Commonly Used Formulas for MS Excel

8/13/2019 Commonly Used Formulas for MS Excel

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Examples of commonly used formulas for MS Excel

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Summary functions for data analysis

Summary functions are used in automatic subtotals, data consolidations, andPivotTable and PivotChart reports. In PivotTable and PivotChart reports, thefollowing summary functions are available for all types of source dataexcept

O!P.

Function Summarizes

Sum The sum of the values. This is the default function for numericdata.

Count The number of data values. The Count summary functionwor"s the same as the CO#$T! wor"sheet function. Count isthe default function for data other than numbers.

!verage The average of the values.

%ax The largest value.

%in The smallest value.

Product The product of the values.

Count $ums The number of data values that are numbers. The Count$ums summary function wor"s the same as the CO#$Twor"sheet function.

Std&ev !n estimate of the standard deviation of a population, wherethe sample is a subset of the entire population.

Std&evp The standard deviation of a population, where the populationis all of the data to be summari'ed.

(ar !n estimate of the variance of a population, where the sampleis a subset of the entire population.

(arp The variance of a population, where the population is all of thedata to be summari'ed.

SUM



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!dds all the numbers in a range of cells.

Syntax

SUM )number1,number*, ...+

$umber, number*, ... are to - arguments for which you want the total value or sum.

Remarks

$umbers, logical values, and text representations of numbers that you type directly intothe list of arguments are counted. See the first and second examples following.

If an argument is an array or reference, only numbers in that array or reference arecounted. /mpty cells, logical values, text, or error values in the array or reference areignored. See the third example following.

!rguments that are error values or text that cannot be translated into numbers causeerrors.

Example

The example may be easier to understand if you copy it to a blan" wor"sheet.

0ow1

. Create a blan" wor"boo" or wor"sheet.*. Select the example in the 0elp topic. &o not select the row or column headers.-. Press CT23C.4. In the wor"sheet, select cell !, and press CT23(.5. To switch between viewing the results and viewing the formulas that return the results,

press CT236 )grave accent+, or on the Toolsmenu, point to Formula Auditing, andthen clic" Formula Auditing Mode.

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A

$ata

75

5

-

85

T2#/Formula $escription %Result&

9S#%)-, *+ !dds - and * )5+

9S#%):5:, 5,T2#/+

!dds 5, 5 and , because the text values are translated into numbers,and the logical value T2#/ is translated into the number )*+

9S#%)!*;!4+ !dds the first three numbers in the column above )4+

9S#%)!*;!4, 5+ !dds the first three numbers in the column above, and 5 )55+



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9S#%)!5,!


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. Create a blan" wor"boo" or wor"sheet.*. Select the example in the 0elp topic. &o not select the row or column headers.-. Press CT23C.

4. In the wor"sheet, select cell !, and press CT23(.5. To switch between viewing the results and viewing the formulas that return the results,


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2

!

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A (

)roperty *alue +ommission

, A,

*, 4,

-, *,

4, *B,

Formula $escription %Result&

9S#%I?)!*;!5,:@


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5 %I$

< P2OCT

A ST&/(

B ST&/(P

E S#% (!2

(!2P

2ef, ref*, are to *E ranges or references for which you want the subtotal.

Remarks

If there are other subtotals within ref, ref*,F )or nested subtotals+, these nestedsubtotals are ignored to avoid double counting.

S#=TOT! will ignore any hidden rows that result from a list being filtered. This is

important when you want to subtotal only the visible data that results from a list that youhave filtered. If any of the references are -7& references, S#=TOT! returns the G(!#/H error value.

Example


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$ata

*

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*-




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9S#=TOT!)E,!*;!5+ Subtotal of the column above using the S#% function )--+

9S#=TOT!),!*;!5+ Subtotal of the column above using the !(/2!/ function )A5.A5+

Increase or decrease a number by a percentage

#se the formulas below to do these tas"s.

