Conflict Sensitive Peace Promoting Participatory Rural Appraisal Barangay Development Plan Manual...

7/21/2019 Conflict Sensitive Peace Promoting Participatory Rural Appraisal Barangay Development Plan Manual Volume1

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C ON FL IC T SEN SIT IVE PEA CE PRO MO TIN GBARANGAY DEVELOPMENT PLANTH RO UG H P AR TIC IP ATO RY R UR AL A PP RA ISA L

(C SPP PRA -BDP ) M ANUAL

VOLUME 1

G oP -UN ACT FO R PEACE PRO GRAM ME


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Conflict Sensitive Peace Promoting BARANGAy DEVELOPMENT PLANThrough Participatory Rural Appraisal (CSPP PRA-BDP) ManualVolume 12010Published by the GoP-UN ACT for Peace Programme.

Writers: Dolores S. CorroJose Dax Evaristo P. TibusIan C. DigalApril Jhim G. dela Cruz

Review Team: Ms. Diosita AndotMs. Cynthia GuerraMr. James AbdulMr. Rey TanMr. Hector Tuburan, Jr.Ms. Leah Bugtay

Cover, Layout and Book Design: John Mark P. Dionson

All rights reserved.Reproduction of this material for non-commercial use is encouraged provideddue acknowledgement is given to the GoP-UN ACT for Peace Programme.The ACT for Peace Programme is a Government peacebuilding program that issupported by the Governments of Australia, New Zealand and Spain throughthe United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in the Philippines as themanaging agency. The Programme is implemented by the MindanaoDevelopment Authority (MinDA) in partnership with the Autonomous Region inMuslim Mindanao Regional Government.The Programme seeks to strengthen peacebuilding and conflict transformationefforts towards sustaining the gains for peace and development in SouthernPhilippines.Printed in Davao City, Philippines, 2010.ISBN xxxxxxxxx


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TABLE OF CONTENTSGlossary of Terms .. viIntroduction 1aFormulating CSPP PRA-BDP 2a

~E~~'ON , Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) 3aKey Principles of PRA 4aGood Features of PRA SaPRA Techniques 11aPRA Broad Categories and Methods 13a

~E~~'ON 2 Barangay Development Planning (BDP) 20aPreparation for BDP 20aSteps in Formulating BDP 20aFormulating/Revisiting BarangayV . dMrsron an ISSIon 21aAnalyzing the Situation of the Barangay .

22aIntegrating Rights-Based Approachto Ranked Issues and Problems 23aConsolidating and Packaging BarangayDevelopment Plan 2Sa

References 42a


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BDCBDPBLauC/MPDCOCBMSCSPPLacMBNMDaPCIAPIMEPRARBASRASWOTVM

aLOSSARY OF TERMSBarangay Development CouncilBarangay Development PlanBarangay Local Government UnitCity/Municipal Planning and Development OfficeCommunity-Based Monitoring SystemConflict-Sensitive Peace PromotingLocal Government CodeMinimum Basic NeedsMillenium Development GoalPeace and Conflict Impact AssessmentProject Implementation, Monitoring and EvaluationParticipatory Rural AppraisalRights-Based ApproachSocial Reform AgendaStrength-Weaknesses-Opportunities-ThreatsVision Mission


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INTRODUCTIONThe New Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 has identified planning as a majorfunction of the Barangay Local Government Unit (BLGU) with the Barangay DevelopmentCouncil (BDC) leading the task. The Barangay Development Plan (BOP) is an officialdocument of the barangay wherein the problems, needs and aspirations of the communityare identified, prioritized and pursued on the basis of available resources. BarangayDevelopment Planning is a basic mechanism that BLGUs need to adopt for promotingpeople participation towards local development.Since the implementation of the LGC, most of the BLGUs have yet to become fullyfunctional planning body where BOPs have been formulated by the communities based ontheir needs and priorities. But planning process has become too technical that BLGUsdepend mostly on the City/Municipal Planning and Development Coordination Office(C/MPDCO) for their BOPs. BOPs, if at all formulated, would take the form of AnnualInvestment Plans (AlPs) outlined according to political priorities of some barangay orcity/municipal officials and or district representatives. Sometimes, it takes the form of aBarangay Profile and towards the bottom of a page profile is an enumeration of what thebarangay officials, primarily the barangay captain, perceived are his/her priority programsand projects.Barangay Development Planning to be meaningful and relevant means strengthening thecapacity of barangay government officials in preparing their own BOPs, mobilizing theparticipation of women , youth and other sectors in the planning process, tapping traditionalleaders, mainstreaming traditional methods in PRA-BDP and employing the principles ofconflict sensitivity, peace promoting process and approaches that are responsive to rightsentitlements of every person.Formulating CSPP PRA-BDP uses some guide and steps to facilitate the process. Thereare three basic steps necessary to formulate the BOP. The first is the preparatory stepwhich involves the approval of the Local Chief Executive to mobilize resources bothmanpower and budget to start the process and data gathering. Since this is a process thatinvolves the formulation of the BOP through the PRA process, the preparatory process ofdata gathering uses more the PRA tools and steps. The second is the formulation stepwhich is the actual process where data gathered in the preparatory step will beconsolidated using various BOP tools for consolidation. The final step is the write upprocess where all the consolidated data are organized according to the identified prioritiesof the community.In all these steps, very basic to the process is the hands-on training and actual workshopon the various steps and tools used for the PRA and BOP processes. The actual PRA andBOP processes follow after the training.This manual is developed to serve as a guide to all facilitators of Barangay DevelopmentPlanning process primarily the BLGUs in undertaking PRA-BDP. Through this guide, theusers of this manual will be able to enhance their knowledge and skills in formulating PRA-BOP and understand the meaning and relevance of Barangay Development Planningprocess in promoting peoples' participation and sustaining local development.


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FORMULATINQ CSPP PRA-BDPSOME SUGGESTIONS

The Comprehensive PRA-BDP Training workshop would last for 10 days which willinclude hands-on and actual practice of the different tools used in the PRA and BOPprocesses. But it will last for five days if PRA tools will be determined prior to the actualtraining workshop. This means that facilitators and participants to the training workshopwould have agreed earlier to learn only the knowledge and skills of these specific toolsthey deemed most appropriate for their needs and condition which they canimmediately apply in the actual PRA. The training workshop may be conducted one timefor both PRA and BOP or it may be divided into two separate training workshop, one forPRAand one for BOP.

It would be best if all the puroks in the barangay will have participants in the training. Atmost three persons per purok who will have particular assignments as facilitator,documentor and process assistant will be enjoined to participate in the training. On topof the participants from the puroks, members of the technical working group at thebarangay level who are composed mostly members of the Barangay DevelopmentCouncil (BDC) and municipal/city planning office must join the training to ensure theplanning process is participatory.

External facilitators should display good facilitation skills, which aims to enable localpeople to undertake some or all of the investigation, mapping, modelling, diagramming,ranking, scoring, quantification, analysis, presentation and planning themselves. Thebehavior and attitudes of external facilitators are of primary importance, more importanteven than methods. All important attitudes include: critical self awareness andembracing error, sitting down, listening and learning, not lecturing but allowing themembers of the community to be the main teachers and analysts. It means that outsidefacilitators must take time to reflect on how their role in community interactions changeand what they must learn to do and to stop doing, iflocal people are to benefitfrom this.

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PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL(PRA)

Preparation of PRAThorough preparation is undertaken prior to the conduct of the PRA to ensure that allavailable secondary data of the barangay has been reviewed before PRAcommences. It isalso sensible to enlist the help of external assistance, preferably with detailed knowledge ofthe barangay and bearing no prejudice or hierarchical position like the personnel of themunicipal or city planning office.

W natis PRA?Participatory Rural Appraisal cum Participatory Resource Assessment is a short cutmethod of data collection. PRA, which began in the late 1980s, offers methods whichinvolve groups rather than individuals and visual representations rather than solely verbalcommunication.PRA techniques are typically used in the field to gather qualitative data, often tocomplement quantitative data. It step begin with the people who know most about their ownlives and systems in the community. It will have to value and develop their knowledge andskills, and put into their hands the means to achieve self-development. PRA is the mosteffective tool to the emerging participatory development paradigm. It substantively involvelocal people in the selection, design, planning and implementation of programs andprojects that will affect them, thus ensuring that local perception, attitudes, values andknowledge are taken into account as fully as possible. It makes more continuing feedbackan integral part of all development activities.PRA is an alternative to the two common qualitative methods which are: a) questionnaireswhich often proved lengthy, costly and prone to errors, and b) rushed site visits byresearchers to collect haphazard data from local elites. PRA uses a combination ofapproaches and methods to enable people to share, enhance and analyze their knowledgeof life and conditions to plan and to act.The PRA approach is particularly useful as it enables vulnerable groups in a community tohave a voice and impart their views on issues of availability and access from which they aremost often excluded. Hence, through the participation by different groups such as women,the elderly, disabled and even school children, researchers and other professionals maydraw a realistic picture of community life through the use of different PRA techniques, thepeople can answer questions relevant to their needs.


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KEY PRINCIPLES OF PRAUsing optimal ignorance: this refers to knowing what is not worthknowing. It avoids unnecessary details and irrelevant data. It does notmeasure more precisely than is needed. It optimizes trade-off betweenquality, relevance, accuracy and timeliness.

Offsetting biases: especially those of rural development by being relaxedand not rushing, listening not lecturing, probing instead of passing on to thenext topic; being unimposing instead of important, and seeking out thedisadvantage people and their concerns.

