Advanced Excel Formulas

Excel Function Dictionary© 1998 - 2000 Peter Noneley

FunctionList of 343

DAVERAGE Database Built-in Returns the average of selected database entriesDCOUNT Database Built-in Counts the cells that contain numbers in a databaseDCOUNTA Database Built-in Counts nonblank cells in a databaseDGET Database Built-in Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteriaDMAX Database Built-in Returns the maximum value from selected database entriesDMIN Database Built-in Returns the minimum value from selected database entriesDSUM Database Built-in Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteriaDATE Date Built-in Returns the serial number of a particular dateDATEDIF Date Built-in Calculates the difference between two dates. Undocumented in v5/7/97DATEVALUE Date Built-in Converts a date in the form of text to a serial numberDAY Date Built-in Converts a serial number to a day of the monthDAYS360 Date Built-in Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day yearEDATE Date Analysis ToolPak Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start dateEOMONTH Date Analysis ToolPak Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of monthsHOUR Date Built-in Converts a serial number to an hourMINUTE Date Built-in Converts a serial number to a minuteMONTH Date Built-in Converts a serial number to a monthNETWORKDAYS Date Analysis ToolPak Returns the number of whole workdays between two datesNOW Date Built-in Returns the serial number of the current date and timeSECOND Date Built-in Converts a serial number to a secondTIME Date Built-in Returns the serial number of a particular timeTIMEVALUE Date Built-in Converts a time in the form of text to a serial numberTODAY Date Built-in Returns the serial number of today's dateWEEKDAY Date Built-in Converts a serial number to a day of the weekWORKDAY Date Analysis ToolPak Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdaysYEAR Date Built-in Converts a serial number to a yearYEARFRAC Date Analysis ToolPak Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_dateBIN2DEC Engineering Analysis ToolPak Converts a binary number to decimalCONVERT Engineering Analysis ToolPak Converts a number from one measurement system to anotherDEC2BIN Engineering Analysis ToolPak Converts a decimal number to binaryDEC2HEX Engineering Analysis ToolPak Converts a decimal number to hexadecimalDELTA Engineering Analysis ToolPak Tests whether two values are equalGESTEP Engineering Analysis ToolPak Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold valueHEX2DEC Engineering Analysis ToolPak Converts a hexadecimal number to decimalDB Financial Built-in Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the fixed-declining balance methodSLN Financial Built-in Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one periodSYD Financial Built-in Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified periodCELL Information Built-in Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cellCOUNTBLANK Information Built-in Counts the number of blank cells within a rangeERROR.TYPE Information Built-in Returns a number corresponding to an error typeINFO Information Built-in Returns information about the current operating environmentISBLANK Information Built-in Returns TRUE if the value is blankISERR Information Built-in Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/AISERROR Information Built-in Returns TRUE if the value is any error valueISEVEN Information Analysis ToolPak Returns TRUE if the number is evenISLOGICAL Information Built-in Returns TRUE if the value is a logical valueISNA Information Built-in Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error valueISNONTEXT Information Built-in Returns TRUE if the value is not textISNUMBER Information Built-in Returns TRUE if the value is a numberISODD Information Analysis ToolPak Returns TRUE if the number is oddISREF Information Built-in Returns TRUE if the value is a referenceISTEXT Information Built-in Returns TRUE if the value is textN Information Built-in Returns a value converted to a numberNA Information Built-in Returns the error value #N/ATYPE Information Built-in Returns a number indicating the data type of a valueAND Logical Built-in Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUEIF Logical Built-in Specifies a logical test to performNOT Logical Built-in Reverses the logic of its argumentOR Logical Built-in Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUECHOOSE Lookup Built-in Chooses a value from a list of valuesHLOOKUP Lookup Built-in Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cellINDEX Lookup Built-in Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or arrayINDIRECT Lookup Built-in Returns a reference indicated by a text valueLOOKUP (vector) Lookup Built-in Looks up values in a vector or arrayMATCH Lookup Built-in Looks up values in a reference or arraySUM_with_OFFSET Lookup Built-in SampleTRANSPOSE Lookup Built-in Returns the transpose of an arrayVLOOKUP Lookup Built-in Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell


FunctionList of 343

ABS Mathematical Built-in Returns the absolute value of a numberCEILING Mathematical Built-in Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significanceCOMBIN Mathematical Built-in Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objectsCOUNTIF Mathematical Built-in Counts the number of nonblank cells within a range that meet the given criteriaEVEN Mathematical Built-in Rounds a number up to the nearest even integerFACT Mathematical Built-in Returns the factorial of a numberFLOOR Mathematical Built-in Rounds a number down, toward zeroGCD Mathematical Analysis ToolPak Returns the greatest common divisorINT Mathematical Built-in Rounds a number down to the nearest integerLCM Mathematical Analysis ToolPak Returns the least common multipleMINVERSE Mathematical Built-in Returns the matrix inverse of an arrayMMULT Mathematical Built-in Returns the matrix product of two arraysMOD Mathematical Built-in Returns the remainder from divisionMROUND Mathematical Analysis ToolPak Returns a number rounded to the desired multipleODD Mathematical Built-in Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integerPI Mathematical Built-in Returns the value of PiPOWER Mathematical Built-in Returns the result of a number raised to a powerPRODUCT Mathematical Built-in Multiplies its argumentsQUOTIENT Mathematical Analysis ToolPak Returns the integer portion of a divisionRAND Mathematical Built-in Returns a random number between 0 and 1RANDBETWEEN Mathematical Analysis ToolPak Returns a random number between the numbers you specifyROMAN Mathematical Built-in Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as textROUND Mathematical Built-in Rounds a number to a specified number of digitsROUNDDOWN Mathematical Built-in Rounds a number down, toward zeroROUNDUP Mathematical Built-in Rounds a number up, away from zeroSIGN Mathematical Built-in Returns the sign of a numberSUBTOTAL Mathematical Built-in Returns a subtotal in a list or databaseSUM Mathematical Built-in Adds its argumentsSUM_as_Running_Total Mathematical Built-in SampleSUMIF Mathematical Built-in Adds the cells specified by a given criteriaSUMPRODUCT Mathematical Built-in Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array componentsTRUNC Mathematical Built-in Truncates a number to an integer Age Calculation Sample Sample AutoSum shortcut key Sample Sample Brackets in formula Sample Sample Sample FileName formula Sample Sample Instant Charts Sample Sample Ordering Stock Sample Sample Stock Ordering Percentages Sample Sample How to calculate various percentages Project Dates Sample Sample Example using date calculation. Show all formula Sample Sample Split ForenameSurname Sample Sample Time Calculation Sample Sample How to calculate time. TimeSheet For Flexi Sample Sample Example flexi time sheet.SUM_using_names Sample Sample-Timesheet Sample Sample SampleAVERAGE Statistical Built-in Returns the average of its argumentsCORREL Statistical Built-in Returns the correlation coefficient between two data setsCOUNT Statistical Built-in Counts how many numbers are in the list of argumentsCOUNTA Statistical Built-in Counts how many values are in the list of argumentsFORECAST Statistical Built-in Returns a value along a linear trendFREQUENCY Statistical Built-in Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical arrayGROWTH Statistical Built-in Returns values along an exponential trendLARGE Statistical Built-in Returns the k-th largest value in a data setMAX Statistical Built-in Returns the maximum value in a list of argumentsMEDIAN Statistical Built-in Returns the median of the given numbersMIN Statistical Built-in Returns the minimum value in a list of argumentsMODE Statistical Built-in Returns the most common value in a data setPERMUT Statistical Built-in Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objectsQUARTILE Statistical Built-in Returns the quartile of a data setRANK Statistical Built-in Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbersSMALL Statistical Built-in Returns the k-th smallest value in a data setSTDEV Statistical Built-in Estimates standard deviation based on a sampleSTDEVP Statistical Built-in Calculates standard deviation based on the entire populationTREND Statistical Built-in Returns values along a linear trendVAR Statistical Built-in Estimates variance based on a sampleVARP Statistical Built-in Calculates variance based on the entire populationCHAR Text Built-in Returns the character specified by the code number

Using DATEDIF()Using Alt and =

Using MID() CELL() and FIND()Using F11

Using Ctrl and `Using LEFT() RIGHT() FIND() SUBSTITUTE()

Using SUM(jan)


FunctionList of 343

CLEAN Text Built-in Removes all nonprintable characters from textCODE Text Built-in Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text stringCONCATENATE Text Built-in Joins several text items into one text itemDOLLAR Text Built-in Converts a number to text, using currency formatEXACT Text Built-in Checks to see if two text values are identicalFIND Text Built-in Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)FIXED Text Built-in Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimalsLEFT Text Built-in Returns the leftmost characters from a text valueLEN Text Built-in Returns the number of characters in a text stringLOWER Text Built-in Converts text to lowercaseMID Text Built-in Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specifyPROPER Text Built-in Capitalises the first letter in each word of a text valueREPLACE Text Built-in Replaces characters within textREPT Text Built-in Repeats text a given number of timesRIGHT Text Built-in Returns the rightmost characters from a text valueSUBSTITUTE Text Built-in Substitutes new text for old text in a text stringT Text Built-in Converts its arguments to textTEXT Text Built-in Formats a number and converts it to textTRIM Text Built-in Removes spaces from textUPPER Text Built-in Converts text to uppercaseVALUE Text Built-in Converts a text argument to a number


Documentation of 343

What Is In The Dictionary ?This workbook contains 157 worksheets, each explaining the purpose and usage ofparticular Excel functions.

There are also a number of sample worksheets which are simple models of commonapplications, such as Timesheet and Date Calculations.

FormattingEach worksheet uses the same type of formatting to indicate the various types of entry.

North Text headings are shown in grey.100100 Data is shown as purple text on a yellow background.100300 The results of Formula are shown as blue on yellow.

=SUM(C13:C15) The formula used in the calulations is shown as blue text.

The Arial font is used exclusivley throughout the workbook and should display correctlywith any installation of Windows.

Each sheet has been designed to be as simple as possible, with no fancy macros toaccomplish the desrired result.

PrintingEach worksheet is set to print on to A4 portrait.The printouts will have the column headings of A,B,C... and the row numbers 1,2,3... whichwill assist with the reading of the formula.The ideal printer would be a laser set at 600dpi.If you are using a dot matrix or inkjet, it may be worth switching off the colours before printing,as these will print as dark grey. (See the sheet dealing with Colour settings).

ProtectionEach sheet is unprotected so that you will be able to change values and experimentwith the calculations.

MacrosThere are only a few very simple macros which are used by the various buttons tonaviagte through the sheets. These have been written very simply, and do not make any attemptto change your current Toolbars and Menus.


Instructions of 343

What Do The Buttons Do ?

View

View

This button will display the worksheet containing the function example.

1. Click on the function name, then2. Click on the View button.

Sort

This button sorts the list of functions into alphabetical order.

Sort

Category

This describes the category the function is a member of.

Click this button to sort alphabetically.

Category

Location

This shows where the function is stored in Excel.

Built-in indicates that the functionis part of Excel itself.

Analysis ToolPak indicates thefunction is stored in the Analysis ToolPak add-in.

Click this button to sort alphabetically.

Location


Colours of 343

Using Different Monitor SettingsEach sheet has been designed to fit within the visible width of monitors with a low resolutionof 640 x 480. This ensures that you do not need to scroll from left and right to see all the data.

The colours are best suited to monitors capable of 256 colours.On monitors using just 16 colours the greys may look a bit rough!You can switch colours off and on using the button below.

This may take a

few minutes on

any computer !

Sample Colour SchemeNorth South East West Total

Alan 100 100 100 100 400Bob 100 100 100 100 400

Carol 100 100 100 100 400Total 300 300 300 300 1200

Colour On


Analysis ToolPak of 343

Analysis ToolPak

What Is The Analysis ToolPak ?The Analysis ToolPak is an add-in file containingextra functions which are not built in to Excel.The functions cover areas such as Date andMathematical operations.

The Analysis ToolPak must be added-in to Excel beforethese functions will be available.

Any formula using these functions without the ToolPak loaded will show the #NAME error.

Check For Analysis ToolPak

Analysis ToolPak

Load the Analysis ToolPak

UnLoad the Analysis ToolPak


Time Calculation of 343

Time Calculation

Excel can work with time very easily.Time can be entered in various different formats and calculations performed.There are one or two oddities, but nothing which should put you off working with it.

Typing timeWhen time is entered into worksheet it should be entered with a colon between

1:30 12:30 20:15 22:45

Excel can cope with either the 24hour system or the am/pm system.

You must leave a space between the number and the text.

1:30 AM 1:30 PM 10:15 AM 10:15 PM

Finding the difference between two timesYou can subtract two time values to find the length of time between.

Start End Duration1:30 2:30 1:00 =D24-C248:00 17:00 9:00 =D25-C25

8:00 AM 5:00 PM 9:00 AM If the result is not shown correctly,You may need to reformat the answer.Look at the section about formattingfurther in this worksheet.

Adding timeYou can add time to find a total time.This works well until the total time goes above 24 hours.For totals greater than 24 hours you may need to apply some special formatting.

Start End Duration1:30 2:30 1:008:00 17:00 9:00

7:30 AM 5:45 PM 10:1520:15

Formatting timeWhen time is added together the result may go beyond 24 hours.Usually this gives an incorrect result, as in the example below.To correct this error, the result needs to be formatted with a Custom format.

Example 1 : Incorrect formattingStart End Duration7:00 18:30 11:308:00 17:00 9:007:30 17:45 10:15

Total 6:45 =SUM(E49:E51)

Example 2 : Correct formattingStart End Duration7:00 18:30 11:308:00 17:00 9:007:30 17:45 10:15

Total 30:45 =SUM(E56:E58)

How To Apply Custom FormattingThe custom format for time use a pair of square brackets [hh] on either sideof the hours indicators.

1. Click on the cell which needs the format.

See the TimeSheet example for an example.

the hour and the minutes, such as 12:30, rather than 12.30

To use the am/pm system you must enter the am or pm after the time.

2. Choose the Format menu.

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667


Time Calculation of 343

3. Choose Cells.4. Click the Number tag at the top right.5. Choose Custom.6. Click inside the Type: box.7. Type [hh]:mm as the format.8. Click OK to confirm.

A B C D E F G H I J6869707172737475767778798081828384858687


TimeSheet For Flexi of 343

TimeSheet for Flexi

Week beginning Mon 05-Jan-98 Normal Hours 37:30

Day Arrive Lunch Out Lunch In Depart TotalMon 05 8:00 13:00 14:00 17:00 8:00 =(F6-C6)-(E6-D6)Tue 06 8:45 12:30 13:30 17:00 7:15Wed 07 9:00 13:00 14:00 18:00 8:00Thu 08 8:30 13:00 14:00 17:00 7:30Fri 09 8:00 12:00 13:00 17:00 8:00

Total Hours 38:45 =SUM(G6:G10)

Under worked by - =IF(G3-G11>0,G3-G11, "-")Over worked by 1:15 =IF(G3-G11<0,ABS(G3-G11),"-")

This is simple example of a timesheet.

Instructions :Type the week start date in cell C3, the Week beginning.Use the format dd/mm/yy, the name of the day will appear automatically.The date is then passed down to the Day column.

Type the amount of hours you are expected to work in G3, the Normal Hours.This is used later to calculate if have worked over or under the required hours.

Type the times you arrive and leave work in the appropriate columns.Use the format of hh:mm.

NoteThe Total Hours cell has been formatted as [hh]:mm.This ensures the total hours can be expressed as a value above 24 hours.If the [hh]:mm format had not been used the Total Hours would show as : 14:45If the [hh]:mm format does not show in the cell format dialog boxon your computer, it can be created using Format, Cells, Number, Custom.

A B C D E F G H I J K

1

23456789

10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334


Split ForenameSurname of 343

Split Forename and Surname

The following formula are useful when you have one cell containing text which needsto be split up.One of the most common examples of this is when a persons Forename and Surnameare entered in full into a cell.

The formula use various text functions to accomplish the task.Each of the techniques uses the space between the names to identify where to split.

Finding the First Name

Full Name First NameAlan Jones Alan =LEFT(C14,FIND(" ",C14,1))Bob Smith Bob =LEFT(C15,FIND(" ",C15,1))Carol Williams Carol =LEFT(C16,FIND(" ",C16,1))

Finding the Last Name

Full Name Last NameAlan Jones Jones =RIGHT(C22,LEN(C22)-FIND(" ",C22))Bob Smith Smith =RIGHT(C23,LEN(C23)-FIND(" ",C23))Carol Williams Williams =RIGHT(C24,LEN(C24)-FIND(" ",C24))

Finding the Last name when a Middle name is present

The formula above cannot handle any more than two names.If there is also a middle name, the last name formula will be incorrect.To solve the problem you have to use a much longer calculation.

Full Name Last NameAlan David Jones JonesBob John Smith SmithCarol Susan Williams Williams

=RIGHT(C37,LEN(C37)-FIND("#",SUBSTITUTE(C37," ","#",LEN(C37)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(C37," ","")))))

Finding the Middle name

Full Name Middle NameAlan David Jones David Bob John Smith John Carol Susan Williams Susan

=LEFT(RIGHT(C45,LEN(C45)-FIND(" ",C45,1)),FIND(" ",RIGHT(C45,LEN(C45)-FIND(" ",C45,1)),1))

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789

10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546


Percentages of 343

Percentages

There are no specific functions for calculating percentages.You have to use the skills you were taught in your maths class at school!

Finding a percentage of a value

Initial value 120% to find 25%Percentage value 30 =D8*D9

Example 1A company is about to give its staff a pay rise.The wages department need to calculate the increases.Staff on different grades get different pay rises.

Grade % RiseA 10%B 15%C 20%

Name Grade Old Salary IncreaseAlan A £10,000 £1,000 =E23*LOOKUP(D23,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)

Bob B £20,000 £3,000 =E24*LOOKUP(D24,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)

Carol C £30,000 £6,000 =E25*LOOKUP(D25,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)

David B £25,000 £3,750 =E26*LOOKUP(D26,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)

Elaine C £32,000 £6,400 =E27*LOOKUP(D27,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)

Frank A £12,000 £1,200 =E28*LOOKUP(D28,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)

Finding a percentage increase

Initial value 120% increase 25%Increased value 150 =D33*D34+D33

Example 2A company is about to give its staff a pay rise.The wages department need to calculate the new salary including the % increase.Staff on different grades get different pay rises.

Grade % RiseA 10%B 15%C 20%

Name Grade Old Salary IncreaseAlan A £10,000 £11,000 =E48*LOOKUP(D48,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E48

Bob B £20,000 £23,000 =E49*LOOKUP(D49,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E49

Carol C £30,000 £36,000 =E50*LOOKUP(D50,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E50

David B £25,000 £28,750 =E51*LOOKUP(D51,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E51

Elaine C £32,000 £38,400 =E52*LOOKUP(D52,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E52

Frank A £12,000 £13,200 =E53*LOOKUP(D53,$C$18:$C$20,$D$18:$D$20)+E53

Finding one value as percentage of another

Value A 120Value B 60A as % of B 50% =D59/D58

You will need to format the result as % by using the % buttonon the toolbar.


1

23456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263


Percentages of 343

Example 3An manager has been asked to submit budget requirements for next year.The manger needs to specify what will be required each quarter.The manager knows what has been spent by each region in the previous year.By analysing the past years spending, the manager hopes to predictwhat will need to be spent in the next year.

Last years figuresRegion Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4North 9,000 2,000 9,000 7,000 South 7,000 4,000 9,000 5,000 East 2,000 8,000 7,000 3,000 West 8,000 9,000 6,000 5,000 TotalTotal 26,000 23,000 31,000 20,000 100,000

Last years Quarters as % of last years TotalRegion Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4North 9% 2% 9% 7% =G74/$H$78South 7% 4% 9% 5% =G75/$H$78East 2% 8% 7% 3% =G76/$H$78West 8% 9% 6% 5% =G77/$H$78Total 26% 23% 31% 20% =G78/$H$78

Next years budget 150,000 Next years estimated budget requirementsRegion Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4North 13,500 3,000 13,500 10,500 =G82*$E$88South 10,500 6,000 13,500 7,500 =G83*$E$88East 3,000 12,000 10,500 4,500 =G84*$E$88West 12,000 13,500 9,000 7,500 TotalTotal 39,000 34,500 46,500 30,000 150,000

Finding an original value after an increase has been applied

Increased value 150% increase 25%Original value 120 =D100/(100%+D101)

Example 4An employ has to submit an expenses claim for travelling and accommodation.The claim needs to show the VAT tax portion of each receipt.Unfortunately the receipts held by the employee only show the total amount.The employee needs to split this total to show the original value and the VAT amount.

VAT rate 17.50%

Receipt Total Actual Value Vat ValuePetrol £10.00 £8.51 £1.49 =D113-D113/(100%+$D$110)Hotel £235.00 £200.00 £35.00 Petrol £117.50 £100.00 £17.50

=D115/(100%+$D$110)

A B C D E F G H I J K646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116


Show all formula of 343

Show all formula

Press the same combination to see the original view.

10 20 3030 40 7050 60 6070 80 30

You can view all the formula on the worksheet by pressing Ctrl and `.The ' is the left single quote usually found on the key to left of number 1.

Press Ctrl and ` to see the formula below. (The screen may look a bit odd.)

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

101112


SUM_using_names of 343

SUM using names

You can use the names typed at the top of columns or side of rows in calculationssimply by typing the name into the formula.

Try this example:

The result will show.

Jan Feb MarNorth 45 50 50South 30 25 35East 35 10 50West 20 50 5Total

If it does not work !The feature may have been switched off on your computer.

Go to cell C16 and then enter the formula =SUM(jan)

This formula can be copied to D16 and E16, and the names change to Feb and Mar.

You can switch it on by using Tools, Options, Calculation, Accept Labels in Formula.

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

101112131415161718192021


Instant Charts of 343

Instant Charts

You can create a chart quickly without having to use the chart button on

Jan Feb MarNorth 45 50 50South 30 25 35East 35 10 50West 20 50 5

Click anywhere inside the table above.

the toolbar by pressing the function key F11 whilst inside a range of data.

Then press F11.

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

10111213


Filename formula of 343

Filename formula

There may be times when you need to insert the name of the current workbookor worksheet in to a cell.

This can be done by using the CELL() function, shown below.'file:///opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch2/24620683.xls'#$ Filename formula =CELL("filename")

The problem with this is that it gives the complete path including drive letter and folders.To just pick out the workbook or worksheet name you need to use text functions.

To pick the Path.#VALUE!

=MID(CELL("filename"),1,FIND("[",CELL("filename"))-1)

To pick the Workbook name.#VALUE!

=MID(CELL("filename"),FIND("[",CELL("filename"))+1,FIND("]",CELL("filename"))-FIND("[",CELL("filename"))-1)

To pick the Worksheet name.#VALUE!

=MID(CELL("filename"),FIND("]",CELL("filename"))+1,255)

A B C D E F G H

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223


Brackets in formula of 343

Brackets in formula

Sometimes you will need to use brackets, (also known as 'braces'), in formula.This is to ensure that the calculations are performed in the order that you need.

Example 1 : The wrong answer !

1020

250 =C12+C13*C14

You may expect that 10 + 20 would equal 30And then 30 * 2 would equal 60

But because the * is calculated first Excel sees thecalculation as 20 * 2 resulting in 40And then 10 + 40 resulting in 50

Example 2 : The correct answer.

1020

260 =(C27+C28)*C29

By placing brackets around (10+20) Excel performs thispart of the calulation first, resulting in 30Then the 30 is multipled by 2 resulting in 60

The need for brackets occurs when you mix plus or minus with divide or multiply.

Mathematically speaking the * and / are more important than + and - .

The * and / operations will be calculated before + and - .

A B C D E F G H I

1

234567

8

910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334


Age Calculation of 343

Age Calculation

You can calculate a persons age based on their birthday and todays date.

The DATEDIF() is not documented in Excel 5, 7 or 97, but it is in 2000.(Makes you wonder what else Microsoft forgot to tell us!)

Birth date : 1-Jan-60

Years lived : #NAME? =DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"y")and the months : #NAME? =DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"ym")and the days : #NAME? =DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"md")

You can put this all together in one calculation, which creates a text version.#NAME?

="Age is "&DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"y")&" Years, "&DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"ym")&" Months and "&DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"md")&" Days"

Another way to calculate ageThis method gives you an age which may potentially have decimal places representing the months.If the age is 20.5, the .5 represents 6 months.


Age is : 49.85 =(TODAY()-C23)/365.25

The calculation uses the DATEDIF() function.

A B C D E F G H I

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425


AutoSum Shortcut Key of 343

AutoSum Shortcut Key

Instead of using the AutoSum button from the toolbar,

Try it here :

or

Jan Feb Mar TotalNorth 10 50 90South 20 60 100East 30 70 200West 40 80 300Total

you can press Alt and = to achieve the same result.

Move to a blank cell in the Total row or column, then press Alt and =.

Select a row, column or all cells and then press Alt and =.

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

10111213141516


ABS of 343

ABS

Number Absolute Value10 10 =ABS(C4)-10 10 =ABS(C5)1.25 1.25 =ABS(C6)-1.25 1.25 =ABS(C7)

What Does it Do ?This function calculates the value of a number, irrespective of whether it is positive or negative.

Syntax =ABS(CellAddress or Number)

FormattingThe result will be shown as a number, no special formatting is needed.

ExampleThe following table was used by a company testing a machine which cuts timber.The machine needs to cut timber to an exact length.Three pieces of timber were cut and then measured.In calculating the difference between the Required Length and the Actual Length it doesnot matter if the wood was cut too long or short, the measurement needs to be expressed asan absolute value.

Table 1 shows the original calculations.The Difference for Test 3 is shown as negative, which has a knock on effectwhen the Error Percentage is calculated.Whether the wood was too long or short, the percentage should still be expressedas an absolute value.

Table 1

Difference

Test 1 120 120 0 0%Test 2 120 90 30 25%Test 3 120 150 -30 -25%

=D36-E36

Table 2 shows the same data but using the =ABS() function to correct the calculations.

Table 2

Difference

Test 1 120 120 0 0%Test 2 120 90 30 25%Test 3 120 150 30 25%

=ABS(D45-E45)

TestCut

RequiredLength

ActualLength

ErrorPercentage

TestCut

RequiredLength

ActualLength

ErrorPercentage

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132

33

3435363738394041

42

43444546


ADDRESS of 343

ADDRESS

Type a column number : 2Type a row number : 3Type a sheet name : Hello

$B$3 =ADDRESS(F4,F3,1,TRUE)B$3 =ADDRESS(F4,F3,2,TRUE)$B3 =ADDRESS(F4,F3,3,TRUE)B3 =ADDRESS(F4,F3,4,TRUE)

R3C2 =ADDRESS(F4,F3,1,FALSE)R3C[2] =ADDRESS(F4,F3,2,FALSE)R[3]C2 =ADDRESS(F4,F3,3,FALSE)R[3]C[2] =ADDRESS(F4,F3,4,FALSE)

Hello.$B$3 =ADDRESS(F4,F3,1,TRUE,F5)Hello.B$3 =ADDRESS(F4,F3,2,TRUE,F5)Hello.$B3 =ADDRESS(F4,F3,3,TRUE,F5)Hello.B3 =ADDRESS(F4,F3,4,TRUE,F5)

What Does It Do ?This function creates a cell reference as a piece of text, based on a row and columnnumbers given by the user.This type of function is used in macros rather than on the actual worksheet.

Syntax=ADDRESS(RowNumber,ColNumber,Absolute,A1orR1C1,SheetName)The RowNumber is the normal row number from 1 to 16384.The ColNumber is from 1 to 256, cols A to IV.

The Absolute can be 1,2,3 or 4. When 1 the reference will be in the form $A$1, column and row absolute. When 2 the reference will be in the form A$1, only the row absolute. When 3 the reference will be in the form $A1, only the column absolute. When 4 the reference will be in the form A1, neither col or row absolute.

The A1orR1C1 is either TRUE of FALSE. When TRUE the reference will be in the form A1, the normal style for cell addresses. When FALSE the reference will be in the form R1C1, the alternative style of cell address.

The SheetName is a piece of text to be used as the worksheet name in the reference. The SheetName does not actually have to exist.

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930

31

32333435

36

3738

39

40


AND of 343

AND

Items To Test Result500 800 TRUE =AND(C4>=100,D4>=100)500 25 FALSE =AND(C5>=100,D5>=100)25 500 FALSE =AND(C6>=100,D6>=100)

12 TRUE =AND(D7>=1,D7<=52)

What Does It Do?This function tests two or more conditions to see if they are all true.It can be used to test that a series of numbers meet certain conditions.It can be used to test that a number or a date falls between an upper and lower limit.Normally the AND() function would be used in conjunction with a function such as =IF().

Syntax =AND(Test1,Test2) Note that there can be up to 30 possible tests.

FormattingWhen used by itself it will show TRUE or FALSE.

Example 1The following example shows a list of examination results.The teacher wants to find the pupils who scored above average in all three exams.The =AND() function has been used to test that each score is above the average.The result of TRUE is shown for pupils who have scored above average in all three exams.

Name Maths English Physics PassedAlan 80 75 85 TRUEBob 50 30 40 FALSE

Carol 60 70 50 FALSEDavid 90 85 95 TRUEEric 20 30 Absent FALSEFred 40 60 80 FALSEGail 10 90 80 FALSE

Harry 80 70 60 TRUEIan 30 10 20 FALSE

Janice 10 20 30 FALSE=AND(C38>=AVERAGE($C$29:$C$38),D38>=AVERAGE($D$29:$D$38),E38>=AVERAGE($E$29:$E$38))

Averages 47 54 60

A B C D E F G H I

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041


AREAS of 343

AREAS

Pink Name Age Err:504 =AREAS(PeopleLists)Alan 18Bob 17

Carol 20

Green Name AgeDavid 20Eric 16Fred 19

What Does It Do?This function tests a range to determine whether it is a single block of data, or whetherit is a multiple selection.If it is a single block the result will be 1.If it is a multiple block the result will be the number of ranges selected.The function is designed to be used in macros.

Syntax =AREAS(RangeToTest)

FormattingThe result will be shown as a number.

ExampleThe example at the top of this page shows two ranges coloured pink and green.These ranges have been given the name PeopleLists.The =AREAS(PeopleLists) gives a result of 2 indicating that there are two separateselections which form the PeopleLists range.

NoteTo name multiple ranges the CTRL key must be used.In the above example the pink range was selected as normal, then the Ctrl keywas held down before selecting the green range.When a Range Name is created it will consider both Pink and Green as being one range.

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536


AVERAGE of 343

AVERAGE

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun AverageTemp 30 31 32 29 26 28 27 29 =AVERAGE(D4:J4)Rain 0 0 0 4 6 3 1 2 =AVERAGE(D5:J5)

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun AverageTemp 30 32 29 26 28 27 28.67 =AVERAGE(D8:J8)Rain 0 0 4 6 3 1 2.33 =AVERAGE(D9:J9)

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun AverageTemp 30 No 32 29 26 28 27 28.67 =AVERAGE(D12:J12)Rain 0 Reading 0 4 6 3 1 2.33 =AVERAGE(D13:J13)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the average from a list of numbers.If the cell is blank or contains text, the cell will not be used in the average calculation.If the cell contains zero 0, the cell will be included in the average calculation.

Syntax=AVERAGE(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)

FormattingNo special formatting is needed.

NoteTo calculate the average of cells which contain text or blanks use =SUM() to get the total andthen divide by the count of the entries using =COUNTA().

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun AverageTemp 30 No 32 29 26 28 27 24.57 =SUM(D31:J31)/COUNTA(D31:J31)Rain 0 Reading 0 4 6 3 1 2 =SUM(D32:J32)/COUNTA(D32:J32)

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun AverageTemp 30 32 29 26 28 27 28.67 =SUM(D35:J35)/COUNTA(D35:J35)Rain 0 0 4 6 3 1 2.33 =SUM(D36:J36)/COUNTA(D36:J36)

Further Usage

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839


BIN2DEC of 343

BIN2DEC

Binary Number Decimal Equivalent0 0 =BIN2DEC(C4)1 1 =BIN2DEC(C5)

10 2 =BIN2DEC(C6)11 3 =BIN2DEC(C7)

111111111 511 =BIN2DEC(C8)1111111111 -1 =BIN2DEC(C9)1111111110 -2 =BIN2DEC(C10)1111111101 -3 =BIN2DEC(C11)1000000000 -512 =BIN2DEC(C12)

11111111111 Err:502 =BIN2DEC(C13)

What Does It Do ?This function converts a binary number to decimal.Negative numbers are represented using two's-complement notation.

Syntax=BIN2DEC(BinaryNumber)The binary number has a limit of ten characters.


A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324


CEILING of 343

CEILING

Number Raised Up2.1 3 =CEILING(C4,1)1.5 2 =CEILING(C5,1)1.9 2 =CEILING(C6,1)20 30 =CEILING(C7,30)25 30 =CEILING(C8,30)40 60 =CEILING(C9,30)

What Does It Do ?This function rounds a number up to the nearest multiple specified by the user.

Syntax=CEILING(ValueToRound,MultipleToRoundUpTo)The ValueToRound can be a cell address or a calculation.


Example 1The following table was used by a estate agent renting holiday apartments.The properties being rented are only available on a weekly basis.When the customer supplies the number of days required in the property the =CEILING()function rounds it up by a multiple of 7 to calculate the number of full weeks to be billed.

Days RequiredCustomer 1 3 7 =CEILING(D28,7)Customer 2 4 7 =CEILING(D29,7)Customer 3 10 14 =CEILING(D30,7)

Example 2The following table was used by a builders merchant delivering products to a construction site.The merchant needs to hire trucks to move each product.Each product needs a particular type of truck of a fixed capacity.

Table 1 calculates the number of trucks required by dividing the Units To Be Moved bythe Capacity of the truck.This results of the division are not whole numbers, and the builder cannot hire just partof a truck.

Table 1

ItemBricks 1000 300 3.33 =D45/E45Wood 5000 600 8.33 =D46/E46

Cement 2000 350 5.71 =D47/E47

Table 2 shows how the =CEILING() function has been used to round up the result ofthe division to a whole number, and thus given the exact amount of trucks needed.

Table 2

Days ToBe Billed

Units ToBe Moved

TruckCapacity

TrucksNeeded

A B C D E F G H

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526

27

28293031323334353637383940414243

44

4546474849505152


CEILING of 343

ItemBricks 1000 300 4 =CEILING(D54/E54,1)Wood 5000 600 9 =CEILING(D55/E55,1)

Cement 2000 350 6 =CEILING(D56/E56,1)

Example 3The following tables were used by a shopkeeper to calculate the selling price of an item.The shopkeeper buys products by the box.The cost of the item is calculated by dividing the Box Cost by the Box Quantity.The shopkeeper always wants the price to end in 99 pence.

Table 1 shows how just a normal division results in varying Item Costs.

Table 1Item Box Qnty Box Cost Cost Per ItemPlugs 11 £20 1.81818 =D69/C69

Sockets 7 £18.25 2.60714 =D70/C70Junctions 5 £28.10 5.62000 =D71/C71Adapters 16 £28 1.75000 =D72/C72

Table 2 shows how the =CEILING() function has been used to raise the Item Cost toalways end in 99 pence.

Table 2Item In Box Box Cost Cost Per Item Raised CostPlugs 11 £20 1.81818 1.99

Sockets 7 £18.25 2.60714 2.99Junctions 5 £28.10 5.62000 5.99Adapters 16 £28 1.75000 1.99

=INT(E83)+CEILING(MOD(E83,1),0.99)

Explanation=INT(E83) Calculates the integer part of the price.=MOD(E83,1) Calculates the decimal part of the price.=CEILING(MOD(E83),0.99) Raises the decimal to 0.99

Units ToBe Moved

TruckCapacity

TrucksNeeded

A B C D E F G H

53

545556575859606162636465666768697071727374757677787980818283848586878889


CELL of 343

CELL

This is the cell and contents to test. 17.50%

The cell address. $D$3 =CELL("address",D3)The column number. 4 =CELL("col",D3)

The row number. 3 =CELL("row",D3)The actual contents of the cell. 0.18 =CELL("contents",D3)

v =CELL("type",D3)

=CELL("prefix",D3)

The width of the cell. 12 =CELL("width",D3)

P2 =CELL("format",D3)

0 =CELL("parentheses",D3)

0 =CELL("color",D3)

1 =CELL("protect",D3)

The filename containing the cell. 'file:///opt/scribd/conversion/tmp/scratch2/24620683.xls'#$CELL =CELL("filename",D3)

What Does It Do ?This function examines a cell and displays information about the contents, position and formatting.

Syntax=CELL("TypeOfInfoRequired",CellToTest)The TypeOfInfoRequired is a text entry which must be surrounded with quotes " ".


Codes used to show the formatting of the cell.

Numeric Format CodeGeneral G0 F0#,##0 ,00.00 F2#,##0.00 ,2$#,##0_);($#,##0) C0$#,##0_);[Red]($#,##0) C0-$#,##0.00_);($#,##0.00) C2$#,##0.00_);[Red]($#,##0.00) C2-0% P00.00% P20.00E+00 S2# ?/? or # ??/?? Gm/d/yy or m/d/yy h:mm or mm/dd/yy. D4d-mmm-yy or dd-mmm-yy D1d-mmm or dd-mmm D2mmm-yy D3mm/dd D5h:mm AM/PM D7h:mm:ss AM/PM D6h:mm D9h:mm:ss D8

Example

The type of entry in the cell.Shown as b for blank, l for text, v for value.

The alignment of the cell.Shown as ' for left, ^ for centre, " for right.

Nothing is shown for numeric entries.

The number format fo the cell.(See the table shown below)

Formatted for braces ( ) on positive values.1 for yes, 0 for no.

Formatted for coloured negatives.1 for yes, 0 for no.

The type of cell protection.1 for a locked, 0 for unlocked.

A B C D E F G H

1

2345678

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455


CELL of 343

The following example uses the =CELL() function as part of a formula which extracts the filename.

The name of the current file is : #VALUE! =MID(CELL("filename"),FIND("[",CELL("filename"))+1,FIND("]",CELL("filename"))-FIND("[",CELL("filename"))-1)

A B C D E F G H56575859


CHAR of 343

CHAR

ANSI Number Character65 A =CHAR(G4)66 B =CHAR(G5)169 © =CHAR(G6)

What Does It Do?This function converts a normal number to the character it represent in the ANSIcharacter set used by Windows.

Syntax =CHAR(Number) The Number must be between 1 and 255.

FormattingThe result will be a character with no special formatting.

ExampleThe following is a list of all 255 numbers and the characters they represent.Note that most Windows based program may not display some of the special characters,these will be displayed as a small box.

1

1

26

2

51 3 76 L 101 e 126 ~ 151 � 176 ° 201 É 226 â 251 û2

2

27

2

52 4 77 M 102 f 127 � 152 � 177 ± 202 Ê 227 ã 252 ü3

3

28

2

53 5 78 N 103 g 128 � 153 � 178 ² 203 Ë 228 ä 253 ý4

4

29

2

54 6 79 O 104 h 129 � 154 � 179 ³ 204 Ì 229 å 254 þ5

5

30

3

55 7 80 P 105 i 130 � 155 � 180 ´ 205 Í 230 æ 255 ÿ6

6

31

3

56 8 81 Q 106 j 131 � 156 � 181 µ 206 Î 231 ç7

7

32 57 9 82 R 107 k 132 � 157 � 182 ¶ 207 Ï 232 è8

8

33 ! 58 : 83 S 108 l 133 � 158 � 183 · 208 Ð 233 é9

9

34 " 59 ; 84 T 109 m 134 � 159 � 184 ¸ 209 Ñ 234 ê10 35 # 60 < 85 U 110 n 135 � 160 185 ¹ 210 Ò 235 ë11

1

36 $ 61 = 86 V 111 o 136 � 161 ¡ 186 º 211 Ó 236 ì12

1

37 % 62 > 87 W 112 p 137 � 162 ¢ 187 » 212 Ô 237 í13

1

38 & 63 ? 88 X 113 q 138 � 163 £ 188 ¼ 213 Õ 238 î14

1

39 ' 64 @ 89 Y 114 r 139 � 164 ¤ 189 ½ 214 Ö 239 ï15

1

40 ( 65 A 90 Z 115 s 140 � 165 ¥ 190 ¾ 215 × 240 ð16

1

41 ) 66 B 91 [ 116 t 141 � 166 ¦ 191 ¿ 216 Ø 241 ñ17

1

42 * 67 C 92 \ 117 u 142 � 167 § 192 À 217 Ù 242 ò18

1

43 + 68 D 93 ] 118 v 143 � 168 ¨ 193 Á 218 Ú 243 ó19

1

44 , 69 E 94 ^ 119 w 144 � 169 © 194 Â 219 Û 244 ô20

2

45 - 70 F 95 _ 120 x 145� 170 ª 195 Ã 220 Ü 245 õ21

2

46 . 71 G 96 ` 121 y 146� 171 « 196 Ä 221 Ý 246 ö22

2

47 / 72 H 97 a 122 z 147� 172 ¬ 197 Å 222 Þ 247 ÷23

2

48 0 73 I 98 b 123 { 148� 173 198 Æ 223 ß 248 ø24

2

49 1 74 J 99 c 124 | 149 � 174 ® 199 Ç 224 à 249 ù25

2

50 2 75 K 100 d 125 } 150 � 175 ¯ 200 È 225 á 250 ú

NoteNumber 32 does not show as it is the SPACEBAR character.

-

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051


CHOOSE of 343

CHOOSE

Result1 Alan =CHOOSE(C4,"Alan","Bob","Carol")3 Carol =CHOOSE(C5,"Alan","Bob","Carol")2 Bob =CHOOSE(C6,"Alan","Bob","Carol")3 18% =CHOOSE(C7,10%,15%,18%)1 10% =CHOOSE(C8,10%,15%,18%)2 15% =CHOOSE(C9,10%,15%,18%)

What Does It Do?This function picks from a list of options based upon an Index value given to by the user.

Syntax =CHOOSE(UserValue, Item1, Item2, Item3 through to Item29)

FormattingNo special formatting is required.

ExampleThe following table was used to calculate the medals for athletes taking part in a race.The Time for each athlete is entered.The =RANK() function calculates the finishing position of each athlete.The =CHOOSE() then allocates the correct medal.The =IF() has been used to filter out any positions above 3, as this would causethe error of #VALUE to appear, due to the fact the =CHOOSE() has only three items in it.

Name Time Position MedalAlan 1:30 2 Silver =IF(D30<=3,CHOOSE(D30,"Gold","Silver","Bronze"),"unplaced")

Bob 1:15 4 unplaced =IF(D31<=3,CHOOSE(D31,"Gold","Silver","Bronze"),"unplaced")

Carol 2:45 1 Gold =IF(D32<=3,CHOOSE(D32,"Gold","Silver","Bronze"),"unplaced")

David 1:05 5 unplaced =IF(D33<=3,CHOOSE(D33,"Gold","Silver","Bronze"),"unplaced")

Eric 1:20 3 Bronze =IF(D34<=3,CHOOSE(D34,"Gold","Silver","Bronze"),"unplaced")

=RANK(C34,C30:C34)

Index Value

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435


CLEAN of 343

CLEAN

Dirty Text Clean TextHello Hello =CLEAN(C4)Hello Hello =CLEAN(C5)Hello Hello =CLEAN(C6)

What Does It Do?This function removes any nonprintable characters from text.These nonprinting characters are often found in data which has been importedfrom other systems such as database imports from mainframes.

Syntax=CLEAN(TextToBeCleaned)

FormattingNo special formatting is needed. The result will show as normal text.

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

1011121314151617


CODE of 343

CODE

Letter ANSI CodeA 65 =CODE(C4)B 66 =CODE(C5)C 67 =CODE(C6)a 97 =CODE(C7)b 98 =CODE(C8)c 99 =CODE(C9)

Alan 65 =CODE(C10)Bob 66 =CODE(C11)

Carol 67 =CODE(C12)

What Does It Do?This function shows the ANSI value of a single character, or the first character in a pieceof text.The ANSI character set is used by Windows to identify each keyboard character by usinga unique number.There are 255 characters in the ANSI set.

Syntax =CODE(Text)

FormattingNo special formatting is needed, the result will be shown as a number between 1 and 255.

ExampleSee the example for FREQUENCY.

1

1

26

2

51 3 76 L 101 e 126 ~ 151 — 176 ° 201 É 226 â 251 û2

2

27

2

52 4 77 M 102 f 127 � 152 ˜ 177 ± 202 Ê 227 ã 252 ü3

3

28

2

53 5 78 N 103 g 128 € 153 ™ 178 ² 203 Ë 228 ä 253 ý4

4

29

2

54 6 79 O 104 h 129 � 154 š 179 ³ 204 Ì 229 å 254 þ5

5

30

3

55 7 80 P 105 i 130 ‚ 155 › 180 ´ 205 Í 230 æ 255 ÿ6

6

31

3

56 8 81 Q 106 j 131 ƒ 156 œ 181 µ 206 Î 231 ç7

7

32 57 9 82 R 107 k 132 „ 157 � 182 ¶ 207 Ï 232 è8

8

33 ! 58 : 83 S 108 l 133 … 158 ž 183 · 208 Ð 233 é9

9

34 " 59 ; 84 T 109 m 134 † 159 Ÿ 184 ¸ 209 Ñ 234 ê10

1

35 # 60 < 85 U 110 n 135 ‡ 160 185 ¹ 210 Ò 235 ë11

1

36 $ 61 = 86 V 111 o 136 ˆ 161 ¡ 186 º 211 Ó 236 ì12

1

37 % 62 > 87 W 112 p 137 ‰ 162 ¢ 187 » 212 Ô 237 í13

1

38 & 63 ? 88 X 113 q 138 Š 163 £ 188 ¼ 213 Õ 238 î14

1

39 ' 64 @ 89 Y 114 r 139 ‹ 164 ¤ 189 ½ 214 Ö 239 ï15

1

40 ( 65 A 90 Z 115 s 140 Œ 165 ¥ 190 ¾ 215 × 240 ð16

1

41 ) 66 B 91 [ 116 t 141 � 166 ¦ 191 ¿ 216 Ø 241 ñ17

1

42 * 67 C 92 \ 117 u 142 Ž 167 § 192 À 217 Ù 242 ò18

1

43 + 68 D 93 ] 118 v 143 � 168 ¨ 193 Á 218 Ú 243 ó19

1

44 , 69 E 94 ^ 119 w 144 � 169 © 194 Â 219 Û 244 ô20

2

45 - 70 F 95 _ 120 x 145 ‘ 170 ª 195 Ã 220 Ü 245 õ21

2

46 . 71 G 96 ` 121 y 146 ’ 171 « 196 Ä 221 Ý 246 ö22

2

47 / 72 H 97 a 122 z 147 “ 172 ¬ 197 Å 222 Þ 247 ÷23

2

48 0 73 I 98 b 123 { 148 ” 173 - 198 Æ 223 ß 248 ø24

2

49 1 74 J 99 c 124 | 149 • 174 ® 199 Ç 224 à 249 ù25

2

50 2 75 K 100 d 125 } 150 – 175 ¯ 200 È 225 á 250 ú


1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354


COMBIN of 343

COMBIN

Pool Of Items Items In A Group Possible Groups4 2 6 =COMBIN(C4,D4)4 3 4 =COMBIN(C5,D5)26 2 325 =COMBIN(C6,D6)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the highest number of combinations available based upona fixed number of items.The internal order of the combination does not matter, so AB is the same as BA.

Syntax =COMBIN(HowManyItems,GroupSize)


Example 1This example calculates the possible number of pairs of letters availablefrom the four characters ABCD.

Total Characters Group Size Combinations4 2 6 =COMBIN(C25,D25)

The proof ! The four letters : ABCDPair 1 ABPair 2 ACPair 3 ADPair 4 BCPair 5 BDPair 6 CD

Example 2A decorator is asked to design a colour scheme for a new office.The decorator is given five colours to work with, but can only use three in any scheme.How many colours schemes can be created ?

Available Colours Colours Per Scheme Totals Schemes5 3 10 =COMBIN(C41,D41)

The coloursRedGreenBlueYellowBlack

Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Scheme 4 Scheme 5Red Red Red Red RedGreen Green Green Blue BlueBlue Yellow Black Yellow Black

Scheme 6 Scheme 7 Scheme 8 Scheme 9 Scheme 10Green Green Green Blue ??????

A B C D E F G

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556


COMBIN of 343

Blue Blue Yellow YellowYellow Black Black Black

A B C D E F G5758


CONCATENATE of 343

CONCATENATE

Name 1 Name 2 Concatenated TextAlan Jones AlanJones =CONCATENATE(C4,D4)Bob Williams BobWilliams =CONCATENATE(C5,D5)

Carol Davies CarolDavies =CONCATENATE(C6,D6)Alan Jones Alan Jones =CONCATENATE(C7," ",D7)Bob Williams Williams, Bob =CONCATENATE(D8,", ",C8)

Carol Davies Davies, Carol =CONCATENATE(D9,", ",C9)

What Does It Do?This function joins separate pieces of text into one item.

Syntax =CONCATENATE(Text1,Text2,Text3...Text30)Up to thirty pieces of text can be joined.

FormattingNo special formatting is needed, the result will be shown as normal text.

Note

Name 1 Name 2 Concatenated TextAlan Jones AlanJones =C25&D25Bob Williams BobWilliams =C26&D26

Carol Davies CarolDavies =C27&D27Alan Jones Alan Jones =C28&" "&D28Bob Williams Williams, Bob =D29&", "&C29

Carol Davies Davies, Carol =D30&", "&C30

You can achieve the same result by using the & operator.

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930


CONVERT of 343

CONVERT

1 in cm 2.54 =CONVERT(C4,D4,E4)1 ft m 0.3 =CONVERT(C5,D5,E5)1 yd m 0.91 =CONVERT(C6,D6,E6)

1 yr day 365.25 =CONVERT(C8,D8,E8)1 day hr 24 =CONVERT(C9,D9,E9)

1.5 hr mn 90 =CONVERT(C10,D10,E10)0.5 mn sec 30 =CONVERT(C11,D11,E11)

What Does It Do ?This function converts a value measure in one type of unit, to the same value expressedin a different type of unit, such as Inches to Centimetres.

