Community ChoicesCommunity Choices::

Hamilton County, OHHamilton County, OH

TodayToday’’s Topicss Topics

Why OKI has to consider land use in Why OKI has to consider land use in transportation planning transportation planning OKIOKI’’ss Strategic Regional Policy PlanStrategic Regional Policy PlanRegional and County TrendsRegional and County TrendsCommunity Choices: Altering the TrendCommunity Choices: Altering the Trend

Tools and TechniquesTools and TechniquesQuestionsQuestions

On the HorizonOn the Horizon……Transportation Costs vs. RevenuesTransportation Costs vs. Revenues

Transportation Needs Shortfall

3.23.33.43.53.6

2010 2020 2030

Long Range Plan Year

Bill

ion

$

Federal Transportation LawFederal Transportation Law

ISTEAISTEAIntermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (1991) (1991)

TEATEA--2121Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998)(1998)

SAFETEASAFETEA--LULUSafe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005)(2005)

Land Use CommissionLand Use Commission’’s s Mission StatementMission Statement

““Through open dialogue and Through open dialogue and communication with decision makers communication with decision makers and the public, the OKI Commission on and the public, the OKI Commission on Land Use shall develop a strategic Land Use shall develop a strategic regional plan which encourages land use regional plan which encourages land use patterns that promote multimodal travel patterns that promote multimodal travel and the efficient use of land, natural and the efficient use of land, natural resources, and public facilities and resources, and public facilities and services.services.””2010 Transportation Plan, OKI2010 Transportation Plan, OKI

Land Use Commission Land Use Commission ResearchResearch

Existing Land Use Existing Zoning

Transportation and Transportation and Land UseLand Use

Making the connectionMaking the connection

Strategic Regional Policy Plan Strategic Regional Policy Plan PurposePurpose

To bring about more consistency between To bring about more consistency between local land use planning and regional local land use planning and regional transportation planning, so that scarce tax transportation planning, so that scarce tax dollars can be used for maximum benefit.dollars can be used for maximum benefit.

Two Recurring ThemesTwo Recurring Themes

The importance of effective local The importance of effective local comprehensive plans.comprehensive plans.

We canWe can’’t continue to afford the t continue to afford the current trends.current trends.

TrendsTrends

Percent Population Change Between 1970 and 2000

-8.7

-0.1

17.0

47.1

56.7

85.2

86.6

162.1

-20.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0

Hamilton County, OH

OK

I Cou

ntie

s

Percent

Population ChangePopulation ChangeOKI Region,1970OKI Region,1970--20002000

-13.6

11.8

17.8

21.9

32.1

37.7

113.6

119.4

-30.0 -10.0 10.0 30.0 50.0 70.0 90.0 110.0 130.0

Percent

Hamilton County, OH

Kenton County, KY

Dearborn County, IN

Campbell County, KY

Butler County, OH

Clermont County, OH

Warren County, OH

Boone County, KY

Projected Percent Change Between 2000 and 2030Projected Population Change, OKI Region, 2000Projected Population Change, OKI Region, 2000--20302030

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Suburban Population vs. Total Suburban Population vs. Total PopulationPopulation

Percent Population Increase

30%

17%

010203040

Total Population Increase Suburban PopulationIncrease

Perc

enta

ge

1970-2000

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

925,

944

876,

203

866,

228

845,

303

806,

652

807,

560

771,

540

730,

570

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2020 2030Total Population

PopulationHamilton County, OH

Population & Population ProjectionsPopulation & Population ProjectionsHamilton County 1970Hamilton County 1970--20302030

4%-1%

-4%-6%

-6%-6%

-7%-7%

-7%-7%

-7%-7%-7%-7%

-8%-8%-8%

-8%-8%

-8%-8%

-9%-9%-9%

-9%

-10% -8% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6%

1

Elmwood Place village Ham OhioCheviot city Ham OhioReading city Ham OhioSilverton city Ham OhioLockland village Ham OhioGreenhills village Ham OhioWoodlawn village Ham OhioSt. Bernard city Ham OhioCleves village Ham OhioNorwood city Ham OhioMount Healthy city Ham OhioLincoln Heights village Ham OhioNorth College Hill city Ham OhioForest Park city Ham OhioSpringdale city Ham OhioCincinnati city Ham OhioEvendale village Ham OhioMadeira city Ham OhioWyoming city Ham OhioDeer Park city Ham OhioBlue Ash city Ham OhioTerrace Park village Ham OhioThe Village of Indian Hill city Ham OhioMontgomery city Ham OhioHarrison city Ham Ohio

Population Change 2000Population Change 2000--20052005Hamilton County CitiesHamilton County Cities