Triangulation: Using a range of methods, more than one, and often threesources of information to ensure reliability and validity, and to enable cross-checking.

Learning from and with rural people: To learn with and from rural people,directly, on the site, face to face, gaining from local, physical, technical andsocial knowledge.

Learning rapidly and progressively: with conscious exploration, flexibleuse of methods, opportunism, improvisation, iteration, and cross-checking,notfollowing a blueprint program but adapting through a learning process.

Seeking diversity. Looking for, noticing and investigating contradictions,anomalies and difference.

Facilitating by the local people. Facilitating, investigating, analyzing andlearning by rural people themselves so that they present and own theiroutputs.

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aOOD FEATURES OF PRAIterative: goals and objectives are modified as the team realizes what is oris not relevant. The newly generated information helps to set the agenda forthe later stages of the analysis. This involves the 'learning as you go"principle.

Innovative: techniques are developed for particular situations dependingon the skills and knowledge available.

Interactive: professional expertise and local knowledge combine togetherin a way that fosters innovation, interaction and integration. A systemperspective helps make communication easy.

Informal: focuses on partly structured and informal interviews anddiscussions.

In the community: learning takes place largely in the field, or immediatelyafter; or in the intensive workshops. Community's perspectives are used tohelp define difference in field conditions.


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MARE , UNSA MANANG TAPOK -T A POK D IHA KARONBARANGAY?

INGON PA N I KAP,ADUNA KUNOYIPAH IGAYON KARONNGA USA KA PRA .

SA AKONG TAPHAW NGAKASAYURAN , USA DAW KANA KAPAMAAGI SA PAGTUK I SA MGAISYU NGA GAKAH ITABO SAATONG BARANGAY . A PAN D IDTORA PUD TAM AN AKONG NAH IBAL-AN BAH IN ANANG PRA .

DIHA SA SULOD SABARANGAY HALL,GIPAHIGAYON ANGAKTWAL NGA PRACOACHING KAUBAN ANGMGATAWO NGAGIPADALA SA ACT FORPEACEARONMAGPASAYON SAKATAWHAN KUNG UNSA !II.___GAYOD ANG PRA,NGANONG KINAHANGLANKINI BUHATON KAUBANANG KATAWHAN UGPAUNSA KINI HIMOON.

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ANG PRA USA KA PAMAAGI SA ~~~~~~~ --------....,_ ...PAGTUKI SA MGA ISYU UGPROBLEMA SA KADA SEKTOR SABARANGAY ALANG MASAYRAN SAKATAWHAN ANG MGA ISYU NGANAGA PUGONG SA PAG-USWAG SAU SA K A K OMUN ID AD .

APAN MA 'AM , NGANONGKINAHANGLAN PA MANIPAAGI SA USA KA TAPOK-TAPOK NGA PW EDE MAN KIN IMAHIMO SA MGA OPISYALESSA BARANGAY NGA SILA RA?

HANGLAN ANG APARTISIPASYON SA MGALUMULUPYO SA USA KA BARANGAYKAY SILA ANG MAS NAKAHIBALO SAILANG KAHIM TANG UG PINAAGI SAPRA MAPASIBAW KIN ING ILANGKAHIMTANG .

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LAMANG SA PROSESO SA PRAMAHIBALOAN ANG NAG -UNA NGAPANG INAHANGLAN 0 PROBLEMA SAKATAW HAN SA BARANGAY . PINAAG ISA PAG -INAMBITAY SA TANANGSEKTOR SA BARANGAY MA TINO ANGMGA HIN IUSA UG NAG -UNA NGANG IN AHAN GLAN 0 PROBLEM A

KARON NG ANASAYOD NA KAMOK UN G N GA NO NGK INAHANGLANIPAHIGAYONK IN ING PRA ,MAGSUGOD NA

K ITA SA PAGTUK IKUNG UNSA GAYODANG MGA ISYU NGA

INYONG NAH ITAGBO SA INYONG PANG -ADLAW ADLAW NGA PANG INABUH I D IR ISA BARANGAY . A PAN BAG -O N IIN I,K INAHANGLAN ADUNA K ITAY DUHA KAGRUPO KUNG ASA ADUNAY USA KA TAGA -PASAYON PAUNSA GAM ITON ANG MGAPR A T OO LSN GA IN YO NG GAMIT ON UN YASAMTANG NAGH INAY -H INAY KAMO OGHISGOT SA MGA NAG -UNANG ISYU D IR IS A B AR ANGAY .

ADUNAY KUMPLETONG LlSTAHAN SA MGA PRA TOOLS NGA PWEDENG GAMITONSA MGA PARTISIPANTE DINHI SA MANWAL. SA DUGANG KASAYURAN KUNGPAUNSA KINI GAMITON, BISITAHAANG MGAVOLUME 2.

USA KA ORAS ANG G IHA TAG SA MATAG GRUPOARON MAHUMAN NILA ANG PAGDEVELOP SAPRA TOOLS NGA ILANG NAPIL ING GAM ITON SAPAGSUSI SA MGA ISYU . M ISUNOD ANGREPORTING D IIN G I-ASOY ANG TANANG ISYUNGA NAK IT -AN GAM IT ANG PRA TOOLIS NGANAPIL I SA GRUPO

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MA 'AM , NUMERO UNONG ISYU GYUD DIR I SAAMONG BARANGAY ANG PAG-ANGKON SALIM PYONG TUBIG NGA MAINOM . UG DUGANGPA NIIN I NAGBATON KAM I SA PROBLEMA SAMGA SAKIT SAMA SA DIARRHEA UG UBAN PANGA MAKUHA NAMO SA HUGAW NG TUBIG .

MA 'AM , TUGUTI AKO NGA AKONG IKA -AMBIT K IN ING MGA PROBLEMA SAAKONG MGA KAUBANG MAG-UUMA .DAKO KAAYONG KALISOD ALANGNAMONG TANAN ANG PAGHATOD SAAMONG ABOT SA PALENGKE TUNGODSA GUBA NGA DALAN . TUNGOD NIIN I,NAGPABILIN NGA GAMAY ANG AMONGKITA LABAW NA KUNG ADUNAY KUSOGN GA U LA N.

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MA 'AM , USA PUD SA MGA PROBLEMA DIR I SAMGA GIN IKANAN NGA SAMA NAKO KAY ANGKALIDAD SA EDUKASYON NGA MAKUHA SAAMONG MGA ANAK TUNGOD KAY KULANG ANGMGA CLASSROOMS UG PASIL IDAD SAESKWELAHAN . NAGPABILIN G IHAPON NGAIGNORANTE ANG MGA BATA KUNG PAUNSAGAM ITON ANG KOMPYUTER UG PAUNSA

HUMAN NAOUNGGAN ANGMGA ISYU UG PROBLEMA SABARAN GAY, NAGSUGOO NASA PAGHIMAY-HIMAY ANGMGA FACILITATORS SA MGABUTANG NGANAOISKURSUHAN SA UNANGBAHIN SA SESYON.GIPANGUTANA ANG MGAPARTISIPANTE KUNG ANGILANG MGA NASUGYOT NGAMGA ISYU NAG-UNA BA KININGA PROBLEMA SABARANGAY. OINHI GISUGOANANG PAGHASHAS SA MGAISYU KUNG IMPORTANTE PABA KINING ISUGILAN UGTAGAAN OG Bill NGA IAPILSA BOP.

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PRA TECHNIQUESOne of the strengths of PRA nature of itsmethod is the visual and, therefore,accessible to a larger group of people.The group debates that ensue furtherstimulate improvization resulting in newapplications. Group activities can also bedynamic and can promote furtherdiscussions, other than that which is pre-prepared. PRA uses the followingtechniques:

,. OBSERVATIONPrior to conducting any PRAtechniques, the barangay -researchers should be clear on whatexactly they are researching anddetermine realistic objectives of thePRA surveys. Although much of thetechniques employed in PRA areflexible in their content and design, itis important to have some questionsin mind at all times, to capture thelivelihoods of people in their entirety.Researchers should act on what theysee, and recognize distinctions ingender, age, and wealth etc. am~ngthe people in the community.Observation also aids improvization,particularly when carrying outdiagramming techniques, allowinghousehold implements for exampleto be used inthe PRAmethods.

2. SEMI-STRUCTUREDINTERVIEWSInterviewing is one of the maintechniques used in developmentstudies. Participatory methods havecontributed to adjusting the interviewto make it more conversational,while still controlled and structured.This is the semi-structured interview(881) whereby only some of thequestions and topics arepredetermined, while the majority ofquestions will be formulated duringthe interview. Questions are askedaccording to a flexible checklist andnot from a formal questionnaire.881s tend to be conducted alongsideother exploratory and participatorytechniques, and are used tocomplement the participatory surveymethods with in-depth information.881s often take time to prepare, andto conduct on a one on one basis,and therefore should be used inaddition to the group surveymethods. These are useful inextracting information fromparticular members of thecommunity. Participatory methodstend to make use of the informalconversational interview andinterview guide approach, which aresemi-structured interviews.


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J ..DIAGRAMMINGDiagrams, including maps, sketchesand transects, summarize data insuch a way that they can be used fordifferent purposes such as planning,field discussion, analyses andproblem identification. They areuseful for opening up discussionsbetween community members andthe external team and helping clarifyissues and questions.

4..ANALYTICAL GAMESThis is a quick game to find out agroup's list of priorities,performances, ranking, scoring orstratification.