Workseet e!ample


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. Create a blan" wor"boo" or wor"sheet.

*. Select the example in the 0elp topic. &o not select the row or column headers.-. Press CT23C.4. In the wor"sheet, select cell !, and press CT23(.5. To switch between viewing the results and viewing the formulas that return the results,


1

2

A (

0umber )ercent 'ncrease

*- -


9!*J)35+ Increases number in !* by 5 )*4.5+

9!*J)3=*+ Increase number in !* by the percent value in =*; - )*-.


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!rray>x is the first array or range of values.

!rray>y is the second array or range of values.

Remarks

The arguments should be either numbers or names, arrays, or references that containnumbers.

If an array or reference argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, thosevalues are ignoredM however, cells with the value 'ero are included.

If array>x and array>y have a different number of values, S#%D*%N* returns the G$!error value.

The eLuation for the sum of the difference of sLuares is;

Example


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press CT236 )grave accent+, or on the Toolsmenu, point to Formula Auditing, and

then clic" Formula Auditing Mode.

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First array Second array

* array contains no values, ?2/#/$CN returns an array of 'eros.

=ins>array is an array of or reference to intervals into which you want to group the values in

data>array. If bins>array contains no values, ?2/#/$CN returns the number of elements indata>array.

Remarks

?2/#/$CN is entered as an array formula after you select a range of adUacent cellsinto which you want the returned distribution to appear.

The number of elements in the returned array is one more than the number of elementsin bins>array. The extra element in the returned array returns the count of any values



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above the highest interval. ?or example, when counting three ranges of values )intervals+that are entered into three cells, be sure to enter ?2/#/$CN into four cells for theresults. The extra cell returns the number of values in data>array that are greater thanthe third interval value.

?2/#/$CN ignores blan" cells and text.

?ormulas that return arrays must be entered as array formulas.

Example

This example assumes all test scores are integers.


0ow1

. Create a blan" wor"boo" or wor"sheet.*. Select the example in the 0elp topic. &o not select the row or column headers.

-. Press CT23C.4. In the wor"sheet, select cell !, and press CT23(.5. To switch between viewing the results and viewing the formulas that return the results,


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1;

A (

Scores (ins

AE A

B5 AE

AB BE

B5

5

B

E5

BB

EA


9?2/#/$CN)!*;!,=*;=5+ $umber of scores less than or eLual to A )+

$umber of scores in the bin A7AE )*+

$umber of scores in the bin B7BE )4+

$umber of scores greater than or eLual to E )*+

0ote The formula in the example must be entered as an array formula. !fter copying theexample to a blan" wor"sheet, select the range !-;!< starting with the formula cell. Press ?*,



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and then press CT23S0I?T3/$T/2. If the formula is not entered as an array formula, thesingle result is .

%ount numbers greater tan or less tan a number

#se the CO#$TI? function to do this tas".

Workseet e!ample


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12

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3

A (

Salesperson 'n8oice

=uchanan 5,

=uchanan E,

Suyama B,

Suyama *,

=uchanan 5,

&odsworth **,5


9CO#$TI?)=*;=A,:@E:+ $umbers above E )-+

9CO#$TI?)=*;=A,:V9E:+ $umbers less than or eLual to E )-+

ST'(+,A

Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population given as arguments, including textand logical values. The standard deviation is a measure of how widely values are dispersed fromthe average value )the mean+.



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Syntax

ST$E*)A )8alue1,value*,...+

(alue, value*, ... are to - values corresponding to a population. Nou can also use a singlearray or a reference to an array instead of arguments separated by commas.

Remarks

ST&/(P! assumes that its arguments are the entire population. If your data representsa sample of the population, you must compute the standard deviation using ST&/(!.

!rguments that contain T2#/ evaluate as M arguments that contain text or ?!S/evaluate as )'ero+. If the calculation must not include text or logical values, use theST&/(P wor"sheet function instead.

