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TOEFLTEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Petunjuk:Beri tanda merahpada jawaan !an" anda an""ap enar


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Listening Comprehension#$ %A& He 'an ha(e m)re than *)ur "ue+t+ at hi+ "raduati)n$ %B& Hi+ r)ther i+n,t ")in" t) "raduate thi+ +eme+ter$ %-& He didn,t kn)w that .ane wanted t) e in(ited$ %/& He,+ ")in" t) in(ite .ane$0$ %A& Li+ten t) the tra**i' rep)rt )n the radi) %B& Take a 1ater train$ %-& R)n t) 'at'h the ne2t train$ %/& -he'k the weekend +'hedu1e$3$ %A& /e1i(er the n)te))k t) 4ath!$ %B& Find )ut where 4ath! put the n)te))k$ %-& A+k 4ath! t) e2p1ain the 'hemi+tr! n)te+$

%/& A+k 4ath! *)r the man,+ n)te))k$5$ %A& The wa1k i+ +h)rter than the w)man think+ it i+$ %B& The 1e'ture ha+ a1read! +tarted$ %-& The! w)n,t ha(e a pr)1em "ettin" +eat+$ %/& The 1e'ture ma! e 'an'e1ed$6$ %A& The w)man +h)u1d ha(e +tudied Fren'h in Pari+$ %B& He didn,t +tud! Fren'h in hi"h +'h))1$ %-& Li(in" in Pari+ he1ped impr)(e the w)man,+ 1an"ua"e +ki11+$ %/& The w)man mu+t ha(e had a "))d Fren'h tea'her$7$ %A& Ap)1)"i8e t) hi+ r))mmate$ %B& Gi(e the n)te+ t) the w)man$ %-& -a11 the w)man t)ni"ht$ %/& Take the w)man,+ n)te+ t) hi+ r))mmate$9$ %A& She d)e+n,t ha(e time t) ta1k t) /r$ F)+ter$ %B& She need+ the additi)na1 time t) *ini+h her paper$ %-& /r$ F)+ter ha+n,t *ini+hed "radin" the paper+$ %/& She want+ the man t) he1p her with her paper$$ %A& Ph)ne the -1i**+ide Inn *)r a re+er(ati)n$ %B& A+k her parent+ t) ')me a di**erent weekend$ %-& -a11 1)'a1 h)te1+ a"ain in a *ew da!+$ %/& Find a h)te1 a"ain in a *ew da!+$;$ %A&


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#3$ %A&He i+n,t a+ "))d a tenni+ p1a!er a+ he u+ed t) e$ %B& He ha+n,t had time t) p1a! tenni+ re'ent1!$ %-& He 'au"ht a ')1d +h)rt1! a*ter the t)urnament$ %/& He think he,+ m)re imp)rtant than he i+$#5$ %A&He,11 "raduate e*)re the w)man$ %B& He h)pe+ t) "raduate e*)re the +ummer$ %-& He d)e+n,t want t) attend +'h))1 !ear?r)und$ %/& The w)man w)n,t e a1e t) keep up the pa'e$#6$ %A& It,+ t)) 1ate t) u! the m)rnin" new+paper$ %B& He d)e+n,t want t) ") t) the ')n'ert$ %-& The )2 )**i'e i+ '1)+ed t)da!$ %/& A11 )* the ti'ket+ ha(e een +)1d$