~ .. STORIES AND PORTRAYSThis is a colorful description ofsituation, local history, trendanalysis, etc.

6..WORKSHOPSIndividuals, groups, sectors aregathered together to discuss theinformation and ideas intensively.

,.. Secondary data review:Books, files, reports, news articles,maps, etc.

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PRA BROAD CATEC;ORIES AND METHODS

PRA has six (6) broad categories andmethods. These are:

, Methods for Exploring andAnalyzing the Site or theTools for Analyzing Space

As the name suggests, these methodsare used for analyzing the spaceavailable in the community. They areintended to capture images, location ofparticular features or attributes, etc. in abarangay. Maps and Transect Walks arean example of methods for examining thearea in which the people lives and carriesout their livelihood activities.Using MapsMaps are simplified models thatrepresent information in an easilyunderstandable form. They areparticularly useful because:A.They simplify complex information;e.The act of drawing maps

encourages people to analyze theinformation they are using;e.They facilitate communication;4 . . They stimulate discussion;t.hey increase consensus among

team members;,. They are an excellent way of

involving community members anddiscovering their views.

Maps can be drawn by communitymembers to show the location ofhouseholds (social maps), resources(resource maps), the movement ofpeople (mobility maps), or some otherfeatures. They are useful for finding outabout an area, and about how differentgroups use the area. They are also oneway in which particular groups of a givenpopulation perceive the important thingsin the community. For example, a mapdrawn by a group of women may showdifferent features from one of the samearea drawn by a group of men, or onedrawn by a group of children. Maps canbe combined with wealth rankingexercises to identify which are thepoorest households, female headedhouseholds, different ethnic groups,number of children in a household, etc.What is amap?How can it be drawn?A map is a marking and drawing on theground by the community members. It isdrawn with minimum interference byfacilitators or "outsiders". The personholding the stick talks about what s/he isdrawing. As the map takes shape, morepeople become involved, and want tocontribute and make changes. Duringthe process of drawing researchersought to be very attentive to thecomments that are made as the maptakes shape. These comments, dialogue


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and sometimes arguments often reveal awealth of information and analysis that isuseful to the understanding thatresearchers will be seeking.Maps can be drawn for many topics, suchas:

A. Barangay's use of naturalresources, forests, water, soils,etc.;

e . Social and residential stratification(wealth, ethnicity, religion, etc.);

e. Field and land use;4 . . Mobility (where do people go oftenand why map the traffic);t. Population and settlement, etc.

S I A S O N ~ L C A . L E N D M :J A N t a B M A R A P R M A ~ ~

' " ~ P \i U ~~ ~ ~ 0p ~-J U L A U ' s m b e T N O \ ' HeIm~o . i J ~ ~~ . .. '"~NK u r o , U ! A t J W I T U L A N D ' I N r I ' " " , . .

2. Methods forTimeAnalysisTime analysis methods helpcommunities to examine how they usetheir time (also noting differencesamong different groups of the population)and how they are being affected by thechanging times. In the PRA processsome attention will, for example, be paidto examining trends of particular aspectsof poverty or the impact of say, particularpolicies on people's livelihoods overtime. The most common tools for timeanalysis are: the calendar of historicalevents, time trend analysis, calendarof daily activities, and seasonalcalendar.

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VOLUME 1- ,~Using CalendarsA calendar is a system by which time isdivided into fixed periods, marking thebeginning and end of the year. It is a chartshowing days, weeks, and months in aparticular year. In PRA, calendars areused to discuss events, burdens, andissues over the year and how they affectthe lives of the people in the community.Calendars are used to present complexinformation in diagrammatic form.Note that a calendar does not need tostart in January or any particular month ortime of the year. Community memberswill decide when they want their calendaror year to start. As much as possible also,calendars should reflect indigenousseasonal categories. Team membersmay in this regard find it useful toestablish local names of particularseasons and to establish the meaning, ifany, behind such names. PRA uses avariety of calendars to depict the differentaspects of community life and behavior.These may be on seasons, health,income and expenditure, agricultural, orworkload calendars.

CALENDAR OF HISTORICAL EVENTSYEAR EVENT

1% 0 - Iq74 - NA lCO CAMP WAS s n u . . o . 1 l O O..., 8RO(. 1


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4. Methods for AnalyzingInstitutions andRelationshipsUsing Venn diagrams and theirpurposeVenn diagrams can be used to show thekey institutions and individuals in acommunity and their relationships andimportance for decision-making.Different circles indicate the institutionsand individuals. When they touch,information passes between them. If theyoverlap a little there is some cooperationin decision-making. If they overlap a lotthere is considerable cooperation indecision-making. A Venn diagram is aPRA tool to help people understand howorganizations in their community arerelated to each other to help withcommon issues. Examples oforganizations include church groups,youth groups, cooperatives, womencouncils, local councils, etc. Thus thediagrams can be used to reveal the mostimportant and least importantorganizations in the community, theirresponsibility for and their ability to helpthe community with specific issues. Theycan also show relationships amongcommunity organizations and therelationship between the community andoutside organizations.

~. Methods in Gender AnalysisGender refers to the socially ascribedroles of men and women. The concern forthe research teams here will be withidentifying and discussing differences invulnerability among men and women,and how, what are "normally" called maleand female tasks and behaviors relate tothese. As will be observed from theresearch, women, men, girls and boysperform different roles. They also facedifferent problems and opportunitiesbecause of those roles. Socially definedroles are learnt over time and vary fromculture to culture. However, in mostcultures, women and girls have lowerpositions and less power than men andboys. This may have both direct andindirect implications of poverty onwomen. PRA will thus lay specialemphasis on deepening understandingof gender and poverty relations.Using Gender Analysis ToolsIn analyzing gender focus shall be givenon:

A. The ways men and womenexperience vulnerability topoverty, including causes andmanifestations;

e . The role of intra-householdinequalities and processes indetermining poverty;

e. The part played by powerrelations in the community andwider society;

4 . . Gender issues among specificcategories of the poor (youth,disabled, etc.).

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The following questions may also be auseful guide:A. Why do men's and women's

priority concerns seem to bedifferent?e . How much inequality anddeprivation on differentdimensions is hidden when thefocus is on poor and richhouseholds or communities?

e. Are women's lives made poorermainly by their own husbands, byparticular circumstances? If so,which are these?4 . . In terms of vulnerability, whatdoes it mean to be both disabledand female, or a youth andfemale, or elderly and female, ora member of an ethnic minorityand female?

t. Are the gender issues differentamong people experiencingdifferent livelihoods, such asfarmers or laborers?

,. How do institutions and policieshelp or hinder women's efforts toimprove conditions forthemselves and their children.

s . Other related questions.

6. Methods for ConflictDiagnosis and AnalysisConflict arises when two (or more)individuals (or groups of individuals)disagree on certain issue/s and act oversuch disagreement/so These issues maysprout commonly as a result of data orinformation problem, difficulties inrelationship, values differences,structural crisis, and conflict of interest.

When cause by data orinformation problem, the issueusually lacks appropriateinformation. This is a commonissue in the villages particularly inestablishing land boundaries.The unavailability of properinformation which must bedocumented escalates an issueinto full blown conflict. Anotherfactor related iswhen informationitself is conflicting and has nosupport to further prove one andnullify the other. Coming fromdifferent perspectives, like thecomplainant adhere traditionalbelief against the legalistic viewof another; the interpretation ofparticular information like thevalue of land can also cause aconflict. In rural communitieswhere credibility counts a lot, thebearer of information must besensitive enough not to createpotential conflict among thelisteners.


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the elements of theconflict? Conflict arises when two or more

individuals or groups of individuals(These are the so-called actors ofconflict) ...

Disagree on certain issue/s (Theseissues are considered roots orsources or causes of conflict) ...

And act over such disagreement/s(Action over disagreements are themanifestations and triggers ofconflict).

The issue may be relational dueto strong emotions alreadyembedded, maybe out of theprevious unresolved quarrel orcurrent miscommunicationresulting to misunderstanding.This is the common type ofissues in the villages usuallyoccurring among neighbors,married couples, and clans.

Values differences commonlyoccur due to variation in beliefsand attitudes towards what isgood and right. Though not muchdiscussed among villages, thedifferences in values are usuallyaligned to political and religiousbeliefs, cultural practices, andsocial developmentperspectives.

As defined, structural problemsare external issues beyond thecontrol of conflicting individuals.This ranges from naturaldisasters to national policyconcerns which totally or locallycannot be resolved and in effectresults insecurity and injustice inthe villages.

Conflicts of interests are usuallyissues over satisfaction of needs.In villages, these can be more oftangible outcome expected bythe conflicting individuals likemoney, land, or a certain percentof crop produced. However, suchissues can also be based onpride of the individual or of itsfamily's name, which requiresappropriate respect andrecognition.

Nevertheless, power remains to be at thecore of all conflicts. And these resultsusually due to significant imbalancedistribution of power among communitysectors majority are marginalized.Related to that is the inappropriate andineffective usage of these powers meantto dominate others.

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Following the description of conflict andits potential sources, the conflictdiagnosis is a participatory approachapplying logical collection of informationabout the dynamics of an issue orproblem. In tandem to that, the conflictanalysis is also a participatory process ofexamining and understanding the givenissue or problem from a variety ofperspectives and methodologies, inorder to generate alternative and widerange of options for resolution andtransformation.

