Conferencia José Manuel Torralba
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Transcript of Conferencia José Manuel Torralba
Instituto IMDEA Materiales de la Comunidad de Madrid: una
experiencia innovadora basada en el liderazgo y la atracción de talento
José Manuel TorralbaInstituto IMDEA Materiales, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
IMPOSSIBLE IS NOTHING
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198719962008
4
5
> 1.000 k€> 10 PhD thesis> 80 papers JCR
1987-1995
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> 5.000 k€> 20 PhD tesis> 250 papers JCRHöganäs ChairCentro de excelencia
Proyectos competitivos nacionales
50%
Proyectos CAM8%
NSF3%
Proyectos UE 18%
Empresas21%
2003-2012
IMDEA es una red de organizaciones independientes de investigación, sin animo de lucro, promovidas por el gobierno de la Comunidad de Madrid
MISSION
MISION
- Realizar investigación de excelencia
- Promover la transferencia de tecnología a la industria y mejorar la competitividad
- Atraer talento a la Comunidad de Madrid
Investigación de excelencia
- Publicar en las mejores revistas (non multa sed multum)- Definir progamas de investigación y capacidades - Visibilidad internacional - Referencia en la dirección y tutorización- Liderazgo
Transferencia de tecnología
- Colaboración estratégica con empresas (nacionales y multinacionales)- La colaboración con la industria se basa en proyectos de investigación (que
permita publicar o patentar), no en desarrollo de ingeniería o ensayos. - Las patentes siempre pensando en licenciarlas. - Transferencia de talento a la industria.
Atracción de talento- Crear un ambiente que facilite atraer talento de forma individual de cualquier lugar
del mundo - Jovenes investigadores que quieran formar su grupo de investigación
independiente y con potencial para conseguir una ERC StG- En qué areas queremos ser una referencia internacional?
MISSION
Algunos comentarios- Para que una mesa de tres patas se mantenga estable y plana, las tres
patas tienen que tener la misma longitud. - Para hacer investigación de excelencia, hay que atraer talento. - El gobierno y la sociedad (los políticos) son muy sensibles a la
transferencia de tecnología. - Necesitamos socios industriales para cubrir el presupuesto
(especialmente en la actual situación económica) - Colaboración en equipo vs. metas individuales
La iniciativa IMDEA ha promovido siete institutos independientes en distintas áreas (agua, alimentación, energía, materiales, nanociencia, redes y software).
ORGANIZACION DEL INSTITUTO
PATRONATO
COMITÉ TECNICODirector, Director Adjunto, Gerente,
Director técnico, Groupleaders
CONSEJO DIRECCIONDirector, Director Adjunto, Gerente
COMISION PERMANENTE
COMITE CIENTIFICO
COMITE DE GESTIONGerente, Director Técnico,
Direccion personal
CONSEJO INSTITUTODirector, Director Adjunto, Gerente, Groupleaders, representantes PhD
2 semanas
Mes. 2 semanas
3 meses
El instituto IMDEA Materiales está gobernado por un patronato que incluye (4) representantes de la Comunidad de Madrid, (4) instituciones de investigación (UPM, UCM, UC3M, CSIC), (5) científicos de prestigio internacional y la industria (ITP, Airbus, Gamesa, Alciturri, Antolín)
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Prof. Dr. John E. AllisonUniv. of Michigan. USA
Prof. Dr. Brian CantorUniversity of Bradford. UK
Prof. Dr. Bill Clyne Cambridge University. UK
Prof. Dr. Bill A. CurtinEcole Federale Polytechnique of Lausanne (EPFL). Switzerland
Prof. Dr. Manuel Elices ProfessorUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid. Spain
Prof. Dr. Peter GumbschDirector Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials (IWM)University of Karlsruhe. Germany
Prof. Dr. Yiu-Wing MaiDirector Centre for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT)University of Sydney. Australia
Prof. Dr. Andreas MortensenDirector Institute of MaterialsEcole Federale Polytechnique of Lausanne (EPFL). Switzerland
Dr. Pedro Muñoz-EsquerIndependent Consultant
Prof. Dr. Eugenio OñateDirector CIMNEUniversidad Politécnica de Cataluña. Spain
Prof. Dr. Dierk RaabeDirector Max-Planck Institute for Iron Research (MPIE)RWTH Aachen University. Germany
Dr. Gary Savage Independent Consultant
Prof. Dr. John R. WillisCambridge University. UK
Prof. Dr. Randall M. GermanAssociate Dean of EngineeringSan Diego State University. USA
Prof. Dr. Rodolfo MirandaDirector IMDEA Nanoscience Institute Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Spain
RESEARCH LINESRESEARCH LINES
Tratamos de combinar investigación aplicada (de acuerdo con los intereses a medio plazo de los socios industriales) con investigación fundamental (topicos en la frontrera del conocimiento que nos propicie liderazgo tecnológico a largo plazo).