#7$ %A& The w)man +wim+ a+ we11 a+ he d)e+$ %B& He d)e+n,t ha(e time t) tea'h the w)man t) +wim$ %-& He d)e+n,t enj)! +wimmin"$ %/& He 1earned t) +wim at a !)un" a"e$#9$ %A& She ha+ a1read! +tarted w)rkin" )n her re+ear'h pr)je't$ %B& She 'an,t de'ide )n a re+ear'h t)pi'$ %-& She,d 1ike t) di+'u++ her re+ear'h with the man$ %/& She ha+ t) 'han"e the +uje't )* her re+ear'h$#$ %A& Intr)du'e the w)man t) hi+ nei"h)r$ %B& Get a ke! *r)m hi+ nei"h)r$ %-& Stud! in hi+ nei"h)r,+ apartment$ %/& B)rr)w +)me ))k+ *r)m hi+ nei"h)r$#;$ %A& The man +h)u1dn,t hire the +ame tut)r that +he had$ %B& She i+n,t prepared *)r the midterm e2am either$ %-& It,+ t)) 1ate t) *ind a tut)r$ %/& The man +h)u1d hire a tut)r e*)re the midterm e2am0=$ %A& Sta! in the h)te1 *)r at 1ea+t tw) ni"ht+$ %B& Lea(e the h)te1 the ne2t m)rnin"$ %-& A+k the h)te1 '1erk *)r her r))m ke!$ %/& -)mp1ain t) the mana"er a)ut the e2tra 'har"e+$0#$ %A& He d)e+n,t re')mmend ")in" t) -entra1


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39$ %A& The!,re memer+ )* the Latin '1u )n 'ampu+$ %B& The! w)rk a+ edit)r+$ %-& The! attended the +ame ')n'ert$ %/& h! 'ertain anima1+ are *eared ! human+$55$ %A& The! *)u"ht with the )ther mi'e$ %B& The! +ta!ed '1)+e t) their m)ther+$ %-& The! ran a'k and *)rth ')n+tant1!$ %/& The! remained '1)+e t) )ne wa11$56$ %A& The e2tent )* dama"e t) the ner()u+ +!+tem$ %B& The pre+en'e )r a+en'e )* 'ertain ner(e?'e11 re'ept)r+$ %-& The +i8e )* ner(e?'e11 re'ept)r+ in the rain$ %/& The 1e(e1 )* dan"er in the mamma1,+ en(ir)nment$57$ %A& T) +h)w the re1ati)n+hip etween *ear*u1ne++ and en(ir)nment$

%B& T) "i(e e2amp1e+ )* anima1+ that aren,t *ear*u1$ %-& T) ')mpare *ear in mamma1+ t) *ear in )ther anima1+$ %/& T) identi*! the ner(e+ that ')ntr)1 *ear in 'ertain anima1+$59$ %A& >h! water *1)w+ *r)m arte+ian +prin"+$ %B& H)w arte+ian we11+ are dri11ed$ %-& >h! arte+ian +prin"+ are imp)rtant t) "e)1)"i' re+ear'h$ %/& H)w a@ui*er+ are *)rmed$5$ %A&The! pump water *r)m the a@ui*er$ %B& The! puri*! the water in the a@ui*er$ %-& The! +t)re e2'e++ water *r)m the a@ui*er$ %/& The! trap water in the a@ui*er$Page 5


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5;$ %A& B! er)din" 1a!er+ )* +ediment a)(e it$ %B& B! tra(e1in" thr)u"h 'ra'k+ in 1a!er+ )* r)'k$ %-& B! re(er+in" it+ *1)w d)wn the a@ui'1ude+$ %/& B! )i1in" up thr)u"h p)re+ in the a@ui*er$6=$ %A& It pu+he+ the water upward$ %B& It keep+ the water '))1$ %-& It h)1d+ the water under"r)und$ %/& It 'reate+ h)1e+ in the a@ui'1ude$

Structure and Written Expression#$ A three?*))t )'t)pu+ 'an 'raw1 thr)u"h a h)1e ?????? in diameter$ %A& than )ne in'h 1e++ %B& 1e++ than )ne in'h