Syntax=CONVERT(AmountToConvert,UnitToConvertFrom,UnitToConvertTo)


ExampleThe following table was used by an Import / Exporting company to convert the weightand size of packages from old style UK measuring system to European system.

Pounds Ounces KilogramsWeight 5 3 2.35

=CONVERT(D28,"lbm","kg")+CONVERT(E28,"ozm","kg")

Feet Inches MetresHeight 12 6 3.81Length 8 3 2.51Width 5 2 1.57

=CONVERT(D34,"ft","m")+CONVERT(E34,"in","m")

AbbreviationsThis is a list of all the possible abbreviations which can be used to denote measuring systems.

Weight & Mass DistanceGram g Meter mKilogram kg Statute mile miSlug sg Nautical mile NmiPound mass lbm Inch inU (atomic mass) u Foot ftOunce mass ozm Yard yd

Angstrom angTime Pica (1/72 in.) PicaYear yrDay day PressureHour hr Pascal PaMinute mn Atmosphere atmSecond sec mm of Mercury mmHg

AmountTo Convert

ConvertingFrom

ConvertingTo

ConvertedAmount

A B C D E F G H

1

2

3

4567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253


CONVERT of 343

Temperature LiquidDegree Celsius C Teaspoon tspDegree Fahrenheit F Tablespoon tbsDegree Kelvin K Fluid ounce oz

Cup cupForce Pint ptNewton N Quart qtDyne dyn Gallon galPound force lbf Liter l

Energy PowerJoule J Horsepower HPErg e Watt W

cIT calorie cal MagnetismElectron volt eV Tesla THorsepower-hour HPh Gauss gaWatt-hour WhFoot-pound flbBTU BTU

These characters can be used as a prefix to access further units of measure.

Prefix Multiplier Abbreviation Prefix Multiplier Abbreviationexa 1.00E+18 E deci 1.00E-01 dpeta 1.00E+15 P centi 1.00E-02 ctera 1.00E+12 T milli 1.00E-03 mgiga 1.00E+09 G micro 1.00E-06 umega 1.00E+06 M nano 1.00E-09 nkilo 1.00E+03 k pico 1.00E-12 phecto 1.00E+02 h femto 1.00E-15 fdekao 1.00E+01 e atto 1.00E-18 a

Thermodynamiccalorie

Using "c" as a prefix to meters "m" will allow centimetres "cm" to be calculated.

A B C D E F G H5455565758596061626364656667

68

6970717273747576777879808182838485868788


CORREL of 343

CORREL

Table 1 Table 2

Month Avg Temp SalesJan 20 100 £2,000 £20,000 Feb 30 200 £1,000 £30,000 Mar 30 300 £5,000 £20,000 Apr 40 200 £1,000 £40,000 May 50 400 £8,000 £40,000 Jun 50 400 £1,000 £20,000

Correlation 0.864 Correlation 28% =CORREL(D5:D10,E5:E10) =CORREL(G5:G10,H5:H10)

What Does It Do ?This function examines two sets of data to determine the degree of relationshipbetween the two sets.The result will be a decimal between 0 and 1.The larger the result, the greater the correlation.

In Table 1 the Monthly temperature is compared against the Sales of air conditioning units.The correlation shows that there is an 0.864 realtionship between the data.

In Table 2 the Cost of advertising has been compared to Sales.It can be formatted as percentage % to show a more meaning full result.The correlation shows that there is an 28% realtionship between the data.

Syntax=CORREL(Range1,Range2)

FormattingThe result will normally be shown in decimal format.

Air CondSales

AdvertisingCosts

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23

4

56789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132


COUNT of 343

COUNT

Entries To Be Counted Count10 20 30 3 =COUNT(C4:E4)10 0 30 3 =COUNT(C5:E5)10 -20 30 3 =COUNT(C6:E6)10 1-Jan-88 30 3 =COUNT(C7:E7)10 21:30 30 3 =COUNT(C8:E8)10 0.47 30 3 =COUNT(C9:E9)10 30 2 =COUNT(C10:E10)10 Hello 30 2 =COUNT(C11:E11)10 #DIV/0! 30 2 =COUNT(C12:E12)

What Does It Do ?This function counts the number of numeric entries in a list.It will ignore blanks, text and errors.

Syntax=COUNT(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)


ExampleThe following table was used by a builders merchant to calculate the number of salesfor various products in each month.

Item Jan Feb MarBricks £1,000 Wood £5,000 Glass £2,000 £1,000 Metal £1,000 Count 3 2 0

=COUNT(D29:D32)

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334


COUNTA of 343

COUNTA

Entries To Be Counted Count10 20 30 3 =COUNTA(C4:E4)10 0 30 3 =COUNTA(C5:E5)10 -20 30 3 =COUNTA(C6:E6)10 1-Jan-88 30 3 =COUNTA(C7:E7)10 21:30 30 3 =COUNTA(C8:E8)10 0.01 30 3 =COUNTA(C9:E9)10 30 2 =COUNTA(C10:E10)10 Hello 30 3 =COUNTA(C11:E11)10 #DIV/0! 30 3 =COUNTA(C12:E12)

What Does It Do ?This function counts the number of numeric or text entries in a list.It will ignore blanks.

Syntax=COUNTA(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)


ExampleThe following table was used by a school to keep track of the examinations taken by each pupil.Each exam passed was graded as 1, 2 or 3.A failure was entered as Fail.

The school needed to known how many pupils sat each exam.The school also needed to know how many exams were taken by each pupil.

The =COUNTA() function has been used because of its ability to count text and numeric entries.

Maths English Art History

Alan Fail 1 2Bob 2 1 3 3Carol 1 1 1 3David Fail Fail 2Elaine 1 3 2 Fail 4

=COUNTA(D39:G39)How many pupils sat each Exam.

Maths English Art History4 3 5 2

=COUNTA(D35:D39)

Exams TakenBy Each Pupil

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233

34

35363738394041424344


COUNTBLANK of 343

COUNTBLANK

Range To Test Blanks1 2 =COUNTBLANK(C4:C11)

Hello30

1-Jan-98

5

What Does It Do ?This function counts the number of blank cells in a range.

Syntax=COUNTBLANK(RangeToTest)


ExampleThe following table was used by a company which was balloting its workers on whetherthe company should have a no smoking policy.Each of the departments in the various factories were questioned.The response to the question could be Y or N.As the results of the vote were collated they were entered in to the table.The =COUNTBLANK() function has been used to calculate the number of departments whichhave no yet registered a vote.

Admin Accounts Production PersonnelFactory 1 Y NFactory 2 Y Y NFactory 3Factory 4 N N NFactory 5 Y YFactory 6 Y Y Y NFactory 7 N YFactory 8 N N Y YFactory 9 YFactory 10 Y N Y

Votes not vet registered : 16 =COUNTBLANK(C32:F41)

Votes for Yes : 14 =COUNTIF(C32:F41,"Y")

Votes for No : 10 =COUNTIF(C32:F41,"N")

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647


COUNTIF of 343

COUNTIF

Item Date CostBrakes 1-Jan-98 80Tyres 10-May-98 25

Brakes 1-Feb-98 80Service 1-Mar-98 150Service 5-Jan-98 300Window 1-Jun-98 50Tyres 1-Apr-98 200Tyres 1-Mar-98 100Clutch 1-May-98 250

How many Brake Shoes Have been bought. 2 =COUNTIF(C4:C12,"Brakes")How many Tyres have been bought. 3 =COUNTIF(C4:C12,"Tyres")How many items cost £100 or above. 5 =COUNTIF(E4:E12,">=100")

Type the name of the item to count. service 2 =COUNTIF(C4:C12,E18)

What Does It Do ?This function counts the number of items which match criteria set by the user.

Syntax=COUNTIF(RangeOfThingsToBeCounted,CriteriaToBeMatched)The criteria can be typed in any of the following ways.


To match a specific number type the number, such as =COUNTIF(A1:A5,100)To match a piece of text type the text in quotes, such as =COUNTIF(A1:A5,"Hello")To match using operators surround the expression with quotes, such as =COUNTIF(A1:A5,">100")

A B C D E F G

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132


DATE of 343

DATE

Day Month Year Date25 12 99 12/25/99 =DATE(E4,D4,C4)25 12 99 25-Dec-99 =DATE(E5,D5,C5)33 12 99 January 2, 2000 =DATE(E6,D6,C6)

What Does It Do?This function creates a real date by using three normal numbers typed into separate cells.

Syntax =DATE(year,month,day)

FormattingThe result will normally be displayed in the dd/mm/yy format.By using the Format,Cells,Number,Date command the format can be changed.

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789

10111213141516


DATEDIF of 343

DATEDIF

FirstDate SecondDate Interval Difference1-Jan-60 10-May-70 days #NAME? =DATEDIF(C4,D4,"d")1-Jan-60 10-May-70 months #NAME? =DATEDIF(C5,D5,"m")1-Jan-60 10-May-70 years #NAME? =DATEDIF(C6,D6,"y")1-Jan-60 10-May-70 yeardays #NAME? =DATEDIF(C7,D7,"yd")1-Jan-60 10-May-70 yearmonths #NAME? =DATEDIF(C8,D8,"ym")1-Jan-60 10-May-70 monthdays #NAME? =DATEDIF(C9,D9,"md")

What Does It Do?This function calculates the difference between two dates.It can show the result in weeks, months or years.

Syntax =DATEDIF(FirstDate,SecondDate,"Interval")FirstDate : This is the earliest of the two dates.SecondDate : This is the most recent of the two dates."Interval" : This indicates what you want to calculate.These are the available intervals.

"d" Days between the two dates."m" Months between the two dates."y" Years between the two dates."yd" Days between the dates, as if the dates were in the same year."ym" Months between the dates, as if the dates were in the same year."md" Days between the two dates, as if the dates were in the same month and year.



Years lived : #NAME? =DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"y")and the months : #NAME? =DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"ym")and the days : #NAME? =DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"md")

You can put this all together in one calculation, which creates a text version.#NAME?

="Age is "&DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"y")&" Years, "&DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"ym")&" Months and "&DATEDIF(C8,TODAY(),"md")&" Days"


1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142


DATEVALUE of 343

DATEVALUE

Date Date Value25-dec-99 36519 =DATEVALUE(C4)25/12/99 Err:502 =DATEVALUE(C5)

25-dec-99 36519 =DATEVALUE(C6)25/12/99 Err:502 =DATEVALUE(C7)

What Does It Do?The function is used to convert a piece of text into a date which can be used in calculations.Dates expressed as text are often created when data is imported from other programs, such asexports from mainframe computers.

Syntax =DATEVALUE(text)

FormattingThe result will normally be shown as a number which represents the date. This number canbe formatted to any of the normal date formats by using Format,Cells,Number,Date.

ExampleThe example uses the =DATEVALUE and the =TODAY functions to calculate the number ofdays remaining on a property lease.

The =DATEVALUE function was used because the date has been entered in the cell asa piece of text, probably after being imported from an external program.

Property Ref. Expiry DateBC100 25-dec-99 -3606FG700 10-july/99 Err:502TD200 13-sep-98 -4074HJ900 30/5/2000 Err:502

=DATEVALUE(E32)-TODAY()

Days Until Expiry

A B C D E F G

1

23456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627

28

2930313233


DAVERAGE of 343

DAVERAGE

Product Wattage Brand Unit CostBulb 200 3000 Horizon £4.50 4 3 £54.00 Neon 100 2000 Horizon £2.00 15 2 £60.00 Spot 60 £0.00 Other 10 8000 Sunbeam £0.80 25 6 £120.00 Bulb 80 1000 Horizon £0.20 40 3 £24.00 Spot 100 unknown Horizon £1.25 10 4 £50.00 Spot 200 3000 Horizon £2.50 15 0 £0.00 Other 25 unknown Sunbeam £0.50 10 3 £15.00 Bulb 200 3000 Sunbeam £5.00 3 2 £30.00 Neon 100 2000 Sunbeam £1.80 20 5 £180.00 Bulb 100 unknown Sunbeam £0.25 10 5 £12.50 Bulb 10 800 Horizon £0.20 25 2 £10.00 Bulb 60 1000 Sunbeam £0.15 25 0 £0.00 Bulb 80 1000 Sunbeam £0.20 30 2 £12.00 Bulb 100 2000 Horizon £0.80 10 5 £40.00 Bulb 40 1000 Horizon £0.10 20 5 £10.00

To calculate the Average cost of a particular Brand of bulb.

BrandType the brand name : sunbeam

The Average cost of sunbeam is : £1.24 =DAVERAGE(B3:I19,F3,E23:E24)

What Does It Do ?This function examines a list of information and produces and average.

Syntax=DAVERAGE(DatabaseRange,FieldName,CriteriaRange)

field names at the top of the columns.

The first set of information is the name, or names, of the Fields(s) to be used as the basis for selecting the records, such as the category Brand or Wattage.

The second set of information is the actual record, or records, which are to be selected, such as Horizon as a brand name, or 100 as the wattage.


Examples

The average Unit Cost of a particular Product of a particular Brand.

Product BrandBulb Horizon

This is the Database range.

Life Hours

Box Quantity

Boxes In Stock

Value Of Stock

These two cells are the Criteria range.

The DatabaseRange is the entire list of information you need to examine, including the

The FieldName is the name, or cell, of the values to be averaged, such as "Unit Cost" or F3.

The CriteriaRange is made up of two types of information.

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

4567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132

33

34

35

36

3738

39

4041424344454647484950


DAVERAGE of 343

The average of Horizon Bulb is : £1.16 =DAVERAGE(B3:I19,F3,E49:F50)

This is the same calculation but using the actual name "Unit Cost" instead of the cell address.

£1.16 =DAVERAGE(B3:I19,"Unit Cost",E49:F50)

The average Unit Cost of a Bulb equal to a particular Wattage.

Product WattageBulb 100

Average of Bulb 100 is : £0.53 =DAVERAGE(B3:I19,"Unit Cost",E60:F61)

The average Unit Cost of a Bulb less then a particular Wattage.

Product WattageBulb <100

Average of Bulb <100 is : £0.17 =DAVERAGE(B3:I19,"Unit Cost",E67:F68)

A B C D E F G H I J51525354555657

58

596061626364656667686970


DAY of 343

DAY

Full Date The Day25-Dec-98 25 =DAY(C4)8-Nov-09 Sun 7 =DAY(C5)8-Nov-09 8 =DAY(C6)

What Does It Do?This function extracts the day of the month from a complete date.

Syntax =DAY(value)

FormattingNormally the result will be a number, but this can be formatted to show the actualday of the week by using Format,Cells,Number,Custom and using the code ddd or dddd.

ExampleThe =DAY function has been used to calculate the name of the day for your birthday.

Please enter your date of birth in the format dd/mm/yy : 3/25/1962You were born on : Wednesday 24 =DAY(F21)

A B C D E F G H

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122


DAYS360 of 343

DAYS360

StartDate EndDate Days Between * See the Note below.1-Jan-98 5-Jan-98 4 =DAYS360(C4,D4,TRUE)1-Jan-98 1-Feb-98 30 =DAYS360(C5,D5,TRUE)1-Jan-98 31-Mar-98 89 =DAYS360(C6,D6,TRUE)1-Jan-98 31-Dec-98 359 =DAYS360(C7,D7,TRUE)

What Does It Do?Shows the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year (twelve 30-day months).Use this function if your accounting system is based on twelve 30-day months.

Syntax =DAYS360(StartDate,EndDate,TRUE of FALSE) TRUE : Use this for European accounting systems. FALSE : Use this for USA accounting systems.


NoteThe calculation does not include the last day. The result of using 1-Jan-98 and 5-Jan-98 willgive a result of 4. To correct this add 1 to the result. =DAYS360(Start,End,TRUE)+1

A B C D E F

1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223


DB of 343

DB

Purchase Price : £5,000 Life in Years : 5

Salvage value : £200

Year Deprecation1 £2,375.00 =DB(E3,E5,E4,D8)2 £1,246.88 =DB(E3,E5,E4,D9)3 £654.61 =DB(E3,E5,E4,D10)4 £343.67 =DB(E3,E5,E4,D11)5 £180.43 =DB(E3,E5,E4,D12)

Total Depreciation : £4,800.58 * See example 4 below.

What Does It Do ?This function calculates deprecation based upon a fixed percentage.The first year is depreciated by the fixed percentage.The second year uses the same percentage, but uses the original value of the item lessthe first years depreciation.Any subsequent years use the same percentage, using the original value of the item lessthe depreciation of the previous years.The percentage used in the depreciation is not set by the user, the function calculatesthe necessary percentage, which will be vary based upon the values inputted by the user.

An additional feature of this function is the ability to take into account when the item wasoriginally purchased.If the item was purchased part way through the financial year, the first years depreciationwill be based on the remaining part of the year.

Syntax=DB(PurchasePrice,SalvageValue,Life,PeriodToCalculate,FirstYearMonth)The FirstYearMonth is the month in which the item was purchased during thefirst financial year. This is an optional value, if it not used the function will assume 12 asthe value.


Example 1This example shows the percentage used in the depreciation.Year 1 depreciation is based upon the original Purchase Price alone.Year 2 depreciation is based upon the original Purchase Price minus Year 1 deprecation.Year 3 deprecation is based upon original Purchase Price minus Year 1 + Year 2 deprecation.The % Deprc has been calculated purely to demonstrate what % is being used.

Purchase Price : £5,000 Salvage value : £1,000

Life in Years : 5

Year Deprecation % Deprc1 £1,375.00 27.50%2 £996.88 27.50%3 £722.73 27.50%

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354


DB of 343

4 £523.98 27.50%5 £379.89 27.50%

=DB(E47,E48,E49,D56)

Total Depreciation : £3,998.48

Example 2This example is similar to the previous, with the exception of the deprecation being calculatedon a monthly basis. This has been done by multiplying the years by 12.

Purchase Price : £5,000 Life in Years : £5

Salvage value : 100

Month Deprecation56 £8.79 57 £8.24 58 £7.72 59 £7.23 60 £6.78

=DB(E66,E68,E67*12,D75)

Example 3This example shows how the length of the first years ownership has been taken into account.

Purchase Price : £5,000 Life in Years : 5

Salvage value : £1,000 First Year Ownership In Months : 6

Year Deprecation % Deprc1 £687.50 13.75%2 £1,185.94 27.50%3 £859.80 27.50%4 £623.36 27.50%5 £451.93 27.50%

=DB(E74,E76,E75,D84,E77)

Total Depreciation : £3,808.54

Why Is The Answer Wrong ?In all of the examples above the total depreceation may not be exactly the expected value.This is due to the way in which the percentage value for the depreceation has been calculatedby the =DB() fumction.The percentage rate is calculated by Execl using the formula = 1 - ((salvage / cost) ^ (1 / life)).The result of this calculation is then rounded to three decimal places.Although this rounding may only make a minor change to the percentage rate, when appliedto large values, the differnce is compounded resulting in what could be considered asapproximate values for the the depreceation.

Example 4

A B C D E F G H I555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899

100101102103104105106107108


DB of 343

This example has been created with both the Excel calculated percentage and the 'real'percentage calculated manually.The Excel Deprecation uses the =DB() function.The Real Deprecation uses a manual calculation.

This is the 'real' deprecation percentage, calculated manually : 27.522034% =1-((E117/E116)^(1/E118))

Purchase Price : £5,000 = 1 - ((salvage / cost) ^ (1 / life)).Salvage value : £1,000

Life in Years : 5

Year1 £1,375.0000 £1,376.1017 27.500%2 £996.8750 £997.3705 27.500%3 £722.7344 £722.8739 27.500%4 £523.9824 £523.9243 27.500%5 £379.8873 £379.7297 27.500%

Total Depreciation : £3,998.48 £4,000.00

Error difference : £1.52

ExcelDeprecation

RealDepreciation

Excel% Deprc

A B C D E F G H I109110111112113114115116117118119

120

121122123124125126

127128129


DCOUNT of 343

DCOUNT


Count the number of products of a particular Brand which have a Life Hours rating.

BrandType the brand name : Horizon

The COUNT value of Horizon is : 7 =DCOUNT(B3:I19,D3,E23:E24)

What Does It Do ?This function examines a list of information and counts the values in a specified column.It can only count values, the text items and blank cells are ignored.

Syntax=DCOUNT(DatabaseRange,FieldName,CriteriaRange)





Examples

The count of a particular product, with a specific number of boxes in stock.


Life Hours

Box Quantity

Boxes In Stock

Value Of Stock



The FieldName is the name, or cell, of the values to Count, such as "Value Of Stock" or I3.


A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233

34

35

36

37

3839

40

414243444546474849


DCOUNT of 343

ProductBulb 5

The number of products is : 3 =DCOUNT(B3:I19,H3,E50:F51)

This is the same calculation but using the name "Boxes In Stock" instead of the cell address.

3 =DCOUNT(B3:I19,"Boxes In Stock",E50:F51)

The count of the number of Bulb products equal to a particular Wattage.


The count is : 2 =DCOUNT(B3:I19,"Boxes In Stock",E61:F62)

The count of Bulb products between two Wattage values.

Product Wattage WattageBulb >=80 <=100

The count is : 4 =DCOUNT(B3:I19,"Boxes In Stock",E68:G69)

Boxes In Stock

A B C D E F G H I J

50

5152535455565758

59

606162636465666768697071


DCOUNTA of 343

DCOUNTA


Count the number of products of a particular Brand.


The COUNT value of Horizon is : 8 =DCOUNTA(B3:I19,E3,E23:E24)

What Does It Do ?This function examines a list of information and counts the non blank cells in a specified column.It counts values and text items, but blank cells are ignored.

Syntax=DCOUNTA(DatabaseRange,FieldName,CriteriaRange)





Examples

The count of a product with an unknown Life Hours value.


Life Hours

Box Quantity

Boxes In Stock

Value Of Stock



The FieldName is the name, or cell, of the values to Count, such as "Value Of Stock" or I3.


A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233

34

35

36

37

3839

40

414243444546474849


DCOUNTA of 343

Product Life HoursBulb unknown

The number of products is : 1 =DCOUNTA(B3:I19,D3,E50:F51)

This is the same calculation but using the name "Life Hours" instead of the cell address.

1 =DCOUNTA(B3:I19,"Life Hours",E50:F51)

The count of the number of particular product of a specific brand.

Product BrandBulb Horizon

The count is : 5 =DCOUNTA(B3:I19,"Product",E61:F62)

The count of particular products from specific brands.

Product BrandSpot HorizonNeon Sunbeam

The count is : 3 =DCOUNTA(B3:I19,"Product",E68:F70)

A B C D E F G H I J

50

5152535455565758

59

60616263646566676869707172


DEC2BIN of 343

DEC2BIN

Decimal Number Binary Equivalent0 0 =DEC2BIN(C4)1 1 =DEC2BIN(C5)2 10 =DEC2BIN(C6)3 11 =DEC2BIN(C7)

511 111111111 =DEC2BIN(C8)512 Err:502 =DEC2BIN(C9)-1 1111111111 =DEC2BIN(C10)-2 1111111110 =DEC2BIN(C11)-3 1111111101 =DEC2BIN(C12)

-511 1000000001 =DEC2BIN(C13)-512 1000000000 =DEC2BIN(C14)

Decimal Number Places To Pad Binary Equivalent1 1 1 =DEC2BIN(C17,D17)1 2 01 =DEC2BIN(C18,D18)1 3 001 =DEC2BIN(C19,D19)1 9 000000001 =DEC2BIN(C20,D20)-1 1 1111111111 =DEC2BIN(C21,D21)

What Does It Do ?This function converts a decimal number to its binary equivalent.It can only cope with decimals ranging from -512 to 511.The result can be padded with leading 0 zeros, although this is ignored for negatives.

Syntax=DEC2BIN(DecimalNumber,PlacesToPad)The PlacesToPad is optional.


A B C D E F G H

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233


DEC2HEX of 343

DEC2HEX

Decimal Number Hexadecimal0 0 =DEC2HEX(C4)1 1 =DEC2HEX(C5)2 2 =DEC2HEX(C6)3 3 =DEC2HEX(C7)

25 19 =DEC2HEX(C8)26 1A =DEC2HEX(C9)27 1B =DEC2HEX(C10)28 1C =DEC2HEX(C11)-1 FFFFFFFFFF =DEC2HEX(C12)-2 FFFFFFFFFE =DEC2HEX(C13)-3 FFFFFFFFFD =DEC2HEX(C14)-2 FFFFFFFFFE =DEC2HEX(C15)-1 FFFFFFFFFF =DEC2HEX(C16)

549,755,813,887 7FFFFFFFFF =DEC2HEX(C17)-549,755,813,888 8000000000 =DEC2HEX(C18)549,755,813,888 8000000000 =DEC2HEX(C19)-549,755,813,889 7FFFFFFFFF =DEC2HEX(C20)

Decimal Number Places To Pad Hexadecimal1 1 1 =DEC2HEX(C23,D23)1 2 01 =DEC2HEX(C24,D24)

26 3 01A =DEC2HEX(C25,D25)26 9 00000001A =DEC2HEX(C26,D26)-26 1 FFFFFFFFE6 =DEC2HEX(C27,D27)

What Does It Do ?This function converts a decimal number to its hexadecimal equivalent.It can only cope with decimals ranging from -549,755,813,888 to 549,755,813,887.The result can be padded with leading 0 zeros, although this is ignored for negatives.

Syntax=DEC2HEX(DecimalNumber,PlacesToPad)The PlacesToPad is optional.


A B C D E F G H

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839


DELTA of 343

DELTA

Number1 Number2 Delta10 20 0 =DELTA(C4,D4)50 50 1 =DELTA(C5,D5)

17.5 17.5 1 =DELTA(C6,D6)17.5 18 1 =DELTA(C7,D7)

17.50% 0.18 1 =DELTA(C8,D8)Hello Hello Err:502 =DELTA(C9,D9)

1 =DELTA(C10,D10)

What Does It Do ?This function compares two values and tests whether they are exactly the same.If the numbers are the same the result will be 1, otherwise the result is 0.It only works with numbers, text values produce a result of #VALUE.The formatting of the number is not significant, so numbers which appear rounded dueto the removal of decimal places will still match correctly with non rounded values.

Syntax=DELTA(FirstNumber,SecondNumber)


ExampleThe following table is used to determine how may pairs of similar numbers are in a list.The =DELTA() function tests each pair and then the =SUM() function totals them.

Number1 Number2 Delta10 20 0 =DELTA(C30,D30)50 50 1 =DELTA(C31,D31)30 30 1 =DELTA(C32,D32)

17.5 18 1 =DELTA(C33,D33)12 8 0 =DELTA(C34,D34)100 100 1 =DELTA(C35,D35)150 125 0 =DELTA(C36,D36)

Total Pairs 4 =SUM(E30:E36)

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637


DGET of 343

DGET


How many boxes of a particular item do we have in stock?

Product Wattage BrandBulb 100 Horizon

The number in stock is : 5 =DGET(B3:I19,H3,C23:F24)

What Does It Do ?This function examines a list of information and produces one result.If more than one record matches the criteria the error #NUM is shown.If no records match the criteria the error #VALUE is shown.

Syntax=DGET(DatabaseRange,FieldName,CriteriaRange)



The second set of information is the actual record which needs to be selected, such as Horizon as a brand name, or 100 as the wattage.


Example 1This example extracts information from just one record.



Life Hours

Box Quantity

Boxes In Stock

Value Of Stock

Life Hours


The FieldName is the name, or cell, of the values to Get, such as "Value Of Stock" or I3.


A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

45678910111213141516171819202122

23

2425262728293031323334

35

36

37

38

3940

41

424344454647484950


DGET of 343

Product Wattage BrandBulb 100 Horizon

The number in stock is : 5 =DGET(B3:I19,H3,C51:F52)

Example 2


Product Wattage BrandBulb 100

The number in stock is : Err:502 =DGET(B3:I19,H3,C63:F64)

Example 3This example extracts information from no records and therefore shows the #VALUE error.



The number in stock is : #VALUE! =DGET(B3:I19,H3,C64:F65)

Example 4This example uses the =IF() function to display a message when an error occurs.



The number in stock is : #VALUE! =DGET(B3:I19,H3,C85:F86)

Err:502 =IF(ISERR(F88),CHOOSE(ERROR.TYPE(F88)/3,"No such product.","Duplicates products found."),"One product found.")

Life Hours

This example extracts information from multiple records and therefore shows the #NUM error.

Life Hours

Life Hours

Life Hours

A B C D E F G H I J51

52

53545556575859606162

63

64656667686970717273

74

75767778798081828384

85

868788899091


DMAX of 343

DMAX


To calculate largest Value Of Stock of a particular Brand of bulb.


The MAX value of Horizon is : £60.00 =DMAX(B3:I19,I3,E23:E24)

What Does It Do ?This function examines a list of information and produces the largest value from a specified column.

Syntax=DMAX(DatabaseRange,FieldName,CriteriaRange)





Examples

The largest Value Of Stock of a particular Product of a particular Brand.

Product BrandBulb sunbeam

The largest value is : £30.00 =DMAX(B3:I19,I3,E49:F50)

This is the same calculation but using the name "Value Of Stock" instead of the cell address.

£30.00 =DMAX(B3:I19,"Value Of Stock",E49:F50)


Life Hours

Box Quantity

Boxes In Stock

Value Of Stock



The FieldName is the name or cell, of the values to pick the Max from, such as "Value Of Stock" or I3.



1

2

3

456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132

33

34

35

36

3738

39

4041424344454647484950515253545556


DMAX of 343

The largest Value Of Stock of a Bulb equal to a particular Wattage.


The largest Value Of Stock is : £40.00 =DMAX(B3:I19,"Value Of Stock",E60:F61)

The largest Value Of Stock of a Bulb less than a particular Wattage.


The largest Value Of Stock is : £24.00 =DMAX(B3:I19,"Value Of Stock",E67:F68)

A B C D E F G H I J K57

58

596061626364656667686970


DMIN of 343

DMIN


To calculate lowest Value Of Stock of a particular Brand of bulb.


The MIN value of Horizon is : £10.00 =DMIN(B3:I19,I3,E23:E24)

What Does It Do ?This function examines a list of information and produces smallest value from a specified column.

Syntax=DMIN(DatabaseRange,FieldName,CriteriaRange)





Examples

The lowest Value Of Stock of a particular Product of a particular Brand.


The lowest value is : £3.75 =DMIN(B3:I19,I3,E49:F50)


£3.75 =DMIN(B3:I19,"Value Of Stock",E49:F50)


Life Hours

Box Quantity

Boxes In Stock

Value Of Stock



The FieldName is the name, or cell, of the values to pick the Min from, such as "Value Of Stock" or I3.



1

2

3

456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132

33

34

35

36

3738

39

4041424344454647484950515253545556


DMIN of 343

The lowest Value Of Stock of a Bulb equal to a particular Wattage.


The lowest Value Of Stock is : £12.50 =DMIN(B3:I19,"Value Of Stock",E60:F61)

The lowest Value Of Stock of a Bulb between two Wattage values.

Product Wattage WattageBulb >=80 <=100

The lowest Value Of Stock is : £12.00 =DMIN(B3:I19,"Value Of Stock",E67:G68)

A B C D E F G H I J K57

58

596061626364656667686970


DOLLAR of 343

DOLLAR

10 $10.00 =DOLLAR(C4)10 $10 =DOLLAR(C5,0)10 $10.0 =DOLLAR(C6,1)10 $10.00 =DOLLAR(C7,2)

10.25 $10.25 =DOLLAR(C8)10.25 $10 =DOLLAR(C9,0)10.25 $10.3 =DOLLAR(C10,1)10.25 $10.25 =DOLLAR(C11,2)

What Does It Do?This function converts a number into a piece of text formatted as currency.

Syntax =DOLLAR(Number,DecimalPlaces) Number : This is the number which needs to be converted. DecimalPlaces : This is the amount of decimal places needed in the converted number.

FormattingNo special formatting is needed.The result will be shown as a text entry.

Original Number

Converted To Text

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

456789

1011121314151617181920212223


DSUM of 343

DSUM


To calculate the total Value Of Stock of a particular Brand of bulb.


The stock value of Horizon is : £248.00 =DSUM(B3:I19,I3,E23:E24)

What Does It Do ?This function examines a list of information and produces the total.

Syntax=DSUM(DatabaseRange,FieldName,CriteriaRange)





Examples

The total Value Of Stock of a particular Product of a particular Brand.



Life Hours

Box Quantity

Boxes In Stock

Value Of Stock



The FieldName is the name, or cell, of the values to be totalled, such as "Value Of Stock" or I3.


A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

4567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132

33

34

35

36

3738

39

4041424344454647484950


DSUM of 343

Total stock value is : £54.50 =DSUM(B3:I19,I3,E49:F50)


£54.50 =DSUM(B3:I19,"Value Of Stock",E49:F50)

The total Value Of Stock of a Bulb equal to a particular Wattage.


Total Value Of Stock is : £52.50 =DSUM(B3:I19,"Value Of Stock",E60:F61)

The total Value Of Stock of a Bulb less than a particular Wattage.


Total Value Of Stock is : £56.00 =DSUM(B3:I19,"Value Of Stock",E67:F68)

A B C D E F G H I J51525354555657

58

596061626364656667686970


EAST of 343

Eastern data.Used by the example for the =INDIRECT() function.

Jan Feb Mar TotalAlan 1000 2000 3000 6000Bob 4000 5000 6000 15000

Carol 7000 8000 9000 24000Total 12000 15000 18000 45000

A B C D E F G H I J12345678


EDATE of 343

EDATE

Start Date Plus Months End Date1-Jan-98 3 1-Apr-98 =EDATE(C4,D4)2-Jan-98 3 2-Apr-98 =EDATE(C5,D5)2-Jan-98 -3 2-Oct-97 =EDATE(C6,D6)

What Does It Do?This function is used to calculate a date which is a specific number of months in the past orin the future.

Syntax =EDATE(StartDate,Months)

FormattingThe result will normally be expressed as a number, this can be formatted to representa date by using the Format,Cells,Number,Date command.

ExampleThis example was used by a company hiring contract staff.The company needed to know the end date of the employment.The Start date is entered.The contract Duration is entered as months.The =EDATE() function has been used to calculate the end of the contract.

Start Duration EndTue 06-Jan-98 3 Mon 06-Apr-98 =EDATE(C27,D27)Mon 12-Jan-98 3 Sun 12-Apr-98 =EDATE(C28,D28)

Fri 09-Jan-98 4 Sat 09-May-98 =EDATE(C29,D29)Fri 09-Jan-98 3 Thu 09-Apr-98 =EDATE(C30,D30)

Mon 19-Jan-98 3 Sun 19-Apr-98 =EDATE(C31,D31)Mon 26-Jan-98 3 Sun 26-Apr-98 =EDATE(C32,D32)Mon 12-Jan-98 3 Sun 12-Apr-98 =EDATE(C33,D33)

The company decide not to end contracts on Saturday or Sunday.The =WEEKDAY() function has been used to identify the actaul weekday number of the end date.If the week day number is 6 or 7, (Sat or Sun), then 5 is subtracted from the =EDATE() to ensure the end of contract falls on a Friday.

Start Duration EndTue 06-Jan-98 3 Mon 06-Apr-98Mon 12-Jan-98 3 Fri 10-Apr-98

Fri 09-Jan-98 4 Fri 08-May-98Fri 09-Jan-98 3 Thu 09-Apr-98

Mon 19-Jan-98 3 Fri 17-Apr-98Mon 26-Jan-98 3 Fri 24-Apr-98Mon 12-Jan-98 3 Fri 10-Apr-98

=EDATE(C48,D48)-IF(WEEKDAY(EDATE(C48,D48),2)>5,WEEKDAY(EDATE(C48,D48),2)-5,0)

A B C D E F G

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950


EOMONTH of 343

EOMONTH

StartDate Plus Months End Of Month5-Jan-98 2 35885 =EOMONTH(C4,D4)5-Jan-98 2 31-Mar-98 =EOMONTH(C5,D5)5-Jan-98 -2 30-Nov-97 =EOMONTH(C6,D6)

What Does It Do?This function will show the last day of the month which is a specified number of monthsbefore or after a given date.

Syntax =EOMONTH(StartDate,Months)

FormattingThe result will normally be expressed as a number, this can be formatted to representa date by using the Format,Cells,Number,Date command.

A B C D E F G

1

234567891011121314151617


ERROR.TYPE of 343

ERROR.TYPE

Data The Error Error Type10 0 #DIV/0! 532 =ERROR.TYPE(E4)10 3 Err:508 508 =ERROR.TYPE(E5)10 3 #VALUE! 519 =ERROR.TYPE(E6)

10:00 13:00 21:00 #N/A =ERROR.TYPE(E7)

What Does It Do?This function will show a number which corresponds to an error produced by a formula.

Syntax =ERROR.TYPE(Error) Error is the cell reference where the error occurred.

FormattingThe result will be formatted as a normal number.

ExampleSee Example 4 in the =DGET() function.

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789101112131415161718192021


EVEN of 343

EVEN

Original Value Evenly Rounded1 2 =EVEN(C4)

1.2 2 =EVEN(C5)2.3 4 =EVEN(C6)25 26 =EVEN(C7)

What Does It Do ?This function round a number up the nearest even whole number.

Syntax=EVEN(Number)


ExampleThe following table is used by a garage which repairs cars.The garage is repairing a fleet of cars from three manufactures.Each manufacturer uses a different type of windscreen wiper which are only supplied in pairs.

Table 1 was used to enter the number of wipers required for each type of carand then show how many pairs need to be ordered.

Table 1Car Wipers To Order Pairs to Order

Vauxhall 5 3 =EVEN(D28)/2Ford 9 5 =EVEN(D29)/2

Peugeot 7 4 =EVEN(D30)/2

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930


EXACT of 343

EXACT

Text1 Text2 ResultHello Hello TRUE =EXACT(C4,D4)Hello hello FALSE =EXACT(C5,D5)Hello Goodbye FALSE =EXACT(C6,D6)

What Does It Do?This function compares two items of text and determine whether they are exactly the same.The case of the characters is taken into account, only words which are spelt the same andwhich have upper and lower case characters in the same position will be considered as equal.

Syntax =EXACT(Text1,Text2) Only two items of text can be compared.

FormattingIf the two items of text are exactly the same the result of TRUE will be shown.If there is any difference in the two items of text the result of FALSE will be shown.

ExampleHere is a simple password checking formula.You need to guess the correct password.The password is the name of a colour, either red blue or green.The case of the password is important.The =EXACT() function is used to check your guess.

Guess the password : redIs it correct : No

(To stop you from cheating, the correct password has been entered as a series of =CHAR()functions, which use the ANSI number of the characters rather than the character itself!)Its still very easy though.

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233


FACT of 343

FACT

Number Factorial3 6 =FACT(C4)

3.5 6 =FACT(C5)5 120 =FACT(C6)

10 3,628,800 =FACT(C7)20 2,432,902,008,176,640,000 =FACT(C8)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the factorial of a number.The factorial is calculated as 1*2*3*4..etc.The factorial of 5 is calculated as 1*2*3*4*5, which results in 120.Decimal fractions of the number are ignored.

Syntax=FACT(Number)

Formatting.No special formatting is needed.

A B C D E F G H

1

234567891011121314151617181920


FIND of 343

FIND

Text Letter To Find Position Of LetterHello e 2 =FIND(D4,C4)Hello H 1 =FIND(D5,C5)Hello o 5 =FIND(D6,C6)

Alan Williams a 3 =FIND(D7,C7)Alan Williams a 11 =FIND(D8,C8,6)Alan Williams T #VALUE! =FIND(D9,C9)

What Does It Do?This function looks for a specified letter inside another piece of text.When the letter is found the position is shown as a number.If the text contains more than one reference to the letter, the first occurrence is used.An additional option can be used to start the search at a specific point in the text, thusenabling the search to find duplicate occurrences of the letter.If the letter is not found in the text, the result #VALUE is shown.

Syntax =FIND(LetterToLookFor,TextToLookInside,StartPosition)LetterToLookFor : This needs to be a single character.TextToLookInside : This is the piece of text to be searched through.StartPosition : This is optional, it specifies at which point in the text the search should begin.

FormattingNo special formatting is needed, the result will be shown as a number.

A B C D E F G

1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526


FIXED of 343

FIXED

10 10.00 =FIXED(C4)10 10 =FIXED(C5,0)10 10.0 =FIXED(C6,1)10 10.00 =FIXED(C7,2)

10.25 10.25 =FIXED(C8)10.25 10 =FIXED(C9,0)10.25 10.3 =FIXED(C10,1)10.25 10.25 =FIXED(C11,2)1000 1,000.00 =FIXED(C12)

1000.23 1,000 =FIXED(C13,0)1000.23 1000 =FIXED(C14,0,TRUE)

What Does It Do ?This function converts a numeric value to text.During the conversion the value can be rounded to a specific number of decimal places,and commas can be inserted at the 1,000's.

Syntax=FIXED(NumberToConvert,DecimalPlaces,Commas)If DecimalPlaces places is not specified the function will assume 2.The Commas option can be TRUE for commas or FALSE for no commas.If the Commas is not specified the function will assume TRUE.

FormattingNo special formatting is needed.Note that any further formatting with the Format, Cells, Number command will not have any effect.

Original Number

Converted To Text

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

4567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829


FLOOR of 343

FLOOR

Number Rounded Down1.5 1 =FLOOR(C4,1)2.3 2 =FLOOR(C5,1)2.9 2 =FLOOR(C6,1)123 100 =FLOOR(C7,50)145 100 =FLOOR(C8,50)175 150 =FLOOR(C9,50)

What Does It Do ?This function rounds a value down to the nearest multiple specified by the user.

Syntax=FLOOR(NumberToRound,SignificantValue)


ExampleThe following table was used to calculate commission for members of a sales team.Commission is only paid for every £1000 of sales.The =FLOOR() function has been used to round down the Actual Sales to thenearest 1000, which is then used as the basis for Commission.

Name Actual Sales Relevant Sales CommissionAlan £23,500 £23,000 £230 Bob £56,890 £56,000 £560

Carol £18,125 £18,000 £180 =FLOOR(D29,1000)

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930


FORECAST of 343

FORECAST

Month Sales1 £1,000 2 £2,000 3 £2,500 4 £3,500 5 £3,800 6 £4,000

Type the month number to predict : 12The Forecast sales figure is : £7,997 =FORECAST(E11,F4:F9,E4:E9)

What Does It Do ?This function uses two sets of values to predict a single value.The predicted value is based on the relationship between the two original sets of values.If the values are sales figures for months 1 to 6, (Jan to Jun), you can use the functionto predict what the sales figure will be in any other month.The way in which the prediction is calculated is based upon the assumption of a Linear Trend.

Syntax=FORECAST(ItemToForeCast,RangeY,RangeX)ItemToForecast is the point in the future, (or past), for which you need the forecast.RangeY is the list of values which contain the historical data to be used as the basisof the forecast, such as Sales figures.RangeX is the intervals used when recording the historical data, such as Month number.


ExampleThe following table was used by a company considering expansion of their sales team.The Size and Performance of the previous teams over a period of three years were entered.The size of the New Sales team is entered.The =FORECAST() function is used to calculate the predicted performance for the new salesteam based upon a linear trend.

Year1996 10 £5,000 1997 20 £8,000 1998 30 £8,500

Size Of The New Sales Team : 40Estimated Forecast Of Performance : £10,667 =FORECAST(E43,E39:E41,D39:D41)

Size OfSales Team

KnownPerformance

A B C D E F G H I

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637

38

394041424344


FREQUENCY of 343

FREQUENCY

Jan Feb MarNorth £5,000 £6,000 £4,500 South £5,800 £7,000 £3,000 East £3,500 £2,000 £10,000 West £12,000 £4,000 £6,000

Sales £4,000 and below. £4,000 4 {=FREQUENCY(D4:F7,E9:E11)}Sales above £4,000 up to £6,000 £6,000 5 {=FREQUENCY(D4:F7,E9:E11)}

Sales above £6,000 £999,999 3 {=FREQUENCY(D4:F7,E9:E11)}

What Does It Do ?This function compares a range of data against a list of intervals.The result shows how many items in the range of data fall between the intervals.The function is entered in the cells as an array, that is why it is enclosed in { } braces.

Syntax=FREQUENCY(RangeOfData,ListOfIntervals)


Example 1The following tables were used to record the weight of a group of children.The =FREQUENCY() function was then used to calculate the number of children whoseweights fell between specified intervals.

Weight Kg Number Of Children:Child 1 20.47 Between 0 - 15 Kg 2Child 2 22.83 Above 15 but less than or equal to 20 Kg 4Child 3 15.74 Above 20 Kg 3Child 4 10.80 {=FREQUENCY(C30:C38,C41:C43)}Child 5 8.28 {=FREQUENCY(C30:C38,C41:C43)}Child 6 20.66 {=FREQUENCY(C30:C38,C41:C43)}Child 7 17.36Child 8 16.67Child 9 18.01

Kg Weight Intervals1520

100

Example 2This example uses characters instead of values.A restaurant has asked 40 customers for their rating of the food in the restaurant.The ratings were entered into a table as a single letter, E, V, A, P or D.The manager now wants to calculate how many responses fell into each category.Unfortunately, the =FREQUENCY() function ignores text entries, so how can the frequencyof text be calculated?

The answer is to use the =CODE() and =UPPER() functions.

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354


FREQUENCY of 343

The =UPPER() forces all the text entries to be considered as capital letters.The =CODE() function calculates the unique ANSI code for each character.As this code is a numeric value, the =FREQUENCY() function can then be used!

Rating FrequencyExcellent E 6 {=FREQUENCY(CODE(UPPER(B67:I71)),CODE(UPPER(C60:C64)))}

Very Good V 8 {=FREQUENCY(CODE(UPPER(B67:I71)),CODE(UPPER(C60:C64)))}

Average A 9 {=FREQUENCY(CODE(UPPER(B67:I71)),CODE(UPPER(C60:C64)))}

Poor P 8 {=FREQUENCY(CODE(UPPER(B67:I71)),CODE(UPPER(C60:C64)))}

Disgusting D 9 {=FREQUENCY(CODE(UPPER(B67:I71)),CODE(UPPER(C60:C64)))}

Customer RatingsV D V A p A D DV P a D A P V dA V E P p E D AA E d V D P a EV e P P A V E D

A B C D E F G H I5556575859606162636465666768697071


FREQUENCY 2 of 343

FREQUENCY 2

This example shows how the =FREQUENCY() function has been used to calculatehow often certain numbers appear in the Lottery results.

Table 1 is a record of all the results from the past seven weeks.

Table 1Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7

1st Number 3 36 5 3 2 41 45

2nd Number 6 3 19 37 23 15 4

3rd Number 15 44 35 20 47 29 44

4th Number 32 15 32 46 6 45 23

5th Number 37 31 13 22 49 13 43

6th Number 5 22 30 8 49 11 46

Bonus Ball 17 13 15 25 18 17 1

Table 2 is the list of possible number from 1 to 49, and how many appearanceseach number has made during the past seven weeks.

Table 2

1 1 {=FREQUENCY(C10:I16,B24:B72)}2 1 {=FREQUENCY(C10:I16,B24:B72)}3 3 {=FREQUENCY(C10:I16,B24:B72)}4 1 {=FREQUENCY(C10:I16,B24:B72)}5 2

6 2

7 0

8 1

9 0 Special tip!10 0 To count how many unique numbers in a range11 1 use the following formula. It has to be entered,12 0 as an array, so press Ctrl+Shift+Enter rather than,13 3 just Enter alone.14 0

15 4 Unique values. 3116 0

17 2 =SUM(1/COUNTIF(C10:I16,C10:I16))18 1

19 1

20 1

21 0

22 2

23 2

24 0

25 1

26 0

27 0

28 0

29 1

LotteryNumber

How ManyAppearances

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

10111213141516171819202122

23

2425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152


FREQUENCY 2 of 343

30 1

31 1

32 2

33 0

34 0

35 1

36 1

37 2

38 0

39 0

40 0

41 1

42 0

43 1

44 2

45 2

46 2

47 1

48 0

49 2

A B C D E F G H I5354555657585960616263646566676869707172


GCD of 343

GCD

Numbers6 15 3 =GCD(C4,D4)

28 49 7 =GCD(C5,D5)5 99 1 =GCD(C6,D6)

Numbers18 72 96 6 =GCD(C9,D9,E9)300 500 200 100 =GCD(C10,D10,E10)2.5 4 6 0.5 =GCD(C11,D11,E11)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the largest number which can be used to divided all thevalues specified.The result is always a whole number.Where there is no common divisor the value of 1 is used.Decimal fractions are ignored.

Syntax=GCD(Number1,Number2,Number3... through to Number29)


GreatestDivisor

GreatestDivisor

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

4567

8

9101112131415161718192021222324


GESTEP of 343

GESTEP

Number1 Number2 GESTEP10 20 0 =GESTEP(C4,D4)50 20 1 =GESTEP(C5,D5)99 100 0 =GESTEP(C6,D6)100 100 1 =GESTEP(C7,D7)101 100 1 =GESTEP(C8,D8)

2 1 =GESTEP(C9,D9)2 0 =GESTEP(C10,D10)

What Does It Do ?This function test a number to see if it is greater than or equal to another number.If the number is greater than or equal, the result of 1 will be shown, otherwise 0 is shown.

Syntax=GESTEP(NumberToTest,NumberToTestAgainst)


ExampleThe following table was used to calculate how many sales staff achieved their targets.The =GESTEP() function compares the Sales with Target, and the results are totalled.