~;;::Iug Using Conflict Diagnosisand Analysis Tools

Following the PRA processes, there werethree basic tools normally used infacilitating conflict diagnosis andanalysis:,. The A-B-C of Conflict which

focuses on clarifying the backgroundcontext of the issue where it wasrooted. These usually include thesocial, cultural, political, andeconomic picture of the area thatgreatly influenced the exacerbationof small differences into a full-blownconflict.2. The Stakeholders' Analysis tendsto understand who are the

individuals or group of individualsinvolved in the issue. This profilingprocess usually covers only those onthe first and second level ofinvolvement yet can be extendeddepending on the need of the issueto be understood. Also part of theprocess was to know the standpoint

of the stakeholders, their real interestover the issue, the motivation of thestakeholders towards the resolutionof the issue, and the influence thestakeholders already demonstratedas well as what they can potentiallydo.

J. T~e F.orce Fiel~ Analysis whichprimarily determines vital factorsidentified, as a result of the A-8-C ofConflict and Stakeholders' Analysis,which may prevent or pushes theissue into either resolution orescalation.

Suggested to be used one afteranother to achieve the properdirection towards conflictresolution, the prime objective ofthis conflict diagnosis and analysisis to bring the understanding of theissue or problem at the communitylevel. And, together review andanalyze in accordance to theirperception how to effectivelytransform it into positive plan ofaction, thus, promotingcommunity peace.


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BARANGAY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING(BOP)

~REPARATION FOR BDP IBefore the actual barangay planning takes place, all the results using planningtools like Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS), Minimum Basic Needs(MBN) and Participatory Resource Appraisal (PRA) should be ready forpresentation. When possible, these materials have been prepared by printingthem in manila papers and posted in walls that can be easily read by theparticipants. The current barangay vision and mission should also be posted. Inaddition, other materials necessary for the planning are the forms of the tools forthe formulation of the BOP. These forms should already be printed using manilapapers. This way, planning will be facilitated easily and time will be maximizedmore for substantial discussion of the BOP than preparing the BOP forms.

STEPS IN FORMULATINQ BDPThere are four major steps in formulating BOP.These are:

,. Formulating/Revisiting barangay vision and mission;

2. Analyzing the situation of the barangay;

~. Integrating rightsbased approach to ranked issues and problems; and

4. Consolidating and packaging the Barangay Development Plan.

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t. FO~f.1"L4"'N~/~E'i'~''''N~~4~4N~4Y 'i'~'ON 4N'f ) f.1'~~'ONWhat is a V ision .?

The vision is the dream the idea ofthe way things ought to be. Itshould be shared by all. The vision provides a guide forsetting direction. It is the barangayshared image of its future. It is the most powerful engine thatdrives the community to progress. It is the driving force that movesthe whole community towards theachievement of a commondevelopment direction. It providesdirection and guides developmentefforts of the community. The vision should be statedconcisely and easy tocommunicate.

What are the EleW \en.ts o fa V isio n.? It is simple. It engages hearts and minds. It is an assertion of what peoplewant to happen. It gives hope for the future. It is a living document that canalways be changed. It is a road map for change.

What i s Vis ion . in . ,g? It answers the question, "How doyou see your barangay in thefuture?" "What do you want your barangayto become?"

In formulating the final visionof the barangay, it is a must toreview the current vision andsee whether the elementspresented are still true today.Compare the current vision tothe new formulation andintegrate the elements of thecurrent vision which are stilltrue to the elements of newformulation. Reformulate yourvision incorporating all theelements.

What is a Missior.? The Mission tells what and why. It also needs to be clear, concise,and easy to communicate.


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The mission is more detailed thanthe vision. The mission refers to the generalpurpose of the organization, orthebeliefs and culture of a

community. The mission channels collectiveaction into common direction, sothat the peoples' energies and thebarangay's resources serve acommon purpose. It provides meaning andmotivation, it can help people seehow their work contribute to theattainment of vision.

Settin .9 a M issio n. A mission answers the question,"Why do you exist?" It provides a clear view of WHATthe barangay is trying toaccomplish FOR, its people andHOW it can attain its purpose.

Like the vision, theformulation of themission is based onthe current missionand the newformulation. Reviewthe elements of thecurrent missionwhether they are stilltrue today andcompare these withthe elements of thenew formulation.Incorporate all theelements from boththe current and newformulation to comeup with the finalmission statement.

n . 4N4L'IZ'N~ THE ~'T"4T'ON O FTHE ~4~4N~4'1

In analyzing the situationof the barangay all theresults of the planningtools which have alreadybeen conducted are used.These planning tools are MBN-SRA,CBMS and PRA. This is done primarily toidentify the priority issues confronting thebarangay and how these issues arebeing addressed by comparing theresults of the planning tools and seewhich of the issues are consistentlyappearing in all the planning tools. UsingSWOT (Strength-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats) tool the situationof the barangay is further analyzed.Here, both the internal and externalenvironment affecting the condition ofthe barangay is considered. Finalanalysis of the issue is done when theseare rated according to the MillenniumDevelopment Goals targets.

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,,'- 'N"E~~4"'N~ ~'~""~-~4~E~4"j)"j)~04C" . , 0 ~4N" '~~"E~4N~ "j)~O~LEf.1~

What is R i ,gh ts -BasedApproach (RBA)? RBA is both a vision and a set of tools:human rights can be the means, theends, the mechanism of evaluation,

and the central focus of sustainablehuman development. It includes empowering people tomake decisions rather than passiveobjects or recipients of benefits. Applying integration of the concepts,norms, standards and principles ofhuman rights into the plans, policiesand processes of governance and

development. Normatively based on internationalhuman rights standards. Operationally directed to promotingand protecting human rights.

What is Deve {opW\en .t? Development is acomprehensive economic,social, cultural and politicalprocess, which aims at theconstant improvement of thewell-being of the entirepopulation and of all individualson the basis of their active, freeand meaningful participation indevelopment and in fairdistribution of benefits resultingtherefrom (UN Declaration on

the Right to Development, 4Dec 1986).

"Inalienable human right bywhich every human person, andall peoples are entitled toparticipate in, contribute to,and enjoy economic, social,cultural and politicaldevelopment, in which humanrights and fundamentalfreedoms can be fully realized"(Art 1, Declaration on the Rightto Development).


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What is the AddedValue of RBA? Identifies rights and duty holdersthereby enhancing accountability. Strategies are directed atredressing injustice rather relievesuffering. Normative stance on the side ofthe oppressed and excluded, thuscompelling a focus on vulnerablegroups such as women. Underlies that rights areinalienable, universal, non-negotiable, indivisible andinterdependent. A starting point showing thatpeople can drive change and aretherefore not passive recipients. Violation of human rights is takenas point of reference which ishelpful for systematic analysis. Efforts directed at the roots ofstructural injustices rather thaneffects. Promotes institutional changerather than charity because itmoves the discourse from needsto rights. Forces collective action andalliances rather than individualefforts.

HuW \a n R i,g hts P rin cip lestha t C iu ide D evelopW \en tPro,graW\W\in,g

Universality and Inalienability - allhuman beings are entitled tohuman rights; these rights cannotbe taken away from them. Non-discrimination and Equality -all human beings are entitled tohuman rights and it should not berestricted by race, religion, class,gender or political opinion. Attention to vulnerable groups -

RBA focuses on the realization ofrights of vulnerable ormarginalized groups. This shouldbe considered especially whenresources are scarce and certainprioritization is required. Equity - it means fair, just, andimpartial guarantee offunadamental rights andfreedoms. Indivisibility - human rights areindivisible and are inherent toevery human person (civil,political, economic, social orcultural rights). There is nohierarchy of status among the

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Interdependence andinterrelatedness - the realizationof one right depends on therealization of other rights, whollyor in part. Accountability and the rule of law-it derives from the duties of statesand international community torespect, protect, promote andfulfill human rights for all people. Participation and inclusion - thismeans all individuals are entitledto actively, freely andmeaningfully participate tocontribute to the enjoyment of allhuman rights. This participation

should lead to the empowermentof people.Integrating RBA in the BOPformulation gives the communityan opportunity to understand theissues according to their rightsand propose measures both forthemselves as right bearers orclaim holders to responsibly actand to duty bearers to ensure thatclaim holders are entitled to theserights.

' ' I J . CON~OUI)4T'N~4 N I )"/)4C"4~'N~ ~4~4N~4YI )E ' l J E L O " / ) f 1 E N T " /) L 4 N

Each barangay should assign writerswho will consolidate the results of thePRA and BOP processes. Inconsolidating and packaging theBOP, the following should beconsidered:4. Present a narrative account ofevery topic (heading) aspresented in their barangayprofile (e.g. demography,

economic data, and so on andso forth) in relation to theirpresent situation in thebarangay as reflected in theresults of their situationalanalysis (SWOT).~. Make a concrete statement ofeach priority issue by goingback to the root cause andevaluating how did it becomean issue and a point of

concern for the entirebarangay in the form of causeand effect relationship.C. Formulate rights-basedobjectives per priority issuebased on the human rightsinvolved and human rightsnormative standards andcontent.I). Narrate the identified

program, project or activitiesof each issue and itssignificance to thestakeholderls particularly tothe claim holders.


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E . Explain the responsibility andcapacity needs of allstakeholders including therecommended measures(legislative and executive).F . In each identified duty holder,explain their relationship to theclaim holders and how will theymake an impact inimplementing the projects andprograms.t;. Identify relevant expenses foreach activity, project and orprogram in their BOP, theirbudget estimates and possiblesource ofbudget.

After having consolidated the informationabove, package the BOP including all thebarangay profile and the data gatheredthrough the PRA.

