UAVs: Understanding Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and Potential Applications
Concepts of UAVs Technology ชยพล...
Transcript of Concepts of UAVs Technology ชยพล...
Concepts of UAVs TechnologyTypes, Applications and Components for mapping
สํานักงานพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีอวกาศและภูมสิารสนเทศ (องค์การมหาชน)Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency (Public Organization)
ชยพล อินอานChayapol INARN, Reseacher, Ph.D. in Automatic Control Bordeaux 1 University, Bordeaux, France
• Introduction
• UAVs type
• UAVs Application Defense
Securities
Civil/Commercial
• HAPs High altitude platform system
• UAVs Components for mapping
Outline
Introduction
Unmanned definition
Terrestrial Unmanned: UGVUnmanned Ground Vehicle
Aerial Unmanned : UAVUnmanned Aerial Vehicle
Surface Unmanned : USVUnmanned Surface Vehicle
Underwater Unmanned : UUVUnmanned Underwater Vehicle
Introduction
History unmanned aircraftUSA: Kettering bug biplane
1918
Germany: V1 radioplan1940-1945
Canada, Britain and West Germany : CL89 1970
IAI: Scout 1970s
France: Crécerelle
1994
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Introduction
Basic Concept
Dull/uncomfor
table
Dirty
Dangerous
Introduction
UAV systems
Operators
Ground Segment
Ground station
Take-off/Landing
Air Segment
Avionic
Payload mission Propulsion
Data link
The Drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)
Ground Station Command and Control
The Data Link
Operator/team
Introduction
Global market UAV
Introduction
Global market UAV con’t
UAVs Type
UAVs Classification-segmentation
By size: Nano, micro, small, medium, large ... By method of flight control: fixed wing, rotary wing, VTOL
(Vertical Take-Off and Landing) ... By altitude: low altitude, medium altitude, high altitude..By level of operation: tactical, operational, strategic .. By Mission: SAR, combat, carrier .. By user: military, commercial, civil By propulsion and engines: propulsion reactor, turboprop
propulsion, electric propulsion motor, propulsion hydrogen, thermal Engine propulsion
UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t
By size: Nano, micro, small, medium, large ...
UAVs category Max Take-off Weight (Kg)
Operation Range
Nano 0.01 approach range
Micro 0.1 approach range
Mini W<25 Close range
Small 25>150 Close range
Medium 150-2000 Short/Medium range
Large W>2000 Long range
UAVs Type
By size: Nano, micro, mini, small, medium, large ...
UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t
50 meter wing span 350-pound airframe HALE 5 years operation
Large
MQ1 predator
MQ9 reaper
ALTI-VTOL
nano
micro
mini
small
medium/short
Medium/medium
UAVs Type
By method of flight control: fixed wing, rotary wing, VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) ...
MQ9 reaper
fixed wing
Exocet
rotary wing
Alti
VTOL
UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t
UAVs Type
By altitude: low altitude, medium altitude, high altitude..
UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t
UAVs Type
high altitude 18Km-30Km
The "Caihong-T 4" (CH-T4), built by the Chinese Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics (CAAA), wingspan of 40 meter weighs between 880 and 1,100 pounds. First near-space flight solar Drone
UAE's Yabhon-R2
Chang Hong 5
medium altitude 5km-18km Reaper
low altitude <5Km
JD.com
By level of operation: tactical, operational, strategic ..
tactical
sub-tactical approach range
operation
combat: X-47 UCAVs
strategic
UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t
UAVs Type
By Mission: SAR, combat, carrier ..
CQ-10 Snow Goose
The U.S. Marine Corps plans to deploy the unmanned K-MAX to Afghanistan in November 2011.
Swiss Post
Titan X8
IAF: Heron
UAVs Type
UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t
X-47 UCAVs
Avenger predator C
By user: military, commercial, civil…..
Orbiter 3b crown jewel
MQ9 ReaperNorthrop Grumman Bat 12
UAVs Type
UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t
By propulsion and engines: jet engine
Jet Engine
Predator C Avenger turbofan engine
UAVs Type
UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t
By propulsion and engines: turboprop propulsion
Predator
UAVs Type
UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t
By propulsion and engines: hydrogen/hybridHydrogen fuel cells/IAI's Bird Eye
Horizon Energy System with electric
BLDC motor
Maximum weight at take-off : 11 kg (24 lbs)
Weight : 9.8 kg (21.605 lbs)
Wingspan : 3 m (10 ft)
Maximum speed : 120 km / h
Cruising speed: 74 km / h (46 mph)
Maximum endurance : 6 h
Operating radius : 20 km (12 mi, 11 nm)
Operating distance : 260 km (162 mi, 140 nm)
Operational ceiling : 4,267 m (13,999 ft)
UAVs Type
UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t
By propulsion and engines: electric propulsion motor
Electric propulsion motor
UAVs Type
UAVs Classification-segmentation con’t
Application Field
DefenseSecuritiesCivil/Commercial
DefenseThe concept of Network centric warfare.