14%

6%

3%

3%

2%

1%

1%

0%

-1%

-2%

-4%

-5%

-10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15%

1

.Anderson township Hamilton County

.Columbia township Hamilton County

.Symmes township Hamilton County

.Sycamore township Hamilton County

.Springfield township Hamilton County

.Delhi township Hamilton County

.Whitewater township Hamilton County

.Crosby township Hamilton County

.Colerain township Hamilton County

.Green township Hamilton County

.Harrison township Hamilton County

.Miami township Hamilton County

Population Change 2000Population Change 2000--20052005Hamilton County TownshipsHamilton County Townships

Population Pyramid- 1980-2000

75 to 84 years85 years and over

65 to 74 years60 to 64 years55 to 59 years

45 to 54 years

35 to 44 years25 to 34 years

20 to 24 years15 to 19 years

10 to 14 years5 to 9 yearsUnder 5 years

300,000 200,000 100,000 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000

Population

Age

Coh

ort

Census 2000

Census 1980

Population PyramidPopulation PyramidOKI Region 1980 & 2000OKI Region 1980 & 2000

Population Pyramid Hamilton County 1980-2000

75 to 84 years

85 years and over

65 to 74 years

60 to 64 years

55 to 59 years

45 to 54 years

35 to 44 years

25 to 34 years

20 to 24 years

15 to 19 years

10 to 14 years5 to 9 years

Under 5 years

200,000 100,000 0 100,000 200,000Population

Age

Coh

ort

Census 2000

Census 1980

Population PyramidPopulation PyramidHamilton County 1980 & 2000Hamilton County 1980 & 2000

Regional Development TrendRegional Development TrendSingleSingle--Family Family

Detached Detached Homes PreferredHomes Preferred

Trend has resulted in a 27% decrease in population density

-

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

1.60

Per A

cre

HamiltonCounty

KentonCounty

Butler County CampbellCounty

ClermontCounty

WarrenCounty

Boone County DearbornCounty

County

Residential Density - OKI CountiesDwelling Unit per Acre

Residential Density Residential Density –– OKI CountiesOKI CountiesDwelling Unit per AcreDwelling Unit per Acre

Average Travel Time to Work

24.4 23.9 22.9 23.0

28.2

23.0 24.1

30.5

-

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

Boone County,Kentucky

CampbellCounty,

Kentucky

Kenton County,Kentucky

DearbornCounty, Indiana

Butler County,Ohio

ClermontCounty, Ohio

HamiltonCounty, Ohio

Warren County,Ohio

County

Perc

ent

Minutes per Person

Average Travel Time to Work By CountyAverage Travel Time to Work By County

Work Counties of Hamilton Work Counties of Hamilton County Residents, 1970County Residents, 1970--20002000

OKI Residence Counties of Hamilton OKI Residence Counties of Hamilton County Workers, 1970County Workers, 1970--20002000

Means of TransportationMeans of TransportationMeans of Transportation to Work

Hamilton County, OH 1990

77%

11%

6%

3%

1%

2%

Drove aloneCarpooledPublic transportation:Bicycled or WalkedOther meansWorked at home

Means of Transportation to Work Hamilton County, OH

2000

82%

10%

5%

0%

0%

3%

Drove aloneCarpooledPublic TransportationWalked or BicycledOther meansWorked at home

Public Facilities and ServicesPublic Facilities and ServicesThe construction of public The construction of public facilities can facilitate facilities can facilitate premature or poorly premature or poorly planned development planned development Are public facilities Are public facilities necessary to maintain necessary to maintain adequate levels of adequate levels of service available when service available when the impacts of the impacts of development occur?development occur?

The timing, location and The timing, location and cost of water, sewer and cost of water, sewer and road facilities have a road facilities have a significant impact on land significant impact on land use patternsuse patternsThe density and intensity The density and intensity of land development is of land development is influenced by the influenced by the availability and adequacy availability and adequacy of these services. of these services. It costs more to retrofit or It costs more to retrofit or expand infrastructure expand infrastructure than to provide it for well than to provide it for well planned neighborhoods planned neighborhoods as they develop. as they develop.

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

1970 1980 1990 2000

Finance, insurance, and real estate Government and government enterprises Manufacturing Retail trade Services

Employment by IndustryEmployment by IndustryHamilton County 1970Hamilton County 1970--20002000

The Big The Big Picture(sPicture(s))

Existing Land Use Existing Zoning

Community Choices…helping communities decidehelping communities decide

Altering the TrendAltering the Trend

Tools and TechniquesTools and Techniques

Recent Planning ActivitiesRecent Planning ActivitiesHamilton County First Suburbs Hamilton County First Suburbs Consortium Consortium Hamilton County Project ImpactHamilton County Project ImpactEastern Corridor Land Use Vision PlanEastern Corridor Land Use Vision PlanState of the County Reports State of the County Reports Planning PartnershipPlanning PartnershipVarious Comprehensive Plan UpdatesVarious Comprehensive Plan UpdatesWestern Hamilton County Transportation Western Hamilton County Transportation StudyStudyUptown Transportation Study Uptown Transportation Study Brownfield RedevelopmentBrownfield RedevelopmentMill Creek Watershed CouncilMill Creek Watershed CouncilLAND of Hamilton CountyLAND of Hamilton County