The packaged BOP will be presented to theBarangay General Assembly for properapproval and adoption through a BarangayResolution.

The 5-year BOP will be the basis of theBarangay Annual Investment Plan which willbe submitted to the city/municipal LGU forconsideration in the comprehensivemunicipal development plan

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BA I, AN I-A NA GYUD ANGTUBAG SA ATONG MGANAG -UNANG PROBLEM A

HA ?! UN SA M AN KANA ,P A RE ? M IL AGRO ?

PA GG AM IT SA G UBA NG D ALA N, G AM AY N GAK ITA SA ABOT SA UM A UG PAGHATAG OGDEKAL IDAD NGA EDUKASYON SA ATONGMGA ANAK , M ATUBAG NA GYUD PINAAG ISA ATONG PAGSALM UT SA PAGBUHAT SATO NG K AU GA LIN GO NG B DP !

ANG BDP USA SA M GAIM PO RTANTENG AKTB IDADNGA PAGA -BUHATON SABARANGAY D IIN ANG MGAM IYEM BRO SA BARANGAYDEVELOPM ENT COUNC IL UGANG M GA L ID ERES SA

N AG KA IY A-IY AN G SEK TO R G IN APA HIG AY ON A NGPAGBUHAT SA PLANO A LANG SA PAGTUBAG SAM G A K AK UL AN G AN SA K OM U NID AD .

KOREK KA DYAN , PARE ! K ITA M AN ANG MASNAKAH IBLAO KUNG UNSA ANG ATONG MGAPRO BLEM A SA BA RA NGA Y, D APA T LA NG G YU DK ITA M USALM OT N IIN ING M GAIM PORT ANTENG KALIHUKAN ! UN SA PA M ANIM ONG G IHULAT D IHA , PARE? ALI NA !T A MBONG NA T A !

MAO BA? APAN UNSA MANK AN ANG BD P, PA RE?

AHA , NAKUHA KO NA , PARE .K INAHANGLAN K ITAMOTAM BONG SA PAGMUGNA SAATO NG BDP A RO N M ATA BA NG ANNATO ATONG MGA L ID ERES SAPAGBUHAT SA SAKTO UG HAUMNG A M GA PLAN O A RO N M ATUBA GNA ANG M GA PROBLEM A NGAATONG G ISAGUBANG D IR I SABARANGAY .


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VISION FORMULATIONDIHA SA PAGSUGOD SA SESYON NGA GITAMBUNGAN SA MGA NAGKALAIN-LAING MGALlDERES SA MGA SEKTOR SA BARAN GAY, NASAKSIHAN SA DUHA KA MAGKUMPARE KUNGPAUNSA PAGBUHAT ANG VISION UG MISSION STATEMENTS SA BARANGAY.

KARON HIMUON T ASTATEMENT SA ATONG BARANGAY. SAPAGMUGNA NIINI, PANGUTAN-ON KO KAMOKUNG UNSA INYONG GUSTO MAHIT ABO SAINYONG BARANGAYGIKAN KARONG ADLAWAUG SA MGA SUMUSUNOD NGA UNOM KA-TUIG? MAHIMO NINYO KINING TUBAGONPINAAGI SA PAGHAN-AY SA MGA PULONGNGA NAGLANGKOB SA GUSTO NINYONG

00.MAHIMO NINYONGGAMITON ANG SMART

SA PAGHIMO SA INYONGTUBAG. ANG USA KA

VISION KINAHANGLAN"SPECIFIC" ANG PASABOT

NIINI, KINAHANGLANDIRETSO SA PUNTO.

MEASURABLE PUD KINI 0 MATUKADSA UNA PA LAMANG PAGBASA, KINAHANGLAN MASUKUDNA SA NAGBASA. ATTAINABLE USAB KINI 0 MAKAB-OTSA MGA TAWO NGA NAGMUGNA NIINI. LABAW SATANAN, REALISTIC 0 TINUD-ANAY; UGKINAHANGLANG TIME-BOUND 0 NAGA-SUNOD SAPANAHON NGA GILANGKUBAN NIINI. SAMA SA AKONGGI-INGON, SULOD SA UNOM KATUIG.

GITAGAAN SAFACILITATOR OG 30 KAMINUTOS ANG MGAPARTISIPANTE SAPAGSULAT SA PAGDIBUHOSA GUSTO NILANGMAHITABO SA ILANGBARAN GAY. GISULAT NILAKINI SA METACARDS UGGIPAPILIT SABLACKBOARD.

APAN MA'AM,MAN AKO OG HAN-AY SAAKONG MGA MAHUNA-HUNAAN NGA PULONG.MAHIMO MO BA KAMINGTAGAAN SA MAS PIHO NGA

GIPASAYON PAUNSA KAMIMAKAMUGNA OG USA KAVISION STATEMENT NGA

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ARON SAYON PARA KANATO ANG PAGHIMO SA ATONG VISION, ATO KININGORGANISAHON PINAAGI SA PAGBAHIN NIINI UBOS SA MGA SEKTOR DIINKIN I NAGLANGKOB. NIINGON SI MANONG DINHI NGA GUSTO SIY A NGAGINADAMGO NIYA ANG USA KA BARANGAY DIIN ANG MGA TAWOMAHADLOKON SA DIYOS. BASE SA ATONG GIYA NGA SIX DEVELOPMENTSECTORS SA BARANGAY, ASA MAN NATO KINI IBUTANG?

TUBAG NI MANANG NGA"GIDAMGO KO ANG USA KAKOMUNIDAD NGA ADUNAY

MABUTANG KANA UBOS SA SOCIALDEVELOPMENT SEKTOR MA'AM. VERYGOOD. KARON

NGA KAHIBALO NAKAMO SA PAG-

ORGANISA SA MGA TUBAG. ATO NAKINING USAHON SA MAKADALI. ANGMGA PAREHONG PULONG ATO NANGITIPON KUNG ASA KININAGLANGKOB. PANANGLITAN,KINING "KUMPLETONG HEALTH FACILITIES" UG "ADUNAYHADUOL NGA OSPITAL" MAHIMO NATO KINING I-TIBUOKSA PAGSULTI NGA "ADUNAY NAG-UNANG SERBISYO SAPANGLAWAS". AYON BAKAMONIINI?

(00. MA'~ KARON, BASAHON NATONGTANAN ANG ATONG NADIBUHONG


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ANG BARANGAY BAG-ONG PAG-ASA NAGALANTAW SA USA KAKOMUNIDAD NGA MAHADLOKON SA DIOS, MALINAWON UGHIMSOG DIIN ANG KATAWHAN ABUNDA SA PANGINABUHIAN,ADUNAY NAGKAHIUSANG PAGPAKABANA UG AKTIBONGMISALMOT SA KALIHUKAN SA BARANGAY.

KARON, NIUYON BA KAMO SA INYONG NABUHAT NGAVISION? KUNG NIUYON KAMO, ATONG BISITAHON ANGINYONG KARAANG VISION; I-MINYO NATO ANG MGAPULONG NGA SA TAN-AW NINYO, WALA PA NAKAB-OT SABARANGAY HANGTOD KARON. BUHATON NATO KINI ARONSA PAGHATAG OG CHANSA SA PAGTIWAS SA MGA DAMGONGA WALA PA NATO NAKAB-OT. MAGSILBI KINI NATONGGIYA SA SUMUSUNOD NGA UNOM KATUIG.

MA'AM, MAO KINI ANG UNANGHIGAYON NGA NAKABUHAT KAMIOG USA KA VISION ALANG SABARANGAY. WALA KAMI'YKARAANGVISION STATEMENT.

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MISSION FORMULATIONKUNG M AO M AN GAN I,D I M UADTO K IT A SASUNOD NGA BAH IN SAA TONG SESYON ; ANGPAGD IBUHO NA PUD SAATONG M ISS IO NSTA TEM ENT 0 ANGATONG TAHAS PAUN SANATO M AKAB -O T A TONG

V IS IO N 0 ANG ATONG M GA DAM GO . SAM A SAATONG G IBUHAT KAGAN IHA SA V IS IO NSTA TEM ENT , IN YO NA PUD KARONG ISU LA T SAM ETACARD S KUNG PAUN SA N INYO GU STOM AKAB -O T K IN ING M GA DAM GUHA .

A PAN M A 'AM , PAUN SANAM O K IN ING

M AAYO NGA PANGUTANA . KUM PLETUHON N INYOK IN ING M GA M OSUNOD NGA PU LONG , "A NGBARANGAY BAGONG PAG -A SA NAGT INGUHA SA____ P IN AAG I SA ." PANANGL ITAN ,ANG M GA PU LONG NGA , "A NG BARANGAY BAGONGPAG -A SA NAGT INGUHA SA U SA KA KOM UN IDADNGA M AL INAW ON UG HA PSAY ..." M AH IM O N INYONGM AKAB -O T SA PAG SU L T I NGA " ...P IN AAG I SAT INUORAY NGA PAG SINABTANAY SA M GAL UM U LU PY O. "

SAMA SA PAGBUHATSA VISION, GITAGAANSA FACILITATOR UG30 KA MINUTOS ANG

~~Jr:::!i MGA PARTISIPANTE,,~~~ SA PAGSULAT SA

ILANG MISSION.GIPILIT NILAANG MGAMETA-CARDS OliNNAKASULAT ANGILANG MGATUBAG SABLACKBOARD.

NAKUHA KO NA M A'AM .