%-& )ne 1e++ in'h than %/& than 1e++ )ne in'h0$ ?????? ad)pted the de'ima1 +!+tem )* ')ina"e in #79$ %A& -anada %B& >hen -anada %-& -anadaC whi'h %/& There wa+ -anada3$ Genera11!C the repre+entati(e+ ?????? a 1e"i+1ature are ')n+tituti)na11! e1e'ted ! a r)ad +pe'trum )* the p)pu1ati)n$ %A& wh) the! ')mp)+e %B& wh) ')mp)+e %-& had ')mp)+e %/& ')mp)+e5$ The A't)r,+ Studi)C a pr)*e++i)na1 a't)r+, w)rk+h)p in New D)rk -it!C pr)(ide+ ??????where a't)r+ 'an w)rk t)"ether with)ut the pre++ure )* ')mmer'ia1 pr)du'ti)n$ %A& a p1a'e and %B& a p1a'e %-& +) that a p1a'e %/& a p1a'e i+6$ ?????? that 1i*e e"an i11i)n+ )* !ear+ a") in the water$ %A& It i+ e1ie(ed%B& In the e1ie*%-& The e1ie*%/& Be1ie(in"7$ B! #90 the United State+ had 9= en"ineerin"

')11e"e+C ?????? a+t)ni+hin" e2pan+i)n 'redited1ar"e1! t) the


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%A& wh)+e pre+en'e%B& whi'h i+ pre+ent%-& pre+entin"%/& in the pre+en'e )* whi'h;$ One the)r! )* the )ri"in )* the uni(er+e i+???????*r)m the e2p1)+i)n )* a tin!C e2treme1! den+e *irea11+e(era1 i11i)n !ear+ a")$ %A& e'au+e what *)rmed%B& the *)rmati)n that%-& that it *)rmed%/& when *)rmin"#=$ R)ad+ in the United State+ remained 'rudeC??????? with "ra(ed )r w))d p1ank+C unti1 the e"innin" )*the twentieth 'entur!$

%A& were un+ure*a'ed )r the! ')(ered them %B& whi'h un+ure*a'e )r ')(ered %-& un+ur*a'ed )r ')(ered them %/& un+ur*a'ed )r ')(ered##$ P)rtrait print+ were the *ir+t repr)du'ti)n+ )* Ameri'an paintin"+ ??????? wide1! di+triuted in theUnited State+$ %A& were %B& that whi'h %-& that ein" %/& t) e#0$ Ai"ai1 Adam+ wa+ pr)di"i)u+ 1etter writerC ??????? man! editi)n+ )* her 1etter+ ha(e eenpu1i+hed$ %A& wh) %B& and %-& in additi)n t) %/& due t)#3$ In "e)metr!C an e11ip+e ma! e de*ined a+ the 1)'u+ )* a11 p)int+ ???????di+tan'e+ *r)m tw) *i2edp)int+ i+ ')n+tant$ %A& whi'h a+ the +um )* %B& )* the +um whi'h %-& wh)+e +um )* wh)+e %/& wh)+e +um that the#5$ ???????at the +ite )* a *)rt e+ta1i+hed ! the N)rthwe+t


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#$ The +!+tem )* 'hemi'a1 +!m)1+C *ir+t de(i+ed a)ut #== "i(e+ a ')n'i+e and in+tant1! ABre')"ni8a1e de+'ripti)n )* a e1ement )r ')mp)und$ -/#;$ The *a't that white 1i"ht i+ 1i"ht ')mp)+ed )* (ari)u+ wa(e1en"th+ ma! e dem)n+tratin" ! AB- di+per+in" a eam )* +u'h 1i"ht thr)u"h a pri+m$ /0=$ O(er the ')ur+e )* hi+t)r!C mu'h 'i(i1i8ati)n+ de(e1)ped their )wn numer +!+tem+$ AB-/0#$ In the United State+ durin" the Se')nd >)r1d >arC ea'h trade uni)n+ and emp1)!er+ a()ided *edera1 AB