PERSONNEL
Llamadas internacionales (2007, 2008 & 2010) para reclutar investigadores de plantilla
- Más de 300 solicitudes de 35 países
- Evaluación preliminar del Comité Científico (≈ 10%)
- Selección final después de entrevista
En la actualidad:- 68 investigadores de 15 países: 7 senior, 8 junior, 3 visitantes, 13
postdoctorales, 37 doctorandos.
- 50% de los investigadores extranjeros
- 70% de los doctores hicieron el doctorado fuera de España:España: UPM (4), UPC, UPV, UCM (4), Univ. de Valladolid, Univ. de Zaragoza, …
Europa: Cambridge (2), Max Planck for Iron Research, Delft University of Technology, University of Leoben, Dublin City University, Grenoble INP, …
America: MIT, UC Berkeley, Dayton University, State Univ. Campinas, …
Asia: India Institute of Technology, NIMS Japan, China Central South University, Sichuan University, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Seoul National University, …
RESEARCH GROUPSPhysical Metallurgy
Dr. M. T. Perez-Prado
Physical SimulationDr. I. Sabirov
Computational Alloy Design
Dr. Y. W. Cui
Solid State ProcessingProf. J.M. Torralba
Structural Composites Dr. C. Gonzalez
Design & Simulation Composite Structures
Dr. C. S. Lopes
Multifunctional Nanocomposites
Dr. J. J. Vilatela
Nano-Architectures & Materials Design
Dr. R. Guzmán de Villoria
Multiscale Materials Modeling
Dr. J. Segurado
Mechanics of MaterialsProf. J. LLorca
Theoretical & AppliedMechanics
Prof. P. Ponte-Castañeda
AtomisticMaterials ModelingDr. I. Martín-Bragado
Nanomechanics & Micromechanics
Dr. J. M. Molina
METALES
COMPUESTOS
MO
DEL
IZA
CIÓ
N &
C
AR
AC
TER
IZA
CIO
N
Solidification Processing & EngineeringDr. S. Milenkovic
Polymer Nanocomposites
Dr. D. Y. Wang
RESEARCH PROGRAMS Next generation of Composites
- Low-cost processing of high performance composites (out-of-autoclave, hot-forming, in-situ consolidation of thermoplastics)
- New frontiers of structural performance (high temperature, impact, self-healing, non-conventional lay-up configuration)
- Composites with multifunctional capabilities (fire resistance, electrical and thermal conductivity)
Novel Alloy Design, Processing & Development- Metallic alloys for high temperature
structural applications (Ni/Co, TiAl, NiAl, etc.)
- Light alloys and their composites- Casting, solidification & welding- Optimization of properties by means
of thermo-mechanical treatments
Integrated Computational Materials Engineering- Virtual design, virtual processing
and virtual testing- Multiscale materials modelling
(molecular mechanics, kinetic MonteCarlo, computational thermodynamics, phase-field, finite element, homogenization, etc.)
Nanomaterials & Nanomechanics-Graphene and 2D materials, nanotubes and nanofibers-Nanomaterials for energy generation and storage-Nanomechanics-In situ characterization of materials at the nm and µm scale
SINGULAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES
Carbon Nanotube Fibre Spinning Reactor CVD Reactor to manufacture graphene, 2D materials & nanotubes Processing of structural composites (pultrusion, RTM, infiltration, hot-press) Injection processing of polymer and polymer nanocomposites Directional solidification and casting Thermo-mechanical processing of metallic alloys (Gleeble 3800)
X-ray computer-assisted tomography scanner Dual-beam FIB FEGSEM with EBSD In situ mechanical testing (SEM, AFM, XCT) at high temperature (700ºC)
Fire testing (cone calorimeter, UL94, LOI)
Nanoindentors (up to 750ºC)
High performance computer cluster (232 processors)
RESULTS (2012)
Publications, conferences and patents- 65 articles in SCI Journals: Acta Mater (4), J Mech Phys Solids, Phys Rev Let, Int J Plasticity (2), Carbon (2), Langmuir, Chem Sus Chem, Composites Sci Techno (4), Scripta Mater (2), Metall Mater Trans A (3), etc.
