Community Organizing Participatory & Action

7/31/2019 Community Organizing Participatory & Action

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COMMUNITYORGANIZINGPARTICIPATORY & ACTIONRESEARCH

Rhenier S. Ilado RN


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CONCEPTOF COMMUNITY

COMMUNITY - a social group determined by geographic

boundaries and/or common values and interests.

Its members know and interact with each other.

It functions within a particular social structure and exhibits andcreates norms, values and social institutions


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CLASSIFICATION:

1. Urban high density, a socially heterogeneous population and

a complex structure, non-agricultural occupations; characterizedby complex interpersonal social relations

2. Rural usually small and the occupation of the people isusually farming, fishing and food gathering

- it is peopled by simple folk characterized by primary grouprelations, well knit and having a high degree of group feeling

3. Rurban


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CLIENTSINTHE COMMUNITY:

1. Individual the PHN deals with individuals sick or well on a

daily basis, these are the people who consult at the healthcenter and receive health services such as prenatal supervision,well-child follow-ups and morbidity services

2. Family it is a very important social institution that performs

two major functions reproduction and socialization. It is considered as the basic unit of care in community health

nursing for many reasons


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3. Population Groupor aggregate is a group of people who

share common characteristics, developmental factors andconsequently common health problems.

4. Community is a group of people sharing common

geographic boundaries and/or common values and interests


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CHARACTERISTICS:

1. it is defined by its geographical boundaries within certain

identifiable characteristics

2. it is made of institutions organized into a social system with theinstitutions and organizations linked in a complex network

having a formal and informal power structure and acommunication system

3. a common or shared interest that binds the members together

exists


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4. it has an area with fluid boundaries within which a problem can

be identified and solved

5. it has a population aggregate concept


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CHARACTERISTICSOFAHEALTHY COMMUNITY:

1. Prompts its members to have a high degree of awareness that

We are community

2. Uses its natural resources while taking steps to conserve themfor future generations

3. Openly recognizes the existence of subgroups and welcomestheir participation in community affairs

4. Is prepared to meet crises


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5. Is a problem solving community; it identifies, analyzes and

organizes to meet its own needs

6. Has open channels of communication that allows information toflow among all subgroups of its citizens in all directions

7. Seeks to make each of its systems resources available to all

members of the community


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8. Has legitimate and effective ways to settle disputes and meet

needs that arise within the community

9. Encourage maximum citizen participation in decision-making

10. Promotes a high level wellness among all its members


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COMPONENTSOFA COMMUNITY:

1. The Core represents the people that make up the community

included in the community CORE are the demographics of thepopulation as well as the values, beliefs and history of thepeople


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2. Subsystems

a. Housing includes the presence and adequacy of housingfacilities available in the community

- also includes laws/regulations governing the people

b. Education include laws, regulations, facilities, activitiesaffecting education, ratio of health educators to learners,distribution of educational facilities


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c. Fire and Safety includes fire protection facilities and fire

prevention activities, distribution of these

d. Politics and Government political structures present in thecommunity, decision-making process/pattern leadership style

observed

e. Health health facilities and activities, distribution, utilization,ratio of providers to clientele served, priorities in health,


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f. Communication systems, types of communication existing,

forms of communication, be it formal or informal

g. Economics occupation, types of economic activities, incomeetc

h. Recreation recreational activities/facilities, types, consumers,appropriateness to consumers etc


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APPROACHES TO COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT:

1. Welfare Approach

The immediate response to ameliorate the manifestation ofpoverty, especially on the personal level

Assumes that poverty is god-given, destined, hence the poorshould accept their condition since they will receive their just

reward in heaven

believes that poverty is caused by bad luck, natural disastersand certain circumstances which are beyond the control ofpeople


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2. Modernization Approach/Project Development Approach

Also referred to as the project development approach introduces whatever resources are lacking in a given community

Also considered a national strategy which adopts the western mode oftechnological development

assumes that development consist of abandoning the traditionalmethods of doing things and must adopt the technology of industrialcountries

believes that poverty is due to lack of education, lack of resourcessuch as capital and technology


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3. Transformatory/Participatory Approach

The process of empowering/ transforming the poor and theoppressed sectors of society so that they can pursue more justand humane society

