Concepts 7 Unit B Ppt
-
Upload
guest9cd2256 -
Category
Technology
-
view
624 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Concepts 7 Unit B Ppt
Computer Concepts - Illustrated Computer Concepts - Illustrated Introductory, Seventh EditionIntroductory, Seventh Edition
UNIT B:
Computer Hardware
ObjectivesObjectives
Examine input devices
Review display devices
Compare printers
Introduce storage technology
Compare storage technologies
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
ObjectivesObjectives
Explore hard drive technology
Examine CDs and DVDs
Review solid-state storage
Expand your computer
Talking Points: Why recycle computers?
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Input DevicesExamining Input Devices
Input devices - input information for computer to process
Typical input devices Keyboard and pointing device (mouse)
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Input DevicesExamining Input Devices
Keyboards Most have a similar structure Can be found on PCs, handheld devices
Keyboard includes keys or buttons with letters, numbers, and special words and characters
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Input DevicesExamining Input Devices
Desktop and notebook computer keyboards include Navigation keypad Home, End, arrow keys Used to move screen-based insertion
point (cursor)
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Input DevicesExamining Input Devices
Mouse Pointing device which manipulates an
on-screen pointer and other on-screen controls
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Input DevicesExamining Input Devices
Mouse options - Mechanical mouse
• Position based on movement of ball that rolls on pad
Optical mouse• Uses LED light and computer chip
Laser mouse• Uses laser as light source to track
movement
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Input DevicesExamining Input Devices
Mouse dots per inch (dpi) Higher dpi more sensitive and accurate
Mouse transmits signals one of two ways Wired or Wireless
Most prefer optical or laser Durability Less maintenance Can be used on variety of surfaces
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Input DevicesExamining Input Devices
Other pointing devices Pointing stick or TrackPoint Touchpad or trackpad Trackball Joystick
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining Input DevicesExamining Input Devices
Other input devices Touch screen technology Scanner Microphone
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Display DevicesReviewing Display Devices
Computer display system Main output device
Two key components Graphics card Display device such as monitor or screen
Use one of three technologies CRT, LCD, plasma
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Display DevicesReviewing Display Devices
CRT Monitor(cathode ray tube) used to be standard Big and bulky Not typically sold with new computers
today
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Display DevicesReviewing Display Devices
LCD (liquid crystal display) Produces image by manipulating light
within layer of crystal cells
Advantages include Display clarity Low radiation emission Portability and compactness
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Display DevicesReviewing Display Devices
Plasma Creates on-screen image by illuminating
miniature colored fluorescent lights arrayed in panel-like screen
More expensive than LCD Used more for large screen venues
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Display DevicesReviewing Display Devices
Graphics cards Contain graphics processing units (GPU)
• Circuitry generates signals for displaying image on screen
Amount of available video memory• Key to how fast screen updates when information is
displayed
Typically built into motherboard Sometimes available as small circuit board that
plugs into motherboard
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Display DevicesReviewing Display Devices
Graphics card - key to how images display on monitor Resolution
• Maximum number of horizontal and vertical pixels displayed on screen
Pixel (picture element)• single point or smallest unit in image
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Display DevicesReviewing Display Devices
Comparing Screen Resolution
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Display DevicesReviewing Display Devices
Screen size Measurement in inches from one corner
of screen diagonally to opposite corner Typical monitor sizes
• 13” to 21”• Larger screens exist
Viewing angle width How far to side you can clearly see
screen image
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Display DevicesReviewing Display Devices
Dot pitch (dp) Measure of image clarity Smaller dp means crisper image
Dot pitch - distance in millimeters between like-colored pixels Ranges from .26 mm to .23 mm Not customizable
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Display DevicesReviewing Display Devices
Color depth or bit depth Number of colors monitor and graphics card
can display Most PCs can display millions of colors
Monitors can be used to watch television if proper circuitry is installed NTSC or HDTV circuitry
• Allows PC to accept signals from antenna or cable
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing PrintersComparing Printers
Printers Produce hard copy of computer-generated text
or graphical images• Paper, labels, transparencies
Differ in resolution and speed Most printers use ink-jet or laser
technologies
Specialized applications Impact, solid ink, thermal transfer, dye
sublimationComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing PrintersComparing Printers
Ink-jet printers Sprays ink onto paper to form characters
and graphics Two ink cartridges: Black and color Small, lightweight, inexpensive Cartridges can be expensive and add to
printing costs
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing PrintersComparing Printers
Laser printer Produces dots of light on light sensitive drum to
produce characters and graphics Good high-volume, good quality printing More expensive than ink-jet Color laser printers more expensive than black-
and-white Toner cartridges are expensive, produce more
pages than ink-jet cartridges
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing PrintersComparing Printers
Photo printers Use thermal dye Slower output speeds than other
printers Produce professional-quality images on
specialized papers Cost of replacement cartridges should
be considered
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing PrintersComparing Printers
Printer resolution Density of grid of dots that create image Measured in dpi (dots per inch)
• At reading distance, 900 dpi looks solid• Good-quality printers are rated 2400 to 4800