?or large sample si'es, ST&/(! and ST&/(P! return approximately eLual values.

The standard deviation is calculated using the :biased: or :n: method.

STDEVPA uses the following formula:

Example


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. Create a blan" wor"boo" or wor"sheet.*. Select the example in the 0elp topic. &o not select the row or column headers.-. Press CT23C.4. In the wor"sheet, select cell !, and press CT23(.

5. To switch between viewing the results and viewing the formulas that return the results,press CT236 )grave accent+, or on the Toolsmenu, point to Formula Auditing, andthen clic" Formula Auditing Mode.

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2

!

"#

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Strengt6

-45

-

-


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11

*EE


9ST&/(P!)!*;!+ Standard deviation of brea"ing strength, assuming only tools areproduced )*


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If any argument is not a valid date, $/TKO2W&!NS returns the G(!#/H error value.

Example


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$ate $escription

*B Start date of proUect

-*E /nd date of proUect

*


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+,U0T(-A0= )range+

2ange is the range from which you want to count the blan" cells.

Remark

Cells with formulas that return :: )empty text+ are also counted. Cells with 'ero values are notcounted.

Example


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$ata $ata

< 9I?)=4V-,::,=4+

*A

4 -4


9CO#$T=!$W)!*;=5+ Counts empty cells in the range above. The formula returnsempty text. )4+

%O))(L



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2eturns the correlation coefficient of the array and array* cell ranges. #se the correlationcoefficient to determine the relationship between two properties. ?or example, you can examinethe relationship between a location8s average temperature and the use of air conditioners.

Syntax

+,RRE- )array1, array2+

!rray is a cell range of values.

!rray* is a second cell range of values.

Remarks

The arguments must be numbers, or they must be names, arrays, or references thatcontain numbers.

If an array or reference argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, thosevalues are ignoredM however, cells with the value 'ero are included.

If array and array* have a different number of data points, CO22/ returns the G$!error value.

If either array or array* is empty, or if s )the standard deviation+ of their values eLuals'ero, CO22/ returns the G&I(H error value.

The eLuation for the correlation coefficient is;

where;

and;

Example


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4. In the wor"sheet, select cell !, and press CT23(.5. To switch between viewing the results and viewing the formulas that return the results,press CT236 )grave accent+, or on the Toolsmenu, point to Formula Auditing, andthen clic" Formula Auditing Mode.



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$ata1 $ata2

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* A

4 *5 5

< A


9CO22/)!*;!


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! 9!2/!S)=*;&4 =*+ $umber of areas in the range )+

'(LTA

Tests whether two values are eLual. 2eturns if number 9 number*M returns otherwise. #sethis function to filter a set of values. ?or example, by summing several &/T! functions youcalculate the count of eLual pairs. This function is also "nown as the Wronec"er &elta function.

If this function is not available, and returns the G$!%/1 error, install and load the !nalysisToolPa" add7in.

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. On the Toolsmenu, clic" Add


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1

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9&/T!)5, 4+ Chec"s whether 5 eLuals 4 )+

9&/T!)5, 5+ Chec"s whether 5 eLuals 5 )+

9&/T!).5, + Chec"s whether .5 eLuals )+

IF

2eturns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to T2#/ and another value if it evaluatesto ?!S/.

#se I? to conduct conditional tests on values and formulas.

Syntax

'F )logical/test, 8alue/i./true, value>if>false+

ogical>test is any value or expression that can be evaluated to T2#/ or ?!S/. ?or example,!9 is a logical expressionM if the value in cell ! is eLual to , the expression evaluatesto T2#/. Otherwise, the expression evaluates to ?!S/. This argument can use any comparisoncalculation operator.

(alue>if>true is the value that is returned if logical>test is T2#/. ?or example, if this argumentis the text string :Kithin budget: and the logical>test argument evaluates to T2#/, then the I?function displays the text :Kithin budget:. If logical>test is T2#/ and value>if>true is blan", thisargument returns )'ero+. To display the word T2#/, use the logical value T2#/ for thisargument. (alue>if>true can be another formula.