Planning IssuesPlanning IssuesLong Range PlanningLong Range PlanningLinking plans to capital Linking plans to capital budgeting budgeting –– funding for funding for infrastructureinfrastructureEconomic developmentEconomic developmentPopulation and job lossPopulation and job lossRevitalization and Revitalization and RedevelopmentRedevelopmentThe role of government in The role of government in developmentdevelopment

Successful Successful Comprehensive PlansComprehensive Plans“If you don't know where you are

going, you will wind up somewhere else.”

~Yogi Berra

Value of a Comprehensive Plan:Provides for residential densities & commercial Provides for residential densities & commercial intensities.intensities.Provides for timing and location of development & Provides for timing and location of development & redevelopment redevelopment -- Timing matters!Timing matters!Helps avoid lawsuits by providing a basis for Helps avoid lawsuits by providing a basis for zoning.zoning.Vehicle for intergovernmental coordination. Vehicle for intergovernmental coordination. Helps determine local infrastructure deficiencies & Helps determine local infrastructure deficiencies & future needs future needs –– is a vehicle to track various levels is a vehicle to track various levels of service.of service.Ties planning to capital budgeting.Ties planning to capital budgeting.Can save money for jurisdiction and region.Can save money for jurisdiction and region.Potential for five points in OKI transportation Potential for five points in OKI transportation prioritization process.prioritization process.

Transportation ElementTransportation ElementHousing ElementHousing ElementPublic Facilities and Services ElementPublic Facilities and Services ElementNatural Systems ElementNatural Systems ElementEconomic Development ElementEconomic Development ElementIntergovernmental Coordination ElementIntergovernmental Coordination ElementCapital Improvements ElementCapital Improvements ElementFuture Land Use ElementFuture Land Use Element

Comprehensive Plan ContentsComprehensive Plan Contents

Public Input

Process Design

Data Collection/Inventory

Analysis of Trends

Goals, Objectives, Policies

Level of Service, as approp.

Implementation

Monitoring and Evaluation

“Nothing is particularly hard

if you divide it into small jobs.”

~Henry Ford

Level of Service StandardsLevel of Service Standards

Vital component of different elements Vital component of different elements Establishes a mechanism to ensure that Establishes a mechanism to ensure that public facilities are in place when impact of public facilities are in place when impact of future development occursfuture development occursConditions development orders or permits Conditions development orders or permits upon the availability of public facilitiesupon the availability of public facilitiesPhase developments or phase construction Phase developments or phase construction of public facilitiesof public facilities

Goals, Objectives and PoliciesGoals, Objectives and Policies

Goals:Goals: long term visionlong term vision

Objectives:Objectives: intermediate qualitative intermediate qualitative directiondirection

Policies: Policies: measurable shortmeasurable short--term actionsterm actions

Intergovernmental Coordination Intergovernmental Coordination ElementElement

Identifies adjacent governments, school boards, independent special districts, regional planning agencies, state agencies and others and methods for coordination.

Identifies incompatibilities with adjacent governments’ or regional and state agency plans.

Strengthen coordination efforts with neighboring governments and agencies.

Capital Improvements Capital Improvements ElementElement

Links planning to capital Links planning to capital budgetingbudgeting

Identifies future capital Identifies future capital projects based on identified projects based on identified needs of other needs of other comprehensive plan comprehensive plan elementselements

Addresses what, where, Addresses what, where, when, and costwhen, and cost

Land Use ElementLand Use ElementIdentifies trends, deficiencies, & future needsBrings together the goals, objectives and policies of the other plan elementsDepicts them on a map

Model Plan GuidelinesModel Plan Guidelines

Elements of an Effective Elements of an Effective Local Comprehensive Plan Local Comprehensive Plan

Minimum Elements of a Minimum Elements of a Local Comprehensive Plan Local Comprehensive Plan (Summary) (Summary)

Making the Most of Limited Making the Most of Limited Taxpayer Dollars Taxpayer Dollars

OKIOKI’’s Transportation Prioritization s Transportation Prioritization ProcessProcess

The Transportation Improvement Program The Transportation Improvement Program is the shortis the short--range portion of the regionrange portion of the region’’s s Long Range Transportation Plan.Long Range Transportation Plan.

The TIP is a program of publicly funded The TIP is a program of publicly funded transportation improvements for the OKI transportation improvements for the OKI region.region.