dpi• Magazine quality printouts are about 900 dpi• Expensive coffee-table books are
comparable to 2400 dpi or higher
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing PrintersComparing Printers
Pages per minute (ppm)• Measurement of printer speed• Color usually takes longer to print than
black-and-white• Text prints faster than heavy graphics• Most printers for personal or small business
print 15 to 30 ppm
Memory capacity• More memory needed to print color and
graphics• Laser printers: Between 64 MB and 120 MB
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing PrintersComparing Printers
Duplex printer Can print both sides of paper
Duty cycle Proportion of time during which device is
operated Usually measured in pages per month Higher duty cycle means shorter useful
life
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing PrintersComparing Printers
Computer connected to network can share printer with other computers on network
Network-enabled printer Connects directly to network, not single
computer Network connection can be wired or
wireless
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Storage TechnologyIntroducing Storage Technology
Storage technology Data storage systems that allow
electronic devices to store and retrieve data
Data storage consists of storage medium and storage device
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Storage TechnologyIntroducing Storage Technology
Storage medium Hard drive, tape, memory card, CD,
DVD or other technology that holds data
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Storage TechnologyIntroducing Storage Technology
Storage device Equipment that stores and retrieves data from
storage medium Hard drives, card readers, tape drives, CD and DVD
drives, flash drives, solid-state drives, Zip drives
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Storage TechnologyIntroducing Storage Technology
Hard drive Computers come with internal hard drive Can’t be moved from one computer to another Provide fast data access
Some storage devices are more dependable than others CDs, DVDs
Flash drives and external hard drives Can be moved from computer to computer
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Storage TechnologyIntroducing Storage Technology
RAM (random access memory) Temporary holding area for your work
and programs needed to produce your work
RAM - emptied when computer shuts off Data easily lost
• Store data on storage medium, not as likely to lose work
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Storage TechnologyIntroducing Storage Technology
Drive bays Storage “parking spaces”
• In system unit case• Used to connect storage devices to computer
Internal or external
When buying computer, find out: How many drive bays it has What storage devices can be connected
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Introducing Storage TechnologyIntroducing Storage Technology
Drive bays
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Storage TechnologiesComparing Storage Technologies
Random vs. sequential access Random (direct) access
• Ability to jump directly to requested data• Hard drive, solid-state drive, CD and DVD
drives
Sequential access• Must read through data from beginning to
end• Tape drive• Slower
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Storage TechnologiesComparing Storage Technologies
Access time Average time it takes computer to locate
and read data Measured in milliseconds
Data transfer rate Amount of data that can be moved from
storage medium to computer per second
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Storage TechnologiesComparing Storage Technologies
Storage capacity Maximum amount of data that can be
stored on storage medium• Measured in kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB),
gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)
Graphics need more storage capacity than text
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Storage TechnologiesComparing Storage Technologies
Magnetic storage Magnetizes microscopic particles on disk or
tape surface Particle patterns are interpreted as 0s and 1s Provides flexibility for editing data and reusing
storage medium
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Storage TechnologiesComparing Storage Technologies
Magnetic media No very durable Eventually loses magnetic field Damaged by magnetic fields, dust, mold,
smoke, heat, mechanical problems
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Storage TechnologiesComparing Storage Technologies
Optical storage Stores data as light and dark spots on surface of
disk Light patterns are interpreted as 1s and 0s Advantages:
• Portable• Quite versatile• Less susceptible
to environmental damage
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Storage TechnologiesComparing Storage Technologies
Solid-state storage Stores data in nonvolatile, erasable, low-
power chip Drive has no moving parts Very durable, portable, versatile Capacity does not currently match that of
hard drives
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Comparing Storage TechnologiesComparing Storage Technologies
Why Versatility? Important working with other people and
other computers Store data and share with others using
same storage medium
Why Durability? Determines ability of device or media to last
so data remains accessible Important for traveling and carrying files
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Exploring Hard Drive TechnologyExploring Hard Drive Technology
Hard drives preferred type of main storageThree main reasons
• Storage capacity• Fast access• Economical
– 40 MG of storage costs about a penny
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Exploring Hard Drive TechnologyExploring Hard Drive Technology
Parts of hard drive One or more platters on spindle with
associated read-write heads
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Exploring Hard Drive TechnologyExploring Hard Drive Technology
Hard drives found in wide variety of digital devices
Physical size of hard drive varies depending on size of device
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Exploring Hard Drive TechnologyExploring Hard Drive Technology
Factors that determine how fast data can be made available Access time (measures in milliseconds) Rotation speed (measured in revolutions
per minute)
Hard drive platters with data are divided into tracks and sectors Cylinder
• Vertical stack of tracks
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Exploring Hard Drive TechnologyExploring Hard Drive Technology
Controller Circuit board that positions disk, locates
data, and interfaces with components on system board
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Hard drive showing
Controller card
Exploring Hard Drive TechnologyExploring Hard Drive Technology