1imit+ )n wa"e+ ! )**erin" emp1)!ee+ n)nta2a1e medi'a1 ene*it+$ -/00$ Phi1)+)ph! i+ the +tud! )* the nature )* rea1it!C kn)w1ed"eC e2i+tentC and ethi'+ ! mean+ )* rati)na1 AB-/ in@uir!$03$ P)em+ (ar! in 1en"th *r)m rie* 1!ri' p)em+ t) narrati(e )r epi' p)em+C whi'h 'an e a+ r)ad in A B- +')pe than a n)(e1$ /05$ The p)pu1ati)n )* -a1i*)rnia m)re than d)u1ed durin" the peri)d #;5=?#;7=C 'reatin" pr)1em+ in ABr)ad?ui1din" and pr)(ide water *)r it+ arid +)uthern +e'ti)n$ -/06$ A1th)u"h a+ed it )n *euda1 m)de1+C the ')1)n! )* Penn+!1(ania de(e1)ped a reputati)n *)r a AB-pr)"re++i(e p)1iti'a1 and +)'ia1 )ut1))k$ /07$ Hard and re+i+tant t) ')rr)+i)nC r)n8e i+ traditi)na11! u+ed in e11 'a+tin" and i+ the materia1 u+ed AB wide1! m)+t *)r meta1 +'u1pture$ -/09$ The Appa1a'hian


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t) +ha11)w durin" +prin" and ear1! +ummer t) +pawn$ -/37$ ampumC ead+ u+ed a+ a *)rm )* e2'han"e ! +)me Nati(e Ameri'an+C wa+ made )* it+ )* AB- +ea+he11+ 'utC dri11C and +trun" int) e1t+$ -3$ 4an"ar))+ u+e their 1)n" and p)wer*u1 tai1+ *)r a1an'e them+e1(e+ when +ittin" upri"ht )r AB-/

jumpin"$3;$ Pr)per 'it! p1annin" pr)(ide+ *)r the di+triuti)n )* pu1i' uti1itie+C pu1i' ui1din"+C park+C and AB re'reati)n 'enter+C and *)r ade@uate and the ine2pen+i(e h)u+in"$ -/5=$


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#$ >hat d)e+ the pa++a"e main1! di+'u++%A& /i**eren'e+ am)n" marine park+C +an'tuarie+C and re+er(e+%B& ari)u+ marine ')n+er(ati)n pr)"ram+%-& Internati)na1 a"reement+ )n ')a+ta1 pr)te'ti)n%/& Simi1aritie+ etween 1and and +ea pr)te'ted en(ir)nment+0$ The w)rd intent in 1ine 3 i+ '1)+e+t in meanin" t) $%A& repetiti)n%B& appr)(a1%-& ")a1%/& re(i+i)n3$ The w)rd admini+tered in 1ine i+ '1)+e+t in meanin" t) $%A& mana"ed

%B& re')"ni8ed%-& )pp)+ed%/& ju+ti*ied5$ The w)rd the+e in 1ine ## re*er+ t) $%A& +ite+%B& 'andidate+%-& de'ade+%/& +an'tuarie+6$ The pa++a"e menti)n+ the


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ue+ti)n+ #=?#9 Fr)m their in'epti)nC m)+t rura1 nei"h)rh))d+ in ')1)nia1 N)rth Ameri'a in'1uded at 1ea+t )ne 'arpenterC j)inerC +aw!erC and '))per in w))dw)rkin"J a wea(er and a tai1)r *)r '1)thin" pr)du'ti)nJ a tannerC 'urrierC and ')rdwainer %+h)emaker& *)r *ari'atin" 1eather )je't+J and a 1a'k+mith *)r meta1w)rkC >here +t)ne wa+ the 1)'a1 ui1din" materia1C a5 ma+)n wa+ +ure t) appear )n the 1i+t )* pe)p1e wh) paid ta2e+$ >ith )n1! an apprenti'e a+ an a++i+tantC the rura1 arti+an pr)(ided the nei"h)rh))d with ')mm)n "))d+ *r)m *urniture t) +h)e+ t) *arm e@uipment in e2'han"e *)r 'a+h )r *)r "))d+ in kind *r)m the 'u+t)mer,+ *ie1dC pa+tureC )r dair!$ S)metime+ arti+an+ tran+*)rmed materia1 pr)(ided ! the 'u+t)mer w)(e '1)th )* !am +pun at the *arm *r)m the w))1 )* the *ami1! +heepJ made 'hair+ )r ta1e+1! *r)m w))d 'ut in the 'u+t)mer,+ )wn w))d1)tJ pr)du'ed +h)e+ )r 1eather ree'he+ *r)m ')wC deerC )r +heep+kin tanned )n the *arm$