Name Sales Target GESTEPAlan £3,000 £4,000 0 =GESTEP(D27,E27)Bob £5,000 £4,000 1 =GESTEP(D28,E28)

Carol £1,000 £2,000 0 =GESTEP(D29,E29)David £2,000 £2,000 1 =GESTEP(D30,E30)Eric £8,000 £7,000 1 =GESTEP(D31,E31)

Targets Achieved 3 =SUM(F27:F31)

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233


HEX2DEC of 343

HEX2DEC

Hexadecimal Decimal Number0 0 =HEX2DEC(C4)1 1 =HEX2DEC(C5)2 2 =HEX2DEC(C6)3 3 =HEX2DEC(C7)

1A 26 =HEX2DEC(C8)1B 27 =HEX2DEC(C9)

7FFFFFFFFF 549,755,813,887 =HEX2DEC(C10)8000000000 -549,755,813,888 =HEX2DEC(C11)FFFFFFFFFF -1 =HEX2DEC(C12)FFFFFFFFFE -2 =HEX2DEC(C13)FFFFFFFFFD -3 =HEX2DEC(C14)

What Does It Do ?This function converts a hexadecimal number to its decimal equivalent.

Syntax=HEX2DEC(HexaDecimalNumber)


ExampleThe following table was used to add two hexadecimal values together.

HexadecimalValue 1 FValue 2 1AResult 29 =DEC2HEX(HEX2DEC(C29)+HEX2DEC(C30))

A B C D E F G

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031


HLOOKUP of 343

HLOOKUP

Jan Feb Mar row 1 The row numbers are not needed.

10 80 97 row 2 they are part of the illustration.

20 90 69 row 3

30 100 45 row 4

40 110 51 row 5

50 120 77 row 6

Type a month to look for : FebWhich row needs to be picked out : 4

The result is : 100 =HLOOKUP(F10,D3:F10,F11,FALSE)

What Does It Do ?This function scans across the column headings at the top of a table to find a specified item.When the item is found, it then scans down the column to pick a cell entry.

Syntax=HLOOKUP(ItemToFind,RangeToLookIn,RowToPickFrom,SortedOrUnsorted)The ItemToFind is a single item specified by the user.The RangeToLookIn is the range of data with the column headings at the top.The RowToPickFrom is how far down the column the function should look to pick from.The Sorted/Unsorted is whether the column headings are sorted. TRUE for yes, FALSE for no.


Example 1This table is used to find a value based on a specified month and name.The =HLOOKUP() is used to scan across to find the month.The problem arises when we need to scan down to find the row adjacent to the name.To solve the problem the =MATCH() function is used.

The =MATCH() looks through the list of names to find the name we require. It then calculatesthe position of the name in the list. Unfortunately, because the list of names is not as deepas the lookup range, the =MATCH() number is 1 less than we require, so and extra 1 isadded to compensate.

The =HLOOKUP() now uses this =MATCH() number to look down the month column andpicks out the correct cell entry.

The =HLOOKUP() uses FALSE at the end of the function to indicate to Excel that thecolumn headings are not sorted, even though to us the order of Jan,Feb,Mar is correct.

Jan Feb MarBob 10 80 97Eric 20 90 69Alan 30 100 45Carol 40 110 51David 50 120 77

Type a month to look for : feb

If they were sorted alphabetically they would have read as Feb,Jan,Mar.

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354


HLOOKUP of 343

Type a name to look for : alan

The result is : 100 =HLOOKUP(F54,D47:F54,MATCH(F55,C48:C52,0)+1,FALSE)

Example 2This example shows how the =HLOOKUP() is used to pick the cost of a spare part fordifferent makes of cars.The =HLOOKUP() scans the column headings for the make of car specified in column B.When the make is found, the =HLOOKUP() then looks down the column to the row specifiedby the =MATCH() function, which scans the list of spares for the item specified in column C.

The function uses the absolute ranges indicated by the dollar symbol $. This ensures thatwhen the formula is copied to more cells, the ranges for =HLOOKUP() and =MATCH() donot change.

Maker Spare Cost

Vauxhall Ignition £50 Vauxhall Ford VWVW GearBox £600 GearBox 500 450 600Ford Engine £1,200 Engine 1000 1200 800VW Steering £275 Steering 250 350 275Ford Ignition £70 Ignition 50 70 45Ford CYHead £290 CYHead 300 290 310

Vauxhall GearBox £500 Ford Engine £1,200

=HLOOKUP(B79,G72:I77,MATCH(C79,F73:F77,0)+1,FALSE)

Example 3In the following example a builders merchant is offering discount on large orders.The Unit Cost Table holds the cost of 1 unit of Brick, Wood and Glass.The Discount Table holds the various discounts for different quantities of each product.The Orders Table is used to enter the orders and calculate the Total.

All the calculations take place in the Orders Table.The name of the Item is typed in column C.

The Unit Cost of the item is then looked up in the Unit Cost Table. The FALSE option has been used at the end of the function to indicate that the product names across the top of the Unit Cost Table are not sorted. Using the FALSE option forces the function to search for an exact match. If a match is not found, the function will produce an error. =HLOOKUP(C127,E111:G112,2,FALSE)

The discount is then looked up in the Discount TableIf the Quantity Ordered matches a value at the top of the Discount Table the =HLOOKUP willlook down the column to find the correct discount. The TRUE option has been used at the end of the function to indicate that the values across the top of the Discount Table are sorted. Using TRUE will allow the function to make an approximate match. If the Quantity Ordered does not match a value at the top of the Discount Table, the next lowest value is used. Trying to match an order of 125 will drop down to 100, and the discount from the 100 column is used. =HLOOKUP(D127,E115:G118,MATCH(C127,D116:D118,0)+1,TRUE)

A B C D E F G H I J555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899

100101102103104105106107108


HLOOKUP of 343

Unit Cost TableBrick Wood Glass

£2 £1 £3

Discount Table1 100 300

Brick 0% 6% 8%Wood 0% 3% 5%Glass 0% 12% 15%

Orders TableItem Units Unit Cost Discount TotalBrick 100 £2 6% £188 Wood 200 £1 3% £194 Glass 150 £3 12% £396 Brick 225 £2 6% £423 Wood 50 £1 0% £50 Glass 500 £3 15% £1,275

Unit Cost =HLOOKUP(C127,E111:G112,2,FALSE)

Discount =HLOOKUP(D127,E115:G118,MATCH(C127,D116:D118,0)+1,TRUE)

A B C D E F G H I J109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131


HOUR of 343

HOUR

Number Hour21:15 21 =HOUR(C4)0.25 6 =HOUR(C5)

What Does It Do?The function will show the hour of the day based upon a time or a number.

Syntax =HOUR(Number)

FormattingThe result will be shown as a normal number between 0 and 23.

A B C D E F G H I

1

234567891011121314


IF of 343

IF

Name Sales Target ResultAlan 1000 5000 Not Achieved =IF(C4>=D4,"Achieved","Not Achieved")Bob 6000 5000 Achieved =IF(C5>=D5,"Achieved","Not Achieved")

Carol 2000 4000 Not Achieved =IF(C6>=D6,"Achieved","Not Achieved")

What Does It Do?This function tests a condition.If the condition is met it is considered to be TRUE.If the condition is not met it is considered as FALSE.Depending upon the result, one of two actions will be carried out.

Syntax =IF(Condition,ActionIfTrue,ActionIfFalse)The Condition is usually a test of two cells, such as A1=A2.The ActionIfTrue and ActionIfFalse can be numbers, text or calculations.


Example 1The following table shows the Sales figures and Targets for sales reps.Each has their own target which they must reach.The =IF() function is used to compare the Sales with the Target.If the Sales are greater than or equal to the Target the result of Achieved is shown.If the Sales do not reach the target the result of Not Achieved is shown.Note that the text used in the =IF() function needs to be placed in double quotes "Achieved".

Name Sales Target ResultAlan 1000 5000 Not Achieved =IF(C31>=D31,"Achieved","Not Achieved")Bob 6000 5000 Achieved =IF(C32>=D32,"Achieved","Not Achieved")

Carol 2000 4000 Not Achieved =IF(C33>=D33,"Achieved","Not Achieved")

Example 2The following table is similar to that in Example 1.This time the Commission to be paid to the sales rep is calculated.If the Sales are greater than or equal to the Target, the Commission is 10% of Sales.If the Sales do not reach Target, the Commission is only 5% of Sales.

Name Sales Target CommissionAlan 1000 5000 50 =IF(C43>=D43,C43*10%,C43*5%)Bob 6000 5000 600 =IF(C44>=D44,C44*10%,C44*5%)

Carol 2000 4000 100 =IF(C45>=D45,C45*10%,C45*5%)

Example 3This example uses the =AND() within the =IF() function.A builders merchant gives 10% discount on certain product lines.The discount is only given on products which are on Special Offer, when the Order Valueis £1000 or above.

the value of the order is above £1000.

Special OrderProduct Offer Value Discount TotalWood Yes £2,000 £200 £1,800

The =AND() function is used with the =IF() to check that the product is on offer and that

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758


IF of 343

Glass No £2,000 £- £2,000 Cement Yes £500 £- £500

Turf Yes £3,000 £300 £2,700 =IF(AND(C61="Yes",D61>=1000),D61*10%,0)

A B C D E F G H I J59606162


INDEX of 343

INDEX

Holiday booking price list.

PeopleWeeks 1 2 3 4

1 £500 £300 £250 £200 2 £600 £400 £300 £250 3 £700 £500 £350 £300

How many weeks required : 2How many people in the party : 4

Cost per person is : 250 =INDEX(D7:G9,G11,G12)

What Does It Do ?This function picks a value from a range of data by looking down a specified numberof rows and then across a specified number of columns.It can be used with a single block of data, or non-continuos blocks.

SyntaxThere are various forms of syntax for this function.

Syntax 1=INDEX(RangeToLookIn,Coordinate)This is used when the RangeToLookIn is either a single column or row.The Co-ordinate indicates how far down or across to look when picking the data from the range.Both of the examples below use the same syntax, but the Co-ordinate refers to a row whenthe range is vertical and a column when the range is horizontal.

ColoursRed

GreenBlue Size Large Medium Small

Type either 1, 2 or 3 : 2 Type either 1, 2 or 3 : 2The colour is : Green The size is : Medium

=INDEX(D32:D34,D36) =INDEX(G34:I34,H36)

Syntax 2=INDEX(RangeToLookIn,RowCoordinate,ColumnColumnCordinate)This syntax is used when the range is made up of rows and columns.

Country Currency Population CapitolEngland Sterling 50 M LondonFrance Franc 40 M Paris

Germany DM 60 M BonnSpain Peseta 30 M Barcelona

Type 1,2,3 or 4 for the country : 2Type 1,2 or 3 for statistics : 3

The result is : Paris =INDEX(D45:F48,F50,F51)

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354


INDEX of 343

Syntax 3=INDEX(NamedRangeToLookIn,RowCoordinate,ColumnColumnCordinate,AreaToPickFrom)Using this syntax the range to look in can be made up of multiple areas.The easiest way to refer to these areas is to select them and give them a single name.

The AreaToPickFrom indicates which of the multiple areas should be used.

In the following example the figures for North and South have been named as onerange called NorthAndSouth.

NORTH Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4Bricks £1,000 £2,000 £3,000 £4,000 Wood £5,000 £6,000 £7,000 £8,000 Glass £9,000 £10,000 £11,000 £12,000

SOUTH Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4Bricks £1,500 £2,500 £3,500 £4,500 Wood £5,500 £6,500 £7,500 £8,500 Glass £9,500 £10,500 £11,500 £12,500

Type 1, 2 or 3 for the product : 1Type 1, 2, 3 or 4 for the Qtr : 3

Type 1 for North or 2 for South : 2

The result is : Err:504 =INDEX(NorthAndSouth,F76,F77,F78)

ExampleThis is an extended version of the previous example.It allows the names of products and the quarters to be entered.The =MATCH() function is used to find the row and column positions of the names entered.These positions are then used by the =INDEX() function to look for the data.

EAST Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4Bricks £1,000 £2,000 £3,000 £4,000 Wood £5,000 £6,000 £7,000 £8,000 Glass £9,000 £10,000 £11,000 £12,000

WEST Qtr1 Qtr2 Qtr3 Qtr4Bricks £1,500 £2,500 £3,500 £4,500 Wood £5,500 £6,500 £7,500 £8,500 Glass £9,500 £10,500 £11,500 £12,500

Type 1, 2 or 3 for the product : woodType 1, 2, 3 or 4 for the Qtr : qtr2

Type 1 for North or 2 for South : west

The result is : Err:504

=INDEX(EastAndWest,MATCH(F100,C91:C93,0),MATCH(F101,D90:G90,0),IF(F102=C90,1,IF(F102=C95,2)))

A B C D E F G H I555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899

100101102103104105106


INDIRECT of 343

INDIRECT

Jan Feb MarNorth 10 20 30South 40 50 60East 70 80 90West 100 110 120

Type address of any of the cells in the above table, such as G6 : G6

The value in the cell you typed is : 80 =INDIRECT(H9)

What Does It Do ?This function converts a plain piece of text which looks like a cell address into a usablecell reference.The address can be either on the same worksheet or on a different worksheet.

Syntax=INDIRECT(Text)


Example 1This example shows how data can be picked form other worksheets by usingthe worksheet name and a cell address.The example uses three other worksheets named NORTH, SOUTH and EAST.The data on these three sheets is laid out in the same cells on each sheet.

When a reference to a sheet is made the exclamation symbol ! needs to be placedbetween the sheet name and cell address acting as punctuation.

NorthC8

The contents of the cell C8 on North is : 120 =INDIRECT(G33&"!"&G34)

The =INDIRECT() created a reference to =NORTH!C8

Example 2This example uses the same data as above, but this time the =SUM() function isused to calculate a total from a range of cells.

SouthC5C7

The sum of the range C5:C7 on South is : 1200 =SUM(INDIRECT(G44&"!"&G45&":"&G46))

The =INDIRECT() created a reference to =SUM(SOUTH!C5:C7)

Type the name of the sheet, such as North : Type the cell to pick data from, such as C8 :

Type the name of the sheet, such as South : Type the start cell of the range, such as C5 : Type the end cell of the range, such as C7 :

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051


INFO of 343

INFO

System InformationCurrent directory Err:502 =INFO("directory")

Available bytes of memory Err:502 =INFO("memavail")Memory in use Err:502 =INFO("memused")

Total bytes of memory Err:502 =INFO("totmem")Number of active worksheets 1 =INFO("numfile")

Cell currently in the top left of the window Err:502 =INFO("origin")Operating system Windows (32-bit) NT 5.01 =INFO("osversion")

Recalculation mode Automatic =INFO("recalc")Excel version 310m19(Build:9420) =INFO("release")

Name of system. (PC or Mac) LINUX =INFO("system")

What Does It Do?This function provides information about the operating environment of the computer.

Syntax =INFO(text) text : This is the name of the item you require information about.

FormattingThe results will be shown as text or a number depending upon what was requested.

A B C D E F

1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223


INT of 343

INT

Number Integer1.5 1 =INT(C4)2.3 2 =INT(C5)

10.75 10 =INT(C6)-1.48 -2 =INT(C7)

What Does It Do ?This function rounds a number down to the nearest whole number.

Syntax=INT(Number)


ExampleThe following table was used by a school to calculate the age a child when theschool year started.A child can only be admitted to school if they are over 8 years old.The Birth Date and the Term Start date are entered and the age calculated.Table 1 shows the age of the child with decimal places

Table 1Birth Date Term Start Age1-Jan-80 1-Sep-88 8.67 =(D27-C27)/365.255-Feb-81 1-Sep-88 7.5720-Oct-79 1-Sep-88 8.871-Mar-81 1-Sep-88 7.5

Table 2 shows the age of the child with the Age formatted with no decimal places.This has the effect of increasing the child age.

Table 2Birth Date Term Start Age1-Jan-80 1-Sep-88 9 =(D38-C38)/365.255-Feb-81 1-Sep-88 820-Oct-79 1-Sep-88 91-Mar-81 1-Sep-88 8

Table 3 shows the age of the child with the Age calculated using the =INT() function toremove the decimal part of the number to give the correct age.

Table 3Birth Date Term Start Age1-Jan-80 1-Sep-88 8 =INT((D49-C49)/365.25)5-Feb-81 1-Sep-88 720-Oct-79 1-Sep-88 81-Mar-81 1-Sep-88 7

NoteThe age is calculated by subtracting the Birth Date from the Term Start to find theage of the child in days.The number of days is then divided by 365.25

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758


INT of 343

The reason for using 365.25 is to take account of the leap years.A B C D E F G H I J

59


ISBLANK of 343

ISBLANK

Data Is The Cell Blank1 FALSE =ISBLANK(C4)

Hello FALSE =ISBLANK(C5)TRUE =ISBLANK(C6)

25-Dec-98 FALSE =ISBLANK(C7)

What Does It Do?This function will determine if there is an entry in a particular cell.It can be used when a spreadsheet has blank cells which may cause errors, but whichwill be filled later as the data is received by the user.Usually the function is used in conjunction with the =IF() function which can test the resultof the =ISBLANK()

Syntax =ISBLANK(CellToTest)

FormattingUsed by itself the result will be shown as TRUE or FALSE.

ExampleThe following example shows a list of cheques received by a company.When the cheque is cleared the date is entered.Until the Cleared date is entered the Cleared column is blank.While the Cleared column is blank the cheque will still be Outstanding.When the Cleared date is entered the cheque will be shown as Banked.The =ISBLANK() function is used to determine whether the Cleared column is empty or not.

Cheques Received Date DateNum From Received Amount Cleared Banked Outstandingchq1 ABC Ltd 1-Jan-98 £100 2-Jan-98 100 0chq2 CJ Design 1-Jan-98 £200 7-Jan-98 200 0chq3 J Smith 2-Jan-98 £50 0 50chq4 Travel Co. 3-Jan-98 £1,000 0 1000chq5 J Smith 4-Jan-98 £250 6-Jan-98 250 0

=IF(ISBLANK(F36),0,E36) =IF(ISBLANK(F36),E36,0)

Totals 550 1050

A B C D E F G H I

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940


ISERR of 343

ISERR

Cell to test Result3 FALSE =ISERR(D4)

#DIV/0! TRUE =ISERR(D5)Err:508 TRUE =ISERR(D6)

#VALUE! TRUE =ISERR(D7)Err:502 TRUE =ISERR(D8)Err:502 TRUE =ISERR(D9)

#N/A FALSE =ISERR(D10)

What Does It Do ?This function tests a cell and shows TRUE if there is an error value in the cell.It will show FALSE if the contents of the cell calculate without an error, or if the erroris the #NA message.

Syntax=ISERR(CellToTest)The CellToTest can be a cell reference or a calculation.


ExampleThe following tables were used by a publican to calculate the cost of a single bottleof champagne, by dividing the cost of the crate by the quantity of bottles in the crate.

Table 1 shows what happens when the value zero 0 is entered as the number of bottles.The #DIV/0 indicates that an attempt was made to divide by zero 0, which Excel does not do.

Table 1Cost Of Crate : £24

Bottles In Crate : 0Cost of single bottle : #DIV/0! =E32/E33

Table 2 shows how this error can be trapped by using the =ISERR() function.

Table 2Cost Of Crate : £24

Bottles In Crate : 0Cost of single bottle : Try again! =IF(ISERR(E40/E41),"Try again!",E40/E41)

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142


ISERROR of 343

ISERROR

Cell to test Result3 FALSE =ISERROR(D4)

#DIV/0! TRUE =ISERROR(D5)Err:508 TRUE =ISERROR(D6)

#VALUE! TRUE =ISERROR(D7)Err:502 TRUE =ISERROR(D8)Err:502 TRUE =ISERROR(D9)

#N/A TRUE =ISERROR(D10)

What Does It Do ?This function tests a cell or calculation to determine whether an error has been generated.It will show TRUE for any type of error and FALSE if no error is found.

Syntax=ISERROR(CellToTest)The CellToTest can be a cell reference or a formula.


ExampleThe following tables was used to calculate the difference between two dates.

Table 1 shows an error due to the fact that the first entry was entered using an inappropriatedate format.

Table 1Start date : Jan 01 98

End date : 5-Jan-98Difference : 3-Jan-00 =D31-D30

Table 2 shows how the =ISERROR() function has been used to trap the error and inform theuser that there has been an error in the data entry.

Table 2Start date : Jan 01 98

End date : 5-Jan-98Difference : 3-Jan-00

=IF(ISERROR(D40-D39),"Error in data entry",D40-D39)

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142


ISEVEN of 343

ISEVEN

Number Is it Even1 0 =ISEVEN(C4)2 1 =ISEVEN(C5)

2.5 1 =ISEVEN(C6)2.6 1 =ISEVEN(C7)3.5 0 =ISEVEN(C8)3.6 0 =ISEVEN(C9)

Hello 1 =ISEVEN(C10)1-Feb-98 0 =ISEVEN(C11)1-Feb-96 1 =ISEVEN(C12)

What Does It Do ?This function tests a number to determine whether it is even.An even number is shown as TRUE an odd number is shown as FALSE.Note that decimal fractions are ignored.Note that dates can be even or odd.Note that text entries result in the #VALUE! error.

Syntax =ISEVEN(CellToTest)


A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526


ISLOGICAL of 343

ISLOGICAL

Cell To Test ResultFALSE TRUE =ISLOGICAL(D4)TRUE TRUE =ISLOGICAL(D5)

FALSE =ISLOGICAL(D6)20 FALSE =ISLOGICAL(D7)

1-Jan-98 FALSE =ISLOGICAL(D8)Hello FALSE =ISLOGICAL(D9)

#DIV/0! FALSE =ISLOGICAL(D10)

What Does It Do ?This function tests a cell to determine whether the cell contents are logical.The logical values can only be TRUE or FALSE.If the cell does contain a logical value, the result TRUE is shown.If the cell does not contain a logical value, the result FALSE is shown.

Syntax=ISLOGICAL(CellToTest)


A B C D E F G H I J

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122


ISNA of 343

ISNA

Number Result1 FALSE =ISNA(C4)

Hello FALSE =ISNA(C5)FALSE =ISNA(C6)

1-Jan-98 FALSE =ISNA(C7)#N/A TRUE =ISNA(C8)

What Does It Do?This function tests a cell to determine whether it contains the Not Available error #N/A.The #N/A is generated when a function cannot work properly because of missing data.The #N/A can also be typed in to a cell by the user to indicate the cell is currently empty,but will be used for data entry in the future.The function is normally used with other functions such as the =IF() function.

Syntax =ISNA(CellToTest)


A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789

10111213141516171819202122


ISNONTEXT of 343

ISNONTEXT

Item To Test Is It A Number?10 TRUE =ISNONTEXT(C4)

Hello FALSE =ISNONTEXT(C5)TRUE =ISNONTEXT(C6)

1-Jan-98 TRUE =ISNONTEXT(C7)1OO FALSE =ISNONTEXT(C8)

What Does It Do?This functions tests an entry to determine whether it is a number, rather than text.It would be used to ensure that only numeric entries are used in calculations, ratherthan text which looks like a number, such as typing the letter O instead of zero 0.The function is normally used with other function such as the =IF() function.

Syntax =ISNONTEXT(CellToTest)

FormattingNo special formatting.

ExamplesThe following table is used by an electrical retailer to calculate the selling priceof an item based on the buying price and the shop mark-up.

Table 1 shows the #VALUE! error generated when a number, 300, is enteredusing the letter O instead of the zero 0.

Table 1Item Buying Price Mark-up Profit

Radio 400 150% 600TV 800 200% 1600

Video 3OO 150% #VALUE! =D32*E32

Table 2 shows how the error is trapped using the =ISNONTEXT function andthe =IF() function in the calculation.

Table 2Item Buying Price Mark-up Profit

Radio 400 150% 600TV 800 200% 1600

Video 3OO 150% Retype the Price =IF(ISNONTEXT(D40),D40*E40,"Retype the Price")

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627

28

29303132

33

3435

36

3738394041


ISNUMBER of 343

ISNUMBER

Cell Entry Result1 TRUE =ISNUMBER(D4)

1-Jan-98 TRUE =ISNUMBER(D5)FALSE =ISNUMBER(D6)

#DIV/0! FALSE =ISNUMBER(D7)Hello FALSE =ISNUMBER(D8)

What Does It Do ?This function examines a cell or calculation to determine whether it is a numeric value.If the cell or calculation is a numeric value the result TRUE is shown.If the cell or calculation is not numeric, or is blank, the result FALSE is shown.

Syntax=ISNUMBER(CellToTest)The cell to test can be a cell reference or a calculation.


ExampleThe following table was used by a personnel department to lookup the salary of an employee.The employee can be entered as a Name or as a Numeric value.The =ISNUMBER() function has been used to identify the type of entry made, and thenthe =IF() decides which VLOOKUP to perform.

ID No. Name Salary1 Alan £10,000 2 Eric £12,000 3 Carol £8,000 4 Bob £15,000 5 David £12,000

Type Employee Name or ID : ericThe Salary is : £12,000

=IF(ISNUMBER(E35),VLOOKUP(E35,C29:E33,3,FALSE),VLOOKUP(E35,D29:E33,2,FALSE))

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637


ISODD of 343

ISODD

Number Is it Odd1 1 =ISODD(C4)2 0 =ISODD(C5)

2.5 0 =ISODD(C6)2.6 0 =ISODD(C7)3.5 1 =ISODD(C8)3.6 1 =ISODD(C9)

Hello 0 =ISODD(C10)1-Feb-98 1 =ISODD(C11)1-Feb-96 0 =ISODD(C12)

What Does It Do ?This function tests a number to determine whether it is odd.An odd number is shown as TRUE an even number is shown as FALSE.Note that decimal fractions are ignored.Note that dates can be odd or even.Note that text entries result in the #VALUE! error.

Syntax =ISODD(CellToTest)


A B C D E F G H I J

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526


ISREF of 343

ISREF

TRUE =ISREF(A1)FALSE =ISREF(B99)

Err:508 =ISREF(Hello)FALSE =ISREF(10)FALSE =ISREF(NOW())FALSE =ISREF("A1")

Err:508 =ISREF(XX99)

What Does It Do ?This function shows TRUE if given a cell address, or FALSE for any other type of value.Its a bit of an odd one, and is normally used in macros rather than on the worksheet.

Syntax=ISREF(ValueToTest)The ValueToTest can be any type of data, but when used on the worksheet, it cannot be areference to the contents of another cell, as the reference will itself be evaluated by the function.


A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021


ISTEXT of 343

ISTEXT

Cell To Test ResultHello TRUE =ISTEXT(D4)

1 FALSE =ISTEXT(D5)25-Dec-98 FALSE =ISTEXT(D6)

FALSE =ISTEXT(D7)

What Does It Do ?This functions tests an entry to determine whether it is text.If the entry is text is shows TRUE.If the entry is any other type it shows FALSE.

Syntax=ISTEXT(CellToTest)


ExampleThe following table was used by a personnel department to lookup the salary of an employee.The employee can be entered as a Name or as a Numeric value.The =ISTEXT() function has been used to identify the type of entry made, and thenthe =IF() decides which VLOOKUP to perform.

ID No. Name Salary1 Alan £10,000 2 Eric £12,000 3 Carol £8,000 4 Bob £15,000 5 David £12,000

Type Employee Name or ID : 3The Salary is : £8,000

=IF(ISTEXT(E33),VLOOKUP(E33,D27:E31,2,FALSE),VLOOKUP(E33,C27:E31,3,FALSE))

A B C D E F G H I

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435


LARGE of 343

LARGE

Values Highest Value 800 =LARGE(C4:C8,1)120 2nd Highest Value 250 =LARGE(C4:C8,2)800 3rd Highest Value 120 =LARGE(C4:C8,3)100 4th Highest Value 120 =LARGE(C4:C8,4)120 5th Highest Value 100 =LARGE(C4:C8,5)250

What Does It Do ?This function examines a list of values and picks the value at a user specified positionin the list.

Syntax=LARGE(ListOfNumbersToExamine,PositionToPickFrom)


ExampleThe following table was used to calculate the top 3 sales figures between Jan, Feb and Mar.

Sales Jan Feb MarNorth £5,000 £6,000 £4,500 South £5,800 £7,000 £3,000 East £3,500 £2,000 £10,000 West £12,000 £4,000 £6,000

Highest Value £12,000 =LARGE(D24:F27,1)2nd Highest Value £10,000 =LARGE(D24:F27,2)3rd Highest Value £7,000 =LARGE(D24:F27,3)

NoteAnother way to find the Highest and Lowest values would have been to usethe =MAX() and =MIN() functions.

Highest £12,000 =MAX(D24:F27)Lowest £2,000 =MIN(D24:F27)

A B C D E F G H I J

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738


LCM of 343

LCM

Numbers6 20 60 =LCM(C4,D4)12 18 36 =LCM(C5,D5)34 96 1632 =LCM(C6,D6)

What Does It Do ?This function calculate the Least Common Multiple, which is the smallest numberthat can be divided by each of the given numbers.

Syntax=LCM(Number1,Number2,Number3... through to Number29)


LeastCommonMultiple

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

456789

10111213141516


LEFT of 343

LEFT

Text Left StringAlan Jones 1 A =LEFT(C4,D4)Alan Jones 2 Al =LEFT(C5,D5)Alan Jones 3 Ala =LEFT(C6,D6)

Cardiff 6 Cardif =LEFT(C7,D7)ABC123 4 ABC1 =LEFT(C8,D8)

What Does It Do ?This function displays a specified number of characters from the left hand side of apiece of text.

Syntax=LEFT(OriginalText,NumberOfCharactersRequired)


ExampleThe following table was used to extract the first name of a person from their full name.The =FIND() function was used to locate position of the space between the first and second name.The length of the first name is therefore the position of the space minus one character.The =LEFT() function can now extract the first name based on the position of the space.

Full Name First NameAlan Jones Alan =LEFT(C27,FIND(" ",C27)-1)Bob Smith Bob =LEFT(C28,FIND(" ",C28)-1)

Carol Williams Carol =LEFT(C29,FIND(" ",C29)-1)

Number OfCharacters Required

A B C D E F G H I

1

2

3

4567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829


LEN of 343

LEN

Text LengthAlan Jones 10 =LEN(C4)Bob Smith 9 =LEN(C5)

Carol Williams 14 =LEN(C6)Cardiff 7 =LEN(C7)

ABC123 6 =LEN(C8)

What Does It Do ?This function counts the number of characters, including spaces and numbers, in a piece of text.

Syntax=LEN(Text)

FormattingNo Special formatting is needed.

ExampleThis example shows how the =LEN() function is used in a formula which extracts thesecond name from a text entry containing both first and second names.

Original TextCarol Williams 6 =FIND(" ",C24)

This is the position of the space.

Carol Williams 8 =LEN(C24)-FIND(" ",C24)This is the length of the second name.Calculated by taking the overall length of the completename and subtracting the position of the space.

=RIGHT(C24,LEN(C24)-FIND(" ",C24))This is just the second name.Calculated by using the =RIGHT() function to extractthe rightmost characters up to the length ofthe second name.

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536


LOOKUP (Array) of 343

LOOKUP (Array)

Name Jan Feb MarAlan 10 80 97Bob 20 90 69

Carol 30 100 45David 40 110 51Eric 50 120 77

Francis 60 130 28Gail 70 140 73

Type a Name in this cell : Eric

77 =LOOKUP(F12,D4:G10)

What Does It Do ?This function looks for a piece of information in a list, and then picks an item from thelast cell in the adjacent row or column.

It always picks the data from the end of the row or column, so it is no good if you needto pick data from part way across a list, (use VLOOKUP or HLOOKUP).

The way in which the function decides whether to pick from the row or column is basedon the size of the table.

trying to find a match for the piece of informationyou asked it to look for.When a match is found, the function will lookacross to the right most column to pick the last entry on the row.

work in just the same way as if the table had morerows than columns, as in the description above.

to find a match for the piece of information youhave asked it to look for.When a match is found, the function will then lookdown to the bottom cell of the column to pickthe last entry of the column.

Syntax=LOOKUP(WhatToLookFor,RangeToLookIn)The WhatToLookFor should be a single item.The RangeToLook in can be either horizontal or vertical.Be careful not to include unnecessary heading in the range as these will cause errors.

Example 1 Example 2In this table there are more In this table there are more columns than rows, sorows than columns, so the the row heading of Jan is not included in the

The March value for this person is :

If the table has more rows than columns : the function will look down the left most column

If the table has the same amount of rows and columns :the function will look down the left most column and

If the table has more columns than rows : the function will look across the top row trying

A B C D E F G H I J

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253


LOOKUP (Array) of 343

column heading of Jan is lookup range.not included in the lookuprange. Alan Bob Carol David

Jan Jan 100 100 100 100Alan 100Bob 100

Carol 100David 100Eric 100Fred 100


ProblemsThe list of information to be looked through must be sorted in ascending order, otherwise errorswill occur, either as #N/A or incorrect results.

Table 1 shows the Name column sorted alphabetically, the results of using =LOOKUP() willbe correct.

Table 2 shows the same data, but not sorted. Sometimes the results will be correct, but othertimes the result will be an #N/A error or incorrect figure.

Table 1 Table 2Name Jan Feb Mar Name Jan Feb MarAlan 10 80 97 David 40 110 51Bob 20 90 69 Eric 50 120 77

Carol 30 100 45 Alan 10 80 97David 40 110 51 Bob 20 90 69Eric 50 120 77 Carol 30 100 45

Francis 60 130 28 Francis 60 130 28Gail 70 140 73 Gail 70 140 73

Name : Eric Name : Eric

Value : 77 Value : 77 =LOOKUP(C88,B80:E86) =LOOKUP(H88,G80:J86)

A B C D E F G H I J5455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091


LOOKUP (Vector) of 343

LOOKUP (Vector)

Name Jan Feb MarAlan 10 80 97Bob 20 90 69

Carol 30 100 45David 40 110 51Eric 50 120 77

Francis 60 130 28Gail 70 140 73

Type a Name in this cell : Eric

120 =LOOKUP(F12,D4:G10,F4:F10)

What Does It Do ?This function looks for a piece of information in a list, and then picks an item froma second range of cells.

Syntax=LOOKUP(WhatToLookFor,RangeToLookIn,RangeToPickFrom)The WhatToLookFor should be a single item.The RangeToLook in can be either horizontal or vertical.The RangeToPickFrom must have the same number of cells in it as the RangeToLookin.Be careful not to include unnecessary heading in the ranges as these will cause errors.


ExampleThe following example shows how the =LOOKUP() function was used to match a name typedin cell G41 against the list of names in C38:C43. When a match is found the =LOOKUP() thenpicks from the second range E38:J38.If the name Carol is used, the match is made in the third cell of the list of names, and thenthe function picks the third cell from the list of values.

RangeToLookIn RangeToPickFrom

Alan 5 10 15 20 25 30Bob

CarolDavid Type a name : CarolEric Value : 15Fred =LOOKUP(G41,C38:C43,E38:J38)

ProblemsThe list of information to be looked through must be sorted in ascending order, otherwise errorswill occur, either as #N/A or incorrect results.

The Feb value for this person is :

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748


LOWER of 343

LOWER

Upper Case Text Lower CaseALAN JONES alan jones =LOWER(C4)BOB SMITH bob smith =LOWER(C5)

CAROL WILLIAMS carol williams =LOWER(C6)CARDIFF cardiff =LOWER(C7)ABC123 abc123 =LOWER(C8)

What Does It Do ?This function converts all characters in a piece of text to lower case.

Syntax=LOWER(TextToConvert)


A B C D E F G H

1

234567891011121314151617


MATCH of 343

MATCH

Names ValuesBob 250Alan 600

David 1000Carol 4000

Type a name to look for : Alan Type a value : 1000

The position of Alan is : 2 Value position : 3 =MATCH(E9,E4:E7,0) =MATCH(I9,I4:I7,1)

What Does It Do ?This function looks for an item in a list and shows its position.It can be used with text and numbers.It can look for an exact match or an approximate match.

Syntax=MATCH(WhatToLookFor,WhereToLook,TypeOfMatch)The TypeOfMatch either 0, 1 or -1.

Using 0 will look for an exact match. If no match is found the #NA error will be shown.

Using 1 will look for an exact match, or the next lowest number if no exact match exists. If there is no match or next lowest number the error #NA is shown. The list of values being examined must be sorted for this to work correctly.

Using -1 will look for an exact match, or the next highest number if no exact match exists. If there is no exact match or next highest number the error #NA is shown. The list must be sorted for this to work properly.

Examples 1Using the 0 option suitable for an exact match.

Ascending Descending Wrong Value10 40 1020 30 2030 20 3040 10 40

20 20 252 3 #N/A

=MATCH(G45,G40:G43,0)

Example 2Using the 1 option suitable for a ascending list to find an exact or next lowest match.

The Ascending list gives the exact match.The Descending list gives the exact match.The Wrong Value list cannot find an exact match, so the #NA is shown.

The Ascending list gives the exact match.The Descending list gives the #NA error.

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253


MATCH of 343


20 20 252 #N/A 2

=MATCH(G62,G57:G60,1)

Example 3Using the -1 option suitable for a descending list to find an exact or next highest match.


20 20 252 3 2

=MATCH(G79,G74:G77,-1)

Example 4The tables below were used to by a bus company taking booking for bus tours.They need to allocate a bus with enough seats for the all the passengers.The list of bus sizes has been entered in a list.The number of passengers on the tour is then entered.The =MATCH() function looks down the list to find the bus with enough seats.If the number of passengers is not an exact match, the next biggest bus will be picked.After the =MATCH() function has found the bus, the =INDEX() function has been usedto look down the list again and pick out the actual bus size required.

Bus Size Passengers on the tour : 23Bus 1 54 Bus size needed : 50Bus 2 50 =INDEX(D95:D99,MATCH(H94,D95:D99,-1),0)Bus 3 22Bus 4 15Bus 5 6

Example 5The tables below were used by a school to calculate the exam grades for pupils.The list of grade breakpoints was entered in a list.The pupils scores were entered in another list.The pupils scores are compared against the breakpoints.

The Wrong Value list finds the next lowest number..

The Ascending list gives the #NA error.The Descending list gives the exact match.The Wrong Value list finds the next highest number.

A B C D E F G H I54555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106


MATCH of 343

If an exact match is not found, the next lowest breakpoint is used.The =INDEX() function then looks down the Grade list to find the grade.

Exam Score Grade Pupil Score Grade0 Fail Alan 60 Pass50 Pass Bob 6 Fail90 Merit Carol 97 Distinction95 Distinction David 89 Pass

=INDEX(D111:D114,MATCH(G114,C111:C114,1),0)

A B C D E F G H I107108109110111112113114115


MAX of 343

MAX

Values Maximum120 800 100 120 250 800 =MAX(C4:G4)

Dates Maximum1-Jan-98 25-Dec-98 31-Mar-98 27-Dec-98 4-Jul-98 27-Dec-98 =MAX(C7:G7)

What Does It Do ?This function picks the highest value from a list of data.

Syntax=MAX(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)


ExampleIn the following example the =MAX() function has been used to find the highest value foreach region, month and overall.

Sales Jan Feb Mar Region MaxNorth £5,000 £6,000 £4,500 £6,000 =MAX(C23:E23)South £5,800 £7,000 £3,000 £7,000 East £3,500 £2,000 £10,000 £10,000 West £12,000 £4,000 £6,000 £12,000

Month Max £12,000 £7,000 £10,000 =MAX(E23:E26)

Overall Max £12,000 =MAX(C23:E26)

A B C D E F G H I

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031


MEDIAN of 343

MEDIAN

Value1 Value2 Value3 Value4 Value5 Median20 50 10 30 40 30 =MEDIAN(C4:G4)

2000 1000 10 20 8000 1000 =MEDIAN(C6:G6)

10 20 40 40 40 40 =MEDIAN(C8:G8)

Value1 Value2 Value3 Value4 Median20 40 30 10 25 =MEDIAN(C11:F11)

20 20 40 20 20 =MEDIAN(C13:F13)

What Does It Do ?This function finds the median value of a group of values.The median is not the average, it is the half way point where half the numbers in the group arelarger than it and half the numbers are less than it.If there is no exact median number in the group, the two nearest the half way point areadded and their average is used as the median.

Syntax=MEDIAN(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)


A B C D E F G H I J

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526


MID of 343

MID

Text Mid StringABCDEDF 1 3 ABC =MID(C4,D4,E4)ABCDEDF 2 3 BCD =MID(C5,D5,E5)ABCDEDF 5 2 ED =MID(C6,D6,E6)

ABC-100-DEF 100 =MID(C8,5,3)ABC-200-DEF 200 =MID(C9,5,3)ABC-300-DEF 300 =MID(C10,5,3)

Item Size: Large Large =MID(C12,12,99)Item Size: Medium Medium =MID(C13,12,99)Item Size: Small Small =MID(C14,12,99)

What Does It Do ?This function picks out a piece of text from the middle of a text entry.The function needs to know at what point it should start, and how many characters to pick.If the number of characters to pick exceeds what is available, only the available characterswill be picked.

Syntax=MID(OriginalText,PositionToStartPicking,NumberOfCharactersToPick)


Example 1The following table uses the =MID() function to extract a post code from a branch ID usedby a company.It is assumed that all branch ID's follow the same format with the letters identifying thepostal region being in the 5th and 6th positions.

Branch ID Postal RegionDRS-CF-476 CF =MID(C35,5,2)DRS-WA-842 WA =MID(C36,5,2)HLT-NP-190 NP =MID(C37,5,2)

Example 2This example shows how to extract an item which is of variable length, which is insidea piece of text which has no standard format, other than the required text is alwaysbetween two slash / symbols.

Full Branch Code Postal RegionDRS/STC/872 STCHDRS/FC/111 FCS/NORTH/874 NORTH

HQ/K/875 KSPECIAL/UK & FR/876 UK & FR

StartPosition

How ManyCharacters

=MID(C50,FIND("/",C50)+1,FIND("/",C50,FIND("/",C50)+1)-FIND("/",C50)-1)

A B C D E F G H

1

2

3

456789

10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152


MID of 343

Find the first /, plus 1 for the Start of the code.Find the second /, occurring after the first /Calculate the length of the text to extract, by subtracting the positionof the first / from the position of the second /

A B C D E F G H53545556


MIN of 343

MIN

Values Minimum120 800 100 120 250 100 =MIN(C4:G4)

Dates Maximum1-Jan-98 25-Dec-98 31-Mar-98 27-Dec-98 4-Jul-98 1-Jan-98 =MIN(C7:G7)

What Does It Do ?This function picks the lowest value from a list of data.

Syntax=MIN(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)


ExampleIn the following example the =MIN() function has been used to find the lowest value foreach region, month and overall.

Sales Jan Feb Mar Region MinNorth £5,000 £6,000 £4,500 £4,500 =MIN(C23:E23)South £5,800 £7,000 £3,000 £3,000 East £3,500 £2,000 £10,000 £2,000 West £12,000 £4,000 £6,000 £4,000

Month MIN £3,500 £2,000 £3,000 =MIN(E23:E26)

Overall MIN £2,000 =MIN(C23:E26)

A B C D E F G H I

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031


MINUTE of 343

MINUTE

Number Minute11/8/2009 7:37 37 =MINUTE(D4)9:15:00 PM 15 =MINUTE(D5)

0.02 28 =MINUTE(D6)0.52 28 =MINUTE(D7)1.52 28 =MINUTE(D8)

What Does It Do?The function will show the minute of the hour based upon a time or a number.Only the fraction part of the number is used as it is this which relates to time of day.

Syntax =MINUTE(Number)


ExampleThe =REPT() function has been used to make a digital display for the current time.The time functions of =HOUR(), =MINUTE() and =SECOND() have been used in conjunctionwith the =NOW() as the basis for the number of repeats.To update the clock press the function key F9.

ClockHour ||||||| 07

Minute |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 34Second |||||||||||||||||| 18

=REPT("|",HOUR(NOW()))&" "&TEXT(HOUR(NOW()),"00") =REPT("|",MINUTE(NOW()))&" "&TEXT(MINUTE(NOW()),"00") =REPT("|",SECOND(NOW()))&" "&TEXT(SECOND(NOW()),"00")

Related InformationTo convert a time in hh:mm format to decimal format.

Enter a time in hh:mm format : 2:45

The same time converted to a decimal : 2.75 =F38*24

To extract the hours as a decimal : 2 =INT(F38*24)

To extract the minutes as a decimal : 0.75 =MOD(F38*24,1)

To convert a time in decimal format to hh:mm format.

Enter a time in decimal format : 3.75

The same time converted to hh:mm format is : 3:45 =F49/24

To extract the hours in hh:mm format : 3:00 =INT(F49)/24

To extract the minutes in hh:mm format : 0:45 =MOD(F49,1)/24

A B C D E F G H I

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556


MINUTE of 343

The three formula above have also been formatted as hh:mm usingthe Format, Cells, Number, Time command.

A B C D E F G H I5758


MMULT of 343

MMULT

What Does It Do ?This function multiplies one range of values with another range of values.The ranges do not have to be of equal size.The dimensions of the result range is in direct proportion to dimensions of the two input ranges.It is an Array function and must be entered using the Ctrl+Shift+Enter combination.

Syntax=MMULT(Range1,Range2)


ExampleThe following tables were used by a company producing boxes of chocolates.The types of chocolate produced were Milk, Dark and White.The company boxed the chocolates in three differing mixtures of Milk, Dark and White.In the run up to Christmas customers ordered various quantities of each box.The chocolate company now needed to know what quantity of each type of chocolate to produce.The =MMULT() function was used to multiply the contents of boxes by the customer orders.The result of the =MMULT() is the total number of each type of chocolate to produce.

Chocolates in the boxSize Milk Dark WhiteGiant 50 50 50

Standard 30 20 10Economy 20 5 5

Customers OrdersGiant Standard Economy300 400 500

Quantity To ProduceMilk Dark White

37,000 25,500 21,500

{=MMULT(C32:E32,C26:E28)}In all three cells

How It Was DoneCells C36 to E36 were selected.The formula =MMULT(C32:E32,C26:E28) was typed, (but not yet entered).The keys Ctrl+Shift+Enter were pressed to confirm the entry as an array.The formula then showed the correct result.

Getting The Dimensions CorrectThe dimensions of the Result range are directly related to the two input ranges.The number of rows in the Result should be equal to the rows in Range1.The number of columns in the Result should be equal to the columns in Range2.

Example 2The following tables were used by the chocolate company to calculate the amount of

A B C D E F G H I J

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253


MMULT of 343

ingredients needed to produce batches of chocolate.

The company has four factories, each of which has to order enough Butter, Eggs and Sugarto ensure they can meet production targets.

Range 1 contains the planned production of Milk and Dark chocolate for each factory.Range 2 contains the amount Butter, Eggs and Sugar needed to make 1 unit of Milk or Plain.The Result range shows the quantities of each ingredient that will have to be ordered tomeet the production target.

Note the depth of the Result is the same as the depth of Range 1, and the width ofthe Result is the same as the width of Range 2.

Range 1 Range 2Production Milk Dark Ingredients Butter Eggs SugarFactory 1 20 0 Milk 1 3 10Factory 2 20 1 Dark 2 2 5Factory 3 10 5Factory 4 20 10

ResultIngredients To Order Butter Eggs Sugar

Factory 1 20 60 200Factory 2 22 62 205Factory 3 20 40 125Factory 4 40 80 250

{=MMULT(C69:D72,G69:I70)}In all cells

HintTo get a feel for how the =MMULT() function operates, set all values in Range1 and Range2to zero 0, then change a single value in each.

A B C D E F G H I J5455565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788


MOD of 343

MOD

Number Divisor Remainder12 5 2 =MOD(C4,D4)20 7 6 =MOD(C5,D5)18 3 0 =MOD(C6,D6)9 2 1 =MOD(C7,D7)

24 7 3 =MOD(C8,D8)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the remainder after a number has been divided by another number.

Syntax=MOD(Number,Divisor)


A B C D E F G H I

1

234567891011121314151617


MODE of 343

MODE

Value1 Value2 Value3 Value4 Value5 Mode20 50 10 10 40 10 =MODE(C4:G4)

40 20 40 10 40 40 =MODE(C6:G6)

10 10 99 20 20 10 =MODE(C8:G8)20 20 99 10 10 10 =MODE(C9:G9)10 20 20 99 10 10 =MODE(C10:G10)

10 20 30 40 50 #VALUE! =MODE(C12:G12)

What Does It Do ?This function displays the most frequently occurring number in a group of numbers.For it to work correctly there must be at least two numbers which are the same.If all the values in the group are unique the function shows the error #N/A.When there is more than one set of duplicates, the number closest to the beginningof the group will be used. (Which is not really an accurate answer!)

Syntax=MODE(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30)


ExampleThe following table shows garments sold in a clothes shop.The shopkeeper wants to keep track of the most commonly sold size.The =MODE() function has been used to calulate this.

Order Garmet Size001 Blouse 10 Most frequently ordered size : 10002 Skirt 10 =MODE(D33:D52)003 Shirt 8004 Blouse 10005 Skirt 12 Count of size 8 : 6006 Dress 8 =COUNTIF(D33:D52,"8")007 Shirt 10008 Blouse 10 Count of size 10 : 11009 Dress 8 =COUNTIF(D33:D52,"10")010 Shirt 10011 Dress 12 Count of size 12 : 3012 Skirt 12 =COUNTIF(D33:D52,"12")013 Skirt 10014 Shirt 10015 Dress 8016 Shirt 10017 Blouse 10018 Blouse 8019 Dress 10020 Skirt 8

Note

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354


MODE of 343

If the =AVERAGE() function had been used the answer would have been : 9.7This figure is of no benefit to the shopkeeper as there are no garmets of this size!

A B C D E F G H I J5556


MONTH of 343

MONTH

Original Date Month1-Jan-98 1 =MONTH(C4)1-Jan-98 December =MONTH(C5)

What Does It Do?This function extracts the month from a complete date.

Syntax =MONTH(Date)

FormattingNormally the result will be a number, but this can be formatted to show the actualmonth by using Format,Cells,Number,Custom and using the code mmm or mmmm.

ExampleThe =MONTH function has been used to calculate the name of the month for your birthday.

