CommunicationsCommunications

The Importance of Good SkillsThe Importance of Good Skills

Communications and Communications and Interpersonal RelationshipsInterpersonal Relationships

Vehicle for establishing a Vehicle for establishing a therapeutic relationshiptherapeutic relationship

Means of influencing the Means of influencing the behavior of another to lead to behavior of another to lead to successful outcomessuccessful outcomes

Levels of CommunicationLevels of Communication

IntrapersonalIntrapersonal InterpersonalInterpersonal TranspersonalTranspersonal Small groupsSmall groups PublicPublic

Elements of CommunicationElements of Communication

ReferentReferent Sender and receiverSender and receiver MessagesMessages ChannelsChannels FeedbackFeedback Variables of interpersonal Variables of interpersonal

communication communication EnvironmentEnvironment

Forms of CommunicationForms of Communication

VerbalVerbal NonverbalNonverbal SymbolicSymbolic MetacommunicationMetacommunication

Verbal CommunicationVerbal Communication

VocabularyVocabulary Indicated meaning ( by signs or Indicated meaning ( by signs or

symbols or implicated meaningsymbols or implicated meaning Timing/pacingTiming/pacing Tone of voiceTone of voice Clarity/brevityClarity/brevity RelevanceRelevance

Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal Communication

Personal appearancePersonal appearance PosturePosture ExpressionsExpressions Eye contactEye contact GesturesGestures Personal spacePersonal space

Personal SpacePersonal Space

Intimate zone: 0-18 in.Intimate zone: 0-18 in. Personal zone: 18-4 feetPersonal zone: 18-4 feet Social zone: 4-12 feetSocial zone: 4-12 feet Public zone: 12 feet and morePublic zone: 12 feet and more

Professional RelationshipsProfessional Relationships

Nurse ClientNurse Client Nurse familyNurse family Nurse healthcare teamNurse healthcare team Nurse communityNurse community

Professional CommunicationsProfessional Communications

CourteousCourteous RespectRespect Confidentiality and privacyConfidentiality and privacy TrustTrust Autonomy and responsibilityAutonomy and responsibility AssertiveAssertive

Communication in the Nursing Communication in the Nursing ProcessProcess

AssessmentAssessment

* Physical/emotional * Physical/emotional factorsfactors

* Developmental factors* Developmental factors

* Sociocultural factors* Sociocultural factors

* Gender* Gender

Communication in the Nursing Communication in the Nursing ProcessProcess

Nursing DiagnosisNursing Diagnosis• Impaired verbal communicationsImpaired verbal communications• AnxietyAnxiety• Social isolationSocial isolation• Ineffective copingIneffective coping• PowerlessnessPowerlessness

Nursing Process cont.Nursing Process cont.

PlanningPlanning

*Goals and outcomes*Goals and outcomes

*Priorities*Priorities

*Continuity of care*Continuity of care

Nursing ProcessNursing Process

ImplementationImplementation

Use of therapeutic communication Use of therapeutic communication techniquestechniques

Therapeutic Communication Therapeutic Communication TechniquesTechniques

Active listening: SOLERActive listening: SOLER Sharing observationsSharing observations Sharing empathySharing empathy Sharing hopeSharing hope Sharing humorSharing humor Sharing feelingsSharing feelings

Techniques cont.Techniques cont.

TouchTouch SilenceSilence Providing informationProviding information ClarifyingClarifying FocusingFocusing ParaphrasingParaphrasing

TechniquesTechniques

Ask relevant questionsAsk relevant questions SummarizeSummarize Self-disclosureSelf-disclosure Confronting issues in a Confronting issues in a

professional and helpful professional and helpful mannermanner

Nontherapeutic Communication Nontherapeutic Communication TechniquesTechniques

Personal questionsPersonal questions Personal opinionsPersonal opinions Changing the subjectChanging the subject Automatic responsesAutomatic responses False reassurancesFalse reassurances Sympathy not empathySympathy not empathy

NontherapeuticNontherapeutic

Asking for explanationsAsking for explanations Giving judgments: approval or Giving judgments: approval or

disapprovaldisapproval DefensivenessDefensiveness ArguingArguing

The Nursing ProcessThe Nursing Process

ImplementationImplementation

Adapt communication techniques Adapt communication techniques for clients with special needsfor clients with special needs

I.e.. hearing impaired, stroke I.e.. hearing impaired, stroke victims, clients with a victims, clients with a tracheotomytracheotomy

The Nursing ProcessThe Nursing Process

EvaluationEvaluation

Communication patternCommunication pattern

Process recordingsProcess recordings