Confronting Climate Change - Towards Carbon Neutral Indian CitesCarbon Neutral Indian Cites

“Climate Change Concerns and infrastructure projects in Delhi”Delhi  

Dr. B.C. SabataGovt. of NCT Delhi

M j I di CitiMajor Indian Cities

City Geographical Area (Sq. Km)

Population As per 2001 census

Delhi 1484 13.8 million (16.3 million in 2009)

Mumbai 1273 17.7 million

K lk t & 1652 6 6 illiKolkata & Howrah

1652 6.6 million

Chennai 1174 4.4 millionChennai 1174 4.4 million

Delhi- At a GlanceGeographical Area 1483 sq km

Current Population 16.3 million

E t d l ti 22 illi ( )Expected population by year 2021

22 million (approx.)

Population density More than 10 000 people per Sq KmPopulation density More than 10,000 people per Sq. Km

Migrant Population About 0.5 million every yearIndustries Thermal Power Plants and Small

Scale Industries

CONTRIBUTION OF CITIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

HIGH

• Cities cover less than 1% of the earth's

HIGH ENERGY USE &

WASTEFUL surface but are disproportionately responsiblefor causing climate change.

C l d 50 % f h ld’

WASTEFUL ECONOMIC

MODEL

•Currently, around 50 % of the world’spopulation live in cities (set to reach 60 per centby 2030).

HIGH ENERGY

EFFICIENT

•Yet cities and urban areas consume some75 % of the world's energy and are responsiblef f h

EFFICIENT &

MINIMUM WASTEFUL

for up to 75 % of greenhouse gas emissions. ECONOMIC MODEL

CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION PROJECTIONS

Country 2002MtCO2

2025MtCO

Avg. Annual Growth

Total GrowthMtCO2 MtCO

2Growth Growth

World 24410 38791 2.00% 58.9%Annex-I 14169 18258 1.10% 28.9%Non Annex-I 10241 20533 3.10% 100.5%USA 5752 7980 1.4% 38.7%Western E

3550 3953 0.5% 11.4%EuropeChina 3323 8134 4.00% 144.8%India 1026 1993 2 90% 94 3%India 1026 1993 2.90% 94.3%Brazil 341 678 3.0% 98.9%Source : Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT) Version 4.0

Washington DC, World Resource Institute, 2007

INDIAN SCENARIO

On a per capita basis,India’s emissions are70% below the world

Country Per Capita Carbon-dioxide emission (metric tons)

70% below the worldaverage. USA 20.01

EU 9.40

Japan 9.87China 3.60

13.75

Russia 11.71

India 1.02

W ld 4 25

1.02

4.253.5

World Average

4.25

Carbon dioxide Emissions in India (2004)Source : PEW Centre on Global Climate Change  with TERI

INDIAN SCENARIO

• Five independent India specific studies on GHG emissions• Five independent India‐specific studies on GHG emissionsprofile :

1) TERI‐Poznan       2) NCAER‐CGE T     3) McKinsey

) )4) IRADe‐AA    5) TERI‐MoEF• As per the estimates of the five different studies, India’s per

capita GHG emissions in 2030‐31 would be between 2.77tonnes and 5 00 tonnes of CO2e (Carbon Dioxide equivalent)tonnes and 5.00 tonnes of CO2e (Carbon Dioxide equivalent) .

• India’s GHG emissions in 2031 vary from 4.0 billion tones to7.3 billion tones of CO2e

• Four of the five studies estimated that even in 2031 India’s• Four of the five studies estimated that even in 2031, India sper capita GHG emissions would stay under 4 tonnes of CO2ewhich is lower than the global per capita emissions of 4.22tonnes of CO2e in 2005.

• The key drivers of the range of these estimates are theassumptions on GDP growth rates, penetration of cleanenergy, energy efficiency improvements etc.

India’s Share in Global CO2 Emission 

National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)8 C Mi i8 Core Missions

•National Solar Mission

To promote the development and use of solar energy for powerTo promote the development and use of solar energy for powergeneration and other uses

•National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

Mandating specific energy consumption and energy incentives

•National Mission on Sustainable Habitat

To promote energy efficiency as a core component of urban planning

•National Water Mission

The plan sets a goal of a 20% improvement in water use efficiencythrough pricing and other measures

•National Mission for Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem

The plan aims to conserve biodiversity, forest cover, and otherp yecological values in the Himalayan region.