ANG UNANATONGBUHATONKARON , A TONGI - EBALWEYTANG INYONG

M GA NAH IM ONG PU LONG . K IN INGPU LONG N I M ANONG NGA"NAN INGUHA SA M AU SW AGON UGNAG -UNANG BARANGAY P INAAG ISA PAG T INABANGAY SA M GARES ID EN TE " V IS ION BA K IN I 0MISS ION?


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USA KANA KA MISSION KOREK KA DYAN! HUMANMA'AM KAY IYANG GISULAT NATO MA EBALWEYTKUNG PAUNSA NIYA KINI ANG MGA PULONG,

MAHIMO NA NATOKINING USAHON; SAPAGTIBUOK OGPAGSAYSAY SA MGATINGUHA UGSAPAGTIBUOK SA PAGSAYSAY KUNGPAUNSA KINIMAKAB-OT MABUHAT NATO ANG USA KAKONGKRETONGMISYON.

GIHASHASAN SA MGA PARTISIPANTE ANG MGA PULONG NGA ILANG NABUHAT SATABANG SA ILANG FACILITATOR SA DUNGAN, ILANG GIBASA SA KUSOG ANG ILANGNADIBUHONG MISYON SA BARANGAY.

ANG BARANGAY BAGONG PAG-ASA NAGTINGUHA SA USA KAKOMUNIDAD NGA NAGKAHIUSA ARON SA PAGPAUSWAG SA

PANGINABUHIAN, PAGPANALIPOD SA KINAIYAHAN, PAGPALAPNAG UGPAGRESPETOSA LUMADNONG KULTURA, ADBOKASIYA SA PAGPATUMAN

SA MGA NAG-UNANG SERBISYO SAMA SA KALSADA, EDUKASYON UGSERBISYONG PANLAWAS, PINAAGI SA PAGTINABANGAY, PAGPAKABANA

UG AKTIBONG PARTISIPASYON SA KATAWHAN DIHA SAPANGGAMHANAN.

SAMA SA GIBUHAT NGA PROSESO SA PAGBUHAT SAVISION, KINAHANGLAN I-MINYO ANG MGA IDEYA SAKARAANG MISSION STATEMENT. APAN SA NASULTI,MAO KINI ANG UNANG HIGAYON SA BARANGAY NGAMAG-MUGNA OGVMSTATEMENTS.

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SWOT ANAL YSISANG MOSUNOD NGA BAHIN SA ATONG HISGUTANANKARON MAO ANG PAGANALISA SA STRENGTHS (KAKUSOG),WEAKNESSES (MGA KAHUYANG), OPPORTUNITIES (MGAHIGAYON) UG THREATS (MGA HULGA) SA BARANGAY 0 ANGMAS INILA NGA SWOT ANALYSIS.

UNA NATONG BUHATON MAO ANG PAG-SULAT SA METACARDS SA MGAPULONG NGA NAGA SAYSAY SA STRENGTHS 0 KAKUSOG SA ATONGBARANGAY. MOSUNOD ANG PAGSULAT SA WEAKNESSES,OPPORTUNITIES UG THREATS. KUNG MAHIMO, ISA HANGTOD UPAT KAPULONGLAMANG ANG INYONG ISULAT MATAG METACARD.

IKADUHA, ARON NGA MAHIMONG HAPSAY ANG ATONG PAGPADAGAN SASESYON, MOGAMIT KITA OG UPAT KA KOLOR SA METACARDS; BLUE ALANG SASTRENGHTS, PULA ALANG SA WEAKNESSES, GREEN ALANG SAOPPORTUNITIES UG YELLOW SA THREATS; UG IKATULO, TAGAAN KO KAMO SA30 KA MINUTOS SA PAGBUHAT NIINING SESYON.

SAMA SA GIINGON SA FACILITATOR,NAGSULAT ANG MGA PARTISIPANTE SASTRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES,OPPORTU NITIES UG THREATS SA ~~~METACAROS. ILA KINING GIPILIT SA BOPFORM __ . PAGKAHUMAN, GI EBALWEYTKINI SA MGA PARTISIPANTE SA TABANG SAFACILITATOR.

r ~ANG MOSUNOD NATONG BUHATON MAO ANG PAG TUKI SA INYONG MGAGISULAT SA METACARDS. ANG MGA PULONG NGA "HIMSOG NGA LUMULUPYO","DAKO NGA UMAHAN", NAGKAHIUSANG KATAWHAN", AKTIBONG RESIDENTEUG OPISYALES" GIPILIT UBOS SA KOLUM SA STRENGTHS. GIBUTANG KINI DIRITUNGOD KAY MAO KINI ANG INTERNAL STRENGTHS SA BARANGAY. DILI NATOPWEDE I-APIL ANG MGA BUTANG NGA MATAWAG NGA ASSET APAN GAWAS SAGAHUM UG MANDO SA BARANGAY SAMA SA DAKO NGA IRA.


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SUNOD GITAN-AW SA FACILITATORANGKOLUM SA WEAKNESSES DIINNAKASULATANG MGA KAHUYANG UGKAKULANGAN SA BARANGAY. ANGMGA PULONG SAMA SA "GUBA NGA 1::1~,\!~DALAN", "GAMAY NGA KITA SA.KATAWHAN", "KULANG OGCLASSROOMS" UG "MGA KALAMIDAD".APAN ANG "MGA KALAMIDAD"GIBALHIN SA FACILITATOR SA KOLUMSA THREATS KAY TUNGOD WALAYCONTROL ANG KATAWHAN NIINI UGANG TIBOOK BARANGAY.

r

PINAKA-ULAHI ANG PAGTAN-AW SATHREATS 0 HULGA SA BARANGAYSAMA SA NAUNANG PULONG NGAGIBALHIN GIKAN SA WEAKNESSES,"MGA KALAMIDAD" DIIN MATAWAGKINING ISYU NGA GAWAS SA GAHUMSA KATAWHAN UG SA OPISYALES SABARANGAY. SAMA SA MGA PULONGNGA "ENDEMIC SCHISTO" UG MGA"SAKIT SA HAYUPUGTANUM", WALAYCONTROLANGMGATAWO NIINI.

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KARON, DIRI TA SAOPPORTUNITIES 0 ANG MGAMAAYONG HIGAYON NGA PWEDEIKONSIDERA SA ATONG BARANGAYNGA MAHIMONG MAPALAMBO. ANGMGA PULONG NGA INYONGGIBUTANG DIRI SAMA SA"ELEKTRISIDA D", "TOURISTDESTINATIONS", "MGA FUNDINGAGENCIES" MAMAHIMONGOPORTUNIDAD ALANG SAKATAWHAN KAY KINI SILAPWEDENG MAPALAMBO. SILA ANGNAGA HATAG OG HINABANG 0NAGATABANG SA PAG-ASENSO SAKOMUNIDAD PINAAGI SA MGASERBISYO NGA ILANG GINAHAT AGALANGSA KATAWHAN.

ANGMGANASULAT NGAISYU UBOSSA KOLUMSAWEAKNESSESUG THREATS ATONG ITANDI KARON SA MGA NIGAWAS NGAISYU SA PRASESSION. KUNGADUNAY MAGKAPAREHONGSYU,ATO SILANG USAHON UGTIBUOKON. APAN KUNGWALA, ATOKINING IDUGANGSALISTAHAN SAMGAISYU.

NAHUMAN ANG SESYON SA SWOT NGA ADUNAYKINSE KA ISYU NGA NASULAT SA BLACKBOARD.


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PRIORITIZINQ AND RANKINQK AY T UN GO DGU STO NATONGMAMAH IMONGMAT INUD -ANON ANGATONG PLANO ,

K INAHANGALAN U SAB NATOIKON S ID ERA ANG M GA PW EDENGM AG PUGONG KANATO SA PAGBUHATN IIIN IN G PLANO SAM A SA ORA S 0PANAHON UG H ILAB I NA ANG BADYET .

NATO I-PRIORITIZE UGI-RANK KINING MGA

PAUN SA M AN NATO K IN IMA -PR IOR IT IZE

SA AKONG TAN -AW , M A 'AM ,M AO NA GYUD K IN I ANG M GABARANGAY UG D IL I NA K IN I

M OAG I K ITA KARON SA PRO SE SO SAPAGBOTO SA M GA ISYU NGA SA TAN -AWN INYO , K INAHANGLAN TAGAAN OGIM PORTAN SYA LABAW SA TANAN .CON FID EN T IA L ANG PAGBOTO ; KADAPART IS IPAN TE , M AM AH IM ONG M OHATAGOG L IM A KA PUNTO S PARA SA ISYU NGA SATAN -AW N IYA LA B ING IM POR TANTE NGAM ABUHATAN OG PLANO . A PAN KUNG SATAN -AW N IYA NGA D IL I KAAYO K IN IIM PORTANTE NGA ISYU PARA N IYA UG PARASA KADAGHANAN , M AM AH IM O N IY A K IN INGTAGAAN OG U SA KA PUNTO S .

N AKA SABOT KO SA IM ONGPUNTO , M ANONG . A PANBA SE SA AKONG G ISUGYOTK AG AN IN A, K IN AH AN GL ANNATO IS IPON ANG ATONGORA S UG BADYET SA PAG -PA TUM AN SA M GA PROYEK TONGA ATONG BUHATON UNYA .A PAN KUNG M ASABUTAN SAKADAGHANAN NGA M AO NA GYUD K IN I ANG M GAISYU NGA BUHATAN OG PLANO , B UHATONG IHA PON NATO ANG PAGBOTO SA KADA ISYUARON ATONG M AH IBA L -AN KUNG UN SA ANGATONG UNAHON PAG SO LBAD .