Assumes that poverty is not god-given, rather it is rooted in thehistorical past and is maintained by the oppressive structures insociety

believes that poverty is caused by prevalence of exploitation,oppression, domination and other unjust structures


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COMMUNITY ORGANIZING PARTICIPATORY AND ACTIONRESEARCH (COPAR)Definitions:

a social development approachthat aims to transfer apathetic,individualistic, and voiceless poor dynamic, participatory andpolitically responsive community

a collective, participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained andsystematic process of building people organizationsby mobilizing andenhancing the capability and resources of the people for theresolution of their issues and concerns towards affecting change inthe existing oppressive and exploitative conditions

b hi h it id tifi it d d


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a process by which a community identifies its needs andobjectives, develops confidence to take action in respect inthem and in doing so, extends and develops cooperative andcollaborative attitudes and practices in the community

a continuous and sustained process of educating the peopletounderstand and develop their critical awareness of their existingconditions, working with people collectively and efficiently ontheir immediate and long-term problems, and mobilizing the

people to develop their capability and readiness to respond andtake action on their immediate needs toward solving their long-term problems

I COPAR


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IMPORTANCEOF COPAR:

COPAR is an important tool for community development and people

empowerment as this:1. Helps the community workers to generate community participation in

development activities.

2. COPAR prepares people/clients to eventually take over the

management of developments programs in the future.

3. COPAR maximizes community participation and involvement;

4. Community resources are mobilized for community services.

P COPAR


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PRINCIPLESOF COPAR

People, especially the most oppressed, exploited and deprived

sectors are open to change, have the capability to change, andare able to bring about change.

COPAR should be based on the interests of the poorest sector

of society.

COPAR should lead to a self-reliant community and society.


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PROCESSES/ METHODSUSED

A PROGRESSIVE CYCLE OF ACTION-REFLECTION-

ACTIONwhich begins with small, local and concrete issuesidentified by the people and the evaluation and reflection of anon the action taken by them.

CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING though experiential learningcentral to the COPAR process because it places emphasis onlearning that emerges from concrete action and which enrichessucceeding action.

COPAR IS PARTICIPATORY AND MASS BASED b it i


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COPAR IS PARTICIPATORY AND MASS-BASEDbecause it isprimarily directed towards and biased in favor of the poor, thepowerless and the oppressed.

COPAR is GROUP-CENTERED AND NOT LEADER-ORIENTED. Leaders are identified, emerge and are testedthough action rather than appointed or selected by someexternal force or entity.

PHASES OF COPAR PROCESS


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PHASESOF COPAR PROCESS:

1. Pre-entry phase

is the initial phase of the organizing process where thecommunity/organizer looks for communities to serve/help

it is considered the simplest phase in terms of actual outputs,activities and strategies and time spent for it

activities include: designing a plan for community development, including all its activities and

strategies for care/development

designing criteria for the selection of site

actually selecting the site for community care

ACTIVITIES


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ACTIVITIES:

1. Preparation of the Institution

a. Train faculty and students in COPAR.

Formulate plans for institutionalizing COPAR.

Revise/enrich curriculum and immersion program.

2. Site Selection

Initial networking with local government.

Conduct preliminary special investigation.

Make long/short list of potential communities.

3 Formulating Criteria for Initial Site Selection


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3. Formulating Criteria for Initial Site Selection

Must have a population of 100-200 families.

Economically depressed.

No strong resistance from the community. No serious peace and order problem.

No similar group or organization holding the same program.

4. Identifying Potential Municipalities

Make long/short list.

5 Identifying Potential Barangay


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5. Identifying Potential Barangay

Do the same process as in selecting municipality.

Consult key informants and residents.

Coordinate with local government and NGOs for futureactivities.

6. Choosing Final Barangay

Conduct informal interviews with community residents and key

informants. Determine the need of the program in the community.

Pay courtesy call to community leaders.

Choose foster families based on guidelines.

7 Identifying Host Family


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7. Identifying Host Family

House is strategically located in the community.

Should not belong to the rich segment.

Respected by both formal and informal leaders. Neighbors are not hesitant to enter the house.