(alue>if>false is the value that is returned if logical>test is ?!S/. ?or example, if this argumentis the text string :Over budget: and the logical>test argument evaluates to ?!S/, then the I?function displays the text :Over budget:. If logical>test is ?!S/ and value>if>false is omitted,)that is, after value>if>true, there is no comma+, then the logical value ?!S/ is returned. Iflogical>test is ?!S/ and value>if>false is blan" )that is, after value>if>true, there is a commafollowed by the closing parenthesis+, then the value )'ero+ is returned. (alue>if>false can beanother formula.

Remarks

#p to seven I? functions can be nested as value>if>true and value>if>false arguments toconstruct more elaborate tests. See the last of the following examples.

Khen the value>if>true and value>if>false arguments are evaluated, I? returns the valuereturned by those statements.

If any of the arguments to I? are arrays, every element of the array is evaluated when theI? statement is carried out.



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%icrosoft /xcel provides additional functions that can be used to analy'e your databased on a condition. ?or example, to count the number of occurrences of a string of textor a number within a range of cells, use the CO#$TI? wor"sheet function. To calculate asum based on a string of text or a number within a range, use the S#%I? wor"sheetfunction. earn about calculating a value based on a condition.

Example 1


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1

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A$ata

5


9I?)!*V9,:Kithinbudget:,:Over budget:+

If the number above is less than or eLual to , thenthe formula displays :Kithin budget:. Otherwise, thefunction displays :Over budget: )Kithin budget+

9I?)!*9,S#%)=5;=5+,::+ If the number above is , then the range =5;=5 iscalculated. Otherwise, empty text )::+ is returned )+

Example 2




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0ow1




1

2

!

A (

Actual Expenses )redicted Expenses

5 E

5 E

5 E*5


9I?)!*@=*,:Over =udget:,:OW:+ Chec"s whether the first row is over budget )Over =udget+

9I?)!-@=-,:Over =udget:,:OW:+ Chec"s whether the second row is over budget )OW+

Example


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1

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!

A

Score

45

E

AB


9I?)!*@BE,:!:,I?)!*@AE,:=:,I?)!*@


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9I?)!-@BE,:!:,I?)!-@AE,:=:,I?)!-@false argument to the firstI? statement. Similarly, the third I? statement is the value>if>false argument to the second I?statement. ?or example, if the first logical>test )!verage@BE+ is T2#/, :!: is returned. If the firstlogical>test is ?!S/, the second I? statement is evaluated, and so on.

The letter grades are assigned to numbers using the following "ey.

'. Score is T6en return

reater than BE !

?rom B to BE =

?rom A to AE C

?rom


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Example 1


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9!$&)T2#/, T2#/+ !ll arguments are T2#/ )T2#/+

9!$&)T2#/, ?!S/+ One argument is ?!S/ )?!S/+

9!$&)*3*94, *3-95+ !ll arguments evaluate to T2#/ )T2#/+

Example 2


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press CT236 )grave accent+, or on the Toolsmenu, point to Formula Auditing, and

then clic" Formula Auditing Mode.

1

2

A

$ata

5

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9!$&)V!*, !*V+ =ecause 5 is between and )T2#/+

9I?)!$&)V!-, !-V+, !-,:The value is out of range.:+

&isplays the second number above, if it is between and, otherwise displays a message )The value is out ofrange.+

9I?)!$&)V!*, !*V+, !*,:The value is out of range.:+

&isplays the first number above, if it is between and, otherwise displays a message )5+

O)

See !lso

2eturns T2#/ if any argument is T2#/M returns ?!S/ if all arguments are ?!S/.

Syntax

,R )logical1, logical*,...+

ogical, logical*,... are to - conditions you want to test that can be either T2#/ or ?!S/.