Like their *armin" nei"h)r+C rura1 arti+an+ were part )* an e')n)m! +eenC ! )ne hi+t)rianC a+ an )r'he+tra ')ndu'ted ! nature$ S)me ta+k+ ')u1d n)t e d)ne in the winterC )ther had t) e put )** durin" har(e+t timeC and +ti11 )ther+ waited )n raw materia1+ that were15 )n1! pr)du'ed +ea+)na11!$ A+ the da!+ "rew +h)rterC +h)p h)ur+ kept pa'eC +in'e *ew arti+an+ ')u1d a**)rd en)u"h arti*i'ia1 1i"ht t) ')ntinue w)rk when the Sun went d)wn$ T) the e+t )* their ai1it!C ')1)nia1 arti+an+ tried t) keep their +h)p+ a+ e**i'ient a+ p)++i1e and t) re"u1ari8e their +'hedu1e+ and meth)d+ )* pr)du'ti)n *)r the e+t return )n their in(e+tment in timeC t))1+C and materia1+C >hi1e it i+ p1ea+ant t) ima"ine a w))dw)rkerC *)r e2amp1eC2! 'are*u11! mat'hin" 1umerC j)inin" a 'he+t t)"ether with)ut re+)rt t) nai1+ )r "1ueC and app1!in" a11 th)u"ht and ener"! t) 'ar(in" eauti*u1 de+i"n+ )n the *ini+hed pie'eC the time re@uired wa+ n)t ju+ti*ied un1e++ the 'u+t)mer wa+ wi11in" t) pa! e2tra *)r the @ua1it!K and *ew in rura1 area+ wereC Arti+an+C there*)reC )*ten *)und it ne'e++ar! t) emp1)! a+ man! +h)rt'ut+ and e')n)mi'+ a+ p)++i1e whi1e +ti11 pr)du'in" +ati+*a't)r! pr)du't+$#=$ >hat a+pe't )* rura1 ')1)nia1 N)rth Ameri'a d)e+ the pa++a"e main1! di+'u++%A& Farmin" pra'ti'e+%B& The w)rk )* arti+an+%-& The 'hara'ter )* rura1 nei"h)rh))d+%/& T!pe+ )* *urniture that were p)pu1ar##$ The w)rd in'epti)n in 1ine # i+ '1)+e+t in meanin" t) $%A& in(e+ti"ati)n%B& 1)'ati)n%-& e"innin"%/& re')rd+#0$ The w)rd *ari'atin" in 1ine 3 i+ '1)+e+t in meanin" t) $%A& ')n+tru'tin"

%B& a1terin"%-& +e1e'tin"%/& dem)n+tratin"#3$ It 'an e in*erred *r)m the *r)m the pa++a"e that the u+e )* arti*i'ia1 1i"ht in ')1)nia1 time+ wa+ $%A& e+pe'ia11! he1p*u1 t) w))dw)rker+%B& p)pu1ar in rura1 area+%-& ')ntinu)u+ in winter%/& e2pen+i(e#5$ >h! did ')1)nia1 arti+an+ want t) re"u1ari8e their +'hedu1e+ their +'hedu1e+ %1ine #&%A& T) ena1e them t) pr)du'e hi"h @ua1it! pr)du't+%B& T) ena1e them t) dup1i'ate an item man! time+%-& T) impre++ their 'u+t)mer+%/& T) keep e2pen+e+ 1)w

