Compost Production in Europe

European Compost Network ECN e.V. Stefanie Siebert

info@compostnetwork.info

Session: Benefits of compost and carbon on soils

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Outline

▪ European Compost Network

▪ European Bio-Waste Management

▪ Separate collection and bio-waste management

▪ Compost production and Markets in Europe

▪ EU Circular Economy

▪ Waste Legislation

▪ EU Fertilising Product Regulation

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European Compost Network

ECN’s Vision

“Living well within the limited

resources of the planet respecting

the organic cycle”

▪ ECN is the leading European membership organization

▪ Promoting sustainable recycling practices of organic resources: composting,

anaerobic digestion…63 members from 27 European countries

48 M tpa treatment capacities

4.500 treatment plants (composting & AD)

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European Compost Network

1. FAVOURABLE LEGAL FRAMEWORK – EUROPEAN POLICY

Achieve an EU legal framework

2. MARKET DEVELOPMENT

Achieve favorable market conditions across Europe

3. IMPLEMENTING QUALITY ASSURANCE SCHEMES

Achieve Europe wide implementation quality assurance schemes with

ECN-QAS as a benchmark

ECN’s objectives for the separate collection, biological treatment,

production & use of quality compost and digestate :

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European Compost Network - Work Structure

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European Compost Network – ECN Board

ECN Board 2019

▪ Kristel Vandenbroek (BE, VLACO) - Chair

▪ Massimo Centemero (IT, Italian Composting Council, CIC) – Vice Chair

▪ Irmgard Leifert (DE, BGK) - Treasurer

▪ Justine Faure (FR, Réseau Compost Plus)

▪ Susana Lopes (Lipor, Portugal)

▪ Domantas Tracevicius (LT, Biastra plius Ltd.)

▪ Tomasz Wojciechowski (PL, GWDA)

▪ Alin Murariu, (RO, Romanian Compost Association)

▪ Jens Måge, (NO, Avfall Norge)

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State on Bio-Waste Management in Europe

ECN Status Report 2019

European Bio-Waste Management

Overview of bio-waste collection,

treatment & markets across Europe

▪ Published by ECN, supported by

ISWA WG BTW

▪ Data reporting results from 18

European countries

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State on Bio-Waste Management in Europe

4274Composting & AD bio-waste

processing plants

47,5 million tonnesbio-waste composted / digested

Source: ECN Status Report 2019, based on data from 18 European countries * AT, BE, CH, DE, EE, FI, FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, NL, NO, PL, PT, SE, SI, UK

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State on Bio-Waste Management in Europe

Source: ECN Status Report 2019, based on data from 18 European countries * AT, BE, CH, DE, EE, FI, FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, NL, NO, PL, PT, SE, SI, UK

Number of bio-waste treatment facilities in each country

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State on Bio-Waste Management in Europe

Source: ECN Status Report 2019, based on data from 18 European countries * AT, BE, CH, DE, EE, FI, FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, NL, NO, PL, PT, SE, SI, UK

Countries ranked according to the total quantity of bio-waste treated per annum

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Compost and Digestate Production

Source: ECN Status Report 2019, based on data from 18 European countries * AT, BE, CH, DE, EE, FI, FR, HU, IE, IT, LT, NL, NO, PL, PT, SE, SI, UK

15.8 Mio. Tonnes of Compost and Digestate

if spread at 30 t/ha this should cover 528.000 hectares of land which results in

0.7% of the total arable land across all 18 countries.

➢ 1.5 % of Total Inorganic Nitrogen*

➢ 4.3 % of Total Inorganic Phosphorus** consumed in 18 countries in 2016

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Source: ECN Status Report 2019

Compost Typical Composition (% dry matter)

Digestate typical composition (% dry matter)

Compost & Digestate – Nutrients and Organic Matter

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Carbon Recycling with Compost

Source: ECN Status Report 2019

11,7 Mio. tonnes of compost (fresh matter basis)

➢ 3,5 Mio. tonnes of organic matter (dry matter

basis)

1 tonne of fresh compost = 300 kg organic matter

Application of 30 tonnes per hectare of fresh

compost

➢ 9 tonnes of organic matter is added to the soil

Compost can play an important role in maintaining

and increasing the soil organic matter!