Remarks

The arguments must evaluate to logical values such as T2#/ or ?!S/, or in arraysorreferences that contain logical values.

If an array or reference argument contains text or empty cells, those values are ignored.

If the specified range contains no logical values, O2 returns the G(!#/H error value.

Nou can use an O2 array formula to see if a value occurs in an array. To enter an arrayformula, press CT23S0I?T3/$T/2.

Example


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http://hhobj_1.click%28%29/http://hhobj_1.click%28%29/


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1

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!

A (


9O2)T2#/+ One argument is T2#/ )T2#/+

9O2)39,*3*95+ !ll arguments evaluate to ?!S/ )?!S/+

9O2)T2#/,?!S/,T2#/+ !t least one argument is T2#/ )T2#/+

+LOO-U,

Searches for a value in the leftmost column of a table, and then returns a value in the same rowfrom a column you specify in the table. #se (OOW#P instead of 0OOW#P when yourcomparison values are located in a column to the left of the data you want to find.

The ( in (OOW#P stands for :(ertical.:

Syntax

*-,,=U) )lookup/8alue, table/array, col/index/num, range>loo"up+

oo"up>value is the value to be found in the first column of the array.oo"up>value can be avalue, a reference, or a text string.

Table>array is the table of information in which data is loo"ed up. #se a reference to a range ora range name, such as &atabase or ist.

If range>loo"up is T2#/, the values in the first column of table>array must be placed inascending order; ..., 7*, 7, , , *, ..., !7, ?!S/, T2#/M otherwise (OOW#P may notgive the correct value. If range>loo"up is ?!S/, table>array does not need to be sorted.

Nou can put the values in ascending order by choosing the Sortcommand from the $atamenu and selecting Ascending.

The values in the first column of table>array can be text, numbers, or logical values.

#ppercase and lowercase text are eLuivalent.

Col>index>num is the column number in table>array from which the matching value must be

returned. ! col>index>num of returns the value in the first column in table>arrayM acol>index>num of * returns the value in the second column in table>array, and so on. Ifcol>index>num is less than , (OOW#P returns the G(!#/H error valueM if col>index>num isgreater than the number of columns in table>array, (OOW#P returns the G2/?H error value.

2ange>loo"up is a logical value that specifies whether you want (OOW#P to find an exactmatch or an approximate match. If T2#/ or omitted, an approximate match is returned. In otherwords, if an exact match is not found, the next largest value that is less than loo"up>value is



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returned. If ?!S/, (OOW#P will find an exact match. If one is not found, the error value G$!is returned.

Remarks

If (OOW#P can8t find loo"up>value, and range>loo"up is T2#/, it uses the largest

value that is less than or eLual to loo"up>value. If loo"up>value is smaller than the smallest value in the first column of table>array,

(OOW#P returns the G$! error value. If (OOW#P can8t find loo"up>value, and range>loo"up is ?!S/, (OOW#P returns the

G$! value.

Example


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The example uses values for air at atm pressure.

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#3

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:

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A ( +

$ensity *iscosity Temperature

.45A -.55 5

.5*5 -.*5 4

.


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9(OOW#P),!*;C,*+ oo"s up in column !, and returnsthe value from column = in the samerow )*.A+

9(OOW#P),!*;C,-,T2#/+ oo"s up in column !, and returnsthe value from column C in the samerow )+

9(OOW#P).A,!*;C,-,?!S/+ oo"s up .A4< in column !. =ecausethere is no exact match in column !,an error is returned )G$!+

9(OOW#P).,!*;C,*,T2#/+ oo"s up . in column !. =ecause. is less than the smallest value incolumn !, an error is returned )G$!+

9(OOW#P)*,!*;C,*,T2#/+ oo"s up * in column !, and returnsthe value from column = in the samerow ).A+

.LOO-U,

Searches for a value in the top row of a table or an array of values, and then returns a value inthe same column from a row you specify in the table or array. #se 0OOW#P when yourcomparison values are located in a row across the top of a table of data, and you want to loo"down a specified number of rows. #se (OOW#P when your comparison values are located in acolumn to the left of the data you want to find.