Please enter your date of birth in the format dd/mm/yy 3/25/1962You were born in January =MONTH(F20)

A B C D E F G

1

23456789

101112131415161718192021


MROUND of 343

MROUND

Number Multiple110 50 100 =MROUND(C4,D4)120 50 100 =MROUND(C5,D5)150 50 150 =MROUND(C6,D6)160 50 150 =MROUND(C7,D7)170 50 150 =MROUND(C8,D8)

What Does It Do ?This function rounds a number up or down to the nearest multiple specified by the user.

Syntax=MROUND(NumberToRound,MultipleToUse)


RoundedValue

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

4567891011121314151617


N of 343

N

Original Converted1 1 =N(C4)

3 1/2 3.5 =N(C5)3.5 3.5 =N(C6)

3.50% 0.04 =N(C7)25-Dec-98 36154 =N(C8)

TRUE 1 =N(C9)FALSE 0 =N(C10)Hello 0 =N(C11)

0 =N(C12)

What Does It Do ?This function converts a numeric entry to its mathematical value.Anything which will not convert is shown as 0 zero.Excel does not really need this function, due to the fact that Excel calculates in this waynaturally. The function is included for compatibility with other spreadsheet programs.

Syntax=N(NumericEntry)


A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324


NA of 343

NA

#N/A =NA()

Value Test10 11 =IF(ISBLANK(C6),NA(),C6+1)

#N/A =IF(ISBLANK(C7),NA(),C7+1)30 31 =IF(ISBLANK(C8),NA(),C8+1)

SalesNorth 100South #N/A =NA()East #N/A =NA()West 200Total #N/A =SUM(D11:D14)

What Does It Do ?This function is a place marker used to indicate that required information is Not Available.It can be type directly in to a cell as =NA() or it can be used as part of a calculation.When the =NA() is used, any calculations which depend upon the cell will also show #NA.It is used to indicate that all the data has not yet been entered in to the spreadsheet.

Syntax=NA()


ExampleThe following table was used by a company to calculate the monthly Wage of an employee.The Salary and Tax percentage are entered.The Tax is then deducted from the Salary to calculate the Wage.

Table 1 shows that when the Tax is not entered, the Wage is still calculated.On a large spreadsheet this may go unnoticed and the wrong Wage paid.

Table 1Salary Tax % Pay

Alan 1000 25% 750 =C39-C39*D39Bob 1000 1000 =C40-C40*D40Carol 1000 20% 800 =C41-C41*D41

Table 2 shows how the =NA() has been inserted in the unknown Tax to act as areminder that the Tax still needs to be entered.

Table 2Salary Tax % Pay

Alan 1000 25% 750 =C49-C49*D49Bob 1000 #N/A #N/A =C50-C50*D50Carol 1000 20% 800 =C51-C51*D51

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051


NETWORKDAYS of 343

NETWORKDAYS

Start Date End Date Work Days1-Mar-98 7-Mar-98 5 =NETWORKDAYS(C4,D4)25-Apr-98 30-Jul-98 69 =NETWORKDAYS(C5,D5)24-Dec-98 5-Jan-99 9 =NETWORKDAYS(C6,D6)

What Does It Do?This function will calculate the number of working days between two dates.It will exclude weekends and any holidays.

Syntax =NETWORKDAYS(StartDate,EndDate,Holidays) Holidays : This is a list of dates which will be excluded from the calculation, such as Xmas and Bank holidays.


NoteThe calculation does not include the last day. The result of using 1-Jan-98 and 5-Jan-98 willgive a result of 4. To correct this add 1 to the result. =NETWORKDAYS(Start,End,Holidays)+1

ExampleThe following example shows how a list of Holidays can be created.

Start Date End Date Work DaysMon 02-Mar-98 Fri 06-Mar-98 5 =NETWORKDAYS(B28,C28,C33:C37)Mon 02-Mar-98 Fri 13-Mar-98 10 =NETWORKDAYS(B29,C29,C33:C37)Mon 27-Apr-98 Fri 01-May-98 4 =NETWORKDAYS(B30,C30,C33:C37)

HolidaysBank Holiday 1-May-98

Xmas 25-Dec-98New Year 1-Jan-97New Year 1-Jan-98New Year 1-Jan-99

A B C D E F

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637


NORTH of 343

Northern data.Used by the example for the =INDIRECT() function.

AlanJan Feb Mar Total

Alan 10 20 30 60Bob 40 50 60 150

Carol 70 80 90 240Total 120 150 180 450

A B C D E F G H I J123456789


NOT of 343

NOT

Cells To Test Result10 20 TRUE =NOT(C4>D4)10 20 TRUE =NOT(C5=D5)10 20 FALSE =NOT(C6<D6)

1-Jan-98 1-Feb-98 TRUE =NOT(C7>D7)Hello Goodbye TRUE =NOT(C8=D8)Hello Hello FALSE =NOT(C9=D9)

What Does It Do ?This function performs a test to see if the test fails. (A type of reverse logic).If the test fails, the result is TRUE.If the test is met, then the result is FALSE.

Syntax=NOT(TestToPerform)The TestToPerform can be reference to cells or another calculation.


ExampleThe following table was used by a library to track books borrowed.The date the book was Taken out is entered.The period of the Loan is entered.The date the book was returned is entered.The =NOT() function has been used to calculate whether the book was returned withinthe correct time, by adding the Loan value to the Taken date.If the book was not returned on time the result Overdue is shown, otherwise OK is shown.

Taken Loan Returned Status1-Jan-98 14 5-Jan-98 OK =IF(NOT(D33<=B33+C33),"Overdue","OK")1-Jan-98 14 15-Jan-98 OK =IF(NOT(D34<=B34+C34),"Overdue","OK")1-Jan-98 14 20-Jan-98 Overdue =IF(NOT(D35<=B35+C35),"Overdue","OK")

A B C D E F G H I J

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435


NOW of 343

NOW

The current Date and Time11/8/2009 7:37 =NOW()

11/08/09 07:37 AM =NOW()

What Does It Do?This function shows the current date and time. The result will be updated each time theworksheet is opened and every time an entry is made anywhere on the worksheet.

Syntax =NOW()

FormattingThe result will be shown as a date and time. If it is formatted to show as a numberthe integer part is used for the date and the decimal portion represent the time.

A B C D E F G H I

1

2345678910111213141516


ODD of 343

ODD

Number2 3 =ODD(C4)

2.4 3 =ODD(C5)2.9 3 =ODD(C6)3 3 =ODD(C7)

3.4 5 =ODD(C8)3.9 5 =ODD(C9)

What Does It Do ?This function rounds a number up to the next highest whole odd number.

Syntax=ODD(NumberToBeRounded)


Rounded ToNext Odd

A B C D E F G H I

1

2

3

456789101112131415161718


OR of 343

OR

Order No. CostAB001 1000 Cash £- =IF(OR(E4="Visa",E4="Delta"),5,0)AB002 1000 Visa £5 =IF(OR(E5="Visa",E5="Delta"),5,0)AB003 2000 Cheque £- =IF(OR(E6="Visa",E6="Delta"),5,0)AB004 5000 Delta £5 =IF(OR(E7="Visa",E7="Delta"),5,0)

What Does It Do?This function tests two or more conditions to see if any of them are true.It can be used to test that at least one of a series of numbers meets certain conditions.Normally the OR() function would be used in conjunction with a function such as =IF().

Syntax =OR(Test1,Test2) Note that there can be up to 30 possible tests.

FormattingWhen used by itself it will show TRUE or FALSE.

ExampleThe following table shows a list of orders taken by a company.A handling charge of £5 is made on all orders paid by Visa or Delta cards.The =OR() function has been used to determine whether the charge needs to be applied.

Order No. CostAB001 1000 Cash £- =IF(OR(E27="Visa",E27="Delta"),5,0)AB002 1000 Visa £5 AB003 2000 Cheque £- AB004 5000 Delta £5

Payment Type

Handling Charge

Payment Type

Handling Charge

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

45678910111213141516171819202122232425

26

27282930


Ordering Stock of 343

Ordering Stock

This is an example of a spreadsheet to calculate the best time interval to order stock.

ScenarioA garage fits exhaust systems.The manager orders the exhausts on a regular basis.Each time an order is made for new stock, there is a fixed administrative cost.The exhausts are kept in stock until needed.Keeping the exhausts in stock incurs a cost due to capital tied up and warehouse costs.The supplier of the Exhausts gives a discount on large orders.

ObjectiveFind the time interval to order stock which will result in the lowest Admin and Warehouse costs.

Input DataCost of a single Exhaust system : £75

Cost of keeping Exhaust in stock. (As a % of the stock value) : 12%Quantity of Exhausts used per day : 10

Admin cost each time new Exhausts are ordered : £25 Average quantity of Exhausts in stock (As % of ordered quantity) : 0.5

Ordering Intervals to evaluate. (Expressed in Days) : 2

Suppliers first Price Break and Discount% offered : 200 1%Suppliers second Price Break and Discount% offered : 750 5%

Output

1 10 £750 £- 365 £9,125 £45 £9,170 -2 20 £1,500 £- 183 £4,575 £90 £4,665 -4 40 £3,000 £- 92 £2,300 £180 £2,480 -6 60 £4,500 £- 61 £1,525 £270 £1,795 -8 80 £6,000 £- 46 £1,150 £360 £1,510 -10 100 £7,500 £- 37 £925 £450 £1,375 -12 120 £9,000 £- 31 £775 £540 £1,315 -14 140 £10,500 £- 27 £675 £630 £1,305 -16 160 £12,000 £- 23 £575 £720 £1,295 -18 180 £13,500 £- 21 £525 £810 £1,335 -20 200 £15,000 £150 19 £475 £900 £1,225 Best22 220 £16,500 £165 17 £425 £990 £1,250 -24 240 £18,000 £180 16 £400 £1,080 £1,300 -26 260 £19,500 £195 15 £375 £1,170 £1,350 -28 280 £21,000 £210 14 £350 £1,260 £1,400 -30 300 £22,500 £225 13 £325 £1,350 £1,450 -32 320 £24,000 £240 12 £300 £1,440 £1,500 -34 340 £25,500 £255 11 £275 £1,530 £1,550 -36 360 £27,000 £270 11 £275 £1,620 £1,625 -38 380 £28,500 £285 10 £250 £1,710 £1,675 -40 400 £30,000 £300 10 £250 £1,800 £1,750 -42 420 £31,500 £315 9 £225 £1,890 £1,800 -44 440 £33,000 £330 9 £225 £1,980 £1,875 -

Ordering IntervalIn Days

QuantityPer Order

OrderValue

OrderDiscount

OrdersPer Year

Annual Admin Cost

AnnualWarehouseCosts

AnnualTotal

The BestOrderingInterval

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627

28

2930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051



46 460 £34,500 £345 8 £200 £2,070 £1,925 -48 480 £36,000 £360 8 £200 £2,160 £2,000 -50 500 £37,500 £375 8 £200 £2,250 £2,075 -52 520 £39,000 £390 8 £200 £2,340 £2,150 -54 540 £40,500 £405 7 £175 £2,430 £2,200 -56 560 £42,000 £420 7 £175 £2,520 £2,275 -58 580 £43,500 £435 7 £175 £2,610 £2,350 -60 600 £45,000 £450 7 £175 £2,700 £2,425 -

Things To TryChange the Discount % to 0% and 0%.Change the Ordering Interval to 1 or 30.Change the Cost of the Exhaust making it cheaper or more expensive.Change the Quantity used per day to a larger or smaller number.

ExplanationColumn A Ordering Interval In Days

The first of these cells has the value 1 entered in it.This is the smallest ordering period, which would require stock to be ordered every day.The second cell picks the ordering interval from the Input Data table.The third and subsequent cells add the ordering interval to the previous cell to createa list of values of the same interval.

Column B Quantity Per OrderThis is the number of Exhausts which will need to be ordered.

Calculation : OrderingInterval * QuantityUsedPerDay

Column C Order ValueThis is the value of the Order before any discount.

Calculation : QuantityOrdered * CostOfExhaust

Column D Order DiscountThe discount which can be subtracted from the order value.The discount is only given on orders which are equal to or greater than thePrice Break values set by the supplier.

Calculation : OrderValue * SupplierDiscountThe supplier discount is calculated using the =IF() and the =AND() functions.

If the OrderQuantity is equal to or above the first Price Break, but belowthe second Price Break, then the first Price Break discount is used.

If the OrderQuantity is equal to or above the second Price Break,the second Price Break discount is used.

If the OrderQuantity does not qualify for a discount, zero discount is used.

Column E Orders Per YearThis is how many orders will need to be made based upon the ordering interval.

=C29*IF(AND(B29>=$G$24,B29<$G$25),$H$24,IF(B29>=$G$25,$H$25,0))



A B C D E F G H I525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899

100101102103104105



With an interval of 1, there will have to be 365 orders.

Calculation : 365/OrderingIntervalThis calculation may give results which are decimal, such as 2.3This decimal will cause problems, due to the fact that the number oforders must always be a whole number.The =CEILING() function has been used to 'round up' any decimals tothe next highest whole number.=CEILING(365/A29,1)

Column F Annual Admin CostsThis is the administration costs involved in making the orders.

Calculation : OrdersPerYear * AdminCost=E29*$G$20

Column G Annual Warehouse CostsThis is the cost of keeping the stock in the warehouse.It is based on the managers knowledge that on average the stock level is 50% of thequantity ordered.

Calculation : QuantityOrdered * AverageStockLevel) * ExhaustCost * WarehousingCost=(B29*$G$21)*$G$17*$G$18

Column H Annual TotalThis is the full yearly cost of ordering the Exhausts, based upon how frequently theorders are made.It does not take in to account the actual costs of the Exhausts, as the manager onlywants to know what the lowest values for the overheads associated with ordering andstoring the exhaust systems.However, the Discount figure is taken into account as this can be used to offset someof the overheads.

Calculation : AnnualAdminCosts + AnnualWarehouseCosts - OrderDiscount=F29+G29-D29

Column I The Best Ordering IntervalThis shows the Best ordering interval, giving the lowest annual overheads.It compares the value in column H against the minimum value for all of column H.If the two values match the word Best is shown, otherwise a dash is shown.

=IF(H29=MIN($H$29:$H$59),"Best","-")

A B C D E F G H I106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146


PACKERS of 343

Box size Sample Packer1 Packer2 Packer3 Packer4Small 1 10 10 10 10Medium 1 20 20 20 21Large 1 30 28 35 30Small 2 11 9 10 10Medium 2 21 20 0 20Large 2 31 28 30 30Small 3 8 10 12 10Medium 3 22 20 20 19Large 3 32 28 30 30

Box size Sample Packer1 Packer2 Packer3 Packer4

A B C D E F G H I J123456789

10111213


PERMUT of 343

PERMUT

Pool Of Items Items In A Group Permutations4 2 12 =PERMUT(C4,D4)4 3 24 =PERMUT(C5,D5)

10 4 5040 =PERMUT(C6,D6)26 6 165,765,600 =PERMUT(C7,D7)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the maximum number of permutations given a fixed number of items.The internal order is significant, so AB and BA will be considered as two possible permutations.It could be used to calculate the possible number of 4 digit passwords from the digits 0 to 9.

Syntax=PERMUT(PoolToPickFrom,ItemsInAGroup)


ExampleThe following table was used to calculate the total number of 8 letter passwords which canbe created by using all 26 letters of the alphabet.

Letter In Alphabet 26Password Size 8Permutations 62,990,928,000

In the case of a two letter password made from the letter A, B, C and D, the followingtwelve permutations would be possible.

ABCD

Password 1 AB Password 7 BAPassword 2 AC Password 8 CAPassword 3 AD Password 9 DAPassword 4 BC Password 10 CBPassword 5 BD Password 11 DBPassword 6 CD Password 12 DC

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839


PI of 343

PI

π3.14159265358979 =PI()

What Does It Do ?This function is equal to the value of Pi.It is correct to 15 decimal places.It does not need any input, it is a self contained function.

Syntax=PI()


ExampleTo calculate the area of a circle.

Radius Area5 78.54 =PI()*(C21^2)

25 1963.50

A B C D E F G H I

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122


POWER of 343

POWER

Number Power Result3 2 9 =POWER(C4,D4)3 4 81 =POWER(C5,D5)5 2 25 =POWER(C6,D6)5 4 625 =POWER(C7,D7)

What Does It Do ?This function raises a number to a user specified power.It is the same as using the ^ operator, such as 3^4, which result is 81.Both the POWER() function and the ^ operator are the same as using 3*3*3*3.

Syntax=POWER(NumberToBeRaised,Power)


ExampleTo calculate the area of a circle.

Radius Area5 78.54 =PI()*POWER(C22,2)

25 1963.50

A B C D E F G H I

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425


PRODUCT of 343

PRODUCT

Numbers Product2 3 6 =PRODUCT(C4,D4)5 10 50 =PRODUCT(C5:D5)3 7 210 =PRODUCT(C6:D6,10)

6300 =PRODUCT(C4:D6)

What Does It Do ?This function multiples a group of numbers together.It is the same as using 2*3*5*10*3*7, which results in 6300.

Syntax=PRODUCT(Number1,Number2,Number3... through to Number30)or=PRODUCT(RangeOfNumbers)or=PRODUCT(Number1,Range,Number2...)


A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021


PROPER of 343

PROPER

Original Text Properalan jones Alan Jones =PROPER(C4)bob smith Bob Smith =PROPER(C5)

caRol wILLIAMS Carol Williams =PROPER(C6)cardiff Cardiff =PROPER(C7)

ABC123 Abc123 =PROPER(C8)

What Does It Do ?This function converts the first letter of each word to uppercase, and all subsequent lettersare converted to lower case.

Syntax=PROPER(TextToConvert)


A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718


QUARTILE of 343

QUARTILE

Values Quarter No. Quartile1 0 1 =QUARTILE(C4:C8,E4)

25 1 25 =QUARTILE(C4:C8,E5)50 2 50 =QUARTILE(C4:C8,E6)75 3 75 =QUARTILE(C4:C8,E7)

100 4 100 =QUARTILE(C4:C8,E8)

Values Quarter No. Quartile817 104 640 767 0 104 =QUARTILE(C12:F16,H12)748 756 369 703 1 285.75 =QUARTILE(C12:F16,H13)372 993 294 261 2 489 =QUARTILE(C12:F16,H14)487 384 185 491 3 750 =QUARTILE(C12:F16,H15)140 607 894 182 4 993 =QUARTILE(C12:F16,H16)

What Does It Do ?This function examines a group of values and then shows the values which are of theupper limits of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quarters of the data.The Quartile of 0 (zero) is actually lowest value, which can be obtained using the =MIN() function.The Quartile of 4 is actually highest value, which can be obtained using the =MAX() function.

Syntax=QUARTILE(RangeToBeExamined,QuartileValue)The QuartileValue can only be 0,1,2,3 or 4.



1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829


QUOTIENT of 343

QUOTIENT

Number Divisor Result12 5 2 =QUOTIENT(C4,D4)20 3 6 =QUOTIENT(C5,D5)46 15 3 =QUOTIENT(C6,D6)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the number of times a number can be divided by another number.It ignores any remainder, only showing the whole number.

Syntax=QUOTIENT(NumberToBeDivided,Divisor)


ExampleThe following example was used by a drinks merchant to calculate the number ofcrates which could be packed using bottles in stock.The merchant can only sell full crates.

Table 1 calculates the crates by simple division. This however showsdecimal fractions which are not needed.

Table 1

Item Crates NeededWine 126 12 10.5 =D28/E28

Champagne 200 8 25Rum 15 4 3.75Beer 250 20 12.5

Table 2 uses the =QUOTIENT() function to remove the decimal fraction togive the correct result.

Table 2

Item Crates NeededWine 126 12 10 =QUOTIENT(D39,E39)

Champagne 200 8 25Rum 15 6 2Beer 250 20 12

BottlesTo Pack

BottlesPer Crate

BottlesTo Pack

BottlesPer Crate

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526

27

28293031323334353637

38

39404142


RAND of 343

RAND

Random greater than or equal to 0 but less than 1.0.46 =RAND()

Random greater than or equal to 0 but less than 100.57 =RAND()*10

Random between 5 and 10.9.92 =RAND()*(10-5)+5

What Does It Do ?This function creates a random number >=0 but <1.The number will change each time the worksheet recalculates, or when F9 is pressed.

Syntax=RAND()


ExamplesThe following examples show how the =RAND() function has been used to randomlysort list of information.

A list of cards has been entered in column C, and =RAND() in column D.By clicking inside the random numbers and then using Data, Sort or the Sort buttonthe cards will be shuffled.

The same technique has been used to generate a list of six winning lottery numbers.

Card Random Lottery RandomClubs 8 0.44 29 0.37Clubs 6 0.28 34 0.46

Diamond 9 0.95 30 0.16Spades 13 0.5 41 0.76

Clubs 9 0.93 40 0.87Diamond 7 0.74 37 0.29Diamond 4 0.17 26 0.07Clubs 10 0.53 32 0.33Spades 3 0.21 21 0.41Hearts 6 0.18 19 0.24Hearts 4 0.4 7 0.64

Diamond 8 0.73 10 0.46Hearts 11 0.99 16 0.98Clubs 3 0.67 8 0.21Clubs 13 0.06 48 0.1Spades 5 0.48 43 0.76

Diamond 3 0.66 44 0.98Spades 2 0.27 4 0.39

Diamond 6 0.98 3 0.91Clubs 5 0.78 45 0.26

Spades 1 0.59 47 0.89

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253


RAND of 343

Clubs 12 0.14 49 0.45Hearts 10 0.48 35 0.86Hearts 13 0.02 27 0.1Spades 7 0.17 1 0.43Spades 6 0.87 13 0.82

Diamond 12 0.31 31 0.6Hearts 3 0.05 5 0.96Hearts 5 0.33 18 0.68Hearts 8 0.37 39 0.34Hearts 1 0.03 23 0.25

Diamond 13 0.77 12 0.05Hearts 9 0.65 11 0.8Clubs 4 0.99 20 0.42

Diamond 5 0.27 33 0.81Spades 4 0.57 42 0.68Clubs 1 0.73 24 0.71

Spades 8 0.44 2 0.88Hearts 7 0.1 14 0.01

Diamond 1 0.94 25 0.13Clubs 2 0.62 9 0.12Hearts 2 0.5 38 0.66

Diamond 11 0.67 15 0.58Clubs 7 0.61 28 0.1

Spades 12 0.17 17 0.87Spades 10 0.73 6 0.69Clubs 11 0.09 22 0.86

Diamond 2 0.84 46 0.85Diamond 10 0.99 36 0.08

Spades 9 0.77Spades 11 0.11Hearts 12 0.97

A B C D E F G H I54555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384


RANDBETWEEN of 343

RANDBETWEEN

Low High Random5 10 5 =RANDBETWEEN(C4,D4)1 49 31 =RANDBETWEEN(C5,D5)

What Does It Do ?This function produces a random whole number between two specified numbers.The random number will change each time the spreadsheet is recalculated or F9 is pressed.

Syntax=RANDOMBETWEEN(LowLimit,HighLimit)


ExampleThe following table shows how the =RANDBETWEEN() has been used to generate sixnumbers to use for the National Lottery.Note that the function does not check to ensure all numbers are unique, the same numbercould be generated twice or more.

Lottery Numbers1 49 11 =RANDBETWEEN($C$24,$D$24) Number 1

48 =RANDBETWEEN($C$24,$D$24) Number 2Press function Key 4 =RANDBETWEEN($C$24,$D$24) Number 3F9 to recalculate. 32 =RANDBETWEEN($C$24,$D$24) Number 4

39 =RANDBETWEEN($C$24,$D$24) Number 533 =RANDBETWEEN($C$24,$D$24) Number 630 =RANDBETWEEN($C$24,$D$24) Bonus ball

All OK {=IF(SUM(1/COUNTIF(E24:E30,E24:E30))<>7,"Duplicates! Spin again","All OK")}

This formula is used to determine whether all the numbers are different.It is entered as an array using Ctrl+Shift+Enter.

The WinningTicket!

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

10111213141516171819202122

23

24252627282930313233343536


RANK of 343

RANK

Values7 4 =RANK(C4,C4:C8)4 5 =RANK(C5,C4:C8)

25 1 =RANK(C6,C4:C8)8 3 =RANK(C7,C4:C8)

16 2 =RANK(C8,C4:C8)

Values7 2 =RANK(C11,C11:C15,1)4 1 =RANK(C12,C11:C15,1)

25 5 =RANK(C13,C11:C15,1)8 3 =RANK(C14,C11:C15,1)

16 4 =RANK(C15,C11:C15,1)

Values10 5 =RANK(C18,C18:C22)30 2 =RANK(C19,C18:C22)20 4 =RANK(C20,C18:C22)30 2 =RANK(C21,C18:C22)40 1 =RANK(C22,C18:C22)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the position of a value in a list relative to the other values in the list.A typical usage would be to rank the times of athletes in a race to find the winner.The ranking can be done on an ascending (low to high) or descending (high to low) basis.If there are duplicate values in the list, they will be assigned the same rank. Subsequent rankswould not follow on sequentially, but would take into account the fact that there were duplicates.If the numbers 30, 20, 20 and 10 were ranked, 30 is ranked as 1, both 20's are ranked as 2, andthe 10 would be ranked as 4.

Value Rank30 1 =RANK(B34,B34:B37)20 2 =RANK(B35,B34:B37)20 2 =RANK(B36,B34:B37)10 4 =RANK(B37,B34:B37)

Syntax=RANK(NumberToRank,ListOfNumbers,RankOrder)The RankOrder can be 0 zero or 1.Using 0 will rank larger numbers at the top. (This is optional, leaving it out has the same effect).Using 1 will rank small numbers at the top.


Example

Ranking PositionHigh to Low

Ranking PositionLow to High

Ranking PositionHigh to Low

A B C D E F G H I

1

2

3

456789

10

111213141516

17

18192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748


RANK of 343

The following table was used to record the times for athletes competing in a race.The =RANK() function was then used to find their race positions based upon the finishing times.

Athlete Time Race PositionJohn 1:30 4 =RANK(C53,C53:C58,1)Alan 1:45 6 =RANK(C54,C53:C58,1)David 1:02 1 =RANK(C55,C53:C58,1)Brian 1:36 5 =RANK(C56,C53:C58,1)Sue 1:27 3 =RANK(C57,C53:C58,1)Alex 1:03 2 =RANK(C58,C53:C58,1)

A B C D E F G H I49505152535455565758


REPLACE of 343

REPLACE

Original TextABCDEFGH 2 1 x AxCDEFGH =REPLACE(C4,D4,E4,F4)ABCDEFGH 2 5 x AxGH =REPLACE(C5,D5,E5,F5)ABCDEFGH 2 1 hello AhelloCDEFGH =REPLACE(C6,D6,E6,F6)ABCDEFGH 2 5 hello AhelloGH =REPLACE(C7,D7,E7,F7)

What Does It Do ?This function replaces a portion of text with a new piece of text.You need to specify where the replacement should start, how many characters toremove and what the new replacement text should be.

Syntax=REPLACE(OriginalText,StartPosition,NumberOfCharactersToReplace,NewText)


StartPosition

CharactersTo Replace

NewCharacter

ModifiedText

A B C D E F G H I

1

2

3

456789

101112131415161718


REPT of 343

REPT

A 3 AAA =REPT(C4,D4)AB 3 ABABAB =REPT(C5,D5)- 10 ---------- =REPT(C6,D6)| 10 |||||||||| =REPT(C7,D7)

What Does It Do ?This function repeats a piece of text a specified number of times.You need to specify the text to be repeated and how many times to repeat it.

Syntax=REPT(TextToRepeat,Repetitions)The maximum number of repetitions is 200.


Example 1The following table was used to display a simple histogram of sales figures.The =REPT() function uses the value of Sales, but this is divided by 100 to scale down thenumber of repetitions to below the maximum of 200.

Month SalesJan £1,000 ||||||||||||||||||||Feb £5,000 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Mar £3,000 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Apr £2,000 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||

=REPT("||",D29/100)

Example 2The =REPT() function has been used to make a digital display for the current time.The time functions of =HOUR(), =MINUTE() and =SECOND() have been used in conjunctionwith the =NOW() as the basis for the number of repeats.To update the clock press the function key F9.

ClockHour ||||||| 07

Minute |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 34Second ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 35

=REPT("|",HOUR(NOW()))&" "&TEXT(HOUR(NOW()),"00") =REPT("|",MINUTE(NOW()))&" "&TEXT(MINUTE(NOW()),"00") =REPT("|",SECOND(NOW()))&" "&TEXT(SECOND(NOW()),"00")

Text ToRepeat

Number OfRepeats

RepeatedText

A B C D E F G H I

1

2

3

456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445


RIGHT of 343

RIGHT

Alan Jones 1 s =RIGHT(C4,D4)Alan Jones 2 es =RIGHT(C5,D5)Alan Jones 3 nes =RIGHT(C6,D6)

Cardiff 6 ardiff =RIGHT(C7,D7)ABC123 4 C123 =RIGHT(C8,D8)

What Does It Do ?This function displays a specified number of characters from the right hand side of apiece of text.

Syntax=RIGHT(OriginalText,NumberOfCharactersRequired)


ExampleThe following table was used to extract the second name of a person from their full name.The =FIND() function locates the position of the space between the first and second name.The length of the second name is calculated by subtracting the position of the space fromthe overall length of the full name.The =RIGHT() function can then extract the second name.

Full Name Second NameAlan Jones Jones =RIGHT(C28,LEN(C28)-FIND(" ",C28))Bob Smith Smith =RIGHT(C29,LEN(C29)-FIND(" ",C29))

Carol Williams Williams =RIGHT(C30,LEN(C30)-FIND(" ",C30))

OriginalText

Number OfCharacters Required

RightString

A B C D E F G H I

1

2

3

456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930


ROMAN of 343

ROMAN

Number Roman1 I =ROMAN(C4)2 II =ROMAN(C5)3 III =ROMAN(C6)5 V =ROMAN(C7)

10 X =ROMAN(C8)1998 MCMXCVIII =ROMAN(C9)1998 MCMXCVIII =ROMAN(C10,0)1998 MLMVLIII =ROMAN(C11,1)1998 MXMVIII =ROMAN(C12,2)1998 MVMIII =ROMAN(C13,3)1998 MVMIII =ROMAN(C14,4)1998 MLMVLIII =ROMAN(C15,TRUE)1998 MCMXCVIII =ROMAN(C16,FALSE)

What Does It Do ?This function produces a number shown as Roman numerals in various formats.

Syntax=ROMAN(NormalNumber,RomanNumberFormat)The RomanNumberFormat can be any of the following.0 is Classic. This is used if no format is specified.1 is more Concise.2 is even more Concise.3 is even more Concise still.4 is Simplified.TRUE is ClassicFALSE is Simplified


NoteThere is no function to do the opposite calculation of Roman to normal.

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536


ROUND of 343

ROUND

Number1.48 0 1 =ROUND(C4,D4)1.48 1 1.5 =ROUND(C5,D5)1.48 2 1.48 =ROUND(C6,D6)

13643.48 -1 13640 =ROUND(C7,D7)13643.48 -2 13600 =ROUND(C8,D8)13643.48 -3 14000 =ROUND(C9,D9)

What Does It Do ?This function rounds a number to a specified amount od decimal places.If 0 is used the number is rounded to the nearest whole number.If a negative amount of rounding is used the figures to the left of the decimal point are rounded.

Syntax=ROUND(NumberToRound,DecimalPlacesToUse)


Places ToRound

RoundedNumber

A B C D E F G H I

1

2

3

456789

1011121314151617181920


ROUNDDOWN of 343

ROUNDDOWN

Number1.48 0 1 =ROUNDDOWN(C4,D4)1.48 1 1.4 =ROUNDDOWN(C5,D5)1.48 2 1.47 =ROUNDDOWN(C6,D6)

13643.48 -1 13640 =ROUNDDOWN(C7,D7)13643.48 -2 13600 =ROUNDDOWN(C8,D8)13643.48 -3 13000 =ROUNDDOWN(C9,D9)

What Does It Do ?This function rounds a number down to a specified amount of decimal places.If 0 is used the number is rounded down to the nearest whole number.If a negative amount of rounding is used the figures to the left of the decimal point are rounded.

Syntax=ROUNDDOWN(NumberToRound,DecimalPlacesToUse)


Places ToRound

RoundedDown

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

4567891011121314151617181920


ROUNDUP of 343

ROUNDUP

Number1.48 0 2 =ROUNDUP(C4,D4)1.48 1 1.5 =ROUNDUP(C5,D5)1.48 2 1.48 =ROUNDUP(C6,D6)

13643.48 -1 13650 =ROUNDUP(C7,D7)13643.48 -2 13700 =ROUNDUP(C8,D8)13643.48 -3 14000 =ROUNDUP(C9,D9)

What Does It Do ?This function rounds a number up to a specified amount of decimal places.If 0 is used the number is rounded up to the nearest whole number.If a negative amount of rounding is used the figures to the left of the decimal point are rounded.

Syntax=ROUNDUPNumberToRound,DecimalPlacesToUse)


Places ToRound

RoundedUp

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

4567891011121314151617181920


SECOND of 343

SECOND

Number Second08/Nov/09 07:38:28 28 =SECOND(C4)

12:00:00 PM 0 =SECOND(C5)0.50 0 =SECOND(C6)0.51 24 =SECOND(C7)1.51 24 =SECOND(C8)

What Does It Do?The function will show the second of the minute based upon a time or a number.Only the fraction part of the number is used as it is this which relates to time of day.

Syntax=SECOND(Number)


ExampleThe following table was used by a telephone compnay to calculate the cost of a call.The telephone company only deals in seconds which are a multiple of 5.The seconds in a call are rounded up to the nearest multiple of 5 before the bill is calculated.The Duration of the call is entered.The =MINUTES() function calculates the total number of minutes.The =SECOND() function calculates the total number of seconds.The =CEILING() function rounds the seconds up to the nearest muliple of 5.The Cost of the call is then calculated.

Cost Per Second : £0.01

Billed DurationDuration Minutes Seconds Cost0:01:08 1 10 £0.70 0:02:03 2 5 £1.25 0:01:47 1 50 £1.10

=CEILING(SECOND(C36),5)

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789

10111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637


SIGN of 343

SIGN

Value10 1 =SIGN(C4)20 1 =SIGN(C5)0 0 =SIGN(C6)

-10 -1 =SIGN(C7)-20 -1 =SIGN(C8)

What Does It Do ?This function tests a value to determine whether it is positive or negative.If the value is positive the result is 1.If the value is negative the result is -1.If the value is zero 0 the result is 0.

Syntax=SIGN(CellToTest)The CellToTest can be a cell or a calculation.


Positive orNegative

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

456789101112131415161718192021


SLN of 343

SLN

Cost £12,000 Salvage £2,000

Life 4 Straight Line Depreciation £2,500 =SLN(F3,F4,F5)

Purchase Value Of A New Car £20,000 Second Hand Value £8,000

Number Of Years Ownership 6 Annual Straight Line Depreciation £2,000 =SLN(F9,F10,F11)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the Straight Line Depreciation of an item.(Also known as Fixed Instalment method).The Straight Line Depreciation is how much the value of an item reduced during a specificperiod of time. The result is a uniform depreciation value.

An example would be if you bought a new car for £20,000, then kept it for 6 years.At the end of your ownership you sell the car for £8,000.The difference between the original and the trade in price is £20,000 - £8,000 which is £12,000.Because you owned the car for 6 years, the SLN is calculated as £12,000 / 6 which is £2,000.

Syntax=SLN(OriginalCost,SellingPrice,LengthOfOwnership)The LengthOfOwnership can be any time period, days, months or years.However, the SLN which is calculated will, be for that time, specifying 2 years ownershipas 24 months will give an SLN per month.


A B C D E F G H I

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132


SMALL of 343

SMALL

Values Lowest Value 100 =SMALL(C4:C8,1)120 2nd Lowest Value 120 =SMALL(C4:C8,2)800 3rd Lowest Value 120 =SMALL(C4:C8,3)100 4th Lowest Value 250 =SMALL(C4:C8,4)120 5th Lowest Value 800 =SMALL(C4:C8,5)250

What Does It Do ?This function examines a list of values and picks the value at a user specified positionin the list.

Syntax=SMALL(ListOfNumbersToExamine,PositionToPickFrom)


ExampleThe following table was used to calculate the bottom 3 sales figures between Jan, Feb and Mar.

Sales Jan Feb MarNorth £5,000 £6,000 £4,500 South £5,800 £7,000 £3,000 East £3,500 £2,000 £10,000 West £12,000 £4,000 £6,000

Lowest Value £2,000 =SMALL(D24:F27,1)2nd Lowest Value £3,000 =SMALL(D24:F27,2)3rd Lowest Value £3,500 =SMALL(D24:F27,3)

NoteAnother way to find the Highest and Lowest values would have been to usethe =MAX() and =MIN() functions.

Highest £12,000 =MAX(D24:F27)Lowest £2,000 =MIN(D24:F27)

A B C D E F G H I J

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738


SOUTH of 343

Southern data.Used by the example for the =INDIRECT() function.

Jan Feb Mar TotalAlan 100 200 300 600Bob 400 500 600 1500

Carol 700 800 900 2400Total 1200 1500 1800 4500

A B C D E F G H I J12345678


STDEV of 343

STDEV

Values Values Values10 10 1010 10 119 11 9

10 10 12

0.5 0.5 1.29 =STDEV(C4:C7) =STDEV(E4:E7) =STDEV(G4:G7)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the sample population standard deviation of a list of values.A sample population is used when the list of values represents a sample of a population.

Syntax=STDEV(Range1,Range2,Range3 through to Range30)


ExampleThe table below was used by a company interested in buying a new machineto pack washing powder.Three machines were short listed and allow to run for a day.At the end of the day four boxes of soap powder were picked at random from the productionof each machine.The boxes were weighed and the =STDEV() function used as these boxes only representeda sample of the complete days production.The machine with the smallest deviation was the most consistent.

Soap Powder Box Filling Machine Test ResultsTest 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Variance

Machine 1 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 0.0816 =STDEV(D34:G34)Machine 2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.0500 =STDEV(D35:G35)Machine 3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 0.1291 =STDEV(D36:G36)

The smallest deviation is : 0.0500 =MIN(H34:H36)

The machine with the smallest deviation is : Machine 2 =INDEX(C34:C36,MATCH(MIN(H34:H36),H34:H36,0))

Explanation of formula:This finds the lowest value. =MIN(H34:H36)

This finds the position of the lowest value. =MATCH(MIN(H34:H36),H34:H36,0)This looks down the Machine column to =INDEX(C34:C36,MATCH(MIN(H34:H36),H34:H36,0))

find the machine name.


1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647


STDEVP of 343

STDEVP

Values Values Values10 10 1010 10 119 11 910 10 12

0.43 0.43 1.12 =STDEVP(C4:C7) =STDEVP(E4:E7) =STDEVP(G4:G7)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the standard deviation of a list of values.The result is calculated on the basis that the values represent the entire population.

Syntax=STDEVP(Range1,Range2,Range3 through to Range30)


ExampleThe table below was used by a company interested in buying a new machineto pack washing powder.A trial run of just four boxes per machine were produced.The boxes were weighed and the =STDEVP() function used as these boxesrepresented the entire test run.The machine with the smallest variance was the most consistent. ????????????????????


Machine 1 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 0.0707 =STDEVP(D32:G32)Machine 2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.0433 =STDEVP(D33:G33)Machine 3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 0.1118 =STDEVP(D34:G34)

The smallest variance is : 0.0433 =MIN(H32:H34)

The machine with the smallest variance is : Machine 2 =INDEX(C32:C34,MATCH(MIN(H32:H34),H32:H34,0))

Explanation of formula:This finds the lowest value. =(MIN(H32:H34)




1

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546


SUBSTITUTE of 343

SUBSTITUTE

Original Text Updated TextABCDEF CD hello ABhelloEF =SUBSTITUTE(B4,C4,D4)

ABCDABCD CD hello ABhelloABhello =SUBSTITUTE(B5,C5,D5)Northern Region Region Area Northern Area =SUBSTITUTE(B6,C6,D6)

Sand and Cement and & S& & Cement =SUBSTITUTE(B7,C7,D7)

Original Text Updated TextABCABCABC ABC hello 3 ABCABChello

Sand and Cement and & 2 Sand & Cement =SUBSTITUTE(B10,C10,D10,E10) =SUBSTITUTE(B11,C11,D11,E11)

What Does It Do ?This function replaces a specified piece of text with a different piece of text.It can either replace all occurrences of the text, or a specific instance.The function is case sensitive.

Syntax=SUBSTITUTE(OriginalText,TextToRemove,TextToInsert,InstanceToUse)The InstanceToUse is optional, if it is omitted all instances will be substituted.


NoteTo cope with upper or lower case in the substitution you can use other text functionssuch as =UPPER(), =LOWER() or =PROPER() to ensure that the substitution will take place.

Table 1 shows how differing text cases alter the result of the substitution.

Table 1

Original Text Updated TextNorthern Region Region Area Northern Area

Region Area Northern regionNorthern Region region Area Northern RegionNorthern Region Region area Northern areaNorthern Region region area Northern Region

=SUBSTITUTE(B39,C39,D39)

Table 2 shows how the =PROPER() function has been used to take account of the mixed cases.

Table 2

Original Text Updated TextNorthern Region Region Area Northern Area

Region Area Northern AreaNorthern Region region Area Northern AreaNorthern Region Region area Northern AreaNorthern Region region area Northern Area

Old TextTo Remove

New TextTo Insert

Old TextTo Remove

New TextTo Insert

Instance ToBe Replaced

Old TextTo Remove

New TextTo Insert

Northern region

Old TextTo Remove

New TextTo Insert

Northern region

A B C D E F G H

1

2

3

45678

9

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233

34

35363738394041424344

45

4647484950


SUBSTITUTE of 343

=SUBSTITUTE(PROPER(B50),PROPER(C50),PROPER(D50))A B C D E F G H

51


SUM of 343

SUM

Horizontal100 200 300 600 =SUM(C4:E4)

Vertical100200300600 =SUM(C7:C9)

Single Cells100 300 600 =SUM(C13,D14,E13)

200

Multiple Ranges100 400200 500

3000 6004800 =SUM(C17:C19,E17:E19)

Functions100 400200 500300 600

800 =SUM(AVERAGE(C23:C25),MAX(E23:E25))

What Does It Do ?This function creates a total from a list of numbers.It can be used either horizontally or vertically.The numbers can be in single cells, ranges are from other functions.

Syntax=SUM(Range1,Range2,Range3... through to Range30).


NoteMany people use the =SUM() function incorrectly.

This example shows how the SUM has been combined with plus + symbols.The formula is actually doing more work than needed.It should have been entered as either =C48+C49+C50 or =SUM(C48:C50).

100200300600 =SUM(C48+C49+C50) Wrong!

=SUM(C48:C50) Correct =C48+C49+C50 Correct

A B C D E F G H I J

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253


SUM_as_Running_Total of 343

SUM (Running Total)

Using =SUM() For A Running Total

Month SalesJan 10 10 =SUM($D$7:D7)Feb 50 60 =SUM($D$7:D8)Mar 30 90 =SUM($D$7:D9)Apr 20 110 =SUM($D$7:D10)May 110 =SUM($D$7:D11)Jun 110 =SUM($D$7:D12)Jul 110 =SUM($D$7:D13)Aug 110 =SUM($D$7:D14)Sep 110 =SUM($D$7:D15)Oct 110 =SUM($D$7:D16)Nov 110 =SUM($D$7:D17)Dec 110 =SUM($D$7:D18)

Type the formula =SUM($D$7:D7) in cell E7 and then copy down the table.It works because the first reference uses dollar symbols $ to keep $D$7 staticas the formula is copied down. Each occurrence of the =SUM() then adds allthe numbers from the first cell down.

The function can be tidied up to show 0 zero when there is no adjacent valueby using the =IF() function.