Application Field
Iraqi police build quadcopter “bomber” with DJI matrice 100 drone
DefenseThe UAVs are now essential for general mission defense. Observation Surveillance Reconnaissance Target Designation Air/Ground armed missions SAR: search and rescue Combat supportBefor 2013More 7,000 operationalMore 30 typesNear 2 millions hours of fights
Application Field
Defense Operation level
Operation level ContributionFunction
Loop time UAs types
Strategic Large area surveillance 500x500 KmReconnaissance individuals area4x4 km
Day/hours HALEHighaltitude long endurance
Operative Large area activities surveillance 300x300 Km/Reconnaissance individuals area 4x4 km
A few hours->2 hours
MALEMediumaltitude long endurance
Tactical Short-range surveillance 50x50 Km/Reconnaissance/identifies/ localization/tracking
1-60 minute Tactical-Lowaltitude
Application Field
DefenseOperation level: Combat support mission
Operation Need.
Support for airborne, aerial and aeromaritime operations.
Typical missions.
Target designation
Communication relay
Anti decoy
Improvised Explosive Device
Battle damage assessment
Special operation
Combat-SAR
Artillery support
Cargo lift
Fully Autonomous combat…>
Jamming air defense radar system/ Artillery radar system
Application Field
SecuritiesPossible use of UAs in security operations
Border surveillance.
Monitoring of Maritime.
Meteorology.
Police.
Control immigration.
Help with Cartography.
Detection of forest fires.
Search & Rescue.
Road traffic monitoring.
Control of avalanches.
Surveillance industrial sites.
Wildlife surveillance.
Pollution, ecology.
….
Application Field
SecuritiesMonitoring of Maritime
SAR/ISAR
EO-IR
Satellite AIS
Application Field
SecuritiesDetection of forest fires
Application Field
Civil/Commercial Monitoring of oil pipelines.
Monitoring of gas pipelines.
High voltage: HV Line Verification
Pollution, ecology. Agriculture
Fertilizer and pesticide application: Sprayer
Telecommunications
Aerial photo/Media/Drone journalism.
Industrial site monitoring
Monitoring of private infrastructure
Transport/Delivery
Taxi drone
Wind turbine
Survey/Mapping
Sport
…..
Application Field
Monitoring of gas/oil pipelines: Detect emission, leaks….
Sensors and Data CollectorsCameras: A wide array of digital image collectors are available. Cameras can be programmed to take individual still shots or to record a video. The resolution can vary dramatically.Infrared systems: Spectral detection of heat, resulting in heat maps, with useful information that can be used to identify hot spots, heat loss, geothermal zones, as well as small-source heat generators (animals, people, warm engines).Laser systems: Laser sensors can be used to identify where gases or other elements are causing the light sources to bend, and the refraction can be measured to determine they types of elements / gases that correspond to specific angles or spectral signatures.
High Voltage Line Verification
LIDAR
Thermal
Cameras
Air Pollution, ecology
https://youtu.be/mUyKZt9Ez4c?t=36
Agriculture
Crop Mapping Drone
Precision Agriculture
Multispectral & NDVI SensorGNSS RTK
Fertilizer and pesticide application: Sprayer
6 Axis 10KG 15KG Agricultural Spraying
Telecommunications
Tower InspectionsTelecom-equipped DronesNetwork TestingInternet Drone
The advantage of the UAS is that it can be equipped with several sensors, including a high-resolution recorder,thermal images and even a multispectral camera at more cost-effective prices than traditional methods
Industrial site
• Facilities Inspections• Environment monitoring• Security• Real estate
Mapping/planning• Fire Fighting• SAR• Spotlight
Payload/sensors• IR thermal Camera• FHD camera/Multispectral• Night Vision• First-aid kit
Transport
Shipment and Delivery service
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luc7KkCFKWY
Taxi drone
Shot-Medium < 100 Km range human transport drone
http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/transport/watch-dubai-tests-first-manned-drone-1.1977905
VTOL36 motors 300 Km/h5 personal
Wind turbine
Survey/Mapping
3D :Using technology like orthomosaics,
contour lines and point clouds mosaic
images can be amassed, 3D models can
be created and volumetric calculations can be produced.