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SA AKONG TAN -AW MA 'AM , M A SLA BING M AAYO KUNG H IM UONNATONG NA PU LO LANG ANG ATONGISY U KAY KADA ISY U , M AM AH IM OM AN NATONG M ABUHA TAN OG ISA

SAK TO KA D IH A , M ANANG . K ARONNGA NAUYUNAN SA TANAN NGAM AGBOTO TA PA RA M AKUHA ANGNAG UNANG NAPULO KA ISYU , A TONANG SUGDAN ANG PAGBOTO .

GIBUHAT ANG PAGBOTO PINAAGISA PAGHATAG OG HIGAYON SA KADAPARTISIPANTE SA PAGHATAG OG PUNTOS KADA ISYU. GI-TALLY ANGILANG MGA BOTO SA BDP FORM _. GISUMAANG TANANG PUNTOS NGAGIHATAG SA KADA PARTISIPANTE; ANG ISYU NGA NAGBATON OGPINAKADAKONG PUNTOS MAO ANG GIHIMONG UNANG PRAYORIDAD SABARAN GAY HANGTOD SA NAKUMPLETO ANG NAPULO KA ISYU.

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MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT QOALS

ANG MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MAO ANGKATUYUAN SA MGA MIYEMBRONG NASUD SAUNITED NATIONS. ADUNAY WALO KA KATUYUANKINING MGA NASURA DIIN ANG NASUD SAPILIPINAS USA KA MIYEMBRO. PINAAGISA PAG-ILASA MGA KATUYUAN SA UN, MATUKAD SA USA KABARANGAY KUNG ASANG ASPETO 0 SEKTOR ANGKINAHANGLAN PA NILANG IPALAMBO. PALIHOGBISITAHA ANG PAHINA ALANG SAKUMPLETONG LlSTAHAN SA WALO KA MDGS.

KARON ATO NANG ILA -ILAHON ANG W ALO KA M DG S . ANGUNA NATONG BUHATON M AO ANG PAG BAL IK SA A TONGNA PU LO KA ISYU . IK ADUHA , TAN -AW ON NATO KUNG A SA SAW ALONG M DG S K IN I NA -HAUM . UG IKA TULO , ISU LA T NATOSA M ETACARD KUNG UN SANG M DG K IN ING ISYU NGA ATONGG INA TUK I. G AM IT ANG BD P FORM _ , IP IL IT NA TO ANGM ET ACARD S NGA ADUNAY TUBAG N INYO UYON SA ISYU .

UG NAGKASINABOT ANG MGAPARTISIPANTE SA PAG TUBAG SAKADA ISYU KUNG UNSAY MDG ANGNAGLANGKOB UG NI UYON NIINI.PAGKAHAN-AY SA MGA TUBAG,GITAN-AW UG GI-EBALWEYT KINISAFACILITATOR. NAKIT-AN SA TANANKUNG ASA PA NGA ASPETO SAPANGKALIBUTANG KATUYUAN ANGKINAHANGLAN PANG KAB-UTON SABARANGAY ARON MAHIMO KININGMALAMBUON.


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INTEaRATINa RlaHTS-BASEDAPPROACH TO MDalZED ISSUES

ANG R IG H T S-B A SE DA PPROACH U SA KAPAM AA GI D IING INAGAM IT ANGINTERNAT IONAL

HUM AN R IGH TS STANDARDSA PAGG IYA SA KATAW HANARON M AM AH IM O S ILANGM AALAM ON BAH INSA ILANG M GA KATUNGOD .KA TUNGOD SA TANAN NGAM AKAH IBA LO SA ILANG M GA TAW HANONG KATUNGOD .SAM A N IIN ING A TONG SESYON KARON , U SA K IN I SAPAG PA LAM BO SA INYONG KAALAM BU SA K INAHANGLANN INYO T AGAAN OG B IL I A NG M GA O POR TUN IDAD NGAG INABUHAT SA BARANGAY ALANG KAN INYO .

MAN NATOATONG PLANO, MAO K IN I ANG ATONG BUHATON KARON . UNA ,U SAHON NATO SA PAG L ISTA ANG ATONG

NA P IL ING NA PU LO KA ISYU SA M AN ILA PA PER .IK ADUHA , SA KADA ISYU NGA ATONG NA SU LA T ,A TONG IBU TANG ANG M GA TAW HANONGKATUNGOD NGA N ILANGKOBAN N IIN I GAM IT ANGL IST AHAN SA HUM AN R IGH TS INVO LV ED ANDHUM AN R IGH TS STANDARD .

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STEPS IN SETTINQ RIQHTS-BASEDOBJECTIVES AND QENERATION

OF SOLUTIONS TO RANKED ISSUES

KARON NGA NAKAHIBALO NA KAMO SA INYONG MGATAWHANONG KATUNGOD, BUHATON NATO KARON ANGPAGHIMO SA INYONG MGA TUMONG 0 ANG RIGHTS BASEDOBJECTIVES. KINAHANGLAN NATO KIN I BAG-O NATOBUHATON ANG ATONG KONGKRETONG PLANO KAY KINIANG MAGSILBI NATONG GIYA SA PAGKAB-OT SA ATONGMGA GIHANDUM NGA PROYEKTO, PROGRAMA UGAKTBIDADES.

r

UNA NATONG BUHATON MAO ANG PAGBALIK SA PANGUTANA KUNGPAUNSA NATO GUSTO SOLBARON ANG KADA ISYU SA SULOD SA LIMA 0UNOM KA TUIG. IKADUHA, GAMITON NATO ANG SMART ARON MAHIMONATONG MATINUD-ANON KINING ATONG MGA KATUYUAN. IKATULO,SILBI NGA MGA TAGA-DAWAT ANING MGA UMAABOT NGA PROYEKTOUGPROGRAMA, ATONG ISULAT KUNG PAUNSA NATO MASOLBAD KININGMGA ISYUHA SA ATONG PERSONAL0 PANGGRUPONGPAMAAGI.

PAGKAHUMAN SA MGA PARTISPANTE SA PAGBUHAT SA_..,,_ ILANG MGA OBJECTIVES, ILA NANG GIBUHAT ANGPAGSULAT SA MGA PROYEKTO, PROGRAMA UGAKTIBIDADES NGA SILBING TUBAG SA MGA ISYU NGAILANG BUOTTUBAGON.


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STEPS IN ANAL YZINaSTAKEHOLDERS OF THEPROaRAMS/ PROJECTS

KARON NGA ADUNA NA K ITAY M GA NABUHA T NGA MGAPRO YEK TO U G PROG RAM A, A TO N A KA RON G ILA -ILA HONANG M GA DU TY HO LD ERS 0 ANG M GA T AGA -GAM A UGM OTABANG NATO SA PAG IM PLEM EN TAR N IIN IN G M GAPROYEK TO . A TO U SA B ILA ILAHON KUNG K IN SA ANG M GATAW ONG M ODAW AT UG M AKA BEN EP ISYO K IN ING M GAPROGRAM A 0 ANG G INA TAW AG NGA C LA IM HO LD ERS .

SA KADA DU TY HO LDER UG C LA IM HOLD ER NGA ATONGG ISU LA T, A TO NG ILAK IP A NG ILA NG M GA RESPON SIB IL IDA DNGA ANGAY N ILANG BUHATON ARON M AM AH IM ONGM ALAM PUSON ANG PAG IM PLEM EN TAR N IIN IN G M GA BUTANGN GA N AK ASU LA T SA A TO NG PLA NO .

GIBUHAT SA MGAPARTISIPANTE ANG PINAKAULAHING BAHIN SA SESYON.

. DAKO KAAYO ANG KALiPAYSA BARANGAY BAGONG PAG-ASA KAY TUNGOD NAHUMAN_ 1 ! i ! i I , , , : : a NA NILAANG ILANG DUGAY NANGA GINADAMGONG PLANOALANG SA KALAMBUAN SAILANG BARANGAY. TUNGODNIINI, NAKABATON USAB OGPANIBAG-ONG PAGLAUM ANGMGA KATAWHAN SAKOMUNIDAD.

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DIAGRAM SHOWING THE FORMULATION OF CSPP PRA-BDPSTEPS IN FORMULATING CONFLICT-SENSITIVE PEACE-PROMOTING BARAN GAYDEVELOPMENT PLAN THROUGH PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (CSPP PRA-BDP)

PRE-FORMULATION( ~"E"j) ,. GENERAL ORIENTATION( ~"E" j) 2. PRA Training Workshop( ~ "E"j) J. Conduct PRA Per Barangay )

~"E"j) ~l).Packaging ofProfile and BDevelopment

+ +( sts 6. Draft Barangay Resolution Adopting the BOPJ~"E" j) , . Project Planning, Implementation, ApMonitoring Implementation pr

Gathering relevantHuman Security data & . . . .. . . .peace promotion &conflict management

. . . .. . . . .

Including HumanSecurity as one of . . . .the performance . . . .areas

. . . .. . . .

. . . .. . . . .