Month SalesJan 10 10 =SUM(IF(D7,$D$7:D7,0))Feb 50 60 =SUM(IF(D8,$D$7:D8,0))Mar 30 90 =SUM(IF(D9,$D$7:D9,0))Apr 20 110 =SUM(IF(D10,$D$7:D10,0))May 0 =SUM(IF(D11,$D$7:D11,0))Jun 0 =SUM(IF(D12,$D$7:D12,0))Jul 0 The =SUM() only takes place whenAug 0 there is data in column D.Sep 0 Otherwise the value 0 zero is entered.Oct 0Nov 0Dec 0

RunningTotal

RunningTotal

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2345

6

789101112131415161718192021222324252627

28

2930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899

100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473



A B C D E F G H I J474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846847848849850851852853854855856857858859860861862863864865866867868869870871872873874875876877878879880881882883884885886887888889890891892893894895896897898899900901902903904905906907908909910911912913914915916917918919920921922923924925926927928929930931932933934935936937938939940941942943944945946947948



A B C D E F G H I J9499509519529539549559569579589599609619629639649659669679689699709719729739749759769779789799809819829839849859869879889899909919929939949959969979989991000100110021003100410051006100710081009101010111012101310141015101610171018101910201021102210231024102510261027102810291030103110321033103410351036103710381039104010411042104310441045104610471048104910501051105210531054105510561057105810591060106110621063106410651066106710681069107010711072107310741075107610771078107910801081108210831084108510861087108810891090109110921093109410951096109710981099110011011102110311041105110611071108110911101111111211131114111511161117111811191120112111221123112411251126112711281129113011311132113311341135113611371138113911401141114211431144114511461147114811491150115111521153115411551156115711581159116011611162116311641165116611671168116911701171117211731174117511761177117811791180118111821183118411851186118711881189119011911192119311941195119611971198119912001201120212031204120512061207120812091210121112121213121412151216121712181219122012211222122312241225122612271228122912301231123212331234123512361237123812391240124112421243124412451246124712481249125012511252125312541255125612571258125912601261126212631264126512661267126812691270127112721273127412751276127712781279128012811282128312841285128612871288128912901291129212931294129512961297129812991300130113021303130413051306130713081309131013111312131313141315131613171318131913201321132213231324132513261327132813291330133113321333133413351336133713381339134013411342134313441345134613471348134913501351135213531354135513561357135813591360136113621363136413651366136713681369137013711372137313741375137613771378137913801381138213831384138513861387138813891390139113921393139413951396139713981399140014011402140314041405140614071408140914101411141214131414141514161417141814191420142114221423



A B C D E F G H I J1424142514261427142814291430143114321433143414351436143714381439144014411442144314441445144614471448144914501451145214531454145514561457145814591460146114621463146414651466146714681469147014711472147314741475147614771478147914801481148214831484148514861487148814891490149114921493149414951496149714981499150015011502150315041505150615071508150915101511151215131514151515161517151815191520152115221523152415251526152715281529153015311532153315341535153615371538153915401541154215431544154515461547154815491550155115521553155415551556155715581559156015611562156315641565156615671568156915701571157215731574157515761577157815791580158115821583158415851586158715881589159015911592159315941595159615971598159916001601160216031604160516061607160816091610161116121613161416151616161716181619162016211622162316241625162616271628162916301631163216331634163516361637163816391640164116421643164416451646164716481649165016511652165316541655165616571658165916601661166216631664166516661667166816691670167116721673167416751676167716781679168016811682168316841685168616871688168916901691169216931694169516961697169816991700170117021703170417051706170717081709171017111712171317141715171617171718171917201721172217231724172517261727172817291730173117321733173417351736173717381739174017411742174317441745174617471748174917501751175217531754175517561757175817591760176117621763176417651766176717681769177017711772177317741775177617771778177917801781178217831784178517861787178817891790179117921793179417951796179717981799180018011802180318041805180618071808180918101811181218131814181518161817181818191820182118221823182418251826182718281829183018311832183318341835183618371838183918401841184218431844184518461847184818491850185118521853185418551856185718581859186018611862186318641865186618671868186918701871187218731874187518761877187818791880188118821883188418851886188718881889189018911892189318941895189618971898



A B C D E F G H I J1899190019011902190319041905190619071908190919101911191219131914191519161917191819191920192119221923192419251926192719281929193019311932193319341935193619371938193919401941194219431944194519461947194819491950195119521953195419551956195719581959196019611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028202920302031203220332034203520362037203820392040204120422043204420452046204720482049205020512052205320542055205620572058205920602061206220632064206520662067206820692070207120722073207420752076207720782079208020812082208320842085208620872088208920902091209220932094209520962097209820992100210121022103210421052106210721082109211021112112211321142115211621172118211921202121212221232124212521262127212821292130213121322133213421352136213721382139214021412142214321442145214621472148214921502151215221532154215521562157215821592160216121622163216421652166216721682169217021712172217321742175217621772178217921802181218221832184218521862187218821892190219121922193219421952196219721982199220022012202220322042205220622072208220922102211221222132214221522162217221822192220222122222223222422252226222722282229223022312232223322342235223622372238223922402241224222432244224522462247224822492250225122522253225422552256225722582259226022612262226322642265226622672268226922702271227222732274227522762277227822792280228122822283228422852286228722882289229022912292229322942295229622972298229923002301230223032304230523062307230823092310231123122313231423152316231723182319232023212322232323242325232623272328232923302331233223332334233523362337233823392340234123422343234423452346234723482349235023512352235323542355235623572358235923602361236223632364236523662367236823692370237123722373



A B C D E F G H I J2374237523762377237823792380238123822383238423852386238723882389239023912392239323942395239623972398239924002401240224032404240524062407240824092410241124122413241424152416241724182419242024212422242324242425242624272428242924302431243224332434243524362437243824392440244124422443244424452446244724482449245024512452245324542455245624572458245924602461246224632464246524662467246824692470247124722473247424752476247724782479248024812482248324842485248624872488248924902491249224932494249524962497249824992500250125022503250425052506250725082509251025112512251325142515251625172518251925202521252225232524252525262527252825292530253125322533253425352536253725382539254025412542254325442545254625472548254925502551255225532554255525562557255825592560256125622563256425652566256725682569257025712572257325742575257625772578257925802581258225832584258525862587258825892590259125922593259425952596259725982599260026012602260326042605260626072608260926102611261226132614261526162617261826192620262126222623262426252626262726282629263026312632263326342635263626372638263926402641264226432644264526462647264826492650265126522653265426552656265726582659266026612662266326642665266626672668266926702671267226732674267526762677267826792680268126822683268426852686268726882689269026912692269326942695269626972698269927002701270227032704270527062707270827092710271127122713271427152716271727182719272027212722272327242725272627272728272927302731273227332734273527362737273827392740274127422743274427452746274727482749275027512752275327542755275627572758275927602761276227632764276527662767276827692770277127722773277427752776277727782779278027812782278327842785278627872788278927902791279227932794279527962797279827992800280128022803280428052806280728082809281028112812281328142815281628172818281928202821282228232824282528262827282828292830283128322833283428352836283728382839284028412842284328442845284628472848



A B C D E F G H I J2849285028512852285328542855285628572858285928602861286228632864286528662867286828692870287128722873287428752876287728782879288028812882288328842885288628872888288928902891289228932894289528962897289828992900290129022903290429052906290729082909291029112912291329142915291629172918291929202921292229232924292529262927292829292930293129322933293429352936293729382939294029412942294329442945294629472948294929502951295229532954295529562957295829592960296129622963296429652966296729682969297029712972297329742975297629772978297929802981298229832984298529862987298829892990299129922993299429952996299729982999300030013002300330043005300630073008300930103011301230133014301530163017301830193020302130223023302430253026302730283029303030313032303330343035303630373038303930403041304230433044304530463047304830493050305130523053305430553056305730583059306030613062306330643065306630673068306930703071307230733074307530763077307830793080308130823083308430853086308730883089309030913092309330943095309630973098309931003101310231033104310531063107310831093110311131123113311431153116311731183119312031213122312331243125312631273128312931303131313231333134313531363137313831393140314131423143314431453146314731483149315031513152315331543155315631573158315931603161316231633164316531663167316831693170317131723173317431753176317731783179318031813182318331843185318631873188318931903191319231933194319531963197319831993200320132023203320432053206320732083209321032113212321332143215321632173218321932203221322232233224322532263227322832293230323132323233323432353236323732383239324032413242324332443245324632473248324932503251325232533254325532563257325832593260326132623263326432653266326732683269327032713272327332743275327632773278327932803281328232833284328532863287328832893290329132923293329432953296329732983299330033013302330333043305330633073308330933103311331233133314331533163317331833193320332133223323



A B C D E F G H I J3324332533263327332833293330333133323333333433353336333733383339334033413342334333443345334633473348334933503351335233533354335533563357335833593360336133623363336433653366336733683369337033713372337333743375337633773378337933803381338233833384338533863387338833893390339133923393339433953396339733983399340034013402340334043405340634073408340934103411341234133414341534163417341834193420342134223423342434253426342734283429343034313432343334343435343634373438343934403441344234433444344534463447344834493450345134523453345434553456345734583459346034613462346334643465346634673468346934703471347234733474347534763477347834793480348134823483348434853486348734883489349034913492349334943495349634973498349935003501350235033504350535063507350835093510351135123513351435153516351735183519352035213522352335243525352635273528352935303531353235333534353535363537353835393540354135423543354435453546354735483549355035513552355335543555355635573558355935603561356235633564356535663567356835693570357135723573357435753576357735783579358035813582358335843585358635873588358935903591359235933594359535963597359835993600360136023603360436053606360736083609361036113612361336143615361636173618361936203621362236233624362536263627362836293630363136323633363436353636363736383639364036413642364336443645364636473648364936503651365236533654365536563657365836593660366136623663366436653666366736683669367036713672367336743675367636773678367936803681368236833684368536863687368836893690369136923693369436953696369736983699370037013702370337043705370637073708370937103711371237133714371537163717371837193720372137223723372437253726372737283729373037313732373337343735373637373738373937403741374237433744374537463747374837493750375137523753375437553756375737583759376037613762376337643765376637673768376937703771377237733774377537763777377837793780378137823783378437853786378737883789379037913792379337943795379637973798



A B C D E F G H I J3799380038013802380338043805380638073808380938103811381238133814381538163817381838193820382138223823382438253826382738283829383038313832383338343835383638373838383938403841384238433844384538463847384838493850385138523853385438553856385738583859386038613862386338643865386638673868386938703871387238733874387538763877387838793880388138823883388438853886388738883889389038913892389338943895389638973898389939003901390239033904390539063907390839093910391139123913391439153916391739183919392039213922392339243925392639273928392939303931393239333934393539363937393839393940394139423943394439453946394739483949395039513952395339543955395639573958395939603961396239633964396539663967396839693970397139723973397439753976397739783979398039813982398339843985398639873988398939903991399239933994399539963997399839994000400140024003400440054006400740084009401040114012401340144015401640174018401940204021402240234024402540264027402840294030403140324033403440354036403740384039404040414042404340444045404640474048404940504051405240534054405540564057405840594060406140624063406440654066406740684069407040714072407340744075407640774078407940804081408240834084408540864087408840894090409140924093409440954096409740984099410041014102410341044105410641074108410941104111411241134114411541164117411841194120412141224123412441254126412741284129413041314132413341344135413641374138413941404141414241434144414541464147414841494150415141524153415441554156415741584159416041614162416341644165416641674168416941704171417241734174417541764177417841794180418141824183418441854186418741884189419041914192419341944195419641974198419942004201420242034204420542064207420842094210421142124213421442154216421742184219422042214222422342244225422642274228422942304231423242334234423542364237423842394240424142424243424442454246424742484249425042514252425342544255425642574258425942604261426242634264426542664267426842694270427142724273



A B C D E F G H I J4274427542764277427842794280428142824283428442854286428742884289429042914292429342944295429642974298429943004301430243034304430543064307430843094310431143124313431443154316431743184319432043214322432343244325432643274328432943304331433243334334433543364337433843394340434143424343434443454346434743484349435043514352435343544355435643574358435943604361436243634364436543664367436843694370437143724373437443754376437743784379438043814382438343844385438643874388438943904391439243934394439543964397439843994400440144024403440444054406440744084409441044114412441344144415441644174418441944204421442244234424442544264427442844294430443144324433443444354436443744384439444044414442444344444445444644474448444944504451445244534454445544564457445844594460446144624463446444654466446744684469447044714472447344744475447644774478447944804481448244834484448544864487448844894490449144924493449444954496449744984499450045014502450345044505450645074508450945104511451245134514451545164517451845194520452145224523452445254526452745284529453045314532453345344535453645374538453945404541454245434544454545464547454845494550455145524553455445554556455745584559456045614562456345644565456645674568456945704571457245734574457545764577457845794580458145824583458445854586458745884589459045914592459345944595459645974598459946004601460246034604460546064607460846094610461146124613461446154616461746184619462046214622462346244625462646274628462946304631463246334634463546364637463846394640464146424643464446454646464746484649465046514652465346544655465646574658465946604661466246634664466546664667466846694670467146724673467446754676467746784679468046814682468346844685468646874688468946904691469246934694469546964697469846994700470147024703470447054706470747084709471047114712471347144715471647174718471947204721472247234724472547264727472847294730473147324733473447354736473747384739474047414742474347444745474647474748



A B C D E F G H I J4749475047514752475347544755475647574758475947604761476247634764476547664767476847694770477147724773477447754776477747784779478047814782478347844785478647874788478947904791479247934794479547964797479847994800480148024803480448054806480748084809481048114812481348144815481648174818481948204821482248234824482548264827482848294830483148324833483448354836483748384839484048414842484348444845484648474848484948504851485248534854485548564857485848594860486148624863486448654866486748684869487048714872487348744875487648774878487948804881488248834884488548864887488848894890489148924893489448954896489748984899490049014902490349044905490649074908490949104911491249134914491549164917491849194920492149224923492449254926492749284929493049314932493349344935493649374938493949404941494249434944494549464947494849494950495149524953495449554956495749584959496049614962496349644965496649674968496949704971497249734974497549764977497849794980498149824983498449854986498749884989499049914992499349944995499649974998499950005001500250035004500550065007500850095010501150125013501450155016501750185019502050215022502350245025502650275028502950305031503250335034503550365037503850395040504150425043504450455046504750485049505050515052505350545055505650575058505950605061506250635064506550665067506850695070507150725073507450755076507750785079508050815082508350845085508650875088508950905091509250935094509550965097509850995100510151025103510451055106510751085109511051115112511351145115511651175118511951205121512251235124512551265127512851295130513151325133513451355136513751385139514051415142514351445145514651475148514951505151515251535154515551565157515851595160516151625163516451655166516751685169517051715172517351745175517651775178517951805181518251835184518551865187518851895190519151925193519451955196519751985199520052015202520352045205520652075208520952105211521252135214521552165217521852195220522152225223



A B C D E F G H I J5224522552265227522852295230523152325233523452355236523752385239524052415242524352445245524652475248524952505251525252535254525552565257525852595260526152625263526452655266526752685269527052715272527352745275527652775278527952805281528252835284528552865287528852895290529152925293529452955296529752985299530053015302530353045305530653075308530953105311531253135314531553165317531853195320532153225323532453255326532753285329533053315332533353345335533653375338533953405341534253435344534553465347534853495350535153525353535453555356535753585359536053615362536353645365536653675368536953705371537253735374537553765377537853795380538153825383538453855386538753885389539053915392539353945395539653975398539954005401540254035404540554065407540854095410541154125413541454155416541754185419542054215422542354245425542654275428542954305431543254335434543554365437543854395440544154425443544454455446544754485449545054515452545354545455545654575458545954605461546254635464546554665467546854695470547154725473547454755476547754785479548054815482548354845485548654875488548954905491549254935494549554965497549854995500550155025503550455055506550755085509551055115512551355145515551655175518551955205521552255235524552555265527552855295530553155325533553455355536553755385539554055415542554355445545554655475548554955505551555255535554555555565557555855595560556155625563556455655566556755685569557055715572557355745575557655775578557955805581558255835584558555865587558855895590559155925593559455955596559755985599560056015602560356045605560656075608560956105611561256135614561556165617561856195620562156225623562456255626562756285629563056315632563356345635563656375638563956405641564256435644564556465647564856495650565156525653565456555656565756585659566056615662566356645665566656675668566956705671567256735674567556765677567856795680568156825683568456855686568756885689569056915692569356945695569656975698



A B C D E F G H I J5699570057015702570357045705570657075708570957105711571257135714571557165717571857195720572157225723572457255726572757285729573057315732573357345735573657375738573957405741574257435744574557465747574857495750575157525753575457555756575757585759576057615762576357645765576657675768576957705771577257735774577557765777577857795780578157825783578457855786578757885789579057915792579357945795579657975798579958005801580258035804580558065807580858095810581158125813581458155816581758185819582058215822582358245825582658275828582958305831583258335834583558365837583858395840584158425843584458455846584758485849585058515852585358545855585658575858585958605861586258635864586558665867586858695870587158725873587458755876587758785879588058815882588358845885588658875888588958905891589258935894589558965897589858995900590159025903590459055906590759085909591059115912591359145915591659175918591959205921592259235924592559265927592859295930593159325933593459355936593759385939594059415942594359445945594659475948594959505951595259535954595559565957595859595960596159625963596459655966596759685969597059715972597359745975597659775978597959805981598259835984598559865987598859895990599159925993599459955996599759985999600060016002600360046005600660076008600960106011601260136014601560166017601860196020602160226023602460256026602760286029603060316032603360346035603660376038603960406041604260436044604560466047604860496050605160526053605460556056605760586059606060616062606360646065606660676068606960706071607260736074607560766077607860796080608160826083608460856086608760886089609060916092609360946095609660976098609961006101610261036104610561066107610861096110611161126113611461156116611761186119612061216122612361246125612661276128612961306131613261336134613561366137613861396140614161426143614461456146614761486149615061516152615361546155615661576158615961606161616261636164616561666167616861696170617161726173



A B C D E F G H I J6174617561766177617861796180618161826183618461856186618761886189619061916192619361946195619661976198619962006201620262036204620562066207620862096210621162126213621462156216621762186219622062216222622362246225622662276228622962306231623262336234623562366237623862396240624162426243624462456246624762486249625062516252625362546255625662576258625962606261626262636264626562666267626862696270627162726273627462756276627762786279628062816282628362846285628662876288628962906291629262936294629562966297629862996300630163026303630463056306630763086309631063116312631363146315631663176318631963206321632263236324632563266327632863296330633163326333633463356336633763386339634063416342634363446345634663476348634963506351635263536354635563566357635863596360636163626363636463656366636763686369637063716372637363746375637663776378637963806381638263836384638563866387638863896390639163926393639463956396639763986399640064016402640364046405640664076408640964106411641264136414641564166417641864196420642164226423642464256426642764286429643064316432643364346435643664376438643964406441644264436444644564466447644864496450645164526453645464556456645764586459646064616462646364646465646664676468646964706471647264736474647564766477647864796480648164826483648464856486648764886489649064916492649364946495649664976498649965006501650265036504650565066507650865096510651165126513651465156516651765186519652065216522652365246525652665276528652965306531653265336534653565366537653865396540654165426543654465456546654765486549655065516552655365546555655665576558655965606561656265636564656565666567656865696570657165726573657465756576657765786579658065816582658365846585658665876588658965906591659265936594659565966597659865996600660166026603660466056606660766086609661066116612661366146615661666176618661966206621662266236624662566266627662866296630663166326633663466356636663766386639664066416642664366446645664666476648



A B C D E F G H I J6649665066516652665366546655665666576658665966606661666266636664666566666667666866696670667166726673667466756676667766786679668066816682668366846685668666876688668966906691669266936694669566966697669866996700670167026703670467056706670767086709671067116712671367146715671667176718671967206721672267236724672567266727672867296730673167326733673467356736673767386739674067416742674367446745674667476748674967506751675267536754675567566757675867596760676167626763676467656766676767686769677067716772677367746775677667776778677967806781678267836784678567866787678867896790679167926793679467956796679767986799680068016802680368046805680668076808680968106811681268136814681568166817681868196820682168226823682468256826682768286829683068316832683368346835683668376838683968406841684268436844684568466847684868496850685168526853685468556856685768586859686068616862686368646865686668676868686968706871687268736874687568766877687868796880688168826883688468856886688768886889689068916892689368946895689668976898689969006901690269036904690569066907690869096910691169126913691469156916691769186919692069216922692369246925692669276928692969306931693269336934693569366937693869396940694169426943694469456946694769486949695069516952695369546955695669576958695969606961696269636964696569666967696869696970697169726973697469756976697769786979698069816982698369846985698669876988698969906991699269936994699569966997699869997000700170027003700470057006700770087009701070117012701370147015701670177018701970207021702270237024702570267027702870297030703170327033703470357036703770387039704070417042704370447045704670477048704970507051705270537054705570567057705870597060706170627063706470657066706770687069707070717072707370747075707670777078707970807081708270837084708570867087708870897090709170927093709470957096709770987099710071017102710371047105710671077108710971107111711271137114711571167117711871197120712171227123



A B C D E F G H I J7124712571267127712871297130713171327133713471357136713771387139714071417142714371447145714671477148714971507151715271537154715571567157715871597160716171627163716471657166716771687169717071717172717371747175717671777178717971807181718271837184718571867187718871897190719171927193719471957196719771987199720072017202720372047205720672077208720972107211721272137214721572167217721872197220722172227223722472257226722772287229723072317232723372347235723672377238723972407241724272437244724572467247724872497250725172527253725472557256725772587259726072617262726372647265726672677268726972707271727272737274727572767277727872797280728172827283728472857286728772887289729072917292729372947295729672977298729973007301730273037304730573067307730873097310731173127313731473157316731773187319732073217322732373247325732673277328732973307331733273337334733573367337733873397340734173427343734473457346734773487349735073517352735373547355735673577358735973607361736273637364736573667367736873697370737173727373737473757376737773787379738073817382738373847385738673877388738973907391739273937394739573967397739873997400740174027403740474057406740774087409741074117412741374147415741674177418741974207421742274237424742574267427742874297430743174327433743474357436743774387439744074417442744374447445744674477448744974507451745274537454745574567457745874597460746174627463746474657466746774687469747074717472747374747475747674777478747974807481748274837484748574867487748874897490749174927493749474957496749774987499750075017502750375047505750675077508750975107511751275137514751575167517751875197520752175227523752475257526752775287529753075317532753375347535753675377538753975407541754275437544754575467547754875497550755175527553755475557556755775587559756075617562756375647565756675677568756975707571757275737574757575767577757875797580758175827583758475857586758775887589759075917592759375947595759675977598



A B C D E F G H I J7599760076017602760376047605760676077608760976107611761276137614761576167617761876197620762176227623762476257626762776287629763076317632763376347635763676377638763976407641764276437644764576467647764876497650765176527653765476557656765776587659766076617662766376647665766676677668766976707671767276737674767576767677767876797680768176827683768476857686768776887689769076917692769376947695769676977698769977007701770277037704770577067707770877097710771177127713771477157716771777187719772077217722772377247725772677277728772977307731773277337734773577367737773877397740774177427743774477457746774777487749775077517752775377547755775677577758775977607761776277637764776577667767776877697770777177727773777477757776777777787779778077817782778377847785778677877788778977907791779277937794779577967797779877997800780178027803780478057806780778087809781078117812781378147815781678177818781978207821782278237824782578267827782878297830783178327833783478357836783778387839784078417842784378447845784678477848784978507851785278537854785578567857785878597860786178627863786478657866786778687869787078717872787378747875787678777878787978807881788278837884788578867887788878897890789178927893789478957896789778987899790079017902790379047905790679077908790979107911791279137914791579167917791879197920792179227923792479257926792779287929793079317932793379347935793679377938793979407941794279437944794579467947794879497950795179527953795479557956795779587959796079617962796379647965796679677968796979707971797279737974797579767977797879797980798179827983798479857986798779887989799079917992799379947995799679977998799980008001800280038004800580068007800880098010801180128013801480158016801780188019802080218022802380248025802680278028802980308031803280338034803580368037803880398040804180428043804480458046804780488049805080518052805380548055805680578058805980608061806280638064806580668067806880698070807180728073



A B C D E F G H I J8074807580768077807880798080808180828083808480858086808780888089809080918092809380948095809680978098809981008101810281038104810581068107810881098110811181128113811481158116811781188119812081218122812381248125812681278128812981308131813281338134813581368137813881398140814181428143814481458146814781488149815081518152815381548155815681578158815981608161816281638164816581668167816881698170817181728173817481758176817781788179818081818182818381848185818681878188818981908191819281938194819581968197819881998200820182028203820482058206820782088209821082118212821382148215821682178218821982208221822282238224822582268227822882298230823182328233823482358236823782388239824082418242824382448245824682478248824982508251825282538254825582568257825882598260826182628263826482658266826782688269827082718272827382748275827682778278827982808281828282838284828582868287828882898290829182928293829482958296829782988299830083018302830383048305830683078308830983108311831283138314831583168317831883198320832183228323832483258326832783288329833083318332833383348335833683378338833983408341834283438344834583468347834883498350835183528353835483558356835783588359836083618362836383648365836683678368836983708371837283738374837583768377837883798380838183828383838483858386838783888389839083918392839383948395839683978398839984008401840284038404840584068407840884098410841184128413841484158416841784188419842084218422842384248425842684278428842984308431843284338434843584368437843884398440844184428443844484458446844784488449845084518452845384548455845684578458845984608461846284638464846584668467846884698470847184728473847484758476847784788479848084818482848384848485848684878488848984908491849284938494849584968497849884998500850185028503850485058506850785088509851085118512851385148515851685178518851985208521852285238524852585268527852885298530853185328533853485358536853785388539854085418542854385448545854685478548



A B C D E F G H I J8549855085518552855385548555855685578558855985608561856285638564856585668567856885698570857185728573857485758576857785788579858085818582858385848585858685878588858985908591859285938594859585968597859885998600860186028603860486058606860786088609861086118612861386148615861686178618861986208621862286238624862586268627862886298630863186328633863486358636863786388639864086418642864386448645864686478648864986508651865286538654865586568657865886598660866186628663866486658666866786688669867086718672867386748675867686778678867986808681868286838684868586868687868886898690869186928693869486958696869786988699870087018702870387048705870687078708870987108711871287138714871587168717871887198720872187228723872487258726872787288729873087318732873387348735873687378738873987408741874287438744874587468747874887498750875187528753875487558756875787588759876087618762876387648765876687678768876987708771877287738774877587768777877887798780878187828783878487858786878787888789879087918792879387948795879687978798879988008801880288038804880588068807880888098810881188128813881488158816881788188819882088218822882388248825882688278828882988308831883288338834883588368837883888398840884188428843884488458846884788488849885088518852885388548855885688578858885988608861886288638864886588668867886888698870887188728873887488758876887788788879888088818882888388848885888688878888888988908891889288938894889588968897889888998900890189028903890489058906890789088909891089118912891389148915891689178918891989208921892289238924892589268927892889298930893189328933893489358936893789388939894089418942894389448945894689478948894989508951895289538954895589568957895889598960896189628963896489658966896789688969897089718972897389748975897689778978897989808981898289838984898589868987898889898990899189928993899489958996899789988999900090019002900390049005900690079008900990109011901290139014901590169017901890199020902190229023



A B C D E F G H I J9024902590269027902890299030903190329033903490359036903790389039904090419042904390449045904690479048904990509051905290539054905590569057905890599060906190629063906490659066906790689069907090719072907390749075907690779078907990809081908290839084908590869087908890899090909190929093909490959096909790989099910091019102910391049105910691079108910991109111911291139114911591169117911891199120912191229123912491259126912791289129913091319132913391349135913691379138913991409141914291439144914591469147914891499150915191529153915491559156915791589159916091619162916391649165916691679168916991709171917291739174917591769177917891799180918191829183918491859186918791889189919091919192919391949195919691979198919992009201920292039204920592069207920892099210921192129213921492159216921792189219922092219222922392249225922692279228922992309231923292339234923592369237923892399240924192429243924492459246924792489249925092519252925392549255925692579258925992609261926292639264926592669267926892699270927192729273927492759276927792789279928092819282928392849285928692879288928992909291929292939294929592969297929892999300930193029303930493059306930793089309931093119312931393149315931693179318931993209321932293239324932593269327932893299330933193329333933493359336933793389339934093419342934393449345934693479348934993509351935293539354935593569357935893599360936193629363936493659366936793689369937093719372937393749375937693779378937993809381938293839384938593869387938893899390939193929393939493959396939793989399940094019402940394049405940694079408940994109411941294139414941594169417941894199420942194229423942494259426942794289429943094319432943394349435943694379438943994409441944294439444944594469447944894499450945194529453945494559456945794589459946094619462946394649465946694679468946994709471947294739474947594769477947894799480948194829483948494859486948794889489949094919492949394949495949694979498



A B C D E F G H I J9499950095019502950395049505950695079508950995109511951295139514951595169517951895199520952195229523952495259526952795289529953095319532953395349535953695379538953995409541954295439544954595469547954895499550955195529553955495559556955795589559956095619562956395649565956695679568956995709571957295739574957595769577957895799580958195829583958495859586958795889589959095919592959395949595959695979598959996009601960296039604960596069607960896099610961196129613961496159616961796189619962096219622962396249625962696279628962996309631963296339634963596369637963896399640964196429643964496459646964796489649965096519652965396549655965696579658965996609661966296639664966596669667966896699670967196729673967496759676967796789679968096819682968396849685968696879688968996909691969296939694969596969697969896999700970197029703970497059706970797089709971097119712971397149715971697179718971997209721972297239724972597269727972897299730973197329733973497359736973797389739974097419742974397449745974697479748974997509751975297539754975597569757975897599760976197629763976497659766976797689769977097719772977397749775977697779778977997809781978297839784978597869787978897899790979197929793979497959796979797989799980098019802980398049805980698079808980998109811981298139814981598169817981898199820982198229823982498259826982798289829983098319832983398349835983698379838983998409841984298439844984598469847984898499850985198529853985498559856985798589859986098619862986398649865986698679868986998709871987298739874987598769877987898799880988198829883988498859886988798889889989098919892989398949895989698979898989999009901990299039904990599069907990899099910991199129913991499159916991799189919992099219922992399249925992699279928992999309931993299339934993599369937993899399940994199429943994499459946994799489949995099519952995399549955995699579958995999609961996299639964996599669967996899699970997199729973



A B C D E F G H I J99749975997699779978997999809981998299839984998599869987998899899990999199929993999499959996999799989999

1000010001100021000310004100051000610007100081000910010100111001210013100141001510016100171001810019100201002110022100231002410025100261002710028100291003010031100321003310034100351003610037100381003910040100411004210043100441004510046100471004810049100501005110052100531005410055100561005710058100591006010061100621006310064100651006610067100681006910070100711007210073100741007510076100771007810079100801008110082100831008410085100861008710088100891009010091100921009310094100951009610097100981009910100101011010210103101041010510106101071010810109101101011110112101131011410115101161011710118101191012010121101221012310124101251012610127101281012910130101311013210133101341013510136101371013810139101401014110142101431014410145101461014710148101491015010151101521015310154101551015610157101581015910160101611016210163101641016510166101671016810169101701017110172101731017410175101761017710178101791018010181101821018310184101851018610187101881018910190101911019210193101941019510196101971019810199102001020110202102031020410205102061020710208102091021010211102121021310214102151021610217102181021910220102211022210223102241022510226102271022810229102301023110232102331023410235102361023710238102391024010241102421024310244102451024610247102481024910250102511025210253102541025510256102571025810259102601026110262102631026410265102661026710268102691027010271102721027310274102751027610277102781027910280102811028210283102841028510286102871028810289102901029110292102931029410295102961029710298102991030010301103021030310304103051030610307103081030910310103111031210313103141031510316103171031810319103201032110322103231032410325103261032710328103291033010331103321033310334103351033610337103381033910340103411034210343103441034510346103471034810349103501035110352103531035410355103561035710358103591036010361103621036310364103651036610367103681036910370103711037210373103741037510376103771037810379103801038110382103831038410385103861038710388103891039010391103921039310394103951039610397103981039910400104011040210403104041040510406104071040810409104101041110412104131041410415104161041710418104191042010421104221042310424104251042610427104281042910430104311043210433104341043510436104371043810439104401044110442104431044410445104461044710448



A B C D E F G H I J10449104501045110452104531045410455104561045710458104591046010461104621046310464104651046610467104681046910470104711047210473104741047510476104771047810479104801048110482104831048410485104861048710488104891049010491104921049310494104951049610497104981049910500105011050210503105041050510506105071050810509105101051110512105131051410515105161051710518105191052010521105221052310524105251052610527105281052910530105311053210533105341053510536105371053810539105401054110542105431054410545105461054710548105491055010551105521055310554105551055610557105581055910560105611056210563105641056510566105671056810569105701057110572105731057410575105761057710578105791058010581105821058310584105851058610587105881058910590105911059210593105941059510596105971059810599106001060110602106031060410605106061060710608106091061010611106121061310614106151061610617106181061910620106211062210623106241062510626106271062810629106301063110632106331063410635106361063710638106391064010641106421064310644106451064610647106481064910650106511065210653106541065510656106571065810659106601066110662106631066410665106661066710668106691067010671106721067310674106751067610677106781067910680106811068210683106841068510686106871068810689106901069110692106931069410695106961069710698106991070010701107021070310704107051070610707107081070910710107111071210713107141071510716107171071810719107201072110722107231072410725107261072710728107291073010731107321073310734107351073610737107381073910740107411074210743107441074510746107471074810749107501075110752107531075410755107561075710758107591076010761107621076310764107651076610767107681076910770107711077210773107741077510776107771077810779107801078110782107831078410785107861078710788107891079010791107921079310794107951079610797107981079910800108011080210803108041080510806108071080810809108101081110812108131081410815108161081710818108191082010821108221082310824108251082610827108281082910830108311083210833108341083510836108371083810839108401084110842108431084410845108461084710848108491085010851108521085310854108551085610857108581085910860108611086210863108641086510866108671086810869108701087110872108731087410875108761087710878108791088010881108821088310884108851088610887108881088910890108911089210893108941089510896108971089810899109001090110902109031090410905109061090710908109091091010911109121091310914109151091610917109181091910920109211092210923



A B C D E F G H I J10924109251092610927109281092910930109311093210933109341093510936109371093810939109401094110942109431094410945109461094710948109491095010951109521095310954109551095610957109581095910960109611096210963109641096510966109671096810969109701097110972109731097410975109761097710978109791098010981109821098310984109851098610987109881098910990109911099210993109941099510996109971099810999110001100111002110031100411005110061100711008110091101011011110121101311014110151101611017110181101911020110211102211023110241102511026110271102811029110301103111032110331103411035110361103711038110391104011041110421104311044110451104611047110481104911050110511105211053110541105511056110571105811059110601106111062110631106411065110661106711068110691107011071110721107311074110751107611077110781107911080110811108211083110841108511086110871108811089110901109111092110931109411095110961109711098110991110011101111021110311104111051110611107111081110911110111111111211113111141111511116111171111811119111201112111122111231112411125111261112711128111291113011131111321113311134111351113611137111381113911140111411114211143111441114511146111471114811149111501115111152111531115411155111561115711158111591116011161111621116311164111651116611167111681116911170111711117211173111741117511176111771117811179111801118111182111831118411185111861118711188111891119011191111921119311194111951119611197111981119911200112011120211203112041120511206112071120811209112101121111212112131121411215112161121711218112191122011221112221122311224112251122611227112281122911230112311123211233112341123511236112371123811239112401124111242112431124411245112461124711248112491125011251112521125311254112551125611257112581125911260112611126211263112641126511266112671126811269112701127111272112731127411275112761127711278112791128011281112821128311284112851128611287112881128911290112911129211293112941129511296112971129811299113001130111302113031130411305113061130711308113091131011311113121131311314113151131611317113181131911320113211132211323113241132511326113271132811329113301133111332113331133411335113361133711338113391134011341113421134311344113451134611347113481134911350113511135211353113541135511356113571135811359113601136111362113631136411365113661136711368113691137011371113721137311374113751137611377113781137911380113811138211383113841138511386113871138811389113901139111392113931139411395113961139711398



A B C D E F G H I J11399114001140111402114031140411405114061140711408114091141011411114121141311414114151141611417114181141911420114211142211423114241142511426114271142811429114301143111432114331143411435114361143711438114391144011441114421144311444114451144611447114481144911450114511145211453114541145511456114571145811459114601146111462114631146411465114661146711468114691147011471114721147311474114751147611477114781147911480114811148211483114841148511486114871148811489114901149111492114931149411495114961149711498114991150011501115021150311504115051150611507115081150911510115111151211513115141151511516115171151811519115201152111522115231152411525115261152711528115291153011531115321153311534115351153611537115381153911540115411154211543115441154511546115471154811549115501155111552115531155411555115561155711558115591156011561115621156311564115651156611567115681156911570115711157211573115741157511576115771157811579115801158111582115831158411585115861158711588115891159011591115921159311594115951159611597115981159911600116011160211603116041160511606116071160811609116101161111612116131161411615116161161711618116191162011621116221162311624116251162611627116281162911630116311163211633116341163511636116371163811639116401164111642116431164411645116461164711648116491165011651116521165311654116551165611657116581165911660116611166211663116641166511666116671166811669116701167111672116731167411675116761167711678116791168011681116821168311684116851168611687116881168911690116911169211693116941169511696116971169811699117001170111702117031170411705117061170711708117091171011711117121171311714117151171611717117181171911720117211172211723117241172511726117271172811729117301173111732117331173411735117361173711738117391174011741117421174311744117451174611747117481174911750117511175211753117541175511756117571175811759117601176111762117631176411765117661176711768117691177011771117721177311774117751177611777117781177911780117811178211783117841178511786117871178811789117901179111792117931179411795117961179711798117991180011801118021180311804118051180611807118081180911810118111181211813118141181511816118171181811819118201182111822118231182411825118261182711828118291183011831118321183311834118351183611837118381183911840118411184211843118441184511846118471184811849118501185111852118531185411855118561185711858118591186011861118621186311864118651186611867118681186911870118711187211873



A B C D E F G H I J11874118751187611877118781187911880118811188211883118841188511886118871188811889118901189111892118931189411895118961189711898118991190011901119021190311904119051190611907119081190911910119111191211913119141191511916119171191811919119201192111922119231192411925119261192711928119291193011931119321193311934119351193611937119381193911940119411194211943119441194511946119471194811949119501195111952119531195411955119561195711958119591196011961119621196311964119651196611967119681196911970119711197211973119741197511976119771197811979119801198111982119831198411985119861198711988119891199011991119921199311994119951199611997119981199912000120011200212003120041200512006120071200812009120101201112012120131201412015120161201712018120191202012021120221202312024120251202612027120281202912030120311203212033120341203512036120371203812039120401204112042120431204412045120461204712048120491205012051120521205312054120551205612057120581205912060120611206212063120641206512066120671206812069120701207112072120731207412075120761207712078120791208012081120821208312084120851208612087120881208912090120911209212093120941209512096120971209812099121001210112102121031210412105121061210712108121091211012111121121211312114121151211612117121181211912120121211212212123121241212512126121271212812129121301213112132121331213412135121361213712138121391214012141121421214312144121451214612147121481214912150121511215212153121541215512156121571215812159121601216112162121631216412165121661216712168121691217012171121721217312174121751217612177121781217912180121811218212183121841218512186121871218812189121901219112192121931219412195121961219712198121991220012201122021220312204122051220612207122081220912210122111221212213122141221512216122171221812219122201222112222122231222412225122261222712228122291223012231122321223312234122351223612237122381223912240122411224212243122441224512246122471224812249122501225112252122531225412255122561225712258122591226012261122621226312264122651226612267122681226912270122711227212273122741227512276122771227812279122801228112282122831228412285122861228712288122891229012291122921229312294122951229612297122981229912300123011230212303123041230512306123071230812309123101231112312123131231412315123161231712318123191232012321123221232312324123251232612327123281232912330123311233212333123341233512336123371233812339123401234112342123431234412345123461234712348



A B C D E F G H I J12349123501235112352123531235412355123561235712358123591236012361123621236312364123651236612367123681236912370123711237212373123741237512376123771237812379123801238112382123831238412385123861238712388123891239012391123921239312394123951239612397123981239912400124011240212403124041240512406124071240812409124101241112412124131241412415124161241712418124191242012421124221242312424124251242612427124281242912430124311243212433124341243512436124371243812439124401244112442124431244412445124461244712448124491245012451124521245312454124551245612457124581245912460124611246212463124641246512466124671246812469124701247112472124731247412475124761247712478124791248012481124821248312484124851248612487124881248912490124911249212493124941249512496124971249812499125001250112502125031250412505125061250712508125091251012511125121251312514125151251612517125181251912520125211252212523125241252512526125271252812529125301253112532125331253412535125361253712538125391254012541125421254312544125451254612547125481254912550125511255212553125541255512556125571255812559125601256112562125631256412565125661256712568125691257012571125721257312574125751257612577125781257912580125811258212583125841258512586125871258812589125901259112592125931259412595125961259712598125991260012601126021260312604126051260612607126081260912610126111261212613126141261512616126171261812619126201262112622126231262412625126261262712628126291263012631126321263312634126351263612637126381263912640126411264212643126441264512646126471264812649126501265112652126531265412655126561265712658126591266012661126621266312664126651266612667126681266912670126711267212673126741267512676126771267812679126801268112682126831268412685126861268712688126891269012691126921269312694126951269612697126981269912700127011270212703127041270512706127071270812709127101271112712127131271412715127161271712718127191272012721127221272312724127251272612727127281272912730127311273212733127341273512736127371273812739127401274112742127431274412745127461274712748127491275012751127521275312754127551275612757127581275912760127611276212763127641276512766127671276812769127701277112772127731277412775127761277712778127791278012781127821278312784127851278612787127881278912790127911279212793127941279512796127971279812799128001280112802128031280412805128061280712808128091281012811128121281312814128151281612817128181281912820128211282212823



A B C D E F G H I J12824128251282612827128281282912830128311283212833128341283512836128371283812839128401284112842128431284412845128461284712848128491285012851128521285312854128551285612857128581285912860128611286212863128641286512866128671286812869128701287112872128731287412875128761287712878128791288012881128821288312884128851288612887128881288912890128911289212893128941289512896128971289812899129001290112902129031290412905129061290712908129091291012911129121291312914129151291612917129181291912920129211292212923129241292512926129271292812929129301293112932129331293412935129361293712938129391294012941129421294312944129451294612947129481294912950129511295212953129541295512956129571295812959129601296112962129631296412965129661296712968129691297012971129721297312974129751297612977129781297912980129811298212983129841298512986129871298812989129901299112992129931299412995129961299712998129991300013001130021300313004130051300613007130081300913010130111301213013130141301513016130171301813019130201302113022130231302413025130261302713028130291303013031130321303313034130351303613037130381303913040130411304213043130441304513046130471304813049130501305113052130531305413055130561305713058130591306013061130621306313064130651306613067130681306913070130711307213073130741307513076130771307813079130801308113082130831308413085130861308713088130891309013091130921309313094130951309613097130981309913100131011310213103131041310513106131071310813109131101311113112131131311413115131161311713118131191312013121131221312313124131251312613127131281312913130131311313213133131341313513136131371313813139131401314113142131431314413145131461314713148131491315013151131521315313154131551315613157131581315913160131611316213163131641316513166131671316813169131701317113172131731317413175131761317713178131791318013181131821318313184131851318613187131881318913190131911319213193131941319513196131971319813199132001320113202132031320413205132061320713208132091321013211132121321313214132151321613217132181321913220132211322213223132241322513226132271322813229132301323113232132331323413235132361323713238132391324013241132421324313244132451324613247132481324913250132511325213253132541325513256132571325813259132601326113262132631326413265132661326713268132691327013271132721327313274132751327613277132781327913280132811328213283132841328513286132871328813289132901329113292132931329413295132961329713298



A B C D E F G H I J13299133001330113302133031330413305133061330713308133091331013311133121331313314133151331613317133181331913320133211332213323133241332513326133271332813329133301333113332133331333413335133361333713338133391334013341133421334313344133451334613347133481334913350133511335213353133541335513356133571335813359133601336113362133631336413365133661336713368133691337013371133721337313374133751337613377133781337913380133811338213383133841338513386133871338813389133901339113392133931339413395133961339713398133991340013401134021340313404134051340613407134081340913410134111341213413134141341513416134171341813419134201342113422134231342413425134261342713428134291343013431134321343313434134351343613437134381343913440134411344213443134441344513446134471344813449134501345113452134531345413455134561345713458134591346013461134621346313464134651346613467134681346913470134711347213473134741347513476134771347813479134801348113482134831348413485134861348713488134891349013491134921349313494134951349613497134981349913500135011350213503135041350513506135071350813509135101351113512135131351413515135161351713518135191352013521135221352313524135251352613527135281352913530135311353213533135341353513536135371353813539135401354113542135431354413545135461354713548135491355013551135521355313554135551355613557135581355913560135611356213563135641356513566135671356813569135701357113572135731357413575135761357713578135791358013581135821358313584135851358613587135881358913590135911359213593135941359513596135971359813599136001360113602136031360413605136061360713608136091361013611136121361313614136151361613617136181361913620136211362213623136241362513626136271362813629136301363113632136331363413635136361363713638136391364013641136421364313644136451364613647136481364913650136511365213653136541365513656136571365813659136601366113662136631366413665136661366713668136691367013671136721367313674136751367613677136781367913680136811368213683136841368513686136871368813689136901369113692136931369413695136961369713698136991370013701137021370313704137051370613707137081370913710137111371213713137141371513716137171371813719137201372113722137231372413725137261372713728137291373013731137321373313734137351373613737137381373913740137411374213743137441374513746137471374813749137501375113752137531375413755137561375713758137591376013761137621376313764137651376613767137681376913770137711377213773



A B C D E F G H I J13774137751377613777137781377913780137811378213783137841378513786137871378813789137901379113792137931379413795137961379713798137991380013801138021380313804138051380613807138081380913810138111381213813138141381513816138171381813819138201382113822138231382413825138261382713828138291383013831138321383313834138351383613837138381383913840138411384213843138441384513846138471384813849138501385113852138531385413855138561385713858138591386013861138621386313864138651386613867138681386913870138711387213873138741387513876138771387813879138801388113882138831388413885138861388713888138891389013891138921389313894138951389613897138981389913900139011390213903139041390513906139071390813909139101391113912139131391413915139161391713918139191392013921139221392313924139251392613927139281392913930139311393213933139341393513936139371393813939139401394113942139431394413945139461394713948139491395013951139521395313954139551395613957139581395913960139611396213963139641396513966139671396813969139701397113972139731397413975139761397713978139791398013981139821398313984139851398613987139881398913990139911399213993139941399513996139971399813999140001400114002140031400414005140061400714008140091401014011140121401314014140151401614017140181401914020140211402214023140241402514026140271402814029140301403114032140331403414035140361403714038140391404014041140421404314044140451404614047140481404914050140511405214053140541405514056140571405814059140601406114062140631406414065140661406714068140691407014071140721407314074140751407614077140781407914080140811408214083140841408514086140871408814089140901409114092140931409414095140961409714098140991410014101141021410314104141051410614107141081410914110141111411214113141141411514116141171411814119141201412114122141231412414125141261412714128141291413014131141321413314134141351413614137141381413914140141411414214143141441414514146141471414814149141501415114152141531415414155141561415714158141591416014161141621416314164141651416614167141681416914170141711417214173141741417514176141771417814179141801418114182141831418414185141861418714188141891419014191141921419314194141951419614197141981419914200142011420214203142041420514206142071420814209142101421114212142131421414215142161421714218142191422014221142221422314224142251422614227142281422914230142311423214233142341423514236142371423814239142401424114242142431424414245142461424714248



A B C D E F G H I J14249142501425114252142531425414255142561425714258142591426014261142621426314264142651426614267142681426914270142711427214273142741427514276142771427814279142801428114282142831428414285142861428714288142891429014291142921429314294142951429614297142981429914300143011430214303143041430514306143071430814309143101431114312143131431414315143161431714318143191432014321143221432314324143251432614327143281432914330143311433214333143341433514336143371433814339143401434114342143431434414345143461434714348143491435014351143521435314354143551435614357143581435914360143611436214363143641436514366143671436814369143701437114372143731437414375143761437714378143791438014381143821438314384143851438614387143881438914390143911439214393143941439514396143971439814399144001440114402144031440414405144061440714408144091441014411144121441314414144151441614417144181441914420144211442214423144241442514426144271442814429144301443114432144331443414435144361443714438144391444014441144421444314444144451444614447144481444914450144511445214453144541445514456144571445814459144601446114462144631446414465144661446714468144691447014471144721447314474144751447614477144781447914480144811448214483144841448514486144871448814489144901449114492144931449414495144961449714498144991450014501145021450314504145051450614507145081450914510145111451214513145141451514516145171451814519145201452114522145231452414525145261452714528145291453014531145321453314534145351453614537145381453914540145411454214543145441454514546145471454814549145501455114552145531455414555145561455714558145591456014561145621456314564145651456614567145681456914570145711457214573145741457514576145771457814579145801458114582145831458414585145861458714588145891459014591145921459314594145951459614597145981459914600146011460214603146041460514606146071460814609146101461114612146131461414615146161461714618146191462014621146221462314624146251462614627146281462914630146311463214633146341463514636146371463814639146401464114642146431464414645146461464714648146491465014651146521465314654146551465614657146581465914660146611466214663146641466514666146671466814669146701467114672146731467414675146761467714678146791468014681146821468314684146851468614687146881468914690146911469214693146941469514696146971469814699147001470114702147031470414705147061470714708147091471014711147121471314714147151471614717147181471914720147211472214723



A B C D E F G H I J14724147251472614727147281472914730147311473214733147341473514736147371473814739147401474114742147431474414745147461474714748147491475014751147521475314754147551475614757147581475914760147611476214763147641476514766147671476814769147701477114772147731477414775147761477714778147791478014781147821478314784147851478614787147881478914790147911479214793147941479514796147971479814799148001480114802148031480414805148061480714808148091481014811148121481314814148151481614817148181481914820148211482214823148241482514826148271482814829148301483114832148331483414835148361483714838148391484014841148421484314844148451484614847148481484914850148511485214853148541485514856148571485814859148601486114862148631486414865148661486714868148691487014871148721487314874148751487614877148781487914880148811488214883148841488514886148871488814889148901489114892148931489414895148961489714898148991490014901149021490314904149051490614907149081490914910149111491214913149141491514916149171491814919149201492114922149231492414925149261492714928149291493014931149321493314934149351493614937149381493914940149411494214943149441494514946149471494814949149501495114952149531495414955149561495714958149591496014961149621496314964149651496614967149681496914970149711497214973149741497514976149771497814979149801498114982149831498414985149861498714988149891499014991149921499314994149951499614997149981499915000150011500215003150041500515006150071500815009150101501115012150131501415015150161501715018150191502015021150221502315024150251502615027150281502915030150311503215033150341503515036150371503815039150401504115042150431504415045150461504715048150491505015051150521505315054150551505615057150581505915060150611506215063150641506515066150671506815069150701507115072150731507415075150761507715078150791508015081150821508315084150851508615087150881508915090150911509215093150941509515096150971509815099151001510115102151031510415105151061510715108151091511015111151121511315114151151511615117151181511915120151211512215123151241512515126151271512815129151301513115132151331513415135151361513715138151391514015141151421514315144151451514615147151481514915150151511515215153151541515515156151571515815159151601516115162151631516415165151661516715168151691517015171151721517315174151751517615177151781517915180151811518215183151841518515186151871518815189151901519115192151931519415195151961519715198



A B C D E F G H I J15199152001520115202152031520415205152061520715208152091521015211152121521315214152151521615217152181521915220152211522215223152241522515226152271522815229152301523115232152331523415235152361523715238152391524015241152421524315244152451524615247152481524915250152511525215253152541525515256152571525815259152601526115262152631526415265152661526715268152691527015271152721527315274152751527615277152781527915280152811528215283152841528515286152871528815289152901529115292152931529415295152961529715298152991530015301153021530315304153051530615307153081530915310153111531215313153141531515316153171531815319153201532115322153231532415325153261532715328153291533015331153321533315334153351533615337153381533915340153411534215343153441534515346153471534815349153501535115352153531535415355153561535715358153591536015361153621536315364153651536615367153681536915370153711537215373153741537515376153771537815379153801538115382153831538415385153861538715388153891539015391153921539315394153951539615397153981539915400154011540215403154041540515406154071540815409154101541115412154131541415415154161541715418154191542015421154221542315424154251542615427154281542915430154311543215433154341543515436154371543815439154401544115442154431544415445154461544715448154491545015451154521545315454154551545615457154581545915460154611546215463154641546515466154671546815469154701547115472154731547415475154761547715478154791548015481154821548315484154851548615487154881548915490154911549215493154941549515496154971549815499155001550115502155031550415505155061550715508155091551015511155121551315514155151551615517155181551915520155211552215523155241552515526155271552815529155301553115532155331553415535155361553715538155391554015541155421554315544155451554615547155481554915550155511555215553155541555515556155571555815559155601556115562155631556415565155661556715568155691557015571155721557315574155751557615577155781557915580155811558215583155841558515586155871558815589155901559115592155931559415595155961559715598155991560015601156021560315604156051560615607156081560915610156111561215613156141561515616156171561815619156201562115622156231562415625156261562715628156291563015631156321563315634156351563615637156381563915640156411564215643156441564515646156471564815649156501565115652156531565415655156561565715658156591566015661156621566315664156651566615667156681566915670156711567215673



A B C D E F G H I J15674156751567615677156781567915680156811568215683156841568515686156871568815689156901569115692156931569415695156961569715698156991570015701157021570315704157051570615707157081570915710157111571215713157141571515716157171571815719157201572115722157231572415725157261572715728157291573015731157321573315734157351573615737157381573915740157411574215743157441574515746157471574815749157501575115752157531575415755157561575715758157591576015761157621576315764157651576615767157681576915770157711577215773157741577515776157771577815779157801578115782157831578415785157861578715788157891579015791157921579315794157951579615797157981579915800158011580215803158041580515806158071580815809158101581115812158131581415815158161581715818158191582015821158221582315824158251582615827158281582915830158311583215833158341583515836158371583815839158401584115842158431584415845158461584715848158491585015851158521585315854158551585615857158581585915860158611586215863158641586515866158671586815869158701587115872158731587415875158761587715878158791588015881158821588315884158851588615887158881588915890158911589215893158941589515896158971589815899159001590115902159031590415905159061590715908159091591015911159121591315914159151591615917159181591915920159211592215923159241592515926159271592815929159301593115932159331593415935159361593715938159391594015941159421594315944159451594615947159481594915950159511595215953159541595515956159571595815959159601596115962159631596415965159661596715968159691597015971159721597315974159751597615977159781597915980159811598215983159841598515986159871598815989159901599115992159931599415995159961599715998159991600016001160021600316004160051600616007160081600916010160111601216013160141601516016160171601816019160201602116022160231602416025160261602716028160291603016031160321603316034160351603616037160381603916040160411604216043160441604516046160471604816049160501605116052160531605416055160561605716058160591606016061160621606316064160651606616067160681606916070160711607216073160741607516076160771607816079160801608116082160831608416085160861608716088160891609016091160921609316094160951609616097160981609916100161011610216103161041610516106161071610816109161101611116112161131611416115161161611716118161191612016121161221612316124161251612616127161281612916130161311613216133161341613516136161371613816139161401614116142161431614416145161461614716148