Adding second hard drive increases storage, provides backup Data available on only one drive at a time
Hard drives Not as durable as many other storage
technologies Head crash can be caused by particles as small
as piece of dust Handle and transport with care Always have backup copies of hard drive
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining CDs and DVDsExamining CDs and DVDs
CDs and DVDs can be used to store data CD (compact disc) DVD (digital video disc or digital versatile
disc)
Three optical digital technologies Read-only (ROM) Recordable Rewritable
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining CDs and DVDsExamining CDs and DVDs
CD-ROM Read-only technology
CD-R Recordable technology
CD-RW Rewritable technology
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining CDs and DVDsExamining CDs and DVDs
DVD-R and DVD+R Recordable DVD formats
DVD-RW and DVD+RW Rewritable formats
Why so many? One standard has not emerged as
industry leader
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining CDs and DVDsExamining CDs and DVDs
Computer CD-ROM or DVD-ROM Discs cannot have data added, erased,
or changed
To record data one or more times Need recordable media (one time use) Rewritable (multiple session use) discs
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining CDs and DVDsExamining CDs and DVDs
Good idea to have CD or DVD drive Create music CDs or DVDs CD drives can’t read DVDs Most DVDs can read DVDs or CDs
Several types of CD and DVD drives Can be used for different purposes
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining CDs and DVDsExamining CDs and DVDs
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
CD or DVD Drive Capabilities
Examining CDs and DVDsExamining CDs and DVDs
Rewritable CD and DVD drives Not acceptable replacement for hard
drive Saving, accessing, modifying data is
much slower Capacity is inadequate when compared
to hard drives
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining CDs and DVDsExamining CDs and DVDs
CD and DVD drives use laser technology to read data
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining CDs and DVDsExamining CDs and DVDs
Make your own CDs Need proper hardware, media
CD-R or DVD-R Must put all data on disc in one session
Rewritable technology Can record in multiple sessions
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Examining CDs and DVDsExamining CDs and DVDs
Handling CDs and DVDs
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Solid-State StorageReviewing Solid-State Storage
Solid-state storage Portable and durable Provides fast data access Uses very little power Used in consumer devices
• Digital cameras, MP3 players, notebooks, PDAs, cell phones
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Solid-State StorageReviewing Solid-State Storage
Solid-state storage suitable for many needs Can hold hundreds of photos Store MP3 files Portable computing
Data can be erased so card can be reused
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Solid-State StorageReviewing Solid-State Storage
How does it work? Nonvolatile, erasable, low-power chip
stores data Circuitry arranged in grid
• Each cell holding transistors that act as gates• Open gates represent 1, closed represents 0
Chip retains data without external power
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Solid-State StorageReviewing Solid-State Storage
Several types of solid-state memory cards CompactFlash cards (CF) MultiMedia cards (MMC) SecureDigital cards (SD) SmartMedia cards
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Solid-State StorageReviewing Solid-State Storage
Card reader Transfers data to and from computer Can stand alone, or be part of system
unit
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Reviewing Solid-State StorageReviewing Solid-State Storage
USB flash drive Portable storage device with built-in
connector that plugs into USB port Small and durable Can be carried on key ring
U3 drive or U3 smart drive Special USB flash drive
preconfigured to play automatically when connected to computer
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Expanding Your ComputerExpanding Your Computer
Expanding Increase / improve capabilities of
computer Add peripherals
• Scanners, mouse, cameras, graphics tablets, etc.
Add or upgrade sound cards, video cards, etc.
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Expanding Your ComputerExpanding Your Computer
Most peripherals can be added using external USB port
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Expanding Your ComputerExpanding Your Computer
Expansion cards can be added / upgraded to enhance functionality Graphics card Modem card Sound card Network card
Also called expansion boards, controller cards, or adapters
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Expanding Your ComputerExpanding Your Computer
An expansion card Small circuit board that provides
computer ability to control input, storage, or output devices
Data bus Circuits over which data travels from one
component to another
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Expanding Your ComputerExpanding Your Computer
Expansion bus Segment of data bus between RAM and
peripheral devices Allows data to travel through expansion slots,
cards, ports, and cables
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Expanding Your ComputerExpanding Your Computer
Expansion slot Long, narrow socket on motherboard into which
expansion card is plugged
PCMCIA slot External expansion slot for PC
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Expanding Your ComputerExpanding Your Computer
Expansion ports Connectors that
pass data in and out of computer or peripheral device
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Expanding Your ComputerExpanding Your Computer
Device driver Software that sets up communication
between computer and device or card Each device or card needs one Directions supplied with device or card
includes instructions for installing device driver
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Talking Points:Talking Points:Why recycle computers?Why recycle computers?
500 million computers were obsolete by 2007
About 1 billion floppy discs, CDs, and DVDs end up in landfills every year
Computer parts contain toxins like lead, phosphorous, and mercury Monitors can contain up to six pounds of
leadComputer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition
Talking Points:Talking Points:Why recycle computers?Why recycle computers?
Instead of throwing away Sell it Donate it to school, church, or
community program Have it hauled away by professional
recycling firm Send it back to manufacturer
Computer Concepts – Illustrated Introductory, Seventh Edition