Source: https://esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ApplicationAndServicesThis map of predicted distribution of SOC content in Europe (2016) are based on aggregated 23,835 soil samples collected from the LUCAS Project (samples from agricultural soil), BioSoil Project (samples from forest soil), and Soil Transformations in European Catchments (SoilTrEC) Project (samples from local soil data coming from five different critical zone observatories (CZOs) in Europe)

Soil organic matter in Europe

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Benefits of Carbon Recycling with Compost

Source: ECN Status Report 2019

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European Compost Markets

Source: ECN Status Report 2019

50%

15%

14%

15%

6%

Agriculture

Growing media

Hobby gardening

Landscaping

Other

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Objectives

• Reduction of waste production in Europe

• Promoting recycling

• Saving primary resources

➢ Revision of the Waste Framework Directive and Landfill Directive

▪ Status: Adopted and implementation in Member States

• Establishing of markets for secondary products

➢ Revision of the EU Fertilising Regulation –

▪ Status: Adopted and implementation in Member States

The EU Circular Economy

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Status on MSW Management in Europe 2016

26%

1% 1% 1% 1% 3%9% 12%

18%23% 24% 26%

30%

42% 44%49%

53% 54% 55% 55%

67%68% 73%

81% 81% 82% 82%

93%

3%

67%

27%

32%

51%44%

53%47%

39%

59%

48% 34%

32%

18%

35% 21%

18%13%

21%18% 14% 12% 12%

3%

11%

3%

47%

53%

4%30%

48%

32%

34%

27%

25%

26%

25%

28%

28%27%

46%22%

26%

31%

26%

16%

26%26%

23%17%

19%21%

8% 13% 16%16% 6%

7%

32%

26%

21%

17% 18% 16%19% 19%

27%31%

4%

12%20%

16%

8%

17% 18%

6%

16% 14%

4% 6%10%

16%10%

5% 7% 5% 4% 2%7%

21%17%

9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Landfill Waste-to-Energy Recycling Composting* : 2014 data (most recent data available)**: 2012 data (most recent data available) Source: EUROSTAT 2017

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FINAL ADOPTED TEXT May 201765% recycling of municipal waste by 2035Mandatory separate collection of bio-

waste by 2023Ban on MBT by 2027Maxiumum 10% landfill of MSW by 2035

WFD

65% recycling of municipal waste by

2035

WFD

Mandatory separate collection of bio-waste by

2023

WFD

Ban on MBT by 2027

LD

Maximum 10% landfill of MSW by 2035

Main elements related to bio-waste of the revised

Waste Framework Directive (WFD) and

Landfill Directive (LD)

EU Circular Economy - Waste Legislation

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Source: EU COM/DG ENV 2018: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/target_review.htm

EU Recycling targets for MSW

Circular Economy - Waste Legislation

▪ 5-year extension for countries with a low starting point

• 11 MS: EE, EL, HR, CY, LV, LT, HU, MT, RO, SK, BG

• Implementation + interim targets

▪ Single calculation method• Harmonised definition of

municipal waste• Reporting input to recycling

▪ High Quality recycling of biowaste

• Counting only separately collected and recycled bio-waste as of 2027

45%

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• Mandatory separate collection of bio-waste or separated at source by 31 Dec.

2023 (§22)

• MBT will no longer count towards recycling targets as of 1/1/2027(§11a (4a))

Calculation rules for municipal bio-waste separated and recycled at source

CE- WFD - Implementation decision on WFD

Input - Removed fraction Recycled material

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EU Fertilising Product Regulation

Commission proposal COM(2016)157 final, published 17 March 2016

Objectives

▪ Boosting organic matter (biowaste) recycling from biowaste within CEP

▪ Integration of organic fertilising products into the scope of the NFR

▪ Introducing harmonised EU rules for products diverting from organic waste

materials

▪ Creating access to CE marking and free trade for organic fertilising products

across EU

▪ Optional Harmonisation, free choice to opt for compliance with national rules

for fertilising products restricted to national markets or CE marked fertilisers

with unrestricetd access to EU market

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CMC 3 CompostCMC 5 Digestates otherthan from energy crops

Exhaustive list ofComponentMaterials

Categories CMC (11)• Quality

• Safety

• …

Exhaustive list of Product Function Categories

PFC (7)• Quality

• Safety

• Declaration

• …

Conformity assessment procedure related to ‘CMC/PFC’ combination

• Modul A - D1

• Declaration of conformity

PFC 1 A. Organic fertiliserPFC 3 A. Organic Soil ImproverPFC 4 Growing MediaPFC 7 Fertilising Products Blends

Modul D.1 Quality Assurance ofProcess and Products

Structure of the EU Fertilising Product Proposal

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Fertiliser Regulation - Quality assurance

Quality Assurance is a pre-condition for placing compost- or digestate-based

fertilising products on the European Market

▪ External control of the quality assurance system by an accredited

notified body

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Further information

ECN Homepage:

www.compostnetwork.info

▪ ECN Status Report

▪ Factsheets

▪ ECN E_Bulletin

▪ Country reports

▪ ECN-QAS Manual