- Organization of 6 international symposia
- 23 plenary/keynote lectures at international Conferences
- 20 invited seminars at universities and research centers (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Oxford University, Cambridge University, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Osaka University, Arizona State University,
- 2 patent submissions, 2 software packages licensed
- 2 PhD theses and 7 MEng theses. 33 PhD theses on going.
Current research projects: 38- 1 regional, 3 national, 15 european, 6 international and 13 industrial
PROYECTOS INVESTIGACION ACTIVOS Structural composites and nanocomposites:
- IMS&CPS (Electrical prop. & fire resistance nanocomposites, EU 7th FP, NMP)
- Fire retardant polymer nanocomposites (Tolsa)
- Development of shields against high velocity impact on A30X fuselage, Airbus)
- SELF HEALING (Self-healing polymer-matrix composites, Acciona)
- Semi-cured processing of structural composites (Airbus)
- NFRP (Nano-Engineered Fiber-Reinforced Polymers, EU 7th FP, People)
- MUFIN (New multifunctional fiber for new multifunctional composites, EU 7th FP)
- MUDATCOM (Damage-tolerant, multifunctional structural composites, MEC)
Integrated Computational Materials Engineering: - MICROMECH (microstructure-based modelling of IN718, EU 7th FP, JTI)
- SIMCREEN (Simulation for screening properties of composites, Airbus)
- VMD (Virtual Materials Design platform, Abengoa Research)
- MODENA (Mutiscale modeling of PU foams, EU 7th FP, NMP)
- ICMEg (Integrated Computational Materials Engineering Network, EU 7th, NMP)
Nanomechanics: - RADINTERFACE (Nanoscale metallic multilayers, EU 7th FP, NMP)
- NANOLAM (Metal-ceramic multilayers, USA-Spain Materials World Network)- HOTNANOMECH (Nanomechanics of strong solids at high temperature, MEC)
Advanced metallic materials: - MAGMAN (Mg-RE alloys, USA-Spain Materials World Network)
- TiAlES (Processing & simulation of TiAl, ITP)
- VANCAST (Casting of superalloy NGV, ERA-Net Matera+, EU 7th FP)
- LIMEDU (Nanostructured Al and Ti by SPD, ERA-Net Matera+, EU 7th FP)
- NEWQP (Advanced high strength steels by QP process, EU, RFCS)
- VINAT (Ti-based nanomaterials, EU 7th FP, NMP)
- EXOMET (Novel liquid processing routes of light alloys, EU 7th FP, NMP)
- NECTAR (Advanced NiAl-based Eutetic Alloys, EU 7th FP, People)
- PILOTMANU (Advanced manufacturing metals & cemets, EU, 7th FP, SME)
PROYECTOS INVESTIGACION ACTIVOS
Materials for electronics: - MasID (Modeling of advanced semiconductor integrated device, Global
Foundries Pte. Ltd., Singapore)
- MASTIC (MonteCarlo simulation of technological crystals, EU, 7th FP, People)
- COMPOSE3 (Compound Semiconductors for 3D integration, EU, 7th FP, ICT)
Materials for energy: - CARINHYPH (Nanocarbon-inorganic hybrids for photocatalysis, EU 7th FP,
NMP)
PROYECTOS INVESTIGACION ACTIVOS
PM steelsIron Base CermetsPowder injection mouldingPM Titanium AlloysAluminium and magnesium matrix compositesIntermetallicsCoatingsSpray pyrolysis
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Ti
Design of new low-cost Ti alloys
Development of full dense PM Ti alloys
•Modification of composition: sustitution of V for Fe•Conventional PM techniques : pressing and sintering
•Consolidation for:•Pressing & SinteringHIP, Hot Pressing •Heat treatments
•Ti-6Al-4V•Ti-3Al-2.5V•Ti-6Al-7Nb
PM Ti alloys
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Ti
Design of new low-cost Ti alloys
Ti(HDH) +
1, 3, 5 7 wt% Fe ASC
1, 3, 5, 7 wt% Fe Carbonyl
Fe-25TiMaster Alloy
a+b
aprimary
Ti-7Fe (carbonyl) alloy sintered at 1300ºC-1h-5ºC/min.