•National Mission for Green India

To carry out afforestation of 6 million hectares of degraded forestlands and expanding forest cover from 23% to 33% of India’sterritory

•National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

To support climate adaptation in agriculture through thedevelopment of climate resilient crops expansion of weatherdevelopment of climate‐resilient crops, expansion of weatherinsurance mechanisms, and agricultural practices

•National Mission for Strategic Mission for Climate Change

To gain a better understanding of climate science, impacts andchallenges

Climate Change AgendaClimate Change Agenda for Delhi 2009-12

The Climate Change Agenda for Delhi 2009-12 bythe Government of NCT of Delhi put forth several

ti it th t th G t i t d taction items that the Government intends toundertake in the coming years.65 Agenda Points for action on various sectors65 Agenda Points for action on various sectorsidentified

BuildingsWater Forestry

Sectors Identified under Climate Change 

Agenda Lighting

Waste

g

Transportation Renewables Energy

TRANSPORTOn its way to become Largest

Public Transport on CNG in the(World (10,000 Buses running on

CNG by 2010)

Low Floor Urban Buses,High Capacity Bus System,Stringent emission norms,Clean fuel (EURO IVEQUIVALENT DIESEL BY2010)500 Networked PUC Centre.

Delhi Metro earned Carbon Creditsfor regenerative braking project

Air Ambience Fund Collection on sale of diesel in thecity at rate of 0.25 Rs/litre and utilisation for

29 5% b id i h f

city at rate of 0.25 Rs/litre and utilisation for

29.5% subsidy in purchase ofBattery Operated Vehicle

ENERGY CONSERVATIONMandatory Energy Conservation Building Codeadoption in Government buildings and in allnew construction projects applied forEnvironmental Clearance

Delhi Cabinet has decided to upgradeenergy efficiency of existingGovernment Buildings throughretrofitting to be carried out byretrofitting to be carried out byenergy service companies in aperformance contracting mode.The objective is to ensure thatThe objective is to ensure thatGovernment Buildings can achieve atleast rating of one star from BEEunder their office building labelingprogrammeprogramme.

Subsidy in installation of Solar WaterHeating Systems :

(R 6000 (120 US $) 100 LPD f D ti(Rs 6000 (120 US $) per 100 LPD for Domestic&

Rs 60000 (1500 US $ ) per 1000 LPD for non‐i l i tit ti )commercial institution)

Solar Power Generation

• Promoting CFL & LED Use

• Green Building Technology

• Observing Earth Hour – Saved about 700 MW with power

saving for 1hr only

WATER CONSERVATION• Onsite Sewage Treatment Plant /Effluent 

Treatment Plant mandatory in up‐coming t ti j tconstruction projects.

• Recycle and reuse of treated waste water for flushing horticulture cooling etcflushing, horticulture, cooling etc.

• Installation of low flow water appliances. 

Energy Efficient Water & Wastewatertreatment operations and MethaneRecovery and reuse is underconsideration for a CDM project.

Rain Water HarvestingMandatory in building plots >200 sq mt

d d l bjGroundwater drawal subject toDJB permission and rain waterharvesting/waste watergrecycling.

CLEAN POWER GENERATION

Delhi Government plans toswitch over to GAS BASEDPOWER GENERATION

Ad ti f b fi i t d l h i h t t l th

POWER GENERATION

• Adoption of beneficiated coal having ash content less than 34% in existing coal based plant.

• Stringent emission norms (Particulate Matter – 50 mg/NM3)• Stringent emission norms (Particulate Matter – 50 mg/NM )

• Online NOx  Monitoring in Gas based power plant

Solar MissionSolar Mission

Solar Water Heatingg

• Notification for mandatory use in Hotels & Hospitals issuedvide no. F.DTL/2010/F‐13/2008/EO/EE&REM/77D t d 21 4 2008Dated:21.4.2008.

• Solar water Heating Systems in Govt. Buildings (4)

• Already installed in four major hospitals i e Kasturba SDNAlready installed in four major hospitals i.e. Kasturba, SDN,Girdhari Lal Hospital & Hindu Rao Hospital

• (Expected energy savings 149400 units per month OrRs.6,87,240 per month)

• Up coming schemes – Hospitals at Timarpur, Kalkaji, TilakNagar & Lajpat Nagar – 2010 ‐2011Nagar & Lajpat Nagar – 2010 ‐2011

Solar MissionRenewable Energy 

Solar photo voltaic street lighting

• Non‐conventional energy source beingused in the form of Solar Photo Voltaicused in the form of Solar Photo VoltaicStreet Lighting Units.

• Luminaries with built‐in inverter andLuminaries with built in inverter andCharge controller.