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



A B C D E F G H I J16624166251662616627166281662916630166311663216633166341663516636166371663816639166401664116642166431664416645166461664716648166491665016651166521665316654166551665616657166581665916660166611666216663166641666516666166671666816669166701667116672166731667416675166761667716678166791668016681166821668316684166851668616687166881668916690166911669216693166941669516696166971669816699167001670116702167031670416705167061670716708167091671016711167121671316714167151671616717167181671916720167211672216723167241672516726167271672816729167301673116732167331673416735167361673716738167391674016741167421674316744167451674616747167481674916750167511675216753167541675516756167571675816759167601676116762167631676416765167661676716768167691677016771167721677316774167751677616777167781677916780167811678216783167841678516786167871678816789167901679116792167931679416795167961679716798167991680016801168021680316804168051680616807168081680916810168111681216813168141681516816168171681816819168201682116822168231682416825168261682716828168291683016831168321683316834168351683616837168381683916840168411684216843168441684516846168471684816849168501685116852168531685416855168561685716858168591686016861168621686316864168651686616867168681686916870168711687216873168741687516876168771687816879168801688116882168831688416885168861688716888168891689016891168921689316894168951689616897168981689916900169011690216903169041690516906169071690816909169101691116912169131691416915169161691716918169191692016921169221692316924169251692616927169281692916930169311693216933169341693516936169371693816939169401694116942169431694416945169461694716948169491695016951169521695316954169551695616957169581695916960169611696216963169641696516966169671696816969169701697116972169731697416975169761697716978169791698016981169821698316984169851698616987169881698916990169911699216993169941699516996169971699816999170001700117002170031700417005170061700717008170091701017011170121701317014170151701617017170181701917020170211702217023170241702517026170271702817029170301703117032170331703417035170361703717038170391704017041170421704317044170451704617047170481704917050170511705217053170541705517056170571705817059170601706117062170631706417065170661706717068170691707017071170721707317074170751707617077170781707917080170811708217083170841708517086170871708817089170901709117092170931709417095170961709717098



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



A B C D E F G H I J17574175751757617577175781757917580175811758217583175841758517586175871758817589175901759117592175931759417595175961759717598175991760017601176021760317604176051760617607176081760917610176111761217613176141761517616176171761817619176201762117622176231762417625176261762717628176291763017631176321763317634176351763617637176381763917640176411764217643176441764517646176471764817649176501765117652176531765417655176561765717658176591766017661176621766317664176651766617667176681766917670176711767217673176741767517676176771767817679176801768117682176831768417685176861768717688176891769017691176921769317694176951769617697176981769917700177011770217703177041770517706177071770817709177101771117712177131771417715177161771717718177191772017721177221772317724177251772617727177281772917730177311773217733177341773517736177371773817739177401774117742177431774417745177461774717748177491775017751177521775317754177551775617757177581775917760177611776217763177641776517766177671776817769177701777117772177731777417775177761777717778177791778017781177821778317784177851778617787177881778917790177911779217793177941779517796177971779817799178001780117802178031780417805178061780717808178091781017811178121781317814178151781617817178181781917820178211782217823178241782517826178271782817829178301783117832178331783417835178361783717838178391784017841178421784317844178451784617847178481784917850178511785217853178541785517856178571785817859178601786117862178631786417865178661786717868178691787017871178721787317874178751787617877178781787917880178811788217883178841788517886178871788817889178901789117892178931789417895178961789717898178991790017901179021790317904179051790617907179081790917910179111791217913179141791517916179171791817919179201792117922179231792417925179261792717928179291793017931179321793317934179351793617937179381793917940179411794217943179441794517946179471794817949179501795117952179531795417955179561795717958179591796017961179621796317964179651796617967179681796917970179711797217973179741797517976179771797817979179801798117982179831798417985179861798717988179891799017991179921799317994179951799617997179981799918000180011800218003180041800518006180071800818009180101801118012180131801418015180161801718018180191802018021180221802318024180251802618027180281802918030180311803218033180341803518036180371803818039180401804118042180431804418045180461804718048



A B C D E F G H I J18049180501805118052180531805418055180561805718058180591806018061180621806318064180651806618067180681806918070180711807218073180741807518076180771807818079180801808118082180831808418085180861808718088180891809018091180921809318094180951809618097180981809918100181011810218103181041810518106181071810818109181101811118112181131811418115181161811718118181191812018121181221812318124181251812618127181281812918130181311813218133181341813518136181371813818139181401814118142181431814418145181461814718148181491815018151181521815318154181551815618157181581815918160181611816218163181641816518166181671816818169181701817118172181731817418175181761817718178181791818018181181821818318184181851818618187181881818918190181911819218193181941819518196181971819818199182001820118202182031820418205182061820718208182091821018211182121821318214182151821618217182181821918220182211822218223182241822518226182271822818229182301823118232182331823418235182361823718238182391824018241182421824318244182451824618247182481824918250182511825218253182541825518256182571825818259182601826118262182631826418265182661826718268182691827018271182721827318274182751827618277182781827918280182811828218283182841828518286182871828818289182901829118292182931829418295182961829718298182991830018301183021830318304183051830618307183081830918310183111831218313183141831518316183171831818319183201832118322183231832418325183261832718328183291833018331183321833318334183351833618337183381833918340183411834218343183441834518346183471834818349183501835118352183531835418355183561835718358183591836018361183621836318364183651836618367183681836918370183711837218373183741837518376183771837818379183801838118382183831838418385183861838718388183891839018391183921839318394183951839618397183981839918400184011840218403184041840518406184071840818409184101841118412184131841418415184161841718418184191842018421184221842318424184251842618427184281842918430184311843218433184341843518436184371843818439184401844118442184431844418445184461844718448184491845018451184521845318454184551845618457184581845918460184611846218463184641846518466184671846818469184701847118472184731847418475184761847718478184791848018481184821848318484184851848618487184881848918490184911849218493184941849518496184971849818499185001850118502185031850418505185061850718508185091851018511185121851318514185151851618517185181851918520185211852218523



A B C D E F G H I J18524185251852618527185281852918530185311853218533185341853518536185371853818539185401854118542185431854418545185461854718548185491855018551185521855318554185551855618557185581855918560185611856218563185641856518566185671856818569185701857118572185731857418575185761857718578185791858018581185821858318584185851858618587185881858918590185911859218593185941859518596185971859818599186001860118602186031860418605186061860718608186091861018611186121861318614186151861618617186181861918620186211862218623186241862518626186271862818629186301863118632186331863418635186361863718638186391864018641186421864318644186451864618647186481864918650186511865218653186541865518656186571865818659186601866118662186631866418665186661866718668186691867018671186721867318674186751867618677186781867918680186811868218683186841868518686186871868818689186901869118692186931869418695186961869718698186991870018701187021870318704187051870618707187081870918710187111871218713187141871518716187171871818719187201872118722187231872418725187261872718728187291873018731187321873318734187351873618737187381873918740187411874218743187441874518746187471874818749187501875118752187531875418755187561875718758187591876018761187621876318764187651876618767187681876918770187711877218773187741877518776187771877818779187801878118782187831878418785187861878718788187891879018791187921879318794187951879618797187981879918800188011880218803188041880518806188071880818809188101881118812188131881418815188161881718818188191882018821188221882318824188251882618827188281882918830188311883218833188341883518836188371883818839188401884118842188431884418845188461884718848188491885018851188521885318854188551885618857188581885918860188611886218863188641886518866188671886818869188701887118872188731887418875188761887718878188791888018881188821888318884188851888618887188881888918890188911889218893188941889518896188971889818899189001890118902189031890418905189061890718908189091891018911189121891318914189151891618917189181891918920189211892218923189241892518926189271892818929189301893118932189331893418935189361893718938189391894018941189421894318944189451894618947189481894918950189511895218953189541895518956189571895818959189601896118962189631896418965189661896718968189691897018971189721897318974189751897618977189781897918980189811898218983189841898518986189871898818989189901899118992189931899418995189961899718998



A B C D E F G H I J18999190001900119002190031900419005190061900719008190091901019011190121901319014190151901619017190181901919020190211902219023190241902519026190271902819029190301903119032190331903419035190361903719038190391904019041190421904319044190451904619047190481904919050190511905219053190541905519056190571905819059190601906119062190631906419065190661906719068190691907019071190721907319074190751907619077190781907919080190811908219083190841908519086190871908819089190901909119092190931909419095190961909719098190991910019101191021910319104191051910619107191081910919110191111911219113191141911519116191171911819119191201912119122191231912419125191261912719128191291913019131191321913319134191351913619137191381913919140191411914219143191441914519146191471914819149191501915119152191531915419155191561915719158191591916019161191621916319164191651916619167191681916919170191711917219173191741917519176191771917819179191801918119182191831918419185191861918719188191891919019191191921919319194191951919619197191981919919200192011920219203192041920519206192071920819209192101921119212192131921419215192161921719218192191922019221192221922319224192251922619227192281922919230192311923219233192341923519236192371923819239192401924119242192431924419245192461924719248192491925019251192521925319254192551925619257192581925919260192611926219263192641926519266192671926819269192701927119272192731927419275192761927719278192791928019281192821928319284192851928619287192881928919290192911929219293192941929519296192971929819299193001930119302193031930419305193061930719308193091931019311193121931319314193151931619317193181931919320193211932219323193241932519326193271932819329193301933119332193331933419335193361933719338193391934019341193421934319344193451934619347193481934919350193511935219353193541935519356193571935819359193601936119362193631936419365193661936719368193691937019371193721937319374193751937619377193781937919380193811938219383193841938519386193871938819389193901939119392193931939419395193961939719398193991940019401194021940319404194051940619407194081940919410194111941219413194141941519416194171941819419194201942119422194231942419425194261942719428194291943019431194321943319434194351943619437194381943919440194411944219443194441944519446194471944819449194501945119452194531945419455194561945719458194591946019461194621946319464194651946619467194681946919470194711947219473



A B C D E F G H I J19474194751947619477194781947919480194811948219483194841948519486194871948819489194901949119492194931949419495194961949719498194991950019501195021950319504195051950619507195081950919510195111951219513195141951519516195171951819519195201952119522195231952419525195261952719528195291953019531195321953319534195351953619537195381953919540195411954219543195441954519546195471954819549195501955119552195531955419555195561955719558195591956019561195621956319564195651956619567195681956919570195711957219573195741957519576195771957819579195801958119582195831958419585195861958719588195891959019591195921959319594195951959619597195981959919600196011960219603196041960519606196071960819609196101961119612196131961419615196161961719618196191962019621196221962319624196251962619627196281962919630196311963219633196341963519636196371963819639196401964119642196431964419645196461964719648196491965019651196521965319654196551965619657196581965919660196611966219663196641966519666196671966819669196701967119672196731967419675196761967719678196791968019681196821968319684196851968619687196881968919690196911969219693196941969519696196971969819699197001970119702197031970419705197061970719708197091971019711197121971319714197151971619717197181971919720197211972219723197241972519726197271972819729197301973119732197331973419735197361973719738197391974019741197421974319744197451974619747197481974919750197511975219753197541975519756197571975819759197601976119762197631976419765197661976719768197691977019771197721977319774197751977619777197781977919780197811978219783197841978519786197871978819789197901979119792197931979419795197961979719798197991980019801198021980319804198051980619807198081980919810198111981219813198141981519816198171981819819198201982119822198231982419825198261982719828198291983019831198321983319834198351983619837198381983919840198411984219843198441984519846198471984819849198501985119852198531985419855198561985719858198591986019861198621986319864198651986619867198681986919870198711987219873198741987519876198771987819879198801988119882198831988419885198861988719888198891989019891198921989319894198951989619897198981989919900199011990219903199041990519906199071990819909199101991119912199131991419915199161991719918199191992019921199221992319924199251992619927199281992919930199311993219933199341993519936199371993819939199401994119942199431994419945199461994719948



A B C D E F G H I J19949199501995119952199531995419955199561995719958199591996019961199621996319964199651996619967199681996919970199711997219973199741997519976199771997819979199801998119982199831998419985199861998719988199891999019991199921999319994199951999619997199981999920000200012000220003200042000520006200072000820009200102001120012200132001420015200162001720018200192002020021200222002320024200252002620027200282002920030200312003220033200342003520036200372003820039200402004120042200432004420045200462004720048200492005020051200522005320054200552005620057200582005920060200612006220063200642006520066200672006820069200702007120072200732007420075200762007720078200792008020081200822008320084200852008620087200882008920090200912009220093200942009520096200972009820099201002010120102201032010420105201062010720108201092011020111201122011320114201152011620117201182011920120201212012220123201242012520126201272012820129201302013120132201332013420135201362013720138201392014020141201422014320144201452014620147201482014920150201512015220153201542015520156201572015820159201602016120162201632016420165201662016720168201692017020171201722017320174201752017620177201782017920180201812018220183201842018520186201872018820189201902019120192201932019420195201962019720198201992020020201202022020320204202052020620207202082020920210202112021220213202142021520216202172021820219202202022120222202232022420225202262022720228202292023020231202322023320234202352023620237202382023920240202412024220243202442024520246202472024820249202502025120252202532025420255202562025720258202592026020261202622026320264202652026620267202682026920270202712027220273202742027520276202772027820279202802028120282202832028420285202862028720288202892029020291202922029320294202952029620297202982029920300203012030220303203042030520306203072030820309203102031120312203132031420315203162031720318203192032020321203222032320324203252032620327203282032920330203312033220333203342033520336203372033820339203402034120342203432034420345203462034720348203492035020351203522035320354203552035620357203582035920360203612036220363203642036520366203672036820369203702037120372203732037420375203762037720378203792038020381203822038320384203852038620387203882038920390203912039220393203942039520396203972039820399204002040120402204032040420405204062040720408204092041020411204122041320414204152041620417204182041920420204212042220423



A B C D E F G H I J20424204252042620427204282042920430204312043220433204342043520436204372043820439204402044120442204432044420445204462044720448204492045020451204522045320454204552045620457204582045920460204612046220463204642046520466204672046820469204702047120472204732047420475204762047720478204792048020481204822048320484204852048620487204882048920490204912049220493204942049520496204972049820499205002050120502205032050420505205062050720508205092051020511205122051320514205152051620517205182051920520205212052220523205242052520526205272052820529205302053120532205332053420535205362053720538205392054020541205422054320544205452054620547205482054920550205512055220553205542055520556205572055820559205602056120562205632056420565205662056720568205692057020571205722057320574205752057620577205782057920580205812058220583205842058520586205872058820589205902059120592205932059420595205962059720598205992060020601206022060320604206052060620607206082060920610206112061220613206142061520616206172061820619206202062120622206232062420625206262062720628206292063020631206322063320634206352063620637206382063920640206412064220643206442064520646206472064820649206502065120652206532065420655206562065720658206592066020661206622066320664206652066620667206682066920670206712067220673206742067520676206772067820679206802068120682206832068420685206862068720688206892069020691206922069320694206952069620697206982069920700207012070220703207042070520706207072070820709207102071120712207132071420715207162071720718207192072020721207222072320724207252072620727207282072920730207312073220733207342073520736207372073820739207402074120742207432074420745207462074720748207492075020751207522075320754207552075620757207582075920760207612076220763207642076520766207672076820769207702077120772207732077420775207762077720778207792078020781207822078320784207852078620787207882078920790207912079220793207942079520796207972079820799208002080120802208032080420805208062080720808208092081020811208122081320814208152081620817208182081920820208212082220823208242082520826208272082820829208302083120832208332083420835208362083720838208392084020841208422084320844208452084620847208482084920850208512085220853208542085520856208572085820859208602086120862208632086420865208662086720868208692087020871208722087320874208752087620877208782087920880208812088220883208842088520886208872088820889208902089120892208932089420895208962089720898



A B C D E F G H I J20899209002090120902209032090420905209062090720908209092091020911209122091320914209152091620917209182091920920209212092220923209242092520926209272092820929209302093120932209332093420935209362093720938209392094020941209422094320944209452094620947209482094920950209512095220953209542095520956209572095820959209602096120962209632096420965209662096720968209692097020971209722097320974209752097620977209782097920980209812098220983209842098520986209872098820989209902099120992209932099420995209962099720998209992100021001210022100321004210052100621007210082100921010210112101221013210142101521016210172101821019210202102121022210232102421025210262102721028210292103021031210322103321034210352103621037210382103921040210412104221043210442104521046210472104821049210502105121052210532105421055210562105721058210592106021061210622106321064210652106621067210682106921070210712107221073210742107521076210772107821079210802108121082210832108421085210862108721088210892109021091210922109321094210952109621097210982109921100211012110221103211042110521106211072110821109211102111121112211132111421115211162111721118211192112021121211222112321124211252112621127211282112921130211312113221133211342113521136211372113821139211402114121142211432114421145211462114721148211492115021151211522115321154211552115621157211582115921160211612116221163211642116521166211672116821169211702117121172211732117421175211762117721178211792118021181211822118321184211852118621187211882118921190211912119221193211942119521196211972119821199212002120121202212032120421205212062120721208212092121021211212122121321214212152121621217212182121921220212212122221223212242122521226212272122821229212302123121232212332123421235212362123721238212392124021241212422124321244212452124621247212482124921250212512125221253212542125521256212572125821259212602126121262212632126421265212662126721268212692127021271212722127321274212752127621277212782127921280212812128221283212842128521286212872128821289212902129121292212932129421295212962129721298212992130021301213022130321304213052130621307213082130921310213112131221313213142131521316213172131821319213202132121322213232132421325213262132721328213292133021331213322133321334213352133621337213382133921340213412134221343213442134521346213472134821349213502135121352213532135421355213562135721358213592136021361213622136321364213652136621367213682136921370213712137221373



A B C D E F G H I J21374213752137621377213782137921380213812138221383213842138521386213872138821389213902139121392213932139421395213962139721398213992140021401214022140321404214052140621407214082140921410214112141221413214142141521416214172141821419214202142121422214232142421425214262142721428214292143021431214322143321434214352143621437214382143921440214412144221443214442144521446214472144821449214502145121452214532145421455214562145721458214592146021461214622146321464214652146621467214682146921470214712147221473214742147521476214772147821479214802148121482214832148421485214862148721488214892149021491214922149321494214952149621497214982149921500215012150221503215042150521506215072150821509215102151121512215132151421515215162151721518215192152021521215222152321524215252152621527215282152921530215312153221533215342153521536215372153821539215402154121542215432154421545215462154721548215492155021551215522155321554215552155621557215582155921560215612156221563215642156521566215672156821569215702157121572215732157421575215762157721578215792158021581215822158321584215852158621587215882158921590215912159221593215942159521596215972159821599216002160121602216032160421605216062160721608216092161021611216122161321614216152161621617216182161921620216212162221623216242162521626216272162821629216302163121632216332163421635216362163721638216392164021641216422164321644216452164621647216482164921650216512165221653216542165521656216572165821659216602166121662216632166421665216662166721668216692167021671216722167321674216752167621677216782167921680216812168221683216842168521686216872168821689216902169121692216932169421695216962169721698216992170021701217022170321704217052170621707217082170921710217112171221713217142171521716217172171821719217202172121722217232172421725217262172721728217292173021731217322173321734217352173621737217382173921740217412174221743217442174521746217472174821749217502175121752217532175421755217562175721758217592176021761217622176321764217652176621767217682176921770217712177221773217742177521776217772177821779217802178121782217832178421785217862178721788217892179021791217922179321794217952179621797217982179921800218012180221803218042180521806218072180821809218102181121812218132181421815218162181721818218192182021821218222182321824218252182621827218282182921830218312183221833218342183521836218372183821839218402184121842218432184421845218462184721848



A B C D E F G H I J21849218502185121852218532185421855218562185721858218592186021861218622186321864218652186621867218682186921870218712187221873218742187521876218772187821879218802188121882218832188421885218862188721888218892189021891218922189321894218952189621897218982189921900219012190221903219042190521906219072190821909219102191121912219132191421915219162191721918219192192021921219222192321924219252192621927219282192921930219312193221933219342193521936219372193821939219402194121942219432194421945219462194721948219492195021951219522195321954219552195621957219582195921960219612196221963219642196521966219672196821969219702197121972219732197421975219762197721978219792198021981219822198321984219852198621987219882198921990219912199221993219942199521996219972199821999220002200122002220032200422005220062200722008220092201022011220122201322014220152201622017220182201922020220212202222023220242202522026220272202822029220302203122032220332203422035220362203722038220392204022041220422204322044220452204622047220482204922050220512205222053220542205522056220572205822059220602206122062220632206422065220662206722068220692207022071220722207322074220752207622077220782207922080220812208222083220842208522086220872208822089220902209122092220932209422095220962209722098220992210022101221022210322104221052210622107221082210922110221112211222113221142211522116221172211822119221202212122122221232212422125221262212722128221292213022131221322213322134221352213622137221382213922140221412214222143221442214522146221472214822149221502215122152221532215422155221562215722158221592216022161221622216322164221652216622167221682216922170221712217222173221742217522176221772217822179221802218122182221832218422185221862218722188221892219022191221922219322194221952219622197221982219922200222012220222203222042220522206222072220822209222102221122212222132221422215222162221722218222192222022221222222222322224222252222622227222282222922230222312223222233222342223522236222372223822239222402224122242222432224422245222462224722248222492225022251222522225322254222552225622257222582225922260222612226222263222642226522266222672226822269222702227122272222732227422275222762227722278222792228022281222822228322284222852228622287222882228922290222912229222293222942229522296222972229822299223002230122302223032230422305223062230722308223092231022311223122231322314223152231622317223182231922320223212232222323



A B C D E F G H I J22324223252232622327223282232922330223312233222333223342233522336223372233822339223402234122342223432234422345223462234722348223492235022351223522235322354223552235622357223582235922360223612236222363223642236522366223672236822369223702237122372223732237422375223762237722378223792238022381223822238322384223852238622387223882238922390223912239222393223942239522396223972239822399224002240122402224032240422405224062240722408224092241022411224122241322414224152241622417224182241922420224212242222423224242242522426224272242822429224302243122432224332243422435224362243722438224392244022441224422244322444224452244622447224482244922450224512245222453224542245522456224572245822459224602246122462224632246422465224662246722468224692247022471224722247322474224752247622477224782247922480224812248222483224842248522486224872248822489224902249122492224932249422495224962249722498224992250022501225022250322504225052250622507225082250922510225112251222513225142251522516225172251822519225202252122522225232252422525225262252722528225292253022531225322253322534225352253622537225382253922540225412254222543225442254522546225472254822549225502255122552225532255422555225562255722558225592256022561225622256322564225652256622567225682256922570225712257222573225742257522576225772257822579225802258122582225832258422585225862258722588225892259022591225922259322594225952259622597225982259922600226012260222603226042260522606226072260822609226102261122612226132261422615226162261722618226192262022621226222262322624226252262622627226282262922630226312263222633226342263522636226372263822639226402264122642226432264422645226462264722648226492265022651226522265322654226552265622657226582265922660226612266222663226642266522666226672266822669226702267122672226732267422675226762267722678226792268022681226822268322684226852268622687226882268922690226912269222693226942269522696226972269822699227002270122702227032270422705227062270722708227092271022711227122271322714227152271622717227182271922720227212272222723227242272522726227272272822729227302273122732227332273422735227362273722738227392274022741227422274322744227452274622747227482274922750227512275222753227542275522756227572275822759227602276122762227632276422765227662276722768227692277022771227722277322774227752277622777227782277922780227812278222783227842278522786227872278822789227902279122792227932279422795227962279722798



A B C D E F G H I J22799228002280122802228032280422805228062280722808228092281022811228122281322814228152281622817228182281922820228212282222823228242282522826228272282822829228302283122832228332283422835228362283722838228392284022841228422284322844228452284622847228482284922850228512285222853228542285522856228572285822859228602286122862228632286422865228662286722868228692287022871228722287322874228752287622877228782287922880228812288222883228842288522886228872288822889228902289122892228932289422895228962289722898228992290022901229022290322904229052290622907229082290922910229112291222913229142291522916229172291822919229202292122922229232292422925229262292722928229292293022931229322293322934229352293622937229382293922940229412294222943229442294522946229472294822949229502295122952229532295422955229562295722958229592296022961229622296322964229652296622967229682296922970229712297222973229742297522976229772297822979229802298122982229832298422985229862298722988229892299022991229922299322994229952299622997229982299923000230012300223003230042300523006230072300823009230102301123012230132301423015230162301723018230192302023021230222302323024230252302623027230282302923030230312303223033230342303523036230372303823039230402304123042230432304423045230462304723048230492305023051230522305323054230552305623057230582305923060230612306223063230642306523066230672306823069230702307123072230732307423075230762307723078230792308023081230822308323084230852308623087230882308923090230912309223093230942309523096230972309823099231002310123102231032310423105231062310723108231092311023111231122311323114231152311623117231182311923120231212312223123231242312523126231272312823129231302313123132231332313423135231362313723138231392314023141231422314323144231452314623147231482314923150231512315223153231542315523156231572315823159231602316123162231632316423165231662316723168231692317023171231722317323174231752317623177231782317923180231812318223183231842318523186231872318823189231902319123192231932319423195231962319723198231992320023201232022320323204232052320623207232082320923210232112321223213232142321523216232172321823219232202322123222232232322423225232262322723228232292323023231232322323323234232352323623237232382323923240232412324223243232442324523246232472324823249232502325123252232532325423255232562325723258232592326023261232622326323264232652326623267232682326923270232712327223273



A B C D E F G H I J23274232752327623277232782327923280232812328223283232842328523286232872328823289232902329123292232932329423295232962329723298232992330023301233022330323304233052330623307233082330923310233112331223313233142331523316233172331823319233202332123322233232332423325233262332723328233292333023331233322333323334233352333623337233382333923340233412334223343233442334523346233472334823349233502335123352233532335423355233562335723358233592336023361233622336323364233652336623367233682336923370233712337223373233742337523376233772337823379233802338123382233832338423385233862338723388233892339023391233922339323394233952339623397233982339923400234012340223403234042340523406234072340823409234102341123412234132341423415234162341723418234192342023421234222342323424234252342623427234282342923430234312343223433234342343523436234372343823439234402344123442234432344423445234462344723448234492345023451234522345323454234552345623457234582345923460234612346223463234642346523466234672346823469234702347123472234732347423475234762347723478234792348023481234822348323484234852348623487234882348923490234912349223493234942349523496234972349823499235002350123502235032350423505235062350723508235092351023511235122351323514235152351623517235182351923520235212352223523235242352523526235272352823529235302353123532235332353423535235362353723538235392354023541235422354323544235452354623547235482354923550235512355223553235542355523556235572355823559235602356123562235632356423565235662356723568235692357023571235722357323574235752357623577235782357923580235812358223583235842358523586235872358823589235902359123592235932359423595235962359723598235992360023601236022360323604236052360623607236082360923610236112361223613236142361523616236172361823619236202362123622236232362423625236262362723628236292363023631236322363323634236352363623637236382363923640236412364223643236442364523646236472364823649236502365123652236532365423655236562365723658236592366023661236622366323664236652366623667236682366923670236712367223673236742367523676236772367823679236802368123682236832368423685236862368723688236892369023691236922369323694236952369623697236982369923700237012370223703237042370523706237072370823709237102371123712237132371423715237162371723718237192372023721237222372323724237252372623727237282372923730237312373223733237342373523736237372373823739237402374123742237432374423745237462374723748



A B C D E F G H I J23749237502375123752237532375423755237562375723758237592376023761237622376323764237652376623767237682376923770237712377223773237742377523776237772377823779237802378123782237832378423785237862378723788237892379023791237922379323794237952379623797237982379923800238012380223803238042380523806238072380823809238102381123812238132381423815238162381723818238192382023821238222382323824238252382623827238282382923830238312383223833238342383523836238372383823839238402384123842238432384423845238462384723848238492385023851238522385323854238552385623857238582385923860238612386223863238642386523866238672386823869238702387123872238732387423875238762387723878238792388023881238822388323884238852388623887238882388923890238912389223893238942389523896238972389823899239002390123902239032390423905239062390723908239092391023911239122391323914239152391623917239182391923920239212392223923239242392523926239272392823929239302393123932239332393423935239362393723938239392394023941239422394323944239452394623947239482394923950239512395223953239542395523956239572395823959239602396123962239632396423965239662396723968239692397023971239722397323974239752397623977239782397923980239812398223983239842398523986239872398823989239902399123992239932399423995239962399723998239992400024001240022400324004240052400624007240082400924010240112401224013240142401524016240172401824019240202402124022240232402424025240262402724028240292403024031240322403324034240352403624037240382403924040240412404224043240442404524046240472404824049240502405124052240532405424055240562405724058240592406024061240622406324064240652406624067240682406924070240712407224073240742407524076240772407824079240802408124082240832408424085240862408724088240892409024091240922409324094240952409624097240982409924100241012410224103241042410524106241072410824109241102411124112241132411424115241162411724118241192412024121241222412324124241252412624127241282412924130241312413224133241342413524136241372413824139241402414124142241432414424145241462414724148241492415024151241522415324154241552415624157241582415924160241612416224163241642416524166241672416824169241702417124172241732417424175241762417724178241792418024181241822418324184241852418624187241882418924190241912419224193241942419524196241972419824199242002420124202242032420424205242062420724208242092421024211242122421324214242152421624217242182421924220242212422224223



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



A B C D E F G H I J24699247002470124702247032470424705247062470724708247092471024711247122471324714247152471624717247182471924720247212472224723247242472524726247272472824729247302473124732247332473424735247362473724738247392474024741247422474324744247452474624747247482474924750247512475224753247542475524756247572475824759247602476124762247632476424765247662476724768247692477024771247722477324774247752477624777247782477924780247812478224783247842478524786247872478824789247902479124792247932479424795247962479724798247992480024801248022480324804248052480624807248082480924810248112481224813248142481524816248172481824819248202482124822248232482424825248262482724828248292483024831248322483324834248352483624837248382483924840248412484224843248442484524846248472484824849248502485124852248532485424855248562485724858248592486024861248622486324864248652486624867248682486924870248712487224873248742487524876248772487824879248802488124882248832488424885248862488724888248892489024891248922489324894248952489624897248982489924900249012490224903249042490524906249072490824909249102491124912249132491424915249162491724918249192492024921249222492324924249252492624927249282492924930249312493224933249342493524936249372493824939249402494124942249432494424945249462494724948249492495024951249522495324954249552495624957249582495924960249612496224963249642496524966249672496824969249702497124972249732497424975249762497724978249792498024981249822498324984249852498624987249882498924990249912499224993249942499524996249972499824999250002500125002250032500425005250062500725008250092501025011250122501325014250152501625017250182501925020250212502225023250242502525026250272502825029250302503125032250332503425035250362503725038250392504025041250422504325044250452504625047250482504925050250512505225053250542505525056250572505825059250602506125062250632506425065250662506725068250692507025071250722507325074250752507625077250782507925080250812508225083250842508525086250872508825089250902509125092250932509425095250962509725098250992510025101251022510325104251052510625107251082510925110251112511225113251142511525116251172511825119251202512125122251232512425125251262512725128251292513025131251322513325134251352513625137251382513925140251412514225143251442514525146251472514825149251502515125152251532515425155251562515725158251592516025161251622516325164251652516625167251682516925170251712517225173



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



A B C D E F G H I J25649256502565125652256532565425655256562565725658256592566025661256622566325664256652566625667256682566925670256712567225673256742567525676256772567825679256802568125682256832568425685256862568725688256892569025691256922569325694256952569625697256982569925700257012570225703257042570525706257072570825709257102571125712257132571425715257162571725718257192572025721257222572325724257252572625727257282572925730257312573225733257342573525736257372573825739257402574125742257432574425745257462574725748257492575025751257522575325754257552575625757257582575925760257612576225763257642576525766257672576825769257702577125772257732577425775257762577725778257792578025781257822578325784257852578625787257882578925790257912579225793257942579525796257972579825799258002580125802258032580425805258062580725808258092581025811258122581325814258152581625817258182581925820258212582225823258242582525826258272582825829258302583125832258332583425835258362583725838258392584025841258422584325844258452584625847258482584925850258512585225853258542585525856258572585825859258602586125862258632586425865258662586725868258692587025871258722587325874258752587625877258782587925880258812588225883258842588525886258872588825889258902589125892258932589425895258962589725898258992590025901259022590325904259052590625907259082590925910259112591225913259142591525916259172591825919259202592125922259232592425925259262592725928259292593025931259322593325934259352593625937259382593925940259412594225943259442594525946259472594825949259502595125952259532595425955259562595725958259592596025961259622596325964259652596625967259682596925970259712597225973259742597525976259772597825979259802598125982259832598425985259862598725988259892599025991259922599325994259952599625997259982599926000260012600226003260042600526006260072600826009260102601126012260132601426015260162601726018260192602026021260222602326024260252602626027260282602926030260312603226033260342603526036260372603826039260402604126042260432604426045260462604726048260492605026051260522605326054260552605626057260582605926060260612606226063260642606526066260672606826069260702607126072260732607426075260762607726078260792608026081260822608326084260852608626087260882608926090260912609226093260942609526096260972609826099261002610126102261032610426105261062610726108261092611026111261122611326114261152611626117261182611926120261212612226123



A B C D E F G H I J26124261252612626127261282612926130261312613226133261342613526136261372613826139261402614126142261432614426145261462614726148261492615026151261522615326154261552615626157261582615926160261612616226163261642616526166261672616826169261702617126172261732617426175261762617726178261792618026181261822618326184261852618626187261882618926190261912619226193261942619526196261972619826199262002620126202262032620426205262062620726208262092621026211262122621326214262152621626217262182621926220262212622226223262242622526226262272622826229262302623126232262332623426235262362623726238262392624026241262422624326244262452624626247262482624926250262512625226253262542625526256262572625826259262602626126262262632626426265262662626726268262692627026271262722627326274262752627626277262782627926280262812628226283262842628526286262872628826289262902629126292262932629426295262962629726298262992630026301263022630326304263052630626307263082630926310263112631226313263142631526316263172631826319263202632126322263232632426325263262632726328263292633026331263322633326334263352633626337263382633926340263412634226343263442634526346263472634826349263502635126352263532635426355263562635726358263592636026361263622636326364263652636626367263682636926370263712637226373263742637526376263772637826379263802638126382263832638426385263862638726388263892639026391263922639326394263952639626397263982639926400264012640226403264042640526406264072640826409264102641126412264132641426415264162641726418264192642026421264222642326424264252642626427264282642926430264312643226433264342643526436264372643826439264402644126442264432644426445264462644726448264492645026451264522645326454264552645626457264582645926460264612646226463264642646526466264672646826469264702647126472264732647426475264762647726478264792648026481264822648326484264852648626487264882648926490264912649226493264942649526496264972649826499265002650126502265032650426505265062650726508265092651026511265122651326514265152651626517265182651926520265212652226523265242652526526265272652826529265302653126532265332653426535265362653726538265392654026541265422654326544265452654626547265482654926550265512655226553265542655526556265572655826559265602656126562265632656426565265662656726568265692657026571265722657326574265752657626577265782657926580265812658226583265842658526586265872658826589265902659126592265932659426595265962659726598



A B C D E F G H I J26599266002660126602266032660426605266062660726608266092661026611266122661326614266152661626617266182661926620266212662226623266242662526626266272662826629266302663126632266332663426635266362663726638266392664026641266422664326644266452664626647266482664926650266512665226653266542665526656266572665826659266602666126662266632666426665266662666726668266692667026671266722667326674266752667626677266782667926680266812668226683266842668526686266872668826689266902669126692266932669426695266962669726698266992670026701267022670326704267052670626707267082670926710267112671226713267142671526716267172671826719267202672126722267232672426725267262672726728267292673026731267322673326734267352673626737267382673926740267412674226743267442674526746267472674826749267502675126752267532675426755267562675726758267592676026761267622676326764267652676626767267682676926770267712677226773267742677526776267772677826779267802678126782267832678426785267862678726788267892679026791267922679326794267952679626797267982679926800268012680226803268042680526806268072680826809268102681126812268132681426815268162681726818268192682026821268222682326824268252682626827268282682926830268312683226833268342683526836268372683826839268402684126842268432684426845268462684726848268492685026851268522685326854268552685626857268582685926860268612686226863268642686526866268672686826869268702687126872268732687426875268762687726878268792688026881268822688326884268852688626887268882688926890268912689226893268942689526896268972689826899269002690126902269032690426905269062690726908269092691026911269122691326914269152691626917269182691926920269212692226923269242692526926269272692826929269302693126932269332693426935269362693726938269392694026941269422694326944269452694626947269482694926950269512695226953269542695526956269572695826959269602696126962269632696426965269662696726968269692697026971269722697326974269752697626977269782697926980269812698226983269842698526986269872698826989269902699126992269932699426995269962699726998269992700027001270022700327004270052700627007270082700927010270112701227013270142701527016270172701827019270202702127022270232702427025270262702727028270292703027031270322703327034270352703627037270382703927040270412704227043270442704527046270472704827049270502705127052270532705427055270562705727058270592706027061270622706327064270652706627067270682706927070270712707227073



A B C D E F G H I J27074270752707627077270782707927080270812708227083270842708527086270872708827089270902709127092270932709427095270962709727098270992710027101271022710327104271052710627107271082710927110271112711227113271142711527116271172711827119271202712127122271232712427125271262712727128271292713027131271322713327134271352713627137271382713927140271412714227143271442714527146271472714827149271502715127152271532715427155271562715727158271592716027161271622716327164271652716627167271682716927170271712717227173271742717527176271772717827179271802718127182271832718427185271862718727188271892719027191271922719327194271952719627197271982719927200272012720227203272042720527206272072720827209272102721127212272132721427215272162721727218272192722027221272222722327224272252722627227272282722927230272312723227233272342723527236272372723827239272402724127242272432724427245272462724727248272492725027251272522725327254272552725627257272582725927260272612726227263272642726527266272672726827269272702727127272272732727427275272762727727278272792728027281272822728327284272852728627287272882728927290272912729227293272942729527296272972729827299273002730127302273032730427305273062730727308273092731027311273122731327314273152731627317273182731927320273212732227323273242732527326273272732827329273302733127332273332733427335273362733727338273392734027341273422734327344273452734627347273482734927350273512735227353273542735527356273572735827359273602736127362273632736427365273662736727368273692737027371273722737327374273752737627377273782737927380273812738227383273842738527386273872738827389273902739127392273932739427395273962739727398273992740027401274022740327404274052740627407274082740927410274112741227413274142741527416274172741827419274202742127422274232742427425274262742727428274292743027431274322743327434274352743627437274382743927440274412744227443274442744527446274472744827449274502745127452274532745427455274562745727458274592746027461274622746327464274652746627467274682746927470274712747227473274742747527476274772747827479274802748127482274832748427485274862748727488274892749027491274922749327494274952749627497274982749927500275012750227503275042750527506275072750827509275102751127512275132751427515275162751727518275192752027521275222752327524275252752627527275282752927530275312753227533275342753527536275372753827539275402754127542275432754427545275462754727548



A B C D E F G H I J27549275502755127552275532755427555275562755727558275592756027561275622756327564275652756627567275682756927570275712757227573275742757527576275772757827579275802758127582275832758427585275862758727588275892759027591275922759327594275952759627597275982759927600276012760227603276042760527606276072760827609276102761127612276132761427615276162761727618276192762027621276222762327624276252762627627276282762927630276312763227633276342763527636276372763827639276402764127642276432764427645276462764727648276492765027651276522765327654276552765627657276582765927660276612766227663276642766527666276672766827669276702767127672276732767427675276762767727678276792768027681276822768327684276852768627687276882768927690276912769227693276942769527696276972769827699277002770127702277032770427705277062770727708277092771027711277122771327714277152771627717277182771927720277212772227723277242772527726277272772827729277302773127732277332773427735277362773727738277392774027741277422774327744277452774627747277482774927750277512775227753277542775527756277572775827759277602776127762277632776427765277662776727768277692777027771277722777327774277752777627777277782777927780277812778227783277842778527786277872778827789277902779127792277932779427795277962779727798277992780027801278022780327804278052780627807278082780927810278112781227813278142781527816278172781827819278202782127822278232782427825278262782727828278292783027831278322783327834278352783627837278382783927840278412784227843278442784527846278472784827849278502785127852278532785427855278562785727858278592786027861278622786327864278652786627867278682786927870278712787227873278742787527876278772787827879278802788127882278832788427885278862788727888278892789027891278922789327894278952789627897278982789927900279012790227903279042790527906279072790827909279102791127912279132791427915279162791727918279192792027921279222792327924279252792627927279282792927930279312793227933279342793527936279372793827939279402794127942279432794427945279462794727948279492795027951279522795327954279552795627957279582795927960279612796227963279642796527966279672796827969279702797127972279732797427975279762797727978279792798027981279822798327984279852798627987279882798927990279912799227993279942799527996279972799827999280002800128002280032800428005280062800728008280092801028011280122801328014280152801628017280182801928020280212802228023



A B C D E F G H I J28024280252802628027280282802928030280312803228033280342803528036280372803828039280402804128042280432804428045280462804728048280492805028051280522805328054280552805628057280582805928060280612806228063280642806528066280672806828069280702807128072280732807428075280762807728078280792808028081280822808328084280852808628087280882808928090280912809228093280942809528096280972809828099281002810128102281032810428105281062810728108281092811028111281122811328114281152811628117281182811928120281212812228123281242812528126281272812828129281302813128132281332813428135281362813728138281392814028141281422814328144281452814628147281482814928150281512815228153281542815528156281572815828159281602816128162281632816428165281662816728168281692817028171281722817328174281752817628177281782817928180281812818228183281842818528186281872818828189281902819128192281932819428195281962819728198281992820028201282022820328204282052820628207282082820928210282112821228213282142821528216282172821828219282202822128222282232822428225282262822728228282292823028231282322823328234282352823628237282382823928240282412824228243282442824528246282472824828249282502825128252282532825428255282562825728258282592826028261282622826328264282652826628267282682826928270282712827228273282742827528276282772827828279282802828128282282832828428285282862828728288282892829028291282922829328294282952829628297282982829928300283012830228303283042830528306283072830828309283102831128312283132831428315283162831728318283192832028321283222832328324283252832628327283282832928330283312833228333283342833528336283372833828339283402834128342283432834428345283462834728348283492835028351283522835328354283552835628357283582835928360283612836228363283642836528366283672836828369283702837128372283732837428375283762837728378283792838028381283822838328384283852838628387283882838928390283912839228393283942839528396283972839828399284002840128402284032840428405284062840728408284092841028411284122841328414284152841628417284182841928420284212842228423284242842528426284272842828429284302843128432284332843428435284362843728438284392844028441284422844328444284452844628447284482844928450284512845228453284542845528456284572845828459284602846128462284632846428465284662846728468284692847028471284722847328474284752847628477284782847928480284812848228483284842848528486284872848828489284902849128492284932849428495284962849728498



A B C D E F G H I J28499285002850128502285032850428505285062850728508285092851028511285122851328514285152851628517285182851928520285212852228523285242852528526285272852828529285302853128532285332853428535285362853728538285392854028541285422854328544285452854628547285482854928550285512855228553285542855528556285572855828559285602856128562285632856428565285662856728568285692857028571285722857328574285752857628577285782857928580285812858228583285842858528586285872858828589285902859128592285932859428595285962859728598285992860028601286022860328604286052860628607286082860928610286112861228613286142861528616286172861828619286202862128622286232862428625286262862728628286292863028631286322863328634286352863628637286382863928640286412864228643286442864528646286472864828649286502865128652286532865428655286562865728658286592866028661286622866328664286652866628667286682866928670286712867228673286742867528676286772867828679286802868128682286832868428685286862868728688286892869028691286922869328694286952869628697286982869928700287012870228703287042870528706287072870828709287102871128712287132871428715287162871728718287192872028721287222872328724287252872628727287282872928730287312873228733287342873528736287372873828739287402874128742287432874428745287462874728748287492875028751287522875328754287552875628757287582875928760287612876228763287642876528766287672876828769287702877128772287732877428775287762877728778287792878028781287822878328784287852878628787287882878928790287912879228793287942879528796287972879828799288002880128802288032880428805288062880728808288092881028811288122881328814288152881628817288182881928820288212882228823288242882528826288272882828829288302883128832288332883428835288362883728838288392884028841288422884328844288452884628847288482884928850288512885228853288542885528856288572885828859288602886128862288632886428865288662886728868288692887028871288722887328874288752887628877288782887928880288812888228883288842888528886288872888828889288902889128892288932889428895288962889728898288992890028901289022890328904289052890628907289082890928910289112891228913289142891528916289172891828919289202892128922289232892428925289262892728928289292893028931289322893328934289352893628937289382893928940289412894228943289442894528946289472894828949289502895128952289532895428955289562895728958289592896028961289622896328964289652896628967289682896928970289712897228973



A B C D E F G H I J28974289752897628977289782897928980289812898228983289842898528986289872898828989289902899128992289932899428995289962899728998289992900029001290022900329004290052900629007290082900929010290112901229013290142901529016290172901829019290202902129022290232902429025290262902729028290292903029031290322903329034290352903629037290382903929040290412904229043290442904529046290472904829049290502905129052290532905429055290562905729058290592906029061290622906329064290652906629067290682906929070290712907229073290742907529076290772907829079290802908129082290832908429085290862908729088290892909029091290922909329094290952909629097290982909929100291012910229103291042910529106291072910829109291102911129112291132911429115291162911729118291192912029121291222912329124291252912629127291282912929130291312913229133291342913529136291372913829139291402914129142291432914429145291462914729148291492915029151291522915329154291552915629157291582915929160291612916229163291642916529166291672916829169291702917129172291732917429175291762917729178291792918029181291822918329184291852918629187291882918929190291912919229193291942919529196291972919829199292002920129202292032920429205292062920729208292092921029211292122921329214292152921629217292182921929220292212922229223292242922529226292272922829229292302923129232292332923429235292362923729238292392924029241292422924329244292452924629247292482924929250292512925229253292542925529256292572925829259292602926129262292632926429265292662926729268292692927029271292722927329274292752927629277292782927929280292812928229283292842928529286292872928829289292902929129292292932929429295292962929729298292992930029301293022930329304293052930629307293082930929310293112931229313293142931529316293172931829319293202932129322293232932429325293262932729328293292933029331293322933329334293352933629337293382933929340293412934229343293442934529346293472934829349293502935129352293532935429355293562935729358293592936029361293622936329364293652936629367293682936929370293712937229373293742937529376293772937829379293802938129382293832938429385293862938729388293892939029391293922939329394293952939629397293982939929400294012940229403294042940529406294072940829409294102941129412294132941429415294162941729418294192942029421294222942329424294252942629427294282942929430294312943229433294342943529436294372943829439294402944129442294432944429445294462944729448



A B C D E F G H I J29449294502945129452294532945429455294562945729458294592946029461294622946329464294652946629467294682946929470294712947229473294742947529476294772947829479294802948129482294832948429485294862948729488294892949029491294922949329494294952949629497294982949929500295012950229503295042950529506295072950829509295102951129512295132951429515295162951729518295192952029521295222952329524295252952629527295282952929530295312953229533295342953529536295372953829539295402954129542295432954429545295462954729548295492955029551295522955329554295552955629557295582955929560295612956229563295642956529566295672956829569295702957129572295732957429575295762957729578295792958029581295822958329584295852958629587295882958929590295912959229593295942959529596295972959829599296002960129602296032960429605296062960729608296092961029611296122961329614296152961629617296182961929620296212962229623296242962529626296272962829629296302963129632296332963429635296362963729638296392964029641296422964329644296452964629647296482964929650296512965229653296542965529656296572965829659296602966129662296632966429665296662966729668296692967029671296722967329674296752967629677296782967929680296812968229683296842968529686296872968829689296902969129692296932969429695296962969729698296992970029701297022970329704297052970629707297082970929710297112971229713297142971529716297172971829719297202972129722297232972429725297262972729728297292973029731297322973329734297352973629737297382973929740297412974229743297442974529746297472974829749297502975129752297532975429755297562975729758297592976029761297622976329764297652976629767297682976929770297712977229773297742977529776297772977829779297802978129782297832978429785297862978729788297892979029791297922979329794297952979629797297982979929800298012980229803298042980529806298072980829809298102981129812298132981429815298162981729818298192982029821298222982329824298252982629827298282982929830298312983229833298342983529836298372983829839298402984129842298432984429845298462984729848298492985029851298522985329854298552985629857298582985929860298612986229863298642986529866298672986829869298702987129872298732987429875298762987729878298792988029881298822988329884298852988629887298882988929890298912989229893298942989529896298972989829899299002990129902299032990429905299062990729908299092991029911299122991329914299152991629917299182991929920299212992229923



A B C D E F G H I J29924299252992629927299282992929930299312993229933299342993529936299372993829939299402994129942299432994429945299462994729948299492995029951299522995329954299552995629957299582995929960299612996229963299642996529966299672996829969299702997129972299732997429975299762997729978299792998029981299822998329984299852998629987299882998929990299912999229993299942999529996299972999829999300003000130002300033000430005300063000730008300093001030011300123001330014300153001630017300183001930020300213002230023300243002530026300273002830029300303003130032300333003430035300363003730038300393004030041300423004330044300453004630047300483004930050300513005230053300543005530056300573005830059300603006130062300633006430065300663006730068300693007030071300723007330074300753007630077300783007930080300813008230083300843008530086300873008830089300903009130092300933009430095300963009730098300993010030101301023010330104301053010630107301083010930110301113011230113301143011530116301173011830119301203012130122301233012430125301263012730128301293013030131301323013330134301353013630137301383013930140301413014230143301443014530146301473014830149301503015130152301533015430155301563015730158301593016030161301623016330164301653016630167301683016930170301713017230173301743017530176301773017830179301803018130182301833018430185301863018730188301893019030191301923019330194301953019630197301983019930200302013020230203302043020530206302073020830209302103021130212302133021430215302163021730218302193022030221302223022330224302253022630227302283022930230302313023230233302343023530236302373023830239302403024130242302433024430245302463024730248302493025030251302523025330254302553025630257302583025930260302613026230263302643026530266302673026830269302703027130272302733027430275302763027730278302793028030281302823028330284302853028630287302883028930290302913029230293302943029530296302973029830299303003030130302303033030430305303063030730308303093031030311303123031330314303153031630317303183031930320303213032230323303243032530326303273032830329303303033130332303333033430335303363033730338303393034030341303423034330344303453034630347303483034930350303513035230353303543035530356303573035830359303603036130362303633036430365303663036730368303693037030371303723037330374303753037630377303783037930380303813038230383303843038530386303873038830389303903039130392303933039430395303963039730398