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#6$ The phra+e re+)rt t) in 1ine 0= i+ '1)+e+t in meanin" t) $%A& pr)te'tin" with%B& m)(in" t)ward%-& manu*a'turin"%/& u+in"#7$ The w)rd *ew, in 1ine+ 03 re*er+ t) $%A& w))dw)rker+%B& *ini+hed pie'e+%-& 'u+t)mer+%/& 'he+t+#9$ It 'an in*erred that the arti+an+ re*erred t) in the pa++a"e u+ua11! pr)du'ed pr)du't+ that were $%A& +imp1e

%B& de1i'ate%-& eauti*u11! de')rated%/& e2'epti)na11! 1)n"?1a+tin"ue+ti)n+ #?0 -itie+ de(e1)p a+ a re+u1t )* *un'ti)n+ that the! 'an per*)rm$ S)me *un'ti)n+ re+u1t dire't1! *r)m the in"enuit! )* the 'iti8enr!C ut m)+t *un'ti)n+ re+u1t *r)m the need+ )* the 1)'a1 area and )* the +urr)undin" hinter1and %the re"i)n that +upp1ie+ "))d+ t) the 'it! and t) whi'h the 'it! *urni+he+ +er(i'e+ and )ther "))d+&$ Ge)"rapher+ )*ten make5 a di+tin'ti)n etween the +ituati)n and the +ite )* a 'it!$ Situati)n re*er+ t) the "enera1 p)+iti)n in re1ati)n t) the +urr)undin" re"i)nC wherea+ +ite in()1(e+ ph!+i'a1 'hara'teri+ti'+ )* the +pe'i*i' 1)'ati)n$ Situati)n i+ n)rma11! mu'h m)re imp)rtant t) the ')ntinuin" pr)+perit! )* a 'it!$ i* a 'it! i+ we11 +ituated in re"ard t) it+ hinter1andC it+ de(e1)pment i+ mu'h m)re 1ike1! t) ')ntinue$ -hi'a")C *)r e2amp1eC p)++e++e+ an a1m)+t1! unpara11e1ed +ituati)n: it i+ 1)'ated at the +)uthern end )* a hu"e 1ake that *)r'e+ ea+t?we+t tran+p)rtati)n 1ine+ t) e ')mpre++ed int) it+ (i'init!C and at a meetin" )* +i"ni*i'ant 1and and water tran+p)rt r)ute+$ It a1+) )(er1))k+ what i+ )ne )* the w)r1d,+ *ine+t 1ar"e *armin" re"i)n+$ The+e *a't)r+ en+ured that -hi'a") w)u1d e')me a "reat 'it! re"ard1e++ )* the di+ad(anta"e)u+ 'hara'teri+ti'+ )* the a(ai1a1e +iteC +u'h a+ ein" pr)ne t) *1))din"15 durin" thunder+t)rm a'ti(it!$ Simi1ar1!C it 'an e ar"ued that mu'h )* New D)rk -it!,+ imp)rtan'e +tem+ *r)m it+ ear1! and ')ntinuin" ad(anta"e )* +ituati)n$ Phi1adephia and B)+t)n )th )ri"inated at a)ut the +ame time a+ New D)rk and +hared New D)rk,+ 1)'ati)n at the we+tern end )* )ne )* the w)r1d,+ m)+t imp)rtant )'eani' trade r)ute+C ut )n1! New D)rk p)++e++e+ an2! ea+!?a''e++ *un'ti)na1 ')nne'ti)n %the Hud+)n?