• This will be used to power 18 Watt CFLThis will be used to power 18 Watt CFLlights at Civic Center, Zonal Offices, majorHospitals, Staff Quarter Colonies etc.p , Q

Enhanced Energy EfficiencyEnhanced Energy Efficiency

• T5& CFL retrofitting in MCD Building in progress• T5& CFL retrofitting in MCD Building in progress

(Expected energy savings 3,74,577 units per month orRs.18,35,423 per month) – covering 40 existing buildings suchp ) g g gas office buildings, schools, Hospitals & community centers.

• EOI is invited for 62 more buildings through ESCO’s

• Energy Audit completed for all the 84 pumping Station

• Integrated Automatic switching through GSM – 257 Km ‐street lightingstreet lighting

• New Street lighting with energy efficient fixture in progress(energy savings in terms of Rs.99,688 per month)

S t i bl H bit tSustainable Habitat

• Building constructions to introduce green buildingtechnology:– Orientation of the buildingsg– Façade shading– Optimum usage of day lightingI t d ti f l i t i ifi ti– Introduction of less energy intensive specificationssuch as fly ash bricks & local materials etc.

– Proposed complete 40 civic buildings by 2012 energyff fefficient & green building concepts ‐ Conformity withECBC‐2007 norms & provisions.

Provisions incorporated in newlySustainable Habitat 

Provisions incorporated in newly coming up Civic Center

– High luminaries efficacy lights‐T5 & CFLs– Dimmer Controls with day light & occupancy sensors

Centrifugal chillers with Variable frequency drive (VFDs)– Centrifugal chillers with Variable frequency drive (VFDs)– Air handling units (AHUs) with VFD provision– Indoor air quality control mechanism through energy

h lrecovery wheels– Solar Photo voltaic lighting‐200 KW under execution– Variable voltage & frequency device lifts– Dedicated STP’s & WTP’s– Zero solid waste management concept– Rainwater harvesting wellsRainwater harvesting wells– Substation to convert 33kva to 415 volt t with PLC control

Sustainable Habitat

Pipe coating to save energy

Sustainable Habitat  

Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Mounted Chiller Unit

• A central air‐conditioningsystem using water cooledsystem using water cooledfactory mounted VFDstarter centrifugal chillershas been designed

• Effecting nearly 22%Energy savings in energyEnergy savings in energyconsumption

Sustainable Habitat 

Auto Load Management Functions

• A microprocessor based Programmable logicalControl (PLC) system is to work with BuildingControl (PLC) system is to work with BuildingManagement System (BMS) for the DG Sets

• This will enable optimum usage of theavailable DGs according to the load demand.

• Resulting in savings in fuel consumption to thetune of 15%.

Sustainable Habitat (25, 27)

Sustainable Habitat cont…

• Animal Waste Treatment– Gazipur Slaughter House is under Operationp g p– Shutting Down Idgah unit under process– Local dairies to be shifted to designated area withgenvironmental friendly solutions

– New Ghoga Dairy is under development byi t it & G b Pl tproposing compost pits & Gobar gas Plant

– Dairy waste management facility being planned ‐Yamuna Action Plan ‐ IIYamuna Action Plan II

d i

Sustainable Habitat (25)

RenderingA Carcass utilization cumRendering plant has beenestablished by the M.C.D. with20 tons (approximate)processing capacity at Ghazipur,to render the dead animalsfrom entire city suburban areasfor their efficient disposal toprevent environmentalpollution and spread ordiseases. Rendering PlantRendering Plant

MCD is in the process offinalizing the concessionaire forrunning the plant.g p

Sustainable Habitat

Lighting Energy Management System (EMS) 

products being usedproducts being used

• Smart‐electronic ballastSmart electronic ballast 

– Saves up to 35% on the energy bill.

• Presence of detection system with daylight sensingPresence of detection system with daylight sensing

• Energy Saving luminaries.

• By using EMS we can save up to 25 30% of the• By using EMS we can save up to 25‐30% of thelighting costs yet increase user comfort andconvenience.

Sustainable Habitat

Bio‐Gas Power Plant at Ghoga Dairy Colony [Narela]

MCD h d l d d i l t Gh t hift ill l• MCD has developed a dairy colony at Ghoga to shift illegalDairies.

• In phase‐I, 2020 dairy plots have been developed.p , y p p

• About 14000 cattle are to be shifted there in phase‐I.

• About 215 Tonnes dung per day will generate from 14000cattles.

• MCD is planning to establish a Bio‐Gas Power Plant of 1.00MW capacity to deal with the dungMW capacity to deal with the dung.

• Indraprastha Energy & Waste Management Company Limited[a joint venture of Department of Power GNCTD & IL&FS] isbeing appointed as project adviser.