Sport
Drone sport: FPV racing drone: First personal viewHover board/bike
Support sport: Follow me feature
UAVs , High altitude platform system: HAPs
• Runs exclusively on solar power,• Flies above the weather and above commercial air traffic,• Endures like a satellite,• Focuses like an aircraft and• Is cheaper than both of them
AirBus.defence Zephyr • Absolute Duration – 336h 22m 8s 14days• Altitude – 21,562m•power in excess of 300W to accommodate for example HD optical, AIS, NIIR, RADAR (2018), LIDAR (2018)..ESM/ELINT (2018,military equipment)•3 orders from UK military
•Maritime & Border surveillance•Environmental surveillance•In-theatre C4ISTAR relay•Missile detection•Navigation•Ad-hoc communication bandwidth•Continuous imagery…
CH-T4 Solar
Google: TITAN
Facebook: Aquila
UAVs Components for mapping
2D Map3D Model
UAVs Components for mapping
The Drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) Ground Station Command and Control with operator The Data Link
Operators
Ground Segment
Ground station
Take-off/Landing
Air Segment
Avionic
Payload mission Propulsion
Data link
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment-EPS: electrical power system-Main body frame-Propulsion-Flight Controller-GPS/GNSS navigation-Telemetry Telecommand & Control-Payloads-Geo-Tagged hardware-Camera Gimbal-Additional sensors
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segmentEPS electrical power system-Power distributer-Flight controller -Motor drive -FPV: first personal video-Sensor power (Voltage & Current)-Gimbal -Redundancy and protection system
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment
EPS electrical power system-Batteries
Batteries-Capacity
-Cell Number-Charger rate-Discharge rate-Life cycle-Operation temperature-Weight-Size-Cost-interface plug
Li-po cell
Specifications:Minimum Capacity: 18000mAhConfiguration: 6S1P / 22.2V / 6CellDischarge Rate: 15CMax Burst discharge Rate: 30CNet Weight(±20g): 2270gDimensions: 205.5mm Length x 94.2mm Width x 79.5mm HeightDischarge Plug: AS150+XT150 plugCharge Plug: XT90
Sanyo NCR18650GA
Hobby king multistar 6S 16Ah
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segmentMain body frameMulti-rotor type
-Flat/Co-axis-plus/X/Y/tri
Frame Materials-Carbone fiber plate/tube-Fiber glass-Aluminum-Plastic
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment
PropulsionPropellerMotorElectronic speed controllers (ESC)
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment
Flight Controller-Professional/Open-source-air frame support-Redundancy sensor 2IMU/3IMU-Multi-Navigation system 2GPS/3GPS-RTK rover integration-Single board computer SBC support orSDK for developer-Support additional sensor-Connectors/plugs/Cable interface-Compatible mission requirement
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segmentFlight Controller-Single board computer SBC support orSDK for developer
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment
Flight Controller-RTK rover integration
Tiny RTK L1 GNSS M8P-02 Base/Rover
pingRX ADS-B Receiver
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment
Flight Controller-Supported additional sensor
-Infrared for sun-sensor -LIDAR/Vision sensor for obstructed avoidance-Ultrasonic/LIDAR sensor for accurate UAV altitude-ADS-B Automatic dependent surveillance – air traffic sense->avoid
Ultrasonic/LIDAR range finder sensor
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment
-Navigation sensor GNSS/IMU
DJI A3 -3GNSS and 3IMU
Pixhawk 2.1 2u-blox M8N GNSS and 3IMU
Receiving Format: GPS,GLONASS,Galileo,BeiDou,QZSS and SBASReceiving Channel:72 Searching ChannelPosition accuracy 2.0 m CEP
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment
-Telemetry Telecommand & Control
Frequency Band application
433/868/900 MHz Telemetry/ tele-command
1.2 GHz Video-FPV
2.4 GHz/3G-4G Telemetry/ tele-command/Video-FPV/radio remote
5.8 GHz Analog/Digital HD Video-FPV/image data
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment
Payloads-Optical (optronic)-Lidar
Capture
compression
formatting
Geo-tagging
Multiplex
Storage
Transmission
Other sensor
Data link
processing/Exploitation
decompression
reformatting
Demulti-plexing
decryption
reception
air
ground
encryption
Payload processing chain
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment
PayloadsOptical (optronic) RGB camera HD
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segmentLIDAR
LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING
-Altimeter (range finder)-Sense-and-Avoid (range finder)-Light imager > mapping
Puck VLP-16 Lidar Sensor
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment
Geo-Tagged hardware
UAVs Components for mapping
Air segment
Camera Gimbal
DJI Zenmuse X5 Camera and 3-Axis Gimbal
UAVs Components for mapping
Ground segment
-Ground control station Computer-Ground control station software-Communication system-GNSS/RTK Base-GNSS/GCP -Operator/team
DGPS survey: GCP
Operator/team
$799
ReachRS RTK basePositioning• Static horizontal: 5 mm + 1 ppm• Static vertical: 10 mm + 2 ppm• Kinematic horizontal: 7 mm + 1 ppm• Kinematic vertical: 14 mm + 2 ppm
GNSS• GPS/QZSS L1, GLONASS G1• BeiDou B1, Galileo E1, SBAS• 72 tracking channels, IMU• 14Hz GPS / 5Hz GNSSData• RTCM3 corrections• NMEA and ERB solution• RINEX logs• 2GB internal storage
Connectivity• 868/915 MHz radio• WiFi (802.11a/b/g/n)• Bluetooth (4.0/2.1 EDR)• USB, RS232, PPS, Event
Software-MP-DJI-UgCS