The 0 in 0OOW#P stands for :0ori'ontal.:

Syntax

>-,,=U) )lookup/8alue, table/array, ro7/index/num, range>loo"up+

oo"up>value is the value to be found in the first row of the table. oo"up>value can be a value,a reference, or a text string.

Table>array is a table of information in which data is loo"ed up. #se a reference to a range or arange name.

The values in the first row of table>array can be text, numbers, or logical values.

If range>loo"up is T2#/, the values in the first row of table>array must be placed inascending order; ...7*, 7, , , *,... , !7, ?!S/, T2#/M otherwise, 0OOW#P may notgive the correct value. If range>loo"up is ?!S/, table>array does not need to be sorted.

#ppercase and lowercase text are eLuivalent.

Nou can put values in ascending order, left to right, by selecting the values and thenclic"ing Sorton the $atamenu. Clic" ,ptions, clic" Sort le.t to rig6t, and then clic",=. #nder Sort by, clic" the row in the list, and then clic" Ascending.



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2ow>index>num is the row number in table>array from which the matching value will bereturned. ! row>index>num of returns the first row value in table>array, a row>index>num of *returns the second row value in table>array, and so on. If row>index>num is less than ,0OOW#P returns the G(!#/H error valueM if row>index>num is greater than the number ofrows on table>array, 0OOW#P returns the G2/?H error value.

2ange>loo"up is a logical value that specifies whether you want 0OOW#P to find an exactmatch or an approximate match. If T2#/ or omitted, an approximate match is returned. In otherwords, if an exact match is not found, the next largest value that is less than loo"up>value isreturned. If ?!S/, 0OOW#P will find an exact match. If one is not found, the error value G$!is returned.

Remarks

If 0OOW#P can8t find loo"up>value, and range>loo"up is T2#/, it uses the largestvalue that is less than loo"up>value.

If loo"up>value is smaller than the smallest value in the first row of table>array,0OOW#P returns the G$! error value.

Example


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1

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!

A ( +

Axles (earings (olts

4 4 E

5 A

< B


90OOW#P):!xles:,!;C4,*,T2#/+ oo"s up !xles in row , andreturns the value from row *that8s in the same column. )4+

90OOW#P):=earings:,!;C4,-,?!S/+ oo"s up =earings in row ,



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and returns the value from row- that8s in the same column.)A+

90OOW#P):=:,!;C4,-,T2#/+ oo"s up = in row , andreturns the value from row -that8s in the same column.

=ecause = is not an exactmatch, the next largest valuethat is less than = is used;

!xles. )5+

90OOW#P):=olts:,!;C4,4+ oo"s up =olts in row , andreturns the value from row 4that8s in the same column.)+

90OOW#P)-,,*,-M:a:,:b:,:c:M:d:,:e:,:f:Q,*,T2#/+ oo"s up - in the first row ofthe array constant, andreturns the value from row * insame column. )c+

LA)/(

2eturns the "7th largest value in a data set. Nou can use this function to select a value based onits relative standing. ?or example, you can use !2/ to return the highest, runner7up, or third7place score.

Syntax

-AR?E )array, k+

!rray is the array or range of data for which you want to determine the "7th largest value.

W is the position )from the largest+ in the array or cell range of data to return.

Remarks

If array is empty, !2/ returns the G$#%H error value.

If " Y or if " is greater than the number of data points, !2/ returns the G$#%H errorvalue.

If n is the number of data points in a range, then !2/ )array,+ returns the largest value, and!2/)array,n+ returns the smallest value.

Example




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$ata $ata

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Commonly Used Formulas for MS Excel

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Transcript of Commonly Used Formulas for MS Excel