Sustainable Habitat contSustainable Habitat

Sustainable Habitat cont…• C&D Facility ( Construction & Demolition waste)

500MT TPD C&D facility developed at Burari– 500MT TPD C&D facility developed at Burariprovided with the following :

o Weighbridge

o Semi‐mobile jaw crusher with feed hopper & Grizzly

feeder.

o Backhoe loader, tractor trolleys, vibrator, winch.

• Material is being received, crushed, graded by size and

Land filled– Land‐filled.

– Supplied to building industry for use as filler / sub‐base

material.material.

– Manufacturing of paver blocks

Sustainable Habitat 

Pilot Project C&D Debris Management

C&D DebrisContainer

Hook LifterC hCrusher

Sustainable Habitat cont…Sustainable Habitat (29)

Sustainable Habitat cont…

• Reduced use of wood in constructionReduced use of wood in construction– Timber Door & window frame totally avoided by proposing steel & Aluminum joineryproposing steel & Aluminum joinery

– Introduced steel form work during construction

Green IndiaGreen India• Over a million plant materials consisting of trees ,p g ,shrubs & herbs are planted by HorticultureDepartment

l d f f l l• Revitalization & densification of plant material inMCD parks

• Strengthening of parks & play grounds is proposed to• Strengthening of parks & play grounds is proposed toconsider in local area plans

• Setting up of herbal gardens in all 12 zones (9 nosg p g (completed)

• Introducing park maintenance policy

Greening of Delhi Green India (34, 36,37,)

Horticulture• MCD is engaged in preparing10,00,000 pots of various foliagespecies of plants across 27species of plants across 27nurseries.

• These potted plants would beplaced around stadia and otherplaced around stadia and otherimportant places.

• For better management of park(s) in Delhi MCD has already( ) ystarted encouragingparticipation of various stakeholders and RWAs by involvingth i t k t bthem into park management bygiving them direct financialassistance.

Water MissionWater Mission

• Rain water harvesting in over 350 building completed• Mandatory provision introduced in Building bye laws for

building above 500sq mts vide notification no N‐11011/9/98‐DDVI(Pt)/DDIB dated 28.7.2001

• Reuse of waste water by using dual piping system• Water body at Shadhdra, Roshanara garden & Naini lake

under development stage.• Proposed to create artificial water body / pond in MCD Parks

having area of 1.5 acres and above• Storm water drainage system is combined in villagesg y g

– Not feasible to trap combined flow for environment reason– Proposed to collect & for taking it to river by separatechannel only after completion of sewerage system inchannel only after completion of sewerage system invillages.

Green Cover of Delhi

30 sq Km to 300 sq Km in last 10 ears 30 sq. Km to 300 sq. Km in last 10 years

Source : State of Forest Report (FSI)

• 1.2 million Saplings are being plantedthis year

0 6 illi S li b i• 0.6 million Saplings are beingdistributed through DepartmentNurseries, Petrol Pumps, CNG Stations,Mother Dairy booths etc.

• Delhi Parks & Garden Society has beencreated for maintenance of parks &gardens

• Before 2007, there were 25protected forests and 14 cityforests in the city and another18 new city forests have beencreated in last two years.y

• The govt. plans to createanother 9 city forests this year.y y

• Participation of Eco‐Clubs, RWAs, NGOs, etc

• Forest CDM Project is in pipeline.Forest CDM Project is in pipeline.

• 140 Water bodies are being greened

•200 TPD Compost plant at Okhla operational

Municipal Solid Waste

200 TPD Compost plant at Okhla operational

•200 TPD A.P.M.C Compost Plant at Tikri khurd

•500 TPD MCD Compost plant at Bhalswa•500 TPD MCD Compost plant at Bhalswa

•1300 TPD Integrated Waste Complex atGazipur Bio‐gas Plant Site (underp g (development) and 10 MW power generation.

•1950 (1300+650)TPD Integrated WasteComplex at NDMC Plant Site, Sukhdev Vihar(under development) and 16 MW powergenerationge e at o

•Decentralized biodegradable waste management by OrganicWaste ConverterWaste Converter

Compact machine; Wet compost in 15 minutes; Readycompost in 7 days. Odourless process.

Advertisements released in Newspaper to

Generating Public Awareness

Advertisements released in Newspaper tospread environmental awareness.

Digital display has been done at importanttraffic intersections.traffic intersections.

Metro coaches and metro stations carryenvironmental messages regularly.

Jingle on FM radio is releasedJingle on FM radio is released.Participation in seminars, conferences,

workshops, exhibitions, is a regularfeaturefeature.

Bus Q Shelters are also beingBus Q Shelters are also being used for the public awareness in respect of Plastic menace and G iGreening.

THANK YOU