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0=$ The pa++a"e +u""e+t+ that a "e)"rapher w)u1d ')n+ider a 'it!,+ +)i1 t!pe part )* it+ $%A& hinter1and%B& +ituati)n%-& +ite%/& *un'ti)n0#$ A'')rdin" t) the pa++a"eC a 'it!,+ +ituati)n i+ m)re imp)rtant than it+ +ite in re"ard t) the 'it!,+ $%A& 1)n"?term "r)wth and pr)+perit!%B& ai1it! t) pr)te't it+ 'iti8enr!%-& p)++e++i)n )* *a()ra1e weather ')nditi)n+%/& need t) imp)rt *))d +upp1ie+00$ The auth)r menti)n+ ea'h )* the *)11)win" a+ an ad(anta"e )* -hi'a"),+ 1)'ati)n E-EPT it+ $%A& hinter1and

%B& nearne++ t) a 1ar"e 1ake%-& p)+iti)n in re"ard t) tran+p)rt r)ute+%/& *1at terrain03$ The w)rd 'hara'teri+ti'+ in 1ine #5 i+ '1)+e+t in meanin" t) $%A& 'h)i'e+%B& attitude+%-& @ua1itie+%/& inhaitant+05$ The primar! purp)+e )* para"raph # i+ t) $%A& +ummari8e pa+t re+ear'h and intr)du'e anew +tud!%B& de+'rie a hi+t)ri'a1 peri)d%-& empha+i8e the ad(anta"e+ )* )ne the)r! )(er an)ther%/& de*ine a term and i11u+trate it with an e2amp1e06$ A'')rdin" t) the pa++a"eC Phi1ade1phia and B)+t)n are +imi1ar t) New D)rk -it! in $%A& +i8e )* p)pu1ati)n%B& a"e%-& +ite%/& a(ai1ai1it! )* rai1 tran+p)rtati)n07$ The w)rd *un'ti)na1 in 1ine 0= i+ '1)+e+t in meanin" t) $%A& a1ternate%B& unkn)wn%-& )ri"ina1%/& u+a1e09$ The w)rd it in 1ine 0# re*er+ t) $%A& a'')unt

%B& prima'!%-& ')nne'ti)n%/& hinter1and0$ The w)rd +i"ni*i'ant in 1ine 07 i+ '1)+e+t in meanin" t) $%A& threatenin"%B& meanin"*u1%-& )(i)u+%/& a(ai1a1ePage 13


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ue+ti)n+ 0;?5= The 1ar"e+t )* the "iant "a+ p1anet+C .upiterC with a ()1ume #C3== time+ "reater than Earth,+C ')ntain+ m)re than twi'e the ma++ )* a11 the )ther p1anet+ ')mined$ It i+ th)u"ht t) e a "a+e)u+ and *1uid p1anet with)ut +)1id +ur*a'e+C Had it een +)mewhat m)re ma++i(eC .upiter mi"ht ha(e attained interna1 temperature+ a+ hi"h a+ the i"niti)n p)int *)r nu'1ear5 rea'ti)n+C and it w)u1d ha(e *1amed a+ a +tar in it+ )wn ri"ht$ .upiter and the )ther "iant p1anet+ are )* a 1)w?den+it! t!pe @uite di+tin't *r)m the terre+tria1 p1anet+: the! are ')mp)+ed pred)minant1! )* +u'h +u+tan'e+ a+ h!dr)"enC he1iumC amm)niaC and methaneC un1ike terre+tria1 p1anet+$


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36$ It 'an e in*erred *r)m the pa++a"e that the appearan'e )* a1ternatin" and+ 'ir'1in" .upiter i+ 'au+ed! $%A& the Great Red Sp)t%B& heat *r)m the Sun%-& the p1anet,+ *a+t r)tati)n%/& St)rm+ *r)m the p1anet,+ S)uthern Hemi+phere37$ The auth)r u+e+ the w)rd pu881in" in 1ine #6 t) +u""e+t that the Great Red Sp)t i+ $%A& the )n1! +p)t )* it+ kind%B& n)t we11 under+t))d%-& am)n" the 1ar"e+t )* +u'h +p)t+%/& a pr)1em *)r the p1anet,+ ')ntinued e2i+ten'e39$ Para"raph 3 +upp)rt+ whi'h )* the *)11)win" ')n'1u+i)n+