FORMULATION))

))

( ~ "E"j) it. BOP Training Workshop( ~" E" j) ~ . Conduct BOP Per Barangay

!~"E"j) ~4.Formulating/Reviewing

Barangay Vision and Mission- Formulating Barangay Vision- Formulating Barangay Mission- Reviewing Barangay Existing VM Statements

!~"E" j) ~~ . Analyzing BarangaySituation- Review Planning Tools- SWOT Analysis- Consolidating/Merging Issues/Problems byMDGs- Ranking MDGized Issues and Problems!~"E" j) ~C . Integrating Rights-BasedApproach to Ranked Issuesand Problems- Identification of Human Rights Involved andHuman Rights Standards Per Issues/Problem- Setting Rights-Based Objectives per

Issue/Problem- Identifying Solutions to Ranked Issues/Problems- Analyzing Stakeholders: Claim Holders and DutyHolders of Programs and Projects!

the BarangayarangayPlan

plying PCIA inoject PIME


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REFERENCES

Bhandari, Bishru B. 2003. Participatory Rural Appraisal Module 4. Institute for GlobalEnvironment Strategies (IGES).

CODE-NGO, The World Bank, Japan Social Development Fund, 2006. DevelopingCommunity Capacities for Pro-Poor Budgeting and Local Government Accountability forPoverty Reduction (Localized Anti-Poverty Program /I): Synthesis Reports and CaseStudy Papers.

Economic and Social Research Foundation. February 2002. The 200213 PPAMethodology. A Field Guide.

Institute for Popular Democracy. 2004. BEYOND GOOD GOVERNANCEParticipatory Democracy in the Philippines.

IIRR,LGSP,SANREM CRSP/Southeast Asia. 2001. Enhancing Participation in LocalGovernance: Experiences in the Philippines. International Institute of RuralReconstruction, Philippines-Canada Support Program, SANREM CRSP/Southeast Asia.197p.

UN-Habitat. (United Nations Human Settlements Programme-Philippines and ButuanCity Government, Butuan City, Philippines. 2007. Barangay Development PlanningManual: Using the Rights-Based Approach in Localizing the Millennium DevelopmentGoals.

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Millenium Development Goals (MDG)Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Target 1A: Halve the proportion of people living on less than $1 a dayo Proportion ofpopulation below $1per day (PPP values)o Poverty gap ratio [incidence x depth ofpoverty]o Share ofpoorest quintile in national consumption

Target 1B: Achieve Decent Employment for Women, Men, and Young Peopleo GOP Growth per Employed Persono Employment Rateo Proportion ofemployed population below $1per day (PPP values)o Proportion offamily-based workers in employed population

Target 1C: Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hungero Prevalence of underweight children under five years ofageo Proportion ofpopulation below minimum level ofdietary energy consumption

Goal2: Achieve universal primary education Target 2A: By 2015, all children can complete a full course of primary schooling, girls

and boyso Enrollment in primary educationo Completion ofprimary educationo Literacy of 15-24 year olds, female and male

Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably

by 2005, and at all levels by 2015o Ratios ofgirls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary educationo Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sectoro Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament

Goal4: Reduce child mortality rate Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality

rateo Under-five mortality rateo Infant (under 1) mortality rateo Proportion of 1-year-old children immunised against measles

Goal 5: Improve maternal health Target 5A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality

ratioo Maternal mortality ratioo Proportion ofbirths attended by skilled health personnel


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Target 58: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive healtho Contraceptive prevalence rateo Adolescent birth rateo Antenatal care coverageo Unmet need for family planning

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

o HIV prevalence among population aged 1524 yearso Condom use at last high-risk sexo Proportion of population aged 1524 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of

HIVIAIDS Target 68: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those

who need ito Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral

drugs Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and

other major diseaseso Prevalence and death rates associated with malariao Proportion of children under 5sleeping under insecticide-treated bednetso Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-

malarial drugso Prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosiso Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under DOTS (Directly

Observed Treatment Short CourseGoal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability

Target 7A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policiesand programs; reverse loss of environmental resources

Target 78: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 201 0, a significant reduction in therate of losso Proportion of land area covered by foresto CO2 emissions, total,percapitaandper$1 GOP (PPP)o Consumption of ozone-depleting substanceso Proportion offish stocks within safe biological limitso Proportion of total water resources usedo Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protectedo Proportion of species threatened with extinction

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Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access tosafe drinking water and basic sanitation (for more information see the entry onwatersupply)o Proportion of population with sustainable access to an improved water source,

urban and ruralo Proportion of urban population with access to improved sanitation Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least

100 million slum-dwellerso Proportion of urban population living in slum

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Target 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory

trading and financial systemo Includes a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction

both nationally and internationally Target 8B: Address the Special Needs of the Least Developed Countries (LDC)

o Includes: tariff and quota free access for LOG exports; enhanced programme ofdebt relief for HIPG and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generousODA (Overseas Development Assistance) for countries committed to povertyreduction

Target 8C: Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and smallisland developing Stateso Through the Programme ofAction for the Sustainable Development of Small Island

Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of theGeneral Assembly

Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countriesthrough national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in thelong termo Some of the indicators listed below are monitored separately for the least developed

countries (LOGs), Africa, landlocked developing countries and small islanddeveloping States.

o Official development assistance (ODA): NetODA, total and to LOGs, as percentage ofOEGDIDAG donors' GNI Proportion of total sector-allocable ODA of OEGDIDAG donors to basic

social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe waterand sanitation)

Proportion of bilateral ODA of OEGDIDA G donors that is untied ODA received in landlocked countries as proportion of their GNls ODA received in small island developing States as proportion of their GNls


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o Market access: Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and excluding arms)

from developing countries and from LDCs, admitted free of duty Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products

and textiles and clothing from developing countries Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as percentage of theirGOP Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity

o Debt sustainability: Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points and

number that have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative) Debt relief committed under HIPC initiative, US$ Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services

Target 8E: In co-operation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access toaffordable, essential drugs in developing countrieso Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable

basis Target 8F: In co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of newtechnologies, especially information and communicationso Telephone lines and cellular subscribers per 100 populationo Personal computers in use per 100 populationo Internet users per 100 Population

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UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

On 10 December 1948, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, the full text of which appears in the following pages.Following this historic act, the Assembly called upon all Member countries to publicize the text of theDeclaration and "to cause it to be disseminated, displayed, read and expounded principally inschools and other educational institutions, without distinction based on the political status ofcou ntries or terri tories."PREAMBLEWhereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members ofthe human family is the foundation offreedom, justice and peace in the world,Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which haveoutraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoyfreedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highestaspiration of the common people,Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellionagainst tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,Whereas it is essential to promote the development offriendly relations between nations,Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed theirfaith infundamentalhuman rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men andwomen and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in largerfreedom,Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the UnitedNations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamentalfreedoms,Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance forthe full realization of this pledge,Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OFHUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the endthat every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shallstrive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and byprogressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effectiverecognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and amongthe peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.


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Article 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with

reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.Article 2.

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, withoutdistinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or otheropinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinctionshall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the countryor territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governingor under any other limitation of sovereignty.

Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.

Article 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibitedin all theirforms.

ArticleS. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or

punishment.Article 6.

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.Article 7.

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection ofthe law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of thisDeclaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.

Article 8. Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts

violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.Article 9.

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention orexile.Article 10.

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent andimpartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminalcharge against him.

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Article 11. (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until

proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guaranteesnecessary for his defence.

(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission whichdid not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when itwascommitted. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at thetime the penal offence was committed.

Article 12. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or

correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right tothe protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 13. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of

each state. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to hiscountry.

Article 14. (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. (2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-

political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.Article 15.

(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change hisnationality.

Article 16. (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion,

have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage,during marriage and at its dissolution.

(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intendingspouses.

(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled toprotection by society and the State.

Article 17. (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.


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Article 18. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes

freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community withothers and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worshipand observance.

Article 19. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to

hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideasthrough any media and regardless offrontiers.

Article 20. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

Article21. (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or throughfreely chosen representatives. (2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country. (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be

expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrageand shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.

Article 22. Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to

realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance withthe organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rightsindispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

Article 23. (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable

conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. (2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the rightto equal payforequal work. (3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for

himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, ifnecessary, by other means of social protection.

(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions forthe protection of his interests.Article 24.

Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hoursand periodic holidays with pay.

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Article 25. (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of

himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessarysocial services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability,widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children,whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.Article 26.

(1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementaryand fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical andprofessional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall beequally accessible to all on the basis of merit.

(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to thestrengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promoteunderstanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, andshall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to theirchildren.

Article 27. (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy

the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from

any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.Article 28.

Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms setforth in this Declaration can be fully realized.Article 29.

(1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of hispersonality is possible.

(2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to suchlimitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition andrespect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements ofmorality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.

(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes andprinciples of the United Nations.

Article 30. Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person

any right to engage in any activity orto perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of therights and freedoms set forth herein.


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International Covenant on Civil and Political RightsAdopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly

resolution 2200A (XXI)of 16 December 1966

Entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 49Preamble

The States Parties to the present Covenant,Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations,recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of thehuman family is the foundation offreedom, justice and peace in the world,Recognizing that these rights derive from the inherent dignity of the human person,Recognizing that, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of freehuman beings enjoying civil and political freedom and freedom from fear and want can only beachieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his civil and political rights, as wellas his economic, social and cultural rights,Considering the obligation of States under the Charter of the United Nations to promote universalrespect for, and observance of, human rights and freedoms,

Realizing that the individual, having duties to other individuals and to the community to which hebelongs, is under a responsibility to strive for the promotion and observance of the rightsrecognized in the present Covenant,Agree upon the following articles:

PART IArticle 11.All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine theirpolitical status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.2. All peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources withoutprejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon theprinciple of mutual benefit, and international law. In no case maya people be deprived of its ownmeans of subsistence.

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