No member of the host family should be moving out in thecommunity

2 ENTRY PHASE


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2. ENTRYPHASE sometimes called the Social Preparation Phaseas it the activities done

here includes the sensitization of the people on the critical events in their life,motivating them to share their dreams and ideas on how to manage theirconcerns and eventually mobilizing them to take collective action on these.

This phase signals the actual entry of the community worker/organizer intocommunity. She must be guided by the following guidelines:

a. Recognize the role of local authorities by paying them visits to informthem of their presence and activities.

b. her appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keepingwith their with those of community residents without disregard of their beingrole models

c. Avoid raising consciousness of the community residential adopt alow-key profile.


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ACTIVITIESINTHEENTRYPHASE

A. establishment of links with leaders and agencies; give formal recognition ofthe role of local authorities by paying them a visit to inform them of the

activities to be done

B. Immersion:Selecting/living in a host family to acquire a deeperunderstanding of the objective conditions of the community

a. Integration with the Community-establishing rapport with the people

in continuing effort to imbibe community life by living with them andundergoing the same experiences and sharing their hopes

Example:

seek out to converse with people where they usually congregate

lend a hand in household chores

avoid gambling and drinking

conducting house to house visit

participating in community activities

C Information Dissemination of Selected program


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C. Information Dissemination of Selected program

Discussions during house to house visits

Small group discussions/focus group discussions

Purok meetings and community assemblies

D. Social Investigation/Community Study- verification andenrichment of data collected from initial survey

conduct baseline survey/information by students, results relayedthrough community assembly


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3 ORGANIZING BUILDING PHASE


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3. ORGANIZING-BUILDINGPHASE

Entails the formation of more formal structures and the inclusionof more formal procedures of planning, implementing, and

evaluating community-wide activities.

It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups arebeing given training (formal, informal, OJT) to develop their task

in managing their own concerns/programs.


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4. SUSTENANCEANDSTRENGTHENINGPHASE

Occurs when the community organization has already beenestablished and the community members are already actively

participating in community-wide undertakings. At this point, thedifferent committees set-up in the organization-building phase arealready expected to be functioning by way of planning,implementing and evaluating their own programs, with the overallguidance from the community-wide organization.

Strategies used may include: Education and training

Networking and linkaging

conduction of mobilization on health and development concerns

developing secondary leaders


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CRITICAL STEPS (ACTIVITIESINBUILDINGPEOPLESORGANIZATION)1. Integration

a community organizer becoming one with the people inorder to: immerse himself in the poor community

understand deeply the culture, economy, leaders, history, rhythms and life stylein the community

methods of integration includes: participation in direct production activities of the people

conduct of house to house visits

Participation in activities like birthdays, fiestas etc.

Conversing with people where they usually gather such as in stores, water

wells, washing streams, or in church yards. Helping out in household chores like cooking, washing the dishes, etc.

2. Social Investigation


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Soc a est gat o

a systematic process of collecting, collating, analyzing data to drawa clear picture of the community

also known as the community study

pointes for the conduct of social investigation: use of survey questionnaires is discouraged

Community leaders can be trained to initially assist the community worker/organizer in doing S.I.

Data can be more effectively and efficiently collected though informal methods(house to house visits, participating in conversations in jeepneys and others.

Secondary data should be thoroughly examined because much of the informationmight already be available

S.I is facilitated if the CO/community worker is properly integrated and has acquiredthe trust of the people.

Confirmation and validation of community data should be done regularly.

3. Tentative Program Planning


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3. Tentative Program Planning

CO to choose one issue to work on in order to beginorganizing the people

4. Groundwork Going around and motivating the people on a one on one

basis to do something on the issue that has been chosen.

5. The Meeting People collectively ratifying what they have already decided

individually. The meeting gives the people the collectivepower and confidence, problems and issues are discussed.

6. Role Play


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y

Means to act out the meeting that will take place between theleaders of he people and the government representatives.

It is a way of training the people to anticipate what will happen and

prepare themselves or such eventuality.

7. Mobilization or Action

Actual experience of he people in confronting the powerful and theactual exercise of people power.

8. Evaluation

The people reviewing the steps 1-7 so as to determine whetherthey were successful or not in their objectives

9. Organization


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9. Organization

The peoples organization is the result of many successive

and similar actions of the people.

A final organizational structure is set up with elected officesand supporting members


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Community Organizing Participatory & Action

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