A B C D E F G H I J30399304003040130402304033040430405304063040730408304093041030411304123041330414304153041630417304183041930420304213042230423304243042530426304273042830429304303043130432304333043430435304363043730438304393044030441304423044330444304453044630447304483044930450304513045230453304543045530456304573045830459304603046130462304633046430465304663046730468304693047030471304723047330474304753047630477304783047930480304813048230483304843048530486304873048830489304903049130492304933049430495304963049730498304993050030501305023050330504305053050630507305083050930510305113051230513305143051530516305173051830519305203052130522305233052430525305263052730528305293053030531305323053330534305353053630537305383053930540305413054230543305443054530546305473054830549305503055130552305533055430555305563055730558305593056030561305623056330564305653056630567305683056930570305713057230573305743057530576305773057830579305803058130582305833058430585305863058730588305893059030591305923059330594305953059630597305983059930600306013060230603306043060530606306073060830609306103061130612306133061430615306163061730618306193062030621306223062330624306253062630627306283062930630306313063230633306343063530636306373063830639306403064130642306433064430645306463064730648306493065030651306523065330654306553065630657306583065930660306613066230663306643066530666306673066830669306703067130672306733067430675306763067730678306793068030681306823068330684306853068630687306883068930690306913069230693306943069530696306973069830699307003070130702307033070430705307063070730708307093071030711307123071330714307153071630717307183071930720307213072230723307243072530726307273072830729307303073130732307333073430735307363073730738307393074030741307423074330744307453074630747307483074930750307513075230753307543075530756307573075830759307603076130762307633076430765307663076730768307693077030771307723077330774307753077630777307783077930780307813078230783307843078530786307873078830789307903079130792307933079430795307963079730798307993080030801308023080330804308053080630807308083080930810308113081230813308143081530816308173081830819308203082130822308233082430825308263082730828308293083030831308323083330834308353083630837308383083930840308413084230843308443084530846308473084830849308503085130852308533085430855308563085730858308593086030861308623086330864308653086630867308683086930870308713087230873



A B C D E F G H I J30874308753087630877308783087930880308813088230883308843088530886308873088830889308903089130892308933089430895308963089730898308993090030901309023090330904309053090630907309083090930910309113091230913309143091530916309173091830919309203092130922309233092430925309263092730928309293093030931309323093330934309353093630937309383093930940309413094230943309443094530946309473094830949309503095130952309533095430955309563095730958309593096030961309623096330964309653096630967309683096930970309713097230973309743097530976309773097830979309803098130982309833098430985309863098730988309893099030991309923099330994309953099630997309983099931000310013100231003310043100531006310073100831009310103101131012310133101431015310163101731018310193102031021310223102331024310253102631027310283102931030310313103231033310343103531036310373103831039310403104131042310433104431045310463104731048310493105031051310523105331054310553105631057310583105931060310613106231063310643106531066310673106831069310703107131072310733107431075310763107731078310793108031081310823108331084310853108631087310883108931090310913109231093310943109531096310973109831099311003110131102311033110431105311063110731108311093111031111311123111331114311153111631117311183111931120311213112231123311243112531126311273112831129311303113131132311333113431135311363113731138311393114031141311423114331144311453114631147311483114931150311513115231153311543115531156311573115831159311603116131162311633116431165311663116731168311693117031171311723117331174311753117631177311783117931180311813118231183311843118531186311873118831189311903119131192311933119431195311963119731198311993120031201312023120331204312053120631207312083120931210312113121231213312143121531216312173121831219312203122131222312233122431225312263122731228312293123031231312323123331234312353123631237312383123931240312413124231243312443124531246312473124831249312503125131252312533125431255312563125731258312593126031261312623126331264312653126631267312683126931270312713127231273312743127531276312773127831279312803128131282312833128431285312863128731288312893129031291312923129331294312953129631297312983129931300313013130231303313043130531306313073130831309313103131131312313133131431315313163131731318313193132031321313223132331324313253132631327313283132931330313313133231333313343133531336313373133831339313403134131342313433134431345313463134731348



A B C D E F G H I J31349313503135131352313533135431355313563135731358313593136031361313623136331364313653136631367313683136931370313713137231373313743137531376313773137831379313803138131382313833138431385313863138731388313893139031391313923139331394313953139631397313983139931400314013140231403314043140531406314073140831409314103141131412314133141431415314163141731418314193142031421314223142331424314253142631427314283142931430314313143231433314343143531436314373143831439314403144131442314433144431445314463144731448314493145031451314523145331454314553145631457314583145931460314613146231463314643146531466314673146831469314703147131472314733147431475314763147731478314793148031481314823148331484314853148631487314883148931490314913149231493314943149531496314973149831499315003150131502315033150431505315063150731508315093151031511315123151331514315153151631517315183151931520315213152231523315243152531526315273152831529315303153131532315333153431535315363153731538315393154031541315423154331544315453154631547315483154931550315513155231553315543155531556315573155831559315603156131562315633156431565315663156731568315693157031571315723157331574315753157631577315783157931580315813158231583315843158531586315873158831589315903159131592315933159431595315963159731598315993160031601316023160331604316053160631607316083160931610316113161231613316143161531616316173161831619316203162131622316233162431625316263162731628316293163031631316323163331634316353163631637316383163931640316413164231643316443164531646316473164831649316503165131652316533165431655316563165731658316593166031661316623166331664316653166631667316683166931670316713167231673316743167531676316773167831679316803168131682316833168431685316863168731688316893169031691316923169331694316953169631697316983169931700317013170231703317043170531706317073170831709317103171131712317133171431715317163171731718317193172031721317223172331724317253172631727317283172931730317313173231733317343173531736317373173831739317403174131742317433174431745317463174731748317493175031751317523175331754317553175631757317583175931760317613176231763317643176531766317673176831769317703177131772317733177431775317763177731778317793178031781317823178331784317853178631787317883178931790317913179231793317943179531796317973179831799318003180131802318033180431805318063180731808318093181031811318123181331814318153181631817318183181931820318213182231823



A B C D E F G H I J31824318253182631827318283182931830318313183231833318343183531836318373183831839318403184131842318433184431845318463184731848318493185031851318523185331854318553185631857318583185931860318613186231863318643186531866318673186831869318703187131872318733187431875318763187731878318793188031881318823188331884318853188631887318883188931890318913189231893318943189531896318973189831899319003190131902319033190431905319063190731908319093191031911319123191331914319153191631917319183191931920319213192231923319243192531926319273192831929319303193131932319333193431935319363193731938319393194031941319423194331944319453194631947319483194931950319513195231953319543195531956319573195831959319603196131962319633196431965319663196731968319693197031971319723197331974319753197631977319783197931980319813198231983319843198531986319873198831989319903199131992319933199431995319963199731998319993200032001320023200332004320053200632007320083200932010320113201232013320143201532016320173201832019320203202132022320233202432025320263202732028320293203032031320323203332034320353203632037320383203932040320413204232043320443204532046320473204832049320503205132052320533205432055320563205732058320593206032061320623206332064320653206632067320683206932070320713207232073320743207532076320773207832079320803208132082320833208432085320863208732088320893209032091320923209332094320953209632097320983209932100321013210232103321043210532106321073210832109321103211132112321133211432115321163211732118321193212032121321223212332124321253212632127321283212932130321313213232133321343213532136321373213832139321403214132142321433214432145321463214732148321493215032151321523215332154321553215632157321583215932160321613216232163321643216532166321673216832169321703217132172321733217432175321763217732178321793218032181321823218332184321853218632187321883218932190321913219232193321943219532196321973219832199322003220132202322033220432205322063220732208322093221032211322123221332214322153221632217322183221932220322213222232223322243222532226322273222832229322303223132232322333223432235322363223732238322393224032241322423224332244322453224632247322483224932250322513225232253322543225532256322573225832259322603226132262322633226432265322663226732268322693227032271322723227332274322753227632277322783227932280322813228232283322843228532286322873228832289322903229132292322933229432295322963229732298



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



A B C D E F G H I J32774327753277632777327783277932780327813278232783327843278532786327873278832789327903279132792327933279432795327963279732798327993280032801328023280332804328053280632807328083280932810328113281232813328143281532816328173281832819328203282132822328233282432825328263282732828328293283032831328323283332834328353283632837328383283932840328413284232843328443284532846328473284832849328503285132852328533285432855328563285732858328593286032861328623286332864328653286632867328683286932870328713287232873328743287532876328773287832879328803288132882328833288432885328863288732888328893289032891328923289332894328953289632897328983289932900329013290232903329043290532906329073290832909329103291132912329133291432915329163291732918329193292032921329223292332924329253292632927329283292932930329313293232933329343293532936329373293832939329403294132942329433294432945329463294732948329493295032951329523295332954329553295632957329583295932960329613296232963329643296532966329673296832969329703297132972329733297432975329763297732978329793298032981329823298332984329853298632987329883298932990329913299232993329943299532996329973299832999330003300133002330033300433005330063300733008330093301033011330123301333014330153301633017330183301933020330213302233023330243302533026330273302833029330303303133032330333303433035330363303733038330393304033041330423304333044330453304633047330483304933050330513305233053330543305533056330573305833059330603306133062330633306433065330663306733068330693307033071330723307333074330753307633077330783307933080330813308233083330843308533086330873308833089330903309133092330933309433095330963309733098330993310033101331023310333104331053310633107331083310933110331113311233113331143311533116331173311833119331203312133122331233312433125331263312733128331293313033131331323313333134331353313633137331383313933140331413314233143331443314533146331473314833149331503315133152331533315433155331563315733158331593316033161331623316333164331653316633167331683316933170331713317233173331743317533176331773317833179331803318133182331833318433185331863318733188331893319033191331923319333194331953319633197331983319933200332013320233203332043320533206332073320833209332103321133212332133321433215332163321733218332193322033221332223322333224332253322633227332283322933230332313323233233332343323533236332373323833239332403324133242332433324433245332463324733248



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



A B C D E F G H I J33724337253372633727337283372933730337313373233733337343373533736337373373833739337403374133742337433374433745337463374733748337493375033751337523375333754337553375633757337583375933760337613376233763337643376533766337673376833769337703377133772337733377433775337763377733778337793378033781337823378333784337853378633787337883378933790337913379233793337943379533796337973379833799338003380133802338033380433805338063380733808338093381033811338123381333814338153381633817338183381933820338213382233823338243382533826338273382833829338303383133832338333383433835338363383733838338393384033841338423384333844338453384633847338483384933850338513385233853338543385533856338573385833859338603386133862338633386433865338663386733868338693387033871338723387333874338753387633877338783387933880338813388233883338843388533886338873388833889338903389133892338933389433895338963389733898338993390033901339023390333904339053390633907339083390933910339113391233913339143391533916339173391833919339203392133922339233392433925339263392733928339293393033931339323393333934339353393633937339383393933940339413394233943339443394533946339473394833949339503395133952339533395433955339563395733958339593396033961339623396333964339653396633967339683396933970339713397233973339743397533976339773397833979339803398133982339833398433985339863398733988339893399033991339923399333994339953399633997339983399934000340013400234003340043400534006340073400834009340103401134012340133401434015340163401734018340193402034021340223402334024340253402634027340283402934030340313403234033340343403534036340373403834039340403404134042340433404434045340463404734048340493405034051340523405334054340553405634057340583405934060340613406234063340643406534066340673406834069340703407134072340733407434075340763407734078340793408034081340823408334084340853408634087340883408934090340913409234093340943409534096340973409834099341003410134102341033410434105341063410734108341093411034111341123411334114341153411634117341183411934120341213412234123341243412534126341273412834129341303413134132341333413434135341363413734138341393414034141341423414334144341453414634147341483414934150341513415234153341543415534156341573415834159341603416134162341633416434165341663416734168341693417034171341723417334174341753417634177341783417934180341813418234183341843418534186341873418834189341903419134192341933419434195341963419734198



A B C D E F G H I J34199342003420134202342033420434205342063420734208342093421034211342123421334214342153421634217342183421934220342213422234223342243422534226342273422834229342303423134232342333423434235342363423734238342393424034241342423424334244342453424634247342483424934250342513425234253342543425534256342573425834259342603426134262342633426434265342663426734268342693427034271342723427334274342753427634277342783427934280342813428234283342843428534286342873428834289342903429134292342933429434295342963429734298342993430034301343023430334304343053430634307343083430934310343113431234313343143431534316343173431834319343203432134322343233432434325343263432734328343293433034331343323433334334343353433634337343383433934340343413434234343343443434534346343473434834349343503435134352343533435434355343563435734358343593436034361343623436334364343653436634367343683436934370343713437234373343743437534376343773437834379343803438134382343833438434385343863438734388343893439034391343923439334394343953439634397343983439934400344013440234403344043440534406344073440834409344103441134412344133441434415344163441734418344193442034421344223442334424344253442634427344283442934430344313443234433344343443534436344373443834439344403444134442344433444434445344463444734448344493445034451344523445334454344553445634457344583445934460344613446234463344643446534466344673446834469344703447134472344733447434475344763447734478344793448034481344823448334484344853448634487344883448934490344913449234493344943449534496344973449834499345003450134502345033450434505345063450734508345093451034511345123451334514345153451634517345183451934520345213452234523345243452534526345273452834529345303453134532345333453434535345363453734538345393454034541345423454334544345453454634547345483454934550345513455234553345543455534556345573455834559345603456134562345633456434565345663456734568345693457034571345723457334574345753457634577345783457934580345813458234583345843458534586345873458834589345903459134592345933459434595345963459734598345993460034601346023460334604346053460634607346083460934610346113461234613346143461534616346173461834619346203462134622346233462434625346263462734628346293463034631346323463334634346353463634637346383463934640346413464234643346443464534646346473464834649346503465134652346533465434655346563465734658346593466034661346623466334664346653466634667346683466934670346713467234673



A B C D E F G H I J34674346753467634677346783467934680346813468234683346843468534686346873468834689346903469134692346933469434695346963469734698346993470034701347023470334704347053470634707347083470934710347113471234713347143471534716347173471834719347203472134722347233472434725347263472734728347293473034731347323473334734347353473634737347383473934740347413474234743347443474534746347473474834749347503475134752347533475434755347563475734758347593476034761347623476334764347653476634767347683476934770347713477234773347743477534776347773477834779347803478134782347833478434785347863478734788347893479034791347923479334794347953479634797347983479934800348013480234803348043480534806348073480834809348103481134812348133481434815348163481734818348193482034821348223482334824348253482634827348283482934830348313483234833348343483534836348373483834839348403484134842348433484434845348463484734848348493485034851348523485334854348553485634857348583485934860348613486234863348643486534866348673486834869348703487134872348733487434875348763487734878348793488034881348823488334884348853488634887348883488934890348913489234893348943489534896348973489834899349003490134902349033490434905349063490734908349093491034911349123491334914349153491634917349183491934920349213492234923349243492534926349273492834929349303493134932349333493434935349363493734938349393494034941349423494334944349453494634947349483494934950349513495234953349543495534956349573495834959349603496134962349633496434965349663496734968349693497034971349723497334974349753497634977349783497934980349813498234983349843498534986349873498834989349903499134992349933499434995349963499734998349993500035001350023500335004350053500635007350083500935010350113501235013350143501535016350173501835019350203502135022350233502435025350263502735028350293503035031350323503335034350353503635037350383503935040350413504235043350443504535046350473504835049350503505135052350533505435055350563505735058350593506035061350623506335064350653506635067350683506935070350713507235073350743507535076350773507835079350803508135082350833508435085350863508735088350893509035091350923509335094350953509635097350983509935100351013510235103351043510535106351073510835109351103511135112351133511435115351163511735118351193512035121351223512335124351253512635127351283512935130351313513235133351343513535136351373513835139351403514135142351433514435145351463514735148



A B C D E F G H I J35149351503515135152351533515435155351563515735158351593516035161351623516335164351653516635167351683516935170351713517235173351743517535176351773517835179351803518135182351833518435185351863518735188351893519035191351923519335194351953519635197351983519935200352013520235203352043520535206352073520835209352103521135212352133521435215352163521735218352193522035221352223522335224352253522635227352283522935230352313523235233352343523535236352373523835239352403524135242352433524435245352463524735248352493525035251352523525335254352553525635257352583525935260352613526235263352643526535266352673526835269352703527135272352733527435275352763527735278352793528035281352823528335284352853528635287352883528935290352913529235293352943529535296352973529835299353003530135302353033530435305353063530735308353093531035311353123531335314353153531635317353183531935320353213532235323353243532535326353273532835329353303533135332353333533435335353363533735338353393534035341353423534335344353453534635347353483534935350353513535235353353543535535356353573535835359353603536135362353633536435365353663536735368353693537035371353723537335374353753537635377353783537935380353813538235383353843538535386353873538835389353903539135392353933539435395353963539735398353993540035401354023540335404354053540635407354083540935410354113541235413354143541535416354173541835419354203542135422354233542435425354263542735428354293543035431354323543335434354353543635437354383543935440354413544235443354443544535446354473544835449354503545135452354533545435455354563545735458354593546035461354623546335464354653546635467354683546935470354713547235473354743547535476354773547835479354803548135482354833548435485354863548735488354893549035491354923549335494354953549635497354983549935500355013550235503355043550535506355073550835509355103551135512355133551435515355163551735518355193552035521355223552335524355253552635527355283552935530355313553235533355343553535536355373553835539355403554135542355433554435545355463554735548355493555035551355523555335554355553555635557355583555935560355613556235563355643556535566355673556835569355703557135572355733557435575355763557735578355793558035581355823558335584355853558635587355883558935590355913559235593355943559535596355973559835599356003560135602356033560435605356063560735608356093561035611356123561335614356153561635617356183561935620356213562235623



A B C D E F G H I J35624356253562635627356283562935630356313563235633356343563535636356373563835639356403564135642356433564435645356463564735648356493565035651356523565335654356553565635657356583565935660356613566235663356643566535666356673566835669356703567135672356733567435675356763567735678356793568035681356823568335684356853568635687356883568935690356913569235693356943569535696356973569835699357003570135702357033570435705357063570735708357093571035711357123571335714357153571635717357183571935720357213572235723357243572535726357273572835729357303573135732357333573435735357363573735738357393574035741357423574335744357453574635747357483574935750357513575235753357543575535756357573575835759357603576135762357633576435765357663576735768357693577035771357723577335774357753577635777357783577935780357813578235783357843578535786357873578835789357903579135792357933579435795357963579735798357993580035801358023580335804358053580635807358083580935810358113581235813358143581535816358173581835819358203582135822358233582435825358263582735828358293583035831358323583335834358353583635837358383583935840358413584235843358443584535846358473584835849358503585135852358533585435855358563585735858358593586035861358623586335864358653586635867358683586935870358713587235873358743587535876358773587835879358803588135882358833588435885358863588735888358893589035891358923589335894358953589635897358983589935900359013590235903359043590535906359073590835909359103591135912359133591435915359163591735918359193592035921359223592335924359253592635927359283592935930359313593235933359343593535936359373593835939359403594135942359433594435945359463594735948359493595035951359523595335954359553595635957359583595935960359613596235963359643596535966359673596835969359703597135972359733597435975359763597735978359793598035981359823598335984359853598635987359883598935990359913599235993359943599535996359973599835999360003600136002360033600436005360063600736008360093601036011360123601336014360153601636017360183601936020360213602236023360243602536026360273602836029360303603136032360333603436035360363603736038360393604036041360423604336044360453604636047360483604936050360513605236053360543605536056360573605836059360603606136062360633606436065360663606736068360693607036071360723607336074360753607636077360783607936080360813608236083360843608536086360873608836089360903609136092360933609436095360963609736098



A B C D E F G H I J36099361003610136102361033610436105361063610736108361093611036111361123611336114361153611636117361183611936120361213612236123361243612536126361273612836129361303613136132361333613436135361363613736138361393614036141361423614336144361453614636147361483614936150361513615236153361543615536156361573615836159361603616136162361633616436165361663616736168361693617036171361723617336174361753617636177361783617936180361813618236183361843618536186361873618836189361903619136192361933619436195361963619736198361993620036201362023620336204362053620636207362083620936210362113621236213362143621536216362173621836219362203622136222362233622436225362263622736228362293623036231362323623336234362353623636237362383623936240362413624236243362443624536246362473624836249362503625136252362533625436255362563625736258362593626036261362623626336264362653626636267362683626936270362713627236273362743627536276362773627836279362803628136282362833628436285362863628736288362893629036291362923629336294362953629636297362983629936300363013630236303363043630536306363073630836309363103631136312363133631436315363163631736318363193632036321363223632336324363253632636327363283632936330363313633236333363343633536336363373633836339363403634136342363433634436345363463634736348363493635036351363523635336354363553635636357363583635936360363613636236363363643636536366363673636836369363703637136372363733637436375363763637736378363793638036381363823638336384363853638636387363883638936390363913639236393363943639536396363973639836399364003640136402364033640436405364063640736408364093641036411364123641336414364153641636417364183641936420364213642236423364243642536426364273642836429364303643136432364333643436435364363643736438364393644036441364423644336444364453644636447364483644936450364513645236453364543645536456364573645836459364603646136462364633646436465364663646736468364693647036471364723647336474364753647636477364783647936480364813648236483364843648536486364873648836489364903649136492364933649436495364963649736498364993650036501365023650336504365053650636507365083650936510365113651236513365143651536516365173651836519365203652136522365233652436525365263652736528365293653036531365323653336534365353653636537365383653936540365413654236543365443654536546365473654836549365503655136552365533655436555365563655736558365593656036561365623656336564365653656636567365683656936570365713657236573



A B C D E F G H I J36574365753657636577365783657936580365813658236583365843658536586365873658836589365903659136592365933659436595365963659736598365993660036601366023660336604366053660636607366083660936610366113661236613366143661536616366173661836619366203662136622366233662436625366263662736628366293663036631366323663336634366353663636637366383663936640366413664236643366443664536646366473664836649366503665136652366533665436655366563665736658366593666036661366623666336664366653666636667366683666936670366713667236673366743667536676366773667836679366803668136682366833668436685366863668736688366893669036691366923669336694366953669636697366983669936700367013670236703367043670536706367073670836709367103671136712367133671436715367163671736718367193672036721367223672336724367253672636727367283672936730367313673236733367343673536736367373673836739367403674136742367433674436745367463674736748367493675036751367523675336754367553675636757367583675936760367613676236763367643676536766367673676836769367703677136772367733677436775367763677736778367793678036781367823678336784367853678636787367883678936790367913679236793367943679536796367973679836799368003680136802368033680436805368063680736808368093681036811368123681336814368153681636817368183681936820368213682236823368243682536826368273682836829368303683136832368333683436835368363683736838368393684036841368423684336844368453684636847368483684936850368513685236853368543685536856368573685836859368603686136862368633686436865368663686736868368693687036871368723687336874368753687636877368783687936880368813688236883368843688536886368873688836889368903689136892368933689436895368963689736898368993690036901369023690336904369053690636907369083690936910369113691236913369143691536916369173691836919369203692136922369233692436925369263692736928369293693036931369323693336934369353693636937369383693936940369413694236943369443694536946369473694836949369503695136952369533695436955369563695736958369593696036961369623696336964369653696636967369683696936970369713697236973369743697536976369773697836979369803698136982369833698436985369863698736988369893699036991369923699336994369953699636997369983699937000370013700237003370043700537006370073700837009370103701137012370133701437015370163701737018370193702037021370223702337024370253702637027370283702937030370313703237033370343703537036370373703837039370403704137042370433704437045370463704737048



A B C D E F G H I J37049370503705137052370533705437055370563705737058370593706037061370623706337064370653706637067370683706937070370713707237073370743707537076370773707837079370803708137082370833708437085370863708737088370893709037091370923709337094370953709637097370983709937100371013710237103371043710537106371073710837109371103711137112371133711437115371163711737118371193712037121371223712337124371253712637127371283712937130371313713237133371343713537136371373713837139371403714137142371433714437145371463714737148371493715037151371523715337154371553715637157371583715937160371613716237163371643716537166371673716837169371703717137172371733717437175371763717737178371793718037181371823718337184371853718637187371883718937190371913719237193371943719537196371973719837199372003720137202372033720437205372063720737208372093721037211372123721337214372153721637217372183721937220372213722237223372243722537226372273722837229372303723137232372333723437235372363723737238372393724037241372423724337244372453724637247372483724937250372513725237253372543725537256372573725837259372603726137262372633726437265372663726737268372693727037271372723727337274372753727637277372783727937280372813728237283372843728537286372873728837289372903729137292372933729437295372963729737298372993730037301373023730337304373053730637307373083730937310373113731237313373143731537316373173731837319373203732137322373233732437325373263732737328373293733037331373323733337334373353733637337373383733937340373413734237343373443734537346373473734837349373503735137352373533735437355373563735737358373593736037361373623736337364373653736637367373683736937370373713737237373373743737537376373773737837379373803738137382373833738437385373863738737388373893739037391373923739337394373953739637397373983739937400374013740237403374043740537406374073740837409374103741137412374133741437415374163741737418374193742037421374223742337424374253742637427374283742937430374313743237433374343743537436374373743837439374403744137442374433744437445374463744737448374493745037451374523745337454374553745637457374583745937460374613746237463374643746537466374673746837469374703747137472374733747437475374763747737478374793748037481374823748337484374853748637487374883748937490374913749237493374943749537496374973749837499375003750137502375033750437505375063750737508375093751037511375123751337514375153751637517375183751937520375213752237523



A B C D E F G H I J37524375253752637527375283752937530375313753237533375343753537536375373753837539375403754137542375433754437545375463754737548375493755037551375523755337554375553755637557375583755937560375613756237563375643756537566375673756837569375703757137572375733757437575375763757737578375793758037581375823758337584375853758637587375883758937590375913759237593375943759537596375973759837599376003760137602376033760437605376063760737608376093761037611376123761337614376153761637617376183761937620376213762237623376243762537626376273762837629376303763137632376333763437635376363763737638376393764037641376423764337644376453764637647376483764937650376513765237653376543765537656376573765837659376603766137662376633766437665376663766737668376693767037671376723767337674376753767637677376783767937680376813768237683376843768537686376873768837689376903769137692376933769437695376963769737698376993770037701377023770337704377053770637707377083770937710377113771237713377143771537716377173771837719377203772137722377233772437725377263772737728377293773037731377323773337734377353773637737377383773937740377413774237743377443774537746377473774837749377503775137752377533775437755377563775737758377593776037761377623776337764377653776637767377683776937770377713777237773377743777537776377773777837779377803778137782377833778437785377863778737788377893779037791377923779337794377953779637797377983779937800378013780237803378043780537806378073780837809378103781137812378133781437815378163781737818378193782037821378223782337824378253782637827378283782937830378313783237833378343783537836378373783837839378403784137842378433784437845378463784737848378493785037851378523785337854378553785637857378583785937860378613786237863378643786537866378673786837869378703787137872378733787437875378763787737878378793788037881378823788337884378853788637887378883788937890378913789237893378943789537896378973789837899379003790137902379033790437905379063790737908379093791037911379123791337914379153791637917379183791937920379213792237923379243792537926379273792837929379303793137932379333793437935379363793737938379393794037941379423794337944379453794637947379483794937950379513795237953379543795537956379573795837959379603796137962379633796437965379663796737968379693797037971379723797337974379753797637977379783797937980379813798237983379843798537986379873798837989379903799137992379933799437995379963799737998



A B C D E F G H I J37999380003800138002380033800438005380063800738008380093801038011380123801338014380153801638017380183801938020380213802238023380243802538026380273802838029380303803138032380333803438035380363803738038380393804038041380423804338044380453804638047380483804938050380513805238053380543805538056380573805838059380603806138062380633806438065380663806738068380693807038071380723807338074380753807638077380783807938080380813808238083380843808538086380873808838089380903809138092380933809438095380963809738098380993810038101381023810338104381053810638107381083810938110381113811238113381143811538116381173811838119381203812138122381233812438125381263812738128381293813038131381323813338134381353813638137381383813938140381413814238143381443814538146381473814838149381503815138152381533815438155381563815738158381593816038161381623816338164381653816638167381683816938170381713817238173381743817538176381773817838179381803818138182381833818438185381863818738188381893819038191381923819338194381953819638197381983819938200382013820238203382043820538206382073820838209382103821138212382133821438215382163821738218382193822038221382223822338224382253822638227382283822938230382313823238233382343823538236382373823838239382403824138242382433824438245382463824738248382493825038251382523825338254382553825638257382583825938260382613826238263382643826538266382673826838269382703827138272382733827438275382763827738278382793828038281382823828338284382853828638287382883828938290382913829238293382943829538296382973829838299383003830138302383033830438305383063830738308383093831038311383123831338314383153831638317383183831938320383213832238323383243832538326383273832838329383303833138332383333833438335383363833738338383393834038341383423834338344383453834638347383483834938350383513835238353383543835538356383573835838359383603836138362383633836438365383663836738368383693837038371383723837338374383753837638377383783837938380383813838238383383843838538386383873838838389383903839138392383933839438395383963839738398383993840038401384023840338404384053840638407384083840938410384113841238413384143841538416384173841838419384203842138422384233842438425384263842738428384293843038431384323843338434384353843638437384383843938440384413844238443384443844538446384473844838449384503845138452384533845438455384563845738458384593846038461384623846338464384653846638467384683846938470384713847238473



A B C D E F G H I J38474384753847638477384783847938480384813848238483384843848538486384873848838489384903849138492384933849438495384963849738498384993850038501385023850338504385053850638507385083850938510385113851238513385143851538516385173851838519385203852138522385233852438525385263852738528385293853038531385323853338534385353853638537385383853938540385413854238543385443854538546385473854838549385503855138552385533855438555385563855738558385593856038561385623856338564385653856638567385683856938570385713857238573385743857538576385773857838579385803858138582385833858438585385863858738588385893859038591385923859338594385953859638597385983859938600386013860238603386043860538606386073860838609386103861138612386133861438615386163861738618386193862038621386223862338624386253862638627386283862938630386313863238633386343863538636386373863838639386403864138642386433864438645386463864738648386493865038651386523865338654386553865638657386583865938660386613866238663386643866538666386673866838669386703867138672386733867438675386763867738678386793868038681386823868338684386853868638687386883868938690386913869238693386943869538696386973869838699387003870138702387033870438705387063870738708387093871038711387123871338714387153871638717387183871938720387213872238723387243872538726387273872838729387303873138732387333873438735387363873738738387393874038741387423874338744387453874638747387483874938750387513875238753387543875538756387573875838759387603876138762387633876438765387663876738768387693877038771387723877338774387753877638777387783877938780387813878238783387843878538786387873878838789387903879138792387933879438795387963879738798387993880038801388023880338804388053880638807388083880938810388113881238813388143881538816388173881838819388203882138822388233882438825388263882738828388293883038831388323883338834388353883638837388383883938840388413884238843388443884538846388473884838849388503885138852388533885438855388563885738858388593886038861388623886338864388653886638867388683886938870388713887238873388743887538876388773887838879388803888138882388833888438885388863888738888388893889038891388923889338894388953889638897388983889938900389013890238903389043890538906389073890838909389103891138912389133891438915389163891738918389193892038921389223892338924389253892638927389283892938930389313893238933389343893538936389373893838939389403894138942389433894438945389463894738948



A B C D E F G H I J38949389503895138952389533895438955389563895738958389593896038961389623896338964389653896638967389683896938970389713897238973389743897538976389773897838979389803898138982389833898438985389863898738988389893899038991389923899338994389953899638997389983899939000390013900239003390043900539006390073900839009390103901139012390133901439015390163901739018390193902039021390223902339024390253902639027390283902939030390313903239033390343903539036390373903839039390403904139042390433904439045390463904739048390493905039051390523905339054390553905639057390583905939060390613906239063390643906539066390673906839069390703907139072390733907439075390763907739078390793908039081390823908339084390853908639087390883908939090390913909239093390943909539096390973909839099391003910139102391033910439105391063910739108391093911039111391123911339114391153911639117391183911939120391213912239123391243912539126391273912839129391303913139132391333913439135391363913739138391393914039141391423914339144391453914639147391483914939150391513915239153391543915539156391573915839159391603916139162391633916439165391663916739168391693917039171391723917339174391753917639177391783917939180391813918239183391843918539186391873918839189391903919139192391933919439195391963919739198391993920039201392023920339204392053920639207392083920939210392113921239213392143921539216392173921839219392203922139222392233922439225392263922739228392293923039231392323923339234392353923639237392383923939240392413924239243392443924539246392473924839249392503925139252392533925439255392563925739258392593926039261392623926339264392653926639267392683926939270392713927239273392743927539276392773927839279392803928139282392833928439285392863928739288392893929039291392923929339294392953929639297392983929939300393013930239303393043930539306393073930839309393103931139312393133931439315393163931739318393193932039321393223932339324393253932639327393283932939330393313933239333393343933539336393373933839339393403934139342393433934439345393463934739348393493935039351393523935339354393553935639357393583935939360393613936239363393643936539366393673936839369393703937139372393733937439375393763937739378393793938039381393823938339384393853938639387393883938939390393913939239393393943939539396393973939839399394003940139402394033940439405394063940739408394093941039411394123941339414394153941639417394183941939420394213942239423



A B C D E F G H I J39424394253942639427394283942939430394313943239433394343943539436394373943839439394403944139442394433944439445394463944739448394493945039451394523945339454394553945639457394583945939460394613946239463394643946539466394673946839469394703947139472394733947439475394763947739478394793948039481394823948339484394853948639487394883948939490394913949239493394943949539496394973949839499395003950139502395033950439505395063950739508395093951039511395123951339514395153951639517395183951939520395213952239523395243952539526395273952839529395303953139532395333953439535395363953739538395393954039541395423954339544395453954639547395483954939550395513955239553395543955539556395573955839559395603956139562395633956439565395663956739568395693957039571395723957339574395753957639577395783957939580395813958239583395843958539586395873958839589395903959139592395933959439595395963959739598395993960039601396023960339604396053960639607396083960939610396113961239613396143961539616396173961839619396203962139622396233962439625396263962739628396293963039631396323963339634396353963639637396383963939640396413964239643396443964539646396473964839649396503965139652396533965439655396563965739658396593966039661396623966339664396653966639667396683966939670396713967239673396743967539676396773967839679396803968139682396833968439685396863968739688396893969039691396923969339694396953969639697396983969939700397013970239703397043970539706397073970839709397103971139712397133971439715397163971739718397193972039721397223972339724397253972639727397283972939730397313973239733397343973539736397373973839739397403974139742397433974439745397463974739748397493975039751397523975339754397553975639757397583975939760397613976239763397643976539766397673976839769397703977139772397733977439775397763977739778397793978039781397823978339784397853978639787397883978939790397913979239793397943979539796397973979839799398003980139802398033980439805398063980739808398093981039811398123981339814398153981639817398183981939820398213982239823398243982539826398273982839829398303983139832398333983439835398363983739838398393984039841398423984339844398453984639847398483984939850398513985239853398543985539856398573985839859398603986139862398633986439865398663986739868398693987039871398723987339874398753987639877398783987939880398813988239883398843988539886398873988839889398903989139892398933989439895398963989739898



A B C D E F G H I J39899399003990139902399033990439905399063990739908399093991039911399123991339914399153991639917399183991939920399213992239923399243992539926399273992839929399303993139932399333993439935399363993739938399393994039941399423994339944399453994639947399483994939950399513995239953399543995539956399573995839959399603996139962399633996439965399663996739968399693997039971399723997339974399753997639977399783997939980399813998239983399843998539986399873998839989399903999139992399933999439995399963999739998399994000040001400024000340004400054000640007400084000940010400114001240013400144001540016400174001840019400204002140022400234002440025400264002740028400294003040031400324003340034400354003640037400384003940040400414004240043400444004540046400474004840049400504005140052400534005440055400564005740058400594006040061400624006340064400654006640067400684006940070400714007240073400744007540076400774007840079400804008140082400834008440085400864008740088400894009040091400924009340094400954009640097400984009940100401014010240103401044010540106401074010840109401104011140112401134011440115401164011740118401194012040121401224012340124401254012640127401284012940130401314013240133401344013540136401374013840139401404014140142401434014440145401464014740148401494015040151401524015340154401554015640157401584015940160401614016240163401644016540166401674016840169401704017140172401734017440175401764017740178401794018040181401824018340184401854018640187401884018940190401914019240193401944019540196401974019840199402004020140202402034020440205402064020740208402094021040211402124021340214402154021640217402184021940220402214022240223402244022540226402274022840229402304023140232402334023440235402364023740238402394024040241402424024340244402454024640247402484024940250402514025240253402544025540256402574025840259402604026140262402634026440265402664026740268402694027040271402724027340274402754027640277402784027940280402814028240283402844028540286402874028840289402904029140292402934029440295402964029740298402994030040301403024030340304403054030640307403084030940310403114031240313403144031540316403174031840319403204032140322403234032440325403264032740328403294033040331403324033340334403354033640337403384033940340403414034240343403444034540346403474034840349403504035140352403534035440355403564035740358403594036040361403624036340364403654036640367403684036940370403714037240373



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



A B C D E F G H I J40849408504085140852408534085440855408564085740858408594086040861408624086340864408654086640867408684086940870408714087240873408744087540876408774087840879408804088140882408834088440885408864088740888408894089040891408924089340894408954089640897408984089940900409014090240903409044090540906409074090840909409104091140912409134091440915409164091740918409194092040921409224092340924409254092640927409284092940930409314093240933409344093540936409374093840939409404094140942409434094440945409464094740948409494095040951409524095340954409554095640957409584095940960409614096240963409644096540966409674096840969409704097140972409734097440975409764097740978409794098040981409824098340984409854098640987409884098940990409914099240993409944099540996409974099840999410004100141002410034100441005410064100741008410094101041011410124101341014410154101641017410184101941020410214102241023410244102541026410274102841029410304103141032410334103441035410364103741038410394104041041410424104341044410454104641047410484104941050410514105241053410544105541056410574105841059410604106141062410634106441065410664106741068410694107041071410724107341074410754107641077410784107941080410814108241083410844108541086410874108841089410904109141092410934109441095410964109741098410994110041101411024110341104411054110641107411084110941110411114111241113411144111541116411174111841119411204112141122411234112441125411264112741128411294113041131411324113341134411354113641137411384113941140411414114241143411444114541146411474114841149411504115141152411534115441155411564115741158411594116041161411624116341164411654116641167411684116941170411714117241173411744117541176411774117841179411804118141182411834118441185411864118741188411894119041191411924119341194411954119641197411984119941200412014120241203412044120541206412074120841209412104121141212412134121441215412164121741218412194122041221412224122341224412254122641227412284122941230412314123241233412344123541236412374123841239412404124141242412434124441245412464124741248412494125041251412524125341254412554125641257412584125941260412614126241263412644126541266412674126841269412704127141272412734127441275412764127741278412794128041281412824128341284412854128641287412884128941290412914129241293412944129541296412974129841299413004130141302413034130441305413064130741308413094131041311413124131341314413154131641317413184131941320413214132241323



A B C D E F G H I J41324413254132641327413284132941330413314133241333413344133541336413374133841339413404134141342413434134441345413464134741348413494135041351413524135341354413554135641357413584135941360413614136241363413644136541366413674136841369413704137141372413734137441375413764137741378413794138041381413824138341384413854138641387413884138941390413914139241393413944139541396413974139841399414004140141402414034140441405414064140741408414094141041411414124141341414414154141641417414184141941420414214142241423414244142541426414274142841429414304143141432414334143441435414364143741438414394144041441414424144341444414454144641447414484144941450414514145241453414544145541456414574145841459414604146141462414634146441465414664146741468414694147041471414724147341474414754147641477414784147941480414814148241483414844148541486414874148841489414904149141492414934149441495414964149741498414994150041501415024150341504415054150641507415084150941510415114151241513415144151541516415174151841519415204152141522415234152441525415264152741528415294153041531415324153341534415354153641537415384153941540415414154241543415444154541546415474154841549415504155141552415534155441555415564155741558415594156041561415624156341564415654156641567415684156941570415714157241573415744157541576415774157841579415804158141582415834158441585415864158741588415894159041591415924159341594415954159641597415984159941600416014160241603416044160541606416074160841609416104161141612416134161441615416164161741618416194162041621416224162341624416254162641627416284162941630416314163241633416344163541636416374163841639416404164141642416434164441645416464164741648416494165041651416524165341654416554165641657416584165941660416614166241663416644166541666416674166841669416704167141672416734167441675416764167741678416794168041681416824168341684416854168641687416884168941690416914169241693416944169541696416974169841699417004170141702417034170441705417064170741708417094171041711417124171341714417154171641717417184171941720417214172241723417244172541726417274172841729417304173141732417334173441735417364173741738417394174041741417424174341744417454174641747417484174941750417514175241753417544175541756417574175841759417604176141762417634176441765417664176741768417694177041771417724177341774417754177641777417784177941780417814178241783417844178541786417874178841789417904179141792417934179441795417964179741798



A B C D E F G H I J41799418004180141802418034180441805418064180741808418094181041811418124181341814418154181641817418184181941820418214182241823418244182541826418274182841829418304183141832418334183441835418364183741838418394184041841418424184341844418454184641847418484184941850418514185241853418544185541856418574185841859418604186141862418634186441865418664186741868418694187041871418724187341874418754187641877418784187941880418814188241883418844188541886418874188841889418904189141892418934189441895418964189741898418994190041901419024190341904419054190641907419084190941910419114191241913419144191541916419174191841919419204192141922419234192441925419264192741928419294193041931419324193341934419354193641937419384193941940419414194241943419444194541946419474194841949419504195141952419534195441955419564195741958419594196041961419624196341964419654196641967419684196941970419714197241973419744197541976419774197841979419804198141982419834198441985419864198741988419894199041991419924199341994419954199641997419984199942000420014200242003420044200542006420074200842009420104201142012420134201442015420164201742018420194202042021420224202342024420254202642027420284202942030420314203242033420344203542036420374203842039420404204142042420434204442045420464204742048420494205042051420524205342054420554205642057420584205942060420614206242063420644206542066420674206842069420704207142072420734207442075420764207742078420794208042081420824208342084420854208642087420884208942090420914209242093420944209542096420974209842099421004210142102421034210442105421064210742108421094211042111421124211342114421154211642117421184211942120421214212242123421244212542126421274212842129421304213142132421334213442135421364213742138421394214042141421424214342144421454214642147421484214942150421514215242153421544215542156421574215842159421604216142162421634216442165421664216742168421694217042171421724217342174421754217642177421784217942180421814218242183421844218542186421874218842189421904219142192421934219442195421964219742198421994220042201422024220342204422054220642207422084220942210422114221242213422144221542216422174221842219422204222142222422234222442225422264222742228422294223042231422324223342234422354223642237422384223942240422414224242243422444224542246422474224842249422504225142252422534225442255422564225742258422594226042261422624226342264422654226642267422684226942270422714227242273



A B C D E F G H I J42274422754227642277422784227942280422814228242283422844228542286422874228842289422904229142292422934229442295422964229742298422994230042301423024230342304423054230642307423084230942310423114231242313423144231542316423174231842319423204232142322423234232442325423264232742328423294233042331423324233342334423354233642337423384233942340423414234242343423444234542346423474234842349423504235142352423534235442355423564235742358423594236042361423624236342364423654236642367423684236942370423714237242373423744237542376423774237842379423804238142382423834238442385423864238742388423894239042391423924239342394423954239642397423984239942400424014240242403424044240542406424074240842409424104241142412424134241442415424164241742418424194242042421424224242342424424254242642427424284242942430424314243242433424344243542436424374243842439424404244142442424434244442445424464244742448424494245042451424524245342454424554245642457424584245942460424614246242463424644246542466424674246842469424704247142472424734247442475424764247742478424794248042481424824248342484424854248642487424884248942490424914249242493424944249542496424974249842499425004250142502425034250442505425064250742508425094251042511425124251342514425154251642517425184251942520425214252242523425244252542526425274252842529425304253142532425334253442535425364253742538425394254042541425424254342544425454254642547425484254942550425514255242553425544255542556425574255842559425604256142562425634256442565425664256742568425694257042571425724257342574425754257642577425784257942580425814258242583425844258542586425874258842589425904259142592425934259442595425964259742598425994260042601426024260342604426054260642607426084260942610426114261242613426144261542616426174261842619426204262142622426234262442625426264262742628426294263042631426324263342634426354263642637426384263942640426414264242643426444264542646426474264842649426504265142652426534265442655426564265742658426594266042661426624266342664426654266642667426684266942670426714267242673426744267542676426774267842679426804268142682426834268442685426864268742688426894269042691426924269342694426954269642697426984269942700427014270242703427044270542706427074270842709427104271142712427134271442715427164271742718427194272042721427224272342724427254272642727427284272942730427314273242733427344273542736427374273842739427404274142742427434274442745427464274742748



A B C D E F G H I J42749427504275142752427534275442755427564275742758427594276042761427624276342764427654276642767427684276942770427714277242773427744277542776427774277842779427804278142782427834278442785427864278742788427894279042791427924279342794427954279642797427984279942800428014280242803428044280542806428074280842809428104281142812428134281442815428164281742818428194282042821428224282342824428254282642827428284282942830428314283242833428344283542836428374283842839428404284142842428434284442845428464284742848428494285042851428524285342854428554285642857428584285942860428614286242863428644286542866428674286842869428704287142872428734287442875428764287742878428794288042881428824288342884428854288642887428884288942890428914289242893428944289542896428974289842899429004290142902429034290442905429064290742908429094291042911429124291342914429154291642917429184291942920429214292242923429244292542926429274292842929429304293142932429334293442935429364293742938429394294042941429424294342944429454294642947429484294942950429514295242953429544295542956429574295842959429604296142962429634296442965429664296742968429694297042971429724297342974429754297642977429784297942980429814298242983429844298542986429874298842989429904299142992429934299442995429964299742998429994300043001430024300343004430054300643007430084300943010430114301243013430144301543016430174301843019430204302143022430234302443025430264302743028430294303043031430324303343034430354303643037430384303943040430414304243043430444304543046430474304843049430504305143052430534305443055430564305743058430594306043061430624306343064430654306643067430684306943070430714307243073430744307543076430774307843079430804308143082430834308443085430864308743088430894309043091430924309343094430954309643097430984309943100431014310243103431044310543106431074310843109431104311143112431134311443115431164311743118431194312043121431224312343124431254312643127431284312943130431314313243133431344313543136431374313843139431404314143142431434314443145431464314743148431494315043151431524315343154431554315643157431584315943160431614316243163431644316543166431674316843169431704317143172431734317443175431764317743178431794318043181431824318343184431854318643187431884318943190431914319243193431944319543196431974319843199432004320143202432034320443205432064320743208432094321043211432124321343214432154321643217432184321943220432214322243223



A B C D E F G H I J43224432254322643227432284322943230432314323243233432344323543236432374323843239432404324143242432434324443245432464324743248432494325043251432524325343254432554325643257432584325943260432614326243263432644326543266432674326843269432704327143272432734327443275432764327743278432794328043281432824328343284432854328643287432884328943290432914329243293432944329543296432974329843299433004330143302433034330443305433064330743308433094331043311433124331343314433154331643317433184331943320433214332243323433244332543326433274332843329433304333143332433334333443335433364333743338433394334043341433424334343344433454334643347433484334943350433514335243353433544335543356433574335843359433604336143362433634336443365433664336743368433694337043371433724337343374433754337643377433784337943380433814338243383433844338543386433874338843389433904339143392433934339443395433964339743398433994340043401434024340343404434054340643407434084340943410434114341243413434144341543416434174341843419434204342143422434234342443425434264342743428434294343043431434324343343434434354343643437434384343943440434414344243443434444344543446434474344843449434504345143452434534345443455434564345743458434594346043461434624346343464434654346643467434684346943470434714347243473434744347543476434774347843479434804348143482434834348443485434864348743488434894349043491434924349343494434954349643497434984349943500435014350243503435044350543506435074350843509435104351143512435134351443515435164351743518435194352043521435224352343524435254352643527435284352943530435314353243533435344353543536435374353843539435404354143542435434354443545435464354743548435494355043551435524355343554435554355643557435584355943560435614356243563435644356543566435674356843569435704357143572435734357443575435764357743578435794358043581435824358343584435854358643587435884358943590435914359243593435944359543596435974359843599436004360143602436034360443605436064360743608436094361043611436124361343614436154361643617436184361943620436214362243623436244362543626436274362843629436304363143632436334363443635436364363743638436394364043641436424364343644436454364643647436484364943650436514365243653436544365543656436574365843659436604366143662436634366443665436664366743668436694367043671436724367343674436754367643677436784367943680436814368243683436844368543686436874368843689436904369143692436934369443695436964369743698



A B C D E F G H I J43699437004370143702437034370443705437064370743708437094371043711437124371343714437154371643717437184371943720437214372243723437244372543726437274372843729437304373143732437334373443735437364373743738437394374043741437424374343744437454374643747437484374943750437514375243753437544375543756437574375843759437604376143762437634376443765437664376743768437694377043771437724377343774437754377643777437784377943780437814378243783437844378543786437874378843789437904379143792437934379443795437964379743798437994380043801438024380343804438054380643807438084380943810438114381243813438144381543816438174381843819438204382143822438234382443825438264382743828438294383043831438324383343834438354383643837438384383943840438414384243843438444384543846438474384843849438504385143852438534385443855438564385743858438594386043861438624386343864438654386643867438684386943870438714387243873438744387543876438774387843879438804388143882438834388443885438864388743888438894389043891438924389343894438954389643897438984389943900439014390243903439044390543906439074390843909439104391143912439134391443915439164391743918439194392043921439224392343924439254392643927439284392943930439314393243933439344393543936439374393843939439404394143942439434394443945439464394743948439494395043951439524395343954439554395643957439584395943960439614396243963439644396543966439674396843969439704397143972439734397443975439764397743978439794398043981439824398343984439854398643987439884398943990439914399243993439944399543996439974399843999440004400144002440034400444005440064400744008440094401044011440124401344014440154401644017440184401944020440214402244023440244402544026440274402844029440304403144032440334403444035440364403744038440394404044041440424404344044440454404644047440484404944050440514405244053440544405544056440574405844059440604406144062440634406444065440664406744068440694407044071440724407344074440754407644077440784407944080440814408244083440844408544086440874408844089440904409144092440934409444095440964409744098440994410044101441024410344104441054410644107441084410944110441114411244113441144411544116441174411844119441204412144122441234412444125441264412744128441294413044131441324413344134441354413644137441384413944140441414414244143441444414544146441474414844149441504415144152441534415444155441564415744158441594416044161441624416344164441654416644167441684416944170441714417244173