PM Ti alloys
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Comparison among materials
UTS comparable to wrought Ti-6Al-4V
Ingot MetallurgyPowder Metallurgy
PM Ti alloys
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Prealloyed powderTi-6Al-4VHDH
Elemental Ti HDH
Elemental Al Al:V (35:65)
HEM
Al:V (60:40)
Ti64 PA
Ti64 MA
CB
CB: Conventional blendingHEM: High Energy Milling
Master Alloy+
Ti
Development of full dense PM Ti alloys
PM Ti alloys
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Properties of Ti6Al4V alloy obtained from prealloyed powders (PA) and master alloys (MA), sintered at different temperatures.
Comparison to wrought Ti (*)
(*) Guide to Engineered Materials (GEM 2002), Advanced Materials and Processes, Vol. 159, Issue 12, p29-184 December 2001
UTS [MPa]
Ti (grade 4) 550 - 662
Ti-6Al-4V (annealed) 900 - 993
Ti6Al4V alloy from MA powders, sintered at 1250ºC-2h.
PM Ti alloys
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Ti base alloys by PM
Design of alloys
“net-shape” or “near-net shape” technologiesColoidal
processing Ti-6Al-7Nb: 1350°C – 2h
Homogeneous microstructureCompetitive properties (UTS > 900 MPa)
Agomerates of particles and sintered material
PM steelsIron Base CermetsPowder injection mouldingPM Titanium AlloysAluminium and magnesium matrix compositesIntermetallicsCoatingsSpray pyrolysis
Outline
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Preform by uniaxial pressing or CIP
Powder developed by mechanical alloying
SECUENCIA DE FABRICACIÓN
Hot extrusion without canning and degassing
Al matrix composites
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20 m
Al matrix composites
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The side views of the specimens compressed at (a) different temperatures and strain rates to a strain of about 0.8, (b) 200 °C and 0.01 s-1 to the strains of about 1.2 and 1.6.
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The processing maps of AZ91 alloy developed at the strain of 0.1 (up) and 0.5 (down)
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PM steelsIron Base CermetsPowder injection mouldingPM Titanium AlloysAluminium and magnesium matrix compositesIntermetallicsCoatingsSpray pyrolysis
Outline
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Ti4522XD, Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-0.8(%v.) TiB2
II. PM – Prealloyed PowderI. Centrifugal casting (CC):
I.1. CC-blades: I.2. CC- samples: II.1. PM - HIP
+ Heat Treatments
II.2. PM – FAHPField assisted hot pressing
R. Gerling et al: Adv. Eng. Mat, 2004, vol. 6, N. 1-2Access e. V. TechCenter
Intermetallics
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Ti4522XD, Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-0.8(%v.) TiB2
II. PM – Prealloyed Powder
R. Gerling et al: Adv. Eng. Mat, 2004, vol. 6, N. 1-2
Electrode Induction Melting Gas Atomization (EIGA)
Intermetallics
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Inte
nsity
(cou
nts)
Angle (؛)
II.1. PM – Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)
Experimental procedure: Material and Processing
Ti4522XD, Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-0.8(%v.) TiB2
g, a2
a2gg
a2ggg
Heating rate: <10°C/minDwell temperature: 1185°C ±10Dwell pressure: 1720bar ±50Dwell time: 240min ±15Cooling rate: <10°C/minAtmosphere: Argon
HIP conditions:
Intermetallics
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Ti4522XD, Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn-0.8(%v.) TiB2
II.2. PM – FAHP (Field assisted hot pressing)
Nearly lamellar microstructure
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TiAl
Al2O3
Verde Sinterizado
High energy millingCompaction
CIP
SinteringLP
ReactiveVacuum
TiAl + Al2O3 (+ Al Ti2C)• Near full density• Low porosity (avoiding HIP)• 30% - 40% volumen • ‘In situ’ formation of the reinforcement
Mecanizado
TiAl base composites
COATINGS AND SURFACE MODIFICATION
Sol-gel coatings
Surface activity
Electrochemistry activityOxidationBiocompability
Porous coatings
Termochemical coatings
Titanium, 316L stainless steel
Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
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“as prepared” particles Primary particles
MET - 500 ºC
50 nm
Primary particles: < 30 nm
LiFePO4 system
Spray pyrolysis
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¡¡¡GRACIAS P R SU ATENCION!!!
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