OKI produces the TIP on a biennial basis, OKI produces the TIP on a biennial basis, each edition covers a period of four years. each edition covers a period of four years.

Evaluation ProcessEvaluation ProcessProjects separated Projects separated —— highway & transit highway & transit Projects scored for Projects scored for TransportationTransportation FactorsFactors(separate highway & transit factors)(separate highway & transit factors)Projects scored for Projects scored for PlanningPlanning FactorsFactorsTransportation Factors & Planning Factors Transportation Factors & Planning Factors totaled; rudimentary Benefit/Cost Analysis totaled; rudimentary Benefit/Cost Analysis completed.completed.Considered factors also include safety, LOS, Considered factors also include safety, LOS, environmental justice, matching local funds, environmental justice, matching local funds, travel modes travel modes and now……

OKIOKI’’s Transportation Prioritization s Transportation Prioritization ProcessProcess

A New Land Use Conformance FactorA New Land Use Conformance FactorIs the project consistent with (further and Is the project consistent with (further and implement) the jurisdictions comprehensive implement) the jurisdictions comprehensive plan?plan?

5 points - Land Use Consistent--comprehensive plan complete & current 3 points - Conformance Consistent--comprehensive plan needs improvement 0 points - Inconsistent--no comprehensive plan

Sample Ordinances Sample Ordinances & Resource Documents& Resource Documents

Access ManagementAccess ManagementAdequate Public FacilitiesAdequate Public FacilitiesConservation Conservation SubdivisionsSubdivisionsDesign StandardsDesign StandardsFloodplainsFloodplainsFiscal ImpactsFiscal ImpactsForestryForestryGreen BuildingGreen BuildingLiveLive--Work DevelopmentWork DevelopmentLow Impact DevelopmentLow Impact Development

Traditional Neighborhood Traditional Neighborhood DevelopmentDevelopmentMixed Income HousingMixed Income HousingTransitTransitWorkforce HousingWorkforce HousingFreightFreightFirst SuburbsFirst SuburbsFarmlandFarmlandStormwater ManagementStormwater Management

……and moreand more

Community Choices:Community Choices: Example Example Ordinances Ordinances

Adequate Public FacilitiesAdequate Public FacilitiesInfillInfillConnectivityConnectivityTransit Friendly DevelopmentTransit Friendly DevelopmentBicycle and Pedestrian ConnectionsBicycle and Pedestrian ConnectionsCorridor RedevelopmentCorridor RedevelopmentMixed Use DevelopmentMixed Use DevelopmentLarge Scale RetailLarge Scale Retail

Fiscal Impact Analysis ModelFiscal Impact Analysis ModelMeasure the fiscal impact of a Measure the fiscal impact of a development or a land use scenario on the development or a land use scenario on the costs and revenuescosts and revenues of the governmental of the governmental unit(s) serving the development.unit(s) serving the development.Useful for analyzing the Useful for analyzing the financial financial implicationsimplications of alternative land use plans, of alternative land use plans, small area plans, large annexations, buildsmall area plans, large annexations, build--out scenarios, large rezoning and planned out scenarios, large rezoning and planned unit developments.unit developments.

Fiscal Impact Analysis ModelFiscal Impact Analysis ModelFloridaFlorida’’s models model

Compares fiscal implications of alternative Compares fiscal implications of alternative land use scenarios. land use scenarios. Estimates cost/revenue associated with land Estimates cost/revenue associated with land use decisions. use decisions. Focuses on a variety of public facilities and Focuses on a variety of public facilities and services.services.Is locationIs location--sensitive.sensitive.Provides linkage between land use decision Provides linkage between land use decision making and local budgets.making and local budgets.

Summary of ToolsSummary of Tools

Transportation Prioritization Process Transportation Prioritization Process ––Land Use Conformance FactorLand Use Conformance FactorModel Plan GuidelinesModel Plan GuidelinesSample Ordinances & Resource Sample Ordinances & Resource DocumentsDocumentsExample OrdinancesExample OrdinancesFiscal Impact Analysis ModelFiscal Impact Analysis Model

Analysis Models Analysis Models

Other Scenario ModelsOther Scenario ModelsCITYgreeniTreeCommunityVizINDEXArcGIS Network Analyst

OKI GISOKI GIS--Based Visualization Based Visualization Tools Tools

GIS/3D Fly ThroughGIS/3D Fly Through3D Visualization 3D Visualization Traffic SimulationTraffic Simulation

Contact Info Contact Info Bill MillerRegional Planning Managerbmiller@oki.org

Jane WittkeSenior Plannerjwittke@oki.org

OKI Regional Council of Governments720 East Pete Rose Way – Suite 420Cincinnati, OH 45202513-621-6300www.oki.org

Larisa SimsSenior Plannerlsims@oki.org