%A& .upiter "i(e+ )** twi'e a+ mu'h heat a+ the Sun$%B& .upiter ha+ a weaker "ra(itati)na1 *)r'e than the )ther p1anet+$%-& S'ienti+t+ e1ie(e that .upiter wa+ )n'e a +tar$%/& S'ienti+t+ mi"ht 1earn a)ut the e"innin" )* the S)1ar S!+tem ! Stud!in" .upiter$3$ >h! d)e+ the auth)r menti)n prime(a1 heat %1ine+ #;?0=& %A& T) pr)(ide e(iden'e that .upiter i+ )1der than the Sun%B& T) pr)(ide e(iden'e that .upiter i+ )1der than the )ther p1anet+%-& T) +u""e+t a p)++i1e e2p1anati)n *)r the numer )* +ate11ite+ that .upiter ha+%/& T) +u""e+t a p)++i1e +)ur'e )* the @uantit! )* heat that .upiter "i(e+ )**3;$ A'')rdin" t) the pa++a"eC .upiter,+ m)+t di+tant m))n i+ $%A& the 1ea+t den+e%B& the 1ar"e+t%-& warm )n the +ur*a'e%/& (er! r)'k! )n the +ur*a'e5=$ >hi'h )* the *)11)win" +tatement+ i+ +upp)rted ! the pa++a"e%A& I* .upiter had *ewer +ate11ite+C it w)u1d e ea+ier *)r +'ienti+t+ t) +tud! the p1anet it+e1*$%B& I* .upiter had had m)re ma++C it w)u1d ha(e de(e1)ped interna1 nu'1ear rea'ti)n+$%-& I* .upiter had een +ma11erC it w)u1d ha(e e')me a terre+tria1 p1anet$%/& i* .upiter were 1ar"erC it w)u1d "i(e )** mu'h 1e++ heat ue+ti)n+ 5#?6= The tern art de') ha+ ')me t) en')mpa++ three di+tin't ut re1ated de+i"n trend+ )* the #;0=,+ and #;3=,+$ The *ir+t wa+ what i+ *re@uent1! re*erred t) a+ 8i"8a" m)derne the e2)ti'a11! )rnamenta1 +t!1e )* +u'h +k!+'raper+ a+ the -hr!+1er Bui1din" in New D)rk -it! and re1ated +tru'ture+ +u'h a+ the Param)unt Theater in Oak1andC5 -a1i*)rnia The w)rd 8i"8a" a11ude+ t) the "e)metri' and +t!1i8ed )rnamentati)n )*

8i"8a"+C an"u1ar pattern+C a+tra'ted p1ant and anima1 m)ti*+C +unur+t+C a+tr)1)"i'a1 ima"er!C *)rma1i8ed *)untain+C and re1ated theme+ that were app1ied in m)+ai' re1ie*$ and mura1 *)rm t) the e2teri)r and interi)r )* the ui1din"+$


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it wa+ +tr)n"1! in*1uen'ed ! the de')rati(e art+ m)(ement+ that immediate1! pre'eded it$ F)r e2amp1eC 1ike art n)u(eau %#;=?#;#=&C art de') a1+) u+ed p1ant m)ti*+C ut re"u1ari8ed the *)rm+ int) a+tra'ted repetiti(e pattern+ rather than pre+entin" them a+25 *1)win"C a+!mmetri'a1 *)1ia"eC Like the ienne+e 'ra*t+pe)p1e )* the >iener >erk+tatteC art de') de+i"ner+ w)rked with e2)ti' materia1+C "e)metri'i8ed +hape+C and ')1)r*u11! )rnate pattern+$ Furtherm)reC 1ike the arti+an+ )* the Art+ and -ra*t+


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5;$ A'')rdin" t) the pa++a"eC whi'h )* the *)11)win" de+i"n trend+ i+ kn)wn ! m)re than )ne name %A& Mi"8a" m)derne%B& Stream1ined m)derne%-& Internati)na1 +tripped '1a++i'i+m%/& Art+ and -ra*t+

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