you go to Jakarta?.they ask me whether I will go to JakartaS V3. Question wordsDalam question word hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah dengan ditambah kata hubung seperti Question words +S + VContoh: They asked him, What are you looking for?They asked her what he was looking forS V4. Imperative/request(perintah/permintaan) Imperrative yang verbal (+) with to infinitiveContoh: She said,clean the table !.She said to clean the table Imperrative yang verbal (-) with not to infinitiveContoh: She said,Dont tell someone!She asked not to tell someone Imperrative yang nominal (+) with to beContoh: Mom said to me,Spend money wiselyShe said to me to be wise to spend money Imperrative yang nominal (-) with not to beContoh: The lectures said,Dont be late!.The lectures said not to be late