A B C D E F G H I J44174441754417644177441784417944180441814418244183441844418544186441874418844189441904419144192441934419444195441964419744198441994420044201442024420344204442054420644207442084420944210442114421244213442144421544216442174421844219442204422144222442234422444225442264422744228442294423044231442324423344234442354423644237442384423944240442414424244243442444424544246442474424844249442504425144252442534425444255442564425744258442594426044261442624426344264442654426644267442684426944270442714427244273442744427544276442774427844279442804428144282442834428444285442864428744288442894429044291442924429344294442954429644297442984429944300443014430244303443044430544306443074430844309443104431144312443134431444315443164431744318443194432044321443224432344324443254432644327443284432944330443314433244333443344433544336443374433844339443404434144342443434434444345443464434744348443494435044351443524435344354443554435644357443584435944360443614436244363443644436544366443674436844369443704437144372443734437444375443764437744378443794438044381443824438344384443854438644387443884438944390443914439244393443944439544396443974439844399444004440144402444034440444405444064440744408444094441044411444124441344414444154441644417444184441944420444214442244423444244442544426444274442844429444304443144432444334443444435444364443744438444394444044441444424444344444444454444644447444484444944450444514445244453444544445544456444574445844459444604446144462444634446444465444664446744468444694447044471444724447344474444754447644477444784447944480444814448244483444844448544486444874448844489444904449144492444934449444495444964449744498444994450044501445024450344504445054450644507445084450944510445114451244513445144451544516445174451844519445204452144522445234452444525445264452744528445294453044531445324453344534445354453644537445384453944540445414454244543445444454544546445474454844549445504455144552445534455444555445564455744558445594456044561445624456344564445654456644567445684456944570445714457244573445744457544576445774457844579445804458144582445834458444585445864458744588445894459044591445924459344594445954459644597445984459944600446014460244603446044460544606446074460844609446104461144612446134461444615446164461744618446194462044621446224462344624446254462644627446284462944630446314463244633446344463544636446374463844639446404464144642446434464444645446464464744648



A B C D E F G H I J44649446504465144652446534465444655446564465744658446594466044661446624466344664446654466644667446684466944670446714467244673446744467544676446774467844679446804468144682446834468444685446864468744688446894469044691446924469344694446954469644697446984469944700447014470244703447044470544706447074470844709447104471144712447134471444715447164471744718447194472044721447224472344724447254472644727447284472944730447314473244733447344473544736447374473844739447404474144742447434474444745447464474744748447494475044751447524475344754447554475644757447584475944760447614476244763447644476544766447674476844769447704477144772447734477444775447764477744778447794478044781447824478344784447854478644787447884478944790447914479244793447944479544796447974479844799448004480144802448034480444805448064480744808448094481044811448124481344814448154481644817448184481944820448214482244823448244482544826448274482844829448304483144832448334483444835448364483744838448394484044841448424484344844448454484644847448484484944850448514485244853448544485544856448574485844859448604486144862448634486444865448664486744868448694487044871448724487344874448754487644877448784487944880448814488244883448844488544886448874488844889448904489144892448934489444895448964489744898448994490044901449024490344904449054490644907449084490944910449114491244913449144491544916449174491844919449204492144922449234492444925449264492744928449294493044931449324493344934449354493644937449384493944940449414494244943449444494544946449474494844949449504495144952449534495444955449564495744958449594496044961449624496344964449654496644967449684496944970449714497244973449744497544976449774497844979449804498144982449834498444985449864498744988449894499044991449924499344994449954499644997449984499945000450014500245003450044500545006450074500845009450104501145012450134501445015450164501745018450194502045021450224502345024450254502645027450284502945030450314503245033450344503545036450374503845039450404504145042450434504445045450464504745048450494505045051450524505345054450554505645057450584505945060450614506245063450644506545066450674506845069450704507145072450734507445075450764507745078450794508045081450824508345084450854508645087450884508945090450914509245093450944509545096450974509845099451004510145102451034510445105451064510745108451094511045111451124511345114451154511645117451184511945120451214512245123



A B C D E F G H I J45124451254512645127451284512945130451314513245133451344513545136451374513845139451404514145142451434514445145451464514745148451494515045151451524515345154451554515645157451584515945160451614516245163451644516545166451674516845169451704517145172451734517445175451764517745178451794518045181451824518345184451854518645187451884518945190451914519245193451944519545196451974519845199452004520145202452034520445205452064520745208452094521045211452124521345214452154521645217452184521945220452214522245223452244522545226452274522845229452304523145232452334523445235452364523745238452394524045241452424524345244452454524645247452484524945250452514525245253452544525545256452574525845259452604526145262452634526445265452664526745268452694527045271452724527345274452754527645277452784527945280452814528245283452844528545286452874528845289452904529145292452934529445295452964529745298452994530045301453024530345304453054530645307453084530945310453114531245313453144531545316453174531845319453204532145322453234532445325453264532745328453294533045331453324533345334453354533645337453384533945340453414534245343453444534545346453474534845349453504535145352453534535445355453564535745358453594536045361453624536345364453654536645367453684536945370453714537245373453744537545376453774537845379453804538145382453834538445385453864538745388453894539045391453924539345394453954539645397453984539945400454014540245403454044540545406454074540845409454104541145412454134541445415454164541745418454194542045421454224542345424454254542645427454284542945430454314543245433454344543545436454374543845439454404544145442454434544445445454464544745448454494545045451454524545345454454554545645457454584545945460454614546245463454644546545466454674546845469454704547145472454734547445475454764547745478454794548045481454824548345484454854548645487454884548945490454914549245493454944549545496454974549845499455004550145502455034550445505455064550745508455094551045511455124551345514455154551645517455184551945520455214552245523455244552545526455274552845529455304553145532455334553445535455364553745538455394554045541455424554345544455454554645547455484554945550455514555245553455544555545556455574555845559455604556145562455634556445565455664556745568455694557045571455724557345574455754557645577455784557945580455814558245583455844558545586455874558845589455904559145592455934559445595455964559745598



A B C D E F G H I J45599456004560145602456034560445605456064560745608456094561045611456124561345614456154561645617456184561945620456214562245623456244562545626456274562845629456304563145632456334563445635456364563745638456394564045641456424564345644456454564645647456484564945650456514565245653456544565545656456574565845659456604566145662456634566445665456664566745668456694567045671456724567345674456754567645677456784567945680456814568245683456844568545686456874568845689456904569145692456934569445695456964569745698456994570045701457024570345704457054570645707457084570945710457114571245713457144571545716457174571845719457204572145722457234572445725457264572745728457294573045731457324573345734457354573645737457384573945740457414574245743457444574545746457474574845749457504575145752457534575445755457564575745758457594576045761457624576345764457654576645767457684576945770457714577245773457744577545776457774577845779457804578145782457834578445785457864578745788457894579045791457924579345794457954579645797457984579945800458014580245803458044580545806458074580845809458104581145812458134581445815458164581745818458194582045821458224582345824458254582645827458284582945830458314583245833458344583545836458374583845839458404584145842458434584445845458464584745848458494585045851458524585345854458554585645857458584585945860458614586245863458644586545866458674586845869458704587145872458734587445875458764587745878458794588045881458824588345884458854588645887458884588945890458914589245893458944589545896458974589845899459004590145902459034590445905459064590745908459094591045911459124591345914459154591645917459184591945920459214592245923459244592545926459274592845929459304593145932459334593445935459364593745938459394594045941459424594345944459454594645947459484594945950459514595245953459544595545956459574595845959459604596145962459634596445965459664596745968459694597045971459724597345974459754597645977459784597945980459814598245983459844598545986459874598845989459904599145992459934599445995459964599745998459994600046001460024600346004460054600646007460084600946010460114601246013460144601546016460174601846019460204602146022460234602446025460264602746028460294603046031460324603346034460354603646037460384603946040460414604246043460444604546046460474604846049460504605146052460534605446055460564605746058460594606046061460624606346064460654606646067460684606946070460714607246073



A B C D E F G H I J46074460754607646077460784607946080460814608246083460844608546086460874608846089460904609146092460934609446095460964609746098460994610046101461024610346104461054610646107461084610946110461114611246113461144611546116461174611846119461204612146122461234612446125461264612746128461294613046131461324613346134461354613646137461384613946140461414614246143461444614546146461474614846149461504615146152461534615446155461564615746158461594616046161461624616346164461654616646167461684616946170461714617246173461744617546176461774617846179461804618146182461834618446185461864618746188461894619046191461924619346194461954619646197461984619946200462014620246203462044620546206462074620846209462104621146212462134621446215462164621746218462194622046221462224622346224462254622646227462284622946230462314623246233462344623546236462374623846239462404624146242462434624446245462464624746248462494625046251462524625346254462554625646257462584625946260462614626246263462644626546266462674626846269462704627146272462734627446275462764627746278462794628046281462824628346284462854628646287462884628946290462914629246293462944629546296462974629846299463004630146302463034630446305463064630746308463094631046311463124631346314463154631646317463184631946320463214632246323463244632546326463274632846329463304633146332463334633446335463364633746338463394634046341463424634346344463454634646347463484634946350463514635246353463544635546356463574635846359463604636146362463634636446365463664636746368463694637046371463724637346374463754637646377463784637946380463814638246383463844638546386463874638846389463904639146392463934639446395463964639746398463994640046401464024640346404464054640646407464084640946410464114641246413464144641546416464174641846419464204642146422464234642446425464264642746428464294643046431464324643346434464354643646437464384643946440464414644246443464444644546446464474644846449464504645146452464534645446455464564645746458464594646046461464624646346464464654646646467464684646946470464714647246473464744647546476464774647846479464804648146482464834648446485464864648746488464894649046491464924649346494464954649646497464984649946500465014650246503465044650546506465074650846509465104651146512465134651446515465164651746518465194652046521465224652346524465254652646527465284652946530465314653246533465344653546536465374653846539465404654146542465434654446545465464654746548



A B C D E F G H I J46549465504655146552465534655446555465564655746558465594656046561465624656346564465654656646567465684656946570465714657246573465744657546576465774657846579465804658146582465834658446585465864658746588465894659046591465924659346594465954659646597465984659946600466014660246603466044660546606466074660846609466104661146612466134661446615466164661746618466194662046621466224662346624466254662646627466284662946630466314663246633466344663546636466374663846639466404664146642466434664446645466464664746648466494665046651466524665346654466554665646657466584665946660466614666246663466644666546666466674666846669466704667146672466734667446675466764667746678466794668046681466824668346684466854668646687466884668946690466914669246693466944669546696466974669846699467004670146702467034670446705467064670746708467094671046711467124671346714467154671646717467184671946720467214672246723467244672546726467274672846729467304673146732467334673446735467364673746738467394674046741467424674346744467454674646747467484674946750467514675246753467544675546756467574675846759467604676146762467634676446765467664676746768467694677046771467724677346774467754677646777467784677946780467814678246783467844678546786467874678846789467904679146792467934679446795467964679746798467994680046801468024680346804468054680646807468084680946810468114681246813468144681546816468174681846819468204682146822468234682446825468264682746828468294683046831468324683346834468354683646837468384683946840468414684246843468444684546846468474684846849468504685146852468534685446855468564685746858468594686046861468624686346864468654686646867468684686946870468714687246873468744687546876468774687846879468804688146882468834688446885468864688746888468894689046891468924689346894468954689646897468984689946900469014690246903469044690546906469074690846909469104691146912469134691446915469164691746918469194692046921469224692346924469254692646927469284692946930469314693246933469344693546936469374693846939469404694146942469434694446945469464694746948469494695046951469524695346954469554695646957469584695946960469614696246963469644696546966469674696846969469704697146972469734697446975469764697746978469794698046981469824698346984469854698646987469884698946990469914699246993469944699546996469974699846999470004700147002470034700447005470064700747008470094701047011470124701347014470154701647017470184701947020470214702247023



A B C D E F G H I J47024470254702647027470284702947030470314703247033470344703547036470374703847039470404704147042470434704447045470464704747048470494705047051470524705347054470554705647057470584705947060470614706247063470644706547066470674706847069470704707147072470734707447075470764707747078470794708047081470824708347084470854708647087470884708947090470914709247093470944709547096470974709847099471004710147102471034710447105471064710747108471094711047111471124711347114471154711647117471184711947120471214712247123471244712547126471274712847129471304713147132471334713447135471364713747138471394714047141471424714347144471454714647147471484714947150471514715247153471544715547156471574715847159471604716147162471634716447165471664716747168471694717047171471724717347174471754717647177471784717947180471814718247183471844718547186471874718847189471904719147192471934719447195471964719747198471994720047201472024720347204472054720647207472084720947210472114721247213472144721547216472174721847219472204722147222472234722447225472264722747228472294723047231472324723347234472354723647237472384723947240472414724247243472444724547246472474724847249472504725147252472534725447255472564725747258472594726047261472624726347264472654726647267472684726947270472714727247273472744727547276472774727847279472804728147282472834728447285472864728747288472894729047291472924729347294472954729647297472984729947300473014730247303473044730547306473074730847309473104731147312473134731447315473164731747318473194732047321473224732347324473254732647327473284732947330473314733247333473344733547336473374733847339473404734147342473434734447345473464734747348473494735047351473524735347354473554735647357473584735947360473614736247363473644736547366473674736847369473704737147372473734737447375473764737747378473794738047381473824738347384473854738647387473884738947390473914739247393473944739547396473974739847399474004740147402474034740447405474064740747408474094741047411474124741347414474154741647417474184741947420474214742247423474244742547426474274742847429474304743147432474334743447435474364743747438474394744047441474424744347444474454744647447474484744947450474514745247453474544745547456474574745847459474604746147462474634746447465474664746747468474694747047471474724747347474474754747647477474784747947480474814748247483474844748547486474874748847489474904749147492474934749447495474964749747498



A B C D E F G H I J47499475004750147502475034750447505475064750747508475094751047511475124751347514475154751647517475184751947520475214752247523475244752547526475274752847529475304753147532475334753447535475364753747538475394754047541475424754347544475454754647547475484754947550475514755247553475544755547556475574755847559475604756147562475634756447565475664756747568475694757047571475724757347574475754757647577475784757947580475814758247583475844758547586475874758847589475904759147592475934759447595475964759747598475994760047601476024760347604476054760647607476084760947610476114761247613476144761547616476174761847619476204762147622476234762447625476264762747628476294763047631476324763347634476354763647637476384763947640476414764247643476444764547646476474764847649476504765147652476534765447655476564765747658476594766047661476624766347664476654766647667476684766947670476714767247673476744767547676476774767847679476804768147682476834768447685476864768747688476894769047691476924769347694476954769647697476984769947700477014770247703477044770547706477074770847709477104771147712477134771447715477164771747718477194772047721477224772347724477254772647727477284772947730477314773247733477344773547736477374773847739477404774147742477434774447745477464774747748477494775047751477524775347754477554775647757477584775947760477614776247763477644776547766477674776847769477704777147772477734777447775477764777747778477794778047781477824778347784477854778647787477884778947790477914779247793477944779547796477974779847799478004780147802478034780447805478064780747808478094781047811478124781347814478154781647817478184781947820478214782247823478244782547826478274782847829478304783147832478334783447835478364783747838478394784047841478424784347844478454784647847478484784947850478514785247853478544785547856478574785847859478604786147862478634786447865478664786747868478694787047871478724787347874478754787647877478784787947880478814788247883478844788547886478874788847889478904789147892478934789447895478964789747898478994790047901479024790347904479054790647907479084790947910479114791247913479144791547916479174791847919479204792147922479234792447925479264792747928479294793047931479324793347934479354793647937479384793947940479414794247943479444794547946479474794847949479504795147952479534795447955479564795747958479594796047961479624796347964479654796647967479684796947970479714797247973



A B C D E F G H I J47974479754797647977479784797947980479814798247983479844798547986479874798847989479904799147992479934799447995479964799747998479994800048001480024800348004480054800648007480084800948010480114801248013480144801548016480174801848019480204802148022480234802448025480264802748028480294803048031480324803348034480354803648037480384803948040480414804248043480444804548046480474804848049480504805148052480534805448055480564805748058480594806048061480624806348064480654806648067480684806948070480714807248073480744807548076480774807848079480804808148082480834808448085480864808748088480894809048091480924809348094480954809648097480984809948100481014810248103481044810548106481074810848109481104811148112481134811448115481164811748118481194812048121481224812348124481254812648127481284812948130481314813248133481344813548136481374813848139481404814148142481434814448145481464814748148481494815048151481524815348154481554815648157481584815948160481614816248163481644816548166481674816848169481704817148172481734817448175481764817748178481794818048181481824818348184481854818648187481884818948190481914819248193481944819548196481974819848199482004820148202482034820448205482064820748208482094821048211482124821348214482154821648217482184821948220482214822248223482244822548226482274822848229482304823148232482334823448235482364823748238482394824048241482424824348244482454824648247482484824948250482514825248253482544825548256482574825848259482604826148262482634826448265482664826748268482694827048271482724827348274482754827648277482784827948280482814828248283482844828548286482874828848289482904829148292482934829448295482964829748298482994830048301483024830348304483054830648307483084830948310483114831248313483144831548316483174831848319483204832148322483234832448325483264832748328483294833048331483324833348334483354833648337483384833948340483414834248343483444834548346483474834848349483504835148352483534835448355483564835748358483594836048361483624836348364483654836648367483684836948370483714837248373483744837548376483774837848379483804838148382483834838448385483864838748388483894839048391483924839348394483954839648397483984839948400484014840248403484044840548406484074840848409484104841148412484134841448415484164841748418484194842048421484224842348424484254842648427484284842948430484314843248433484344843548436484374843848439484404844148442484434844448445484464844748448



A B C D E F G H I J48449484504845148452484534845448455484564845748458484594846048461484624846348464484654846648467484684846948470484714847248473484744847548476484774847848479484804848148482484834848448485484864848748488484894849048491484924849348494484954849648497484984849948500485014850248503485044850548506485074850848509485104851148512485134851448515485164851748518485194852048521485224852348524485254852648527485284852948530485314853248533485344853548536485374853848539485404854148542485434854448545485464854748548485494855048551485524855348554485554855648557485584855948560485614856248563485644856548566485674856848569485704857148572485734857448575485764857748578485794858048581485824858348584485854858648587485884858948590485914859248593485944859548596485974859848599486004860148602486034860448605486064860748608486094861048611486124861348614486154861648617486184861948620486214862248623486244862548626486274862848629486304863148632486334863448635486364863748638486394864048641486424864348644486454864648647486484864948650486514865248653486544865548656486574865848659486604866148662486634866448665486664866748668486694867048671486724867348674486754867648677486784867948680486814868248683486844868548686486874868848689486904869148692486934869448695486964869748698486994870048701487024870348704487054870648707487084870948710487114871248713487144871548716487174871848719487204872148722487234872448725487264872748728487294873048731487324873348734487354873648737487384873948740487414874248743487444874548746487474874848749487504875148752487534875448755487564875748758487594876048761487624876348764487654876648767487684876948770487714877248773487744877548776487774877848779487804878148782487834878448785487864878748788487894879048791487924879348794487954879648797487984879948800488014880248803488044880548806488074880848809488104881148812488134881448815488164881748818488194882048821488224882348824488254882648827488284882948830488314883248833488344883548836488374883848839488404884148842488434884448845488464884748848488494885048851488524885348854488554885648857488584885948860488614886248863488644886548866488674886848869488704887148872488734887448875488764887748878488794888048881488824888348884488854888648887488884888948890488914889248893488944889548896488974889848899489004890148902489034890448905489064890748908489094891048911489124891348914489154891648917489184891948920489214892248923



A B C D E F G H I J48924489254892648927489284892948930489314893248933489344893548936489374893848939489404894148942489434894448945489464894748948489494895048951489524895348954489554895648957489584895948960489614896248963489644896548966489674896848969489704897148972489734897448975489764897748978489794898048981489824898348984489854898648987489884898948990489914899248993489944899548996489974899848999490004900149002490034900449005490064900749008490094901049011490124901349014490154901649017490184901949020490214902249023490244902549026490274902849029490304903149032490334903449035490364903749038490394904049041490424904349044490454904649047490484904949050490514905249053490544905549056490574905849059490604906149062490634906449065490664906749068490694907049071490724907349074490754907649077490784907949080490814908249083490844908549086490874908849089490904909149092490934909449095490964909749098490994910049101491024910349104491054910649107491084910949110491114911249113491144911549116491174911849119491204912149122491234912449125491264912749128491294913049131491324913349134491354913649137491384913949140491414914249143491444914549146491474914849149491504915149152491534915449155491564915749158491594916049161491624916349164491654916649167491684916949170491714917249173491744917549176491774917849179491804918149182491834918449185491864918749188491894919049191491924919349194491954919649197491984919949200492014920249203492044920549206492074920849209492104921149212492134921449215492164921749218492194922049221492224922349224492254922649227492284922949230492314923249233492344923549236492374923849239492404924149242492434924449245492464924749248492494925049251492524925349254492554925649257492584925949260492614926249263492644926549266492674926849269492704927149272492734927449275492764927749278492794928049281492824928349284492854928649287492884928949290492914929249293492944929549296492974929849299493004930149302493034930449305493064930749308493094931049311493124931349314493154931649317493184931949320493214932249323493244932549326493274932849329493304933149332493334933449335493364933749338493394934049341493424934349344493454934649347493484934949350493514935249353493544935549356493574935849359493604936149362493634936449365493664936749368493694937049371493724937349374493754937649377493784937949380493814938249383493844938549386493874938849389493904939149392493934939449395493964939749398



A B C D E F G H I J49399494004940149402494034940449405494064940749408494094941049411494124941349414494154941649417494184941949420494214942249423494244942549426494274942849429494304943149432494334943449435494364943749438494394944049441494424944349444494454944649447494484944949450494514945249453494544945549456494574945849459494604946149462494634946449465494664946749468494694947049471494724947349474494754947649477494784947949480494814948249483494844948549486494874948849489494904949149492494934949449495494964949749498494994950049501495024950349504495054950649507495084950949510495114951249513495144951549516495174951849519495204952149522495234952449525495264952749528495294953049531495324953349534495354953649537495384953949540495414954249543495444954549546495474954849549495504955149552495534955449555495564955749558495594956049561495624956349564495654956649567495684956949570495714957249573495744957549576495774957849579495804958149582495834958449585495864958749588495894959049591495924959349594495954959649597495984959949600496014960249603496044960549606496074960849609496104961149612496134961449615496164961749618496194962049621496224962349624496254962649627496284962949630496314963249633496344963549636496374963849639496404964149642496434964449645496464964749648496494965049651496524965349654496554965649657496584965949660496614966249663496644966549666496674966849669496704967149672496734967449675496764967749678496794968049681496824968349684496854968649687496884968949690496914969249693496944969549696496974969849699497004970149702497034970449705497064970749708497094971049711497124971349714497154971649717497184971949720497214972249723497244972549726497274972849729497304973149732497334973449735497364973749738497394974049741497424974349744497454974649747497484974949750497514975249753497544975549756497574975849759497604976149762497634976449765497664976749768497694977049771497724977349774497754977649777497784977949780497814978249783497844978549786497874978849789497904979149792497934979449795497964979749798497994980049801498024980349804498054980649807498084980949810498114981249813498144981549816498174981849819498204982149822498234982449825498264982749828498294983049831498324983349834498354983649837498384983949840498414984249843498444984549846498474984849849498504985149852498534985449855498564985749858498594986049861498624986349864498654986649867498684986949870498714987249873



A B C D E F G H I J49874498754987649877498784987949880498814988249883498844988549886498874988849889498904989149892498934989449895498964989749898498994990049901499024990349904499054990649907499084990949910499114991249913499144991549916499174991849919499204992149922499234992449925499264992749928499294993049931499324993349934499354993649937499384993949940499414994249943499444994549946499474994849949499504995149952499534995449955499564995749958499594996049961499624996349964499654996649967499684996949970499714997249973499744997549976499774997849979499804998149982499834998449985499864998749988499894999049991499924999349994499954999649997499984999950000500015000250003500045000550006500075000850009500105001150012500135001450015500165001750018500195002050021500225002350024500255002650027500285002950030500315003250033500345003550036500375003850039500405004150042500435004450045500465004750048500495005050051500525005350054500555005650057500585005950060500615006250063500645006550066500675006850069500705007150072500735007450075500765007750078500795008050081500825008350084500855008650087500885008950090500915009250093500945009550096500975009850099501005010150102501035010450105501065010750108501095011050111501125011350114501155011650117501185011950120501215012250123501245012550126501275012850129501305013150132501335013450135501365013750138501395014050141501425014350144501455014650147501485014950150501515015250153501545015550156501575015850159501605016150162501635016450165501665016750168501695017050171501725017350174501755017650177501785017950180501815018250183501845018550186501875018850189501905019150192501935019450195501965019750198501995020050201502025020350204502055020650207502085020950210502115021250213502145021550216502175021850219502205022150222502235022450225502265022750228502295023050231502325023350234502355023650237502385023950240502415024250243502445024550246502475024850249502505025150252502535025450255502565025750258502595026050261502625026350264502655026650267502685026950270502715027250273502745027550276502775027850279502805028150282502835028450285502865028750288502895029050291502925029350294502955029650297502985029950300503015030250303503045030550306503075030850309503105031150312503135031450315503165031750318503195032050321503225032350324503255032650327503285032950330503315033250333503345033550336503375033850339503405034150342503435034450345503465034750348



A B C D E F G H I J50349503505035150352503535035450355503565035750358503595036050361503625036350364503655036650367503685036950370503715037250373503745037550376503775037850379503805038150382503835038450385503865038750388503895039050391503925039350394503955039650397503985039950400504015040250403504045040550406504075040850409504105041150412504135041450415504165041750418504195042050421504225042350424504255042650427504285042950430504315043250433504345043550436504375043850439504405044150442504435044450445504465044750448504495045050451504525045350454504555045650457504585045950460504615046250463504645046550466504675046850469504705047150472504735047450475504765047750478504795048050481504825048350484504855048650487504885048950490504915049250493504945049550496504975049850499505005050150502505035050450505505065050750508505095051050511505125051350514505155051650517505185051950520505215052250523505245052550526505275052850529505305053150532505335053450535505365053750538505395054050541505425054350544505455054650547505485054950550505515055250553505545055550556505575055850559505605056150562505635056450565505665056750568505695057050571505725057350574505755057650577505785057950580505815058250583505845058550586505875058850589505905059150592505935059450595505965059750598505995060050601506025060350604506055060650607506085060950610506115061250613506145061550616506175061850619506205062150622506235062450625506265062750628506295063050631506325063350634506355063650637506385063950640506415064250643506445064550646506475064850649506505065150652506535065450655506565065750658506595066050661506625066350664506655066650667506685066950670506715067250673506745067550676506775067850679506805068150682506835068450685506865068750688506895069050691506925069350694506955069650697506985069950700507015070250703507045070550706507075070850709507105071150712507135071450715507165071750718507195072050721507225072350724507255072650727507285072950730507315073250733507345073550736507375073850739507405074150742507435074450745507465074750748507495075050751507525075350754507555075650757507585075950760507615076250763507645076550766507675076850769507705077150772507735077450775507765077750778507795078050781507825078350784507855078650787507885078950790507915079250793507945079550796507975079850799508005080150802508035080450805508065080750808508095081050811508125081350814508155081650817508185081950820508215082250823



A B C D E F G H I J50824508255082650827508285082950830508315083250833508345083550836508375083850839508405084150842508435084450845508465084750848508495085050851508525085350854508555085650857508585085950860508615086250863508645086550866508675086850869508705087150872508735087450875508765087750878508795088050881508825088350884508855088650887508885088950890508915089250893508945089550896508975089850899509005090150902509035090450905509065090750908509095091050911509125091350914509155091650917509185091950920509215092250923509245092550926509275092850929509305093150932509335093450935509365093750938509395094050941509425094350944509455094650947509485094950950509515095250953509545095550956509575095850959509605096150962509635096450965509665096750968509695097050971509725097350974509755097650977509785097950980509815098250983509845098550986509875098850989509905099150992509935099450995509965099750998509995100051001510025100351004510055100651007510085100951010510115101251013510145101551016510175101851019510205102151022510235102451025510265102751028510295103051031510325103351034510355103651037510385103951040510415104251043510445104551046510475104851049510505105151052510535105451055510565105751058510595106051061510625106351064510655106651067510685106951070510715107251073510745107551076510775107851079510805108151082510835108451085510865108751088510895109051091510925109351094510955109651097510985109951100511015110251103511045110551106511075110851109511105111151112511135111451115511165111751118511195112051121511225112351124511255112651127511285112951130511315113251133511345113551136511375113851139511405114151142511435114451145511465114751148511495115051151511525115351154511555115651157511585115951160511615116251163511645116551166511675116851169511705117151172511735117451175511765117751178511795118051181511825118351184511855118651187511885118951190511915119251193511945119551196511975119851199512005120151202512035120451205512065120751208512095121051211512125121351214512155121651217512185121951220512215122251223512245122551226512275122851229512305123151232512335123451235512365123751238512395124051241512425124351244512455124651247512485124951250512515125251253512545125551256512575125851259512605126151262512635126451265512665126751268512695127051271512725127351274512755127651277512785127951280512815128251283512845128551286512875128851289512905129151292512935129451295512965129751298



A B C D E F G H I J51299513005130151302513035130451305513065130751308513095131051311513125131351314513155131651317513185131951320513215132251323513245132551326513275132851329513305133151332513335133451335513365133751338513395134051341513425134351344513455134651347513485134951350513515135251353513545135551356513575135851359513605136151362513635136451365513665136751368513695137051371513725137351374513755137651377513785137951380513815138251383513845138551386513875138851389513905139151392513935139451395513965139751398513995140051401514025140351404514055140651407514085140951410514115141251413514145141551416514175141851419514205142151422514235142451425514265142751428514295143051431514325143351434514355143651437514385143951440514415144251443514445144551446514475144851449514505145151452514535145451455514565145751458514595146051461514625146351464514655146651467514685146951470514715147251473514745147551476514775147851479514805148151482514835148451485514865148751488514895149051491514925149351494514955149651497514985149951500515015150251503515045150551506515075150851509515105151151512515135151451515515165151751518515195152051521515225152351524515255152651527515285152951530515315153251533515345153551536515375153851539515405154151542515435154451545515465154751548515495155051551515525155351554515555155651557515585155951560515615156251563515645156551566515675156851569515705157151572515735157451575515765157751578515795158051581515825158351584515855158651587515885158951590515915159251593515945159551596515975159851599516005160151602516035160451605516065160751608516095161051611516125161351614516155161651617516185161951620516215162251623516245162551626516275162851629516305163151632516335163451635516365163751638516395164051641516425164351644516455164651647516485164951650516515165251653516545165551656516575165851659516605166151662516635166451665516665166751668516695167051671516725167351674516755167651677516785167951680516815168251683516845168551686516875168851689516905169151692516935169451695516965169751698516995170051701517025170351704517055170651707517085170951710517115171251713517145171551716517175171851719517205172151722517235172451725517265172751728517295173051731517325173351734517355173651737517385173951740517415174251743517445174551746517475174851749517505175151752517535175451755517565175751758517595176051761517625176351764517655176651767517685176951770517715177251773



A B C D E F G H I J51774517755177651777517785177951780517815178251783517845178551786517875178851789517905179151792517935179451795517965179751798517995180051801518025180351804518055180651807518085180951810518115181251813518145181551816518175181851819518205182151822518235182451825518265182751828518295183051831518325183351834518355183651837518385183951840518415184251843518445184551846518475184851849518505185151852518535185451855518565185751858518595186051861518625186351864518655186651867518685186951870518715187251873518745187551876518775187851879518805188151882518835188451885518865188751888518895189051891518925189351894518955189651897518985189951900519015190251903519045190551906519075190851909519105191151912519135191451915519165191751918519195192051921519225192351924519255192651927519285192951930519315193251933519345193551936519375193851939519405194151942519435194451945519465194751948519495195051951519525195351954519555195651957519585195951960519615196251963519645196551966519675196851969519705197151972519735197451975519765197751978519795198051981519825198351984519855198651987519885198951990519915199251993519945199551996519975199851999520005200152002520035200452005520065200752008520095201052011520125201352014520155201652017520185201952020520215202252023520245202552026520275202852029520305203152032520335203452035520365203752038520395204052041520425204352044520455204652047520485204952050520515205252053520545205552056520575205852059520605206152062520635206452065520665206752068520695207052071520725207352074520755207652077520785207952080520815208252083520845208552086520875208852089520905209152092520935209452095520965209752098520995210052101521025210352104521055210652107521085210952110521115211252113521145211552116521175211852119521205212152122521235212452125521265212752128521295213052131521325213352134521355213652137521385213952140521415214252143521445214552146521475214852149521505215152152521535215452155521565215752158521595216052161521625216352164521655216652167521685216952170521715217252173521745217552176521775217852179521805218152182521835218452185521865218752188521895219052191521925219352194521955219652197521985219952200522015220252203522045220552206522075220852209522105221152212522135221452215522165221752218522195222052221522225222352224522255222652227522285222952230522315223252233522345223552236522375223852239522405224152242522435224452245522465224752248



A B C D E F G H I J52249522505225152252522535225452255522565225752258522595226052261522625226352264522655226652267522685226952270522715227252273522745227552276522775227852279522805228152282522835228452285522865228752288522895229052291522925229352294522955229652297522985229952300523015230252303523045230552306523075230852309523105231152312523135231452315523165231752318523195232052321523225232352324523255232652327523285232952330523315233252333523345233552336523375233852339523405234152342523435234452345523465234752348523495235052351523525235352354523555235652357523585235952360523615236252363523645236552366523675236852369523705237152372523735237452375523765237752378523795238052381523825238352384523855238652387523885238952390523915239252393523945239552396523975239852399524005240152402524035240452405524065240752408524095241052411524125241352414524155241652417524185241952420524215242252423524245242552426524275242852429524305243152432524335243452435524365243752438524395244052441524425244352444524455244652447524485244952450524515245252453524545245552456524575245852459524605246152462524635246452465524665246752468524695247052471524725247352474524755247652477524785247952480524815248252483524845248552486524875248852489524905249152492524935249452495524965249752498524995250052501525025250352504525055250652507525085250952510525115251252513525145251552516525175251852519525205252152522525235252452525525265252752528525295253052531525325253352534525355253652537525385253952540525415254252543525445254552546525475254852549525505255152552525535255452555525565255752558525595256052561525625256352564525655256652567525685256952570525715257252573525745257552576525775257852579525805258152582525835258452585525865258752588525895259052591525925259352594525955259652597525985259952600526015260252603526045260552606526075260852609526105261152612526135261452615526165261752618526195262052621526225262352624526255262652627526285262952630526315263252633526345263552636526375263852639526405264152642526435264452645526465264752648526495265052651526525265352654526555265652657526585265952660526615266252663526645266552666526675266852669526705267152672526735267452675526765267752678526795268052681526825268352684526855268652687526885268952690526915269252693526945269552696526975269852699527005270152702527035270452705527065270752708527095271052711527125271352714527155271652717527185271952720527215272252723



A B C D E F G H I J52724527255272652727527285272952730527315273252733527345273552736527375273852739527405274152742527435274452745527465274752748527495275052751527525275352754527555275652757527585275952760527615276252763527645276552766527675276852769527705277152772527735277452775527765277752778527795278052781527825278352784527855278652787527885278952790527915279252793527945279552796527975279852799528005280152802528035280452805528065280752808528095281052811528125281352814528155281652817528185281952820528215282252823528245282552826528275282852829528305283152832528335283452835528365283752838528395284052841528425284352844528455284652847528485284952850528515285252853528545285552856528575285852859528605286152862528635286452865528665286752868528695287052871528725287352874528755287652877528785287952880528815288252883528845288552886528875288852889528905289152892528935289452895528965289752898528995290052901529025290352904529055290652907529085290952910529115291252913529145291552916529175291852919529205292152922529235292452925529265292752928529295293052931529325293352934529355293652937529385293952940529415294252943529445294552946529475294852949529505295152952529535295452955529565295752958529595296052961529625296352964529655296652967529685296952970529715297252973529745297552976529775297852979529805298152982529835298452985529865298752988529895299052991529925299352994529955299652997529985299953000530015300253003530045300553006530075300853009530105301153012530135301453015530165301753018530195302053021530225302353024530255302653027530285302953030530315303253033530345303553036530375303853039530405304153042530435304453045530465304753048530495305053051530525305353054530555305653057530585305953060530615306253063530645306553066530675306853069530705307153072530735307453075530765307753078530795308053081530825308353084530855308653087530885308953090530915309253093530945309553096530975309853099531005310153102531035310453105531065310753108531095311053111531125311353114531155311653117531185311953120531215312253123531245312553126531275312853129531305313153132531335313453135531365313753138531395314053141531425314353144531455314653147531485314953150531515315253153531545315553156531575315853159531605316153162531635316453165531665316753168531695317053171531725317353174531755317653177531785317953180531815318253183531845318553186531875318853189531905319153192531935319453195531965319753198



A B C D E F G H I J53199532005320153202532035320453205532065320753208532095321053211532125321353214532155321653217532185321953220532215322253223532245322553226532275322853229532305323153232532335323453235532365323753238532395324053241532425324353244532455324653247532485324953250532515325253253532545325553256532575325853259532605326153262532635326453265532665326753268532695327053271532725327353274532755327653277532785327953280532815328253283532845328553286532875328853289532905329153292532935329453295532965329753298532995330053301533025330353304533055330653307533085330953310533115331253313533145331553316533175331853319533205332153322533235332453325533265332753328533295333053331533325333353334533355333653337533385333953340533415334253343533445334553346533475334853349533505335153352533535335453355533565335753358533595336053361533625336353364533655336653367533685336953370533715337253373533745337553376533775337853379533805338153382533835338453385533865338753388533895339053391533925339353394533955339653397533985339953400534015340253403534045340553406534075340853409534105341153412534135341453415534165341753418534195342053421534225342353424534255342653427534285342953430534315343253433534345343553436534375343853439534405344153442534435344453445534465344753448534495345053451534525345353454534555345653457534585345953460534615346253463534645346553466534675346853469534705347153472534735347453475534765347753478534795348053481534825348353484534855348653487534885348953490534915349253493534945349553496534975349853499535005350153502535035350453505535065350753508535095351053511535125351353514535155351653517535185351953520535215352253523535245352553526535275352853529535305353153532535335353453535535365353753538535395354053541535425354353544535455354653547535485354953550535515355253553535545355553556535575355853559535605356153562535635356453565535665356753568535695357053571535725357353574535755357653577535785357953580535815358253583535845358553586535875358853589535905359153592535935359453595535965359753598535995360053601536025360353604536055360653607536085360953610536115361253613536145361553616536175361853619536205362153622536235362453625536265362753628536295363053631536325363353634536355363653637536385363953640536415364253643536445364553646536475364853649536505365153652536535365453655536565365753658536595366053661536625366353664536655366653667536685366953670536715367253673



A B C D E F G H I J53674536755367653677536785367953680536815368253683536845368553686536875368853689536905369153692536935369453695536965369753698536995370053701537025370353704537055370653707537085370953710537115371253713537145371553716537175371853719537205372153722537235372453725537265372753728537295373053731537325373353734537355373653737537385373953740537415374253743537445374553746537475374853749537505375153752537535375453755537565375753758537595376053761537625376353764537655376653767537685376953770537715377253773537745377553776537775377853779537805378153782537835378453785537865378753788537895379053791537925379353794537955379653797537985379953800538015380253803538045380553806538075380853809538105381153812538135381453815538165381753818538195382053821538225382353824538255382653827538285382953830538315383253833538345383553836538375383853839538405384153842538435384453845538465384753848538495385053851538525385353854538555385653857538585385953860538615386253863538645386553866538675386853869538705387153872538735387453875538765387753878538795388053881538825388353884538855388653887538885388953890538915389253893538945389553896538975389853899539005390153902539035390453905539065390753908539095391053911539125391353914539155391653917539185391953920539215392253923539245392553926539275392853929539305393153932539335393453935539365393753938539395394053941539425394353944539455394653947539485394953950539515395253953539545395553956539575395853959539605396153962539635396453965539665396753968539695397053971539725397353974539755397653977539785397953980539815398253983539845398553986539875398853989539905399153992539935399453995539965399753998539995400054001540025400354004540055400654007540085400954010540115401254013540145401554016540175401854019540205402154022540235402454025540265402754028540295403054031540325403354034540355403654037540385403954040540415404254043540445404554046540475404854049540505405154052540535405454055540565405754058540595406054061540625406354064540655406654067540685406954070540715407254073540745407554076540775407854079540805408154082540835408454085540865408754088540895409054091540925409354094540955409654097540985409954100541015410254103541045410554106541075410854109541105411154112541135411454115541165411754118541195412054121541225412354124541255412654127541285412954130541315413254133541345413554136541375413854139541405414154142541435414454145541465414754148



A B C D E F G H I J54149541505415154152541535415454155541565415754158541595416054161541625416354164541655416654167541685416954170541715417254173541745417554176541775417854179541805418154182541835418454185541865418754188541895419054191541925419354194541955419654197541985419954200542015420254203542045420554206542075420854209542105421154212542135421454215542165421754218542195422054221542225422354224542255422654227542285422954230542315423254233542345423554236542375423854239542405424154242542435424454245542465424754248542495425054251542525425354254542555425654257542585425954260542615426254263542645426554266542675426854269542705427154272542735427454275542765427754278542795428054281542825428354284542855428654287542885428954290542915429254293542945429554296542975429854299543005430154302543035430454305543065430754308543095431054311543125431354314543155431654317543185431954320543215432254323543245432554326543275432854329543305433154332543335433454335543365433754338543395434054341543425434354344543455434654347543485434954350543515435254353543545435554356543575435854359543605436154362543635436454365543665436754368543695437054371543725437354374543755437654377543785437954380543815438254383543845438554386543875438854389543905439154392543935439454395543965439754398543995440054401544025440354404544055440654407544085440954410544115441254413544145441554416544175441854419544205442154422544235442454425544265442754428544295443054431544325443354434544355443654437544385443954440544415444254443544445444554446544475444854449544505445154452544535445454455544565445754458544595446054461544625446354464544655446654467544685446954470544715447254473544745447554476544775447854479544805448154482544835448454485544865448754488544895449054491544925449354494544955449654497544985449954500545015450254503545045450554506545075450854509545105451154512545135451454515545165451754518545195452054521545225452354524545255452654527545285452954530545315453254533545345453554536545375453854539545405454154542545435454454545545465454754548545495455054551545525455354554545555455654557545585455954560545615456254563545645456554566545675456854569545705457154572545735457454575545765457754578545795458054581545825458354584545855458654587545885458954590545915459254593545945459554596545975459854599546005460154602546035460454605546065460754608546095461054611546125461354614546155461654617546185461954620546215462254623



A B C D E F G H I J54624546255462654627546285462954630546315463254633546345463554636546375463854639546405464154642546435464454645546465464754648546495465054651546525465354654546555465654657546585465954660546615466254663546645466554666546675466854669546705467154672546735467454675546765467754678546795468054681546825468354684546855468654687546885468954690546915469254693546945469554696546975469854699547005470154702547035470454705547065470754708547095471054711547125471354714547155471654717547185471954720547215472254723547245472554726547275472854729547305473154732547335473454735547365473754738547395474054741547425474354744547455474654747547485474954750547515475254753547545475554756547575475854759547605476154762547635476454765547665476754768547695477054771547725477354774547755477654777547785477954780547815478254783547845478554786547875478854789547905479154792547935479454795547965479754798547995480054801548025480354804548055480654807548085480954810548115481254813548145481554816548175481854819548205482154822548235482454825548265482754828548295483054831548325483354834548355483654837548385483954840548415484254843548445484554846548475484854849548505485154852548535485454855548565485754858548595486054861548625486354864548655486654867548685486954870548715487254873548745487554876548775487854879548805488154882548835488454885548865488754888548895489054891548925489354894548955489654897548985489954900549015490254903549045490554906549075490854909549105491154912549135491454915549165491754918549195492054921549225492354924549255492654927549285492954930549315493254933549345493554936549375493854939549405494154942549435494454945549465494754948549495495054951549525495354954549555495654957549585495954960549615496254963549645496554966549675496854969549705497154972549735497454975549765497754978549795498054981549825498354984549855498654987549885498954990549915499254993549945499554996549975499854999550005500155002550035500455005550065500755008550095501055011550125501355014550155501655017550185501955020550215502255023550245502555026550275502855029550305503155032550335503455035550365503755038550395504055041550425504355044550455504655047550485504955050550515505255053550545505555056550575505855059550605506155062550635506455065550665506755068550695507055071550725507355074550755507655077550785507955080550815508255083550845508555086550875508855089550905509155092550935509455095550965509755098



A B C D E F G H I J55099551005510155102551035510455105551065510755108551095511055111551125511355114551155511655117551185511955120551215512255123551245512555126551275512855129551305513155132551335513455135551365513755138551395514055141551425514355144551455514655147551485514955150551515515255153551545515555156551575515855159551605516155162551635516455165551665516755168551695517055171551725517355174551755517655177551785517955180551815518255183551845518555186551875518855189551905519155192551935519455195551965519755198551995520055201552025520355204552055520655207552085520955210552115521255213552145521555216552175521855219552205522155222552235522455225552265522755228552295523055231552325523355234552355523655237552385523955240552415524255243552445524555246552475524855249552505525155252552535525455255552565525755258552595526055261552625526355264552655526655267552685526955270552715527255273552745527555276552775527855279552805528155282552835528455285552865528755288552895529055291552925529355294552955529655297552985529955300553015530255303553045530555306553075530855309553105531155312553135531455315553165531755318553195532055321553225532355324553255532655327553285532955330553315533255333553345533555336553375533855339553405534155342553435534455345553465534755348553495535055351553525535355354553555535655357553585535955360553615536255363553645536555366553675536855369553705537155372553735537455375553765537755378553795538055381553825538355384553855538655387553885538955390553915539255393553945539555396553975539855399554005540155402554035540455405554065540755408554095541055411554125541355414554155541655417554185541955420554215542255423554245542555426554275542855429554305543155432554335543455435554365543755438554395544055441554425544355444554455544655447554485544955450554515545255453554545545555456554575545855459554605546155462554635546455465554665546755468554695547055471554725547355474554755547655477554785547955480554815548255483554845548555486554875548855489554905549155492554935549455495554965549755498554995550055501555025550355504555055550655507555085550955510555115551255513555145551555516555175551855519555205552155522555235552455525555265552755528555295553055531555325553355534555355553655537555385553955540555415554255543555445554555546555475554855549555505555155552555535555455555555565555755558555595556055561555625556355564555655556655567555685556955570555715557255573



A B C D E F G H I J55574555755557655577555785557955580555815558255583555845558555586555875558855589555905559155592555935559455595555965559755598555995560055601556025560355604556055560655607556085560955610556115561255613556145561555616556175561855619556205562155622556235562455625556265562755628556295563055631556325563355634556355563655637556385563955640556415564255643556445564555646556475564855649556505565155652556535565455655556565565755658556595566055661556625566355664556655566655667556685566955670556715567255673556745567555676556775567855679556805568155682556835568455685556865568755688556895569055691556925569355694556955569655697556985569955700557015570255703557045570555706557075570855709557105571155712557135571455715557165571755718557195572055721557225572355724557255572655727557285572955730557315573255733557345573555736557375573855739557405574155742557435574455745557465574755748557495575055751557525575355754557555575655757557585575955760557615576255763557645576555766557675576855769557705577155772557735577455775557765577755778557795578055781557825578355784557855578655787557885578955790557915579255793557945579555796557975579855799558005580155802558035580455805558065580755808558095581055811558125581355814558155581655817558185581955820558215582255823558245582555826558275582855829558305583155832558335583455835558365583755838558395584055841558425584355844558455584655847558485584955850558515585255853558545585555856558575585855859558605586155862558635586455865558665586755868558695587055871558725587355874558755587655877558785587955880558815588255883558845588555886558875588855889558905589155892558935589455895558965589755898558995590055901559025590355904559055590655907559085590955910559115591255913559145591555916559175591855919559205592155922559235592455925559265592755928559295593055931559325593355934559355593655937559385593955940559415594255943559445594555946559475594855949559505595155952559535595455955559565595755958559595596055961559625596355964559655596655967559685596955970559715597255973559745597555976559775597855979559805598155982559835598455985559865598755988559895599055991559925599355994559955599655997559985599956000560015600256003560045600556006560075600856009560105601156012560135601456015560165601756018560195602056021560225602356024560255602656027560285602956030560315603256033560345603556036560375603856039560405604156042560435604456045560465604756048



A B C D E F G H I J56049560505605156052560535605456055560565605756058560595606056061560625606356064560655606656067560685606956070560715607256073560745607556076560775607856079560805608156082560835608456085560865608756088560895609056091560925609356094560955609656097560985609956100561015610256103561045610556106561075610856109561105611156112561135611456115561165611756118561195612056121561225612356124561255612656127561285612956130561315613256133561345613556136561375613856139561405614156142561435614456145561465614756148561495615056151561525615356154561555615656157561585615956160561615616256163561645616556166561675616856169561705617156172561735617456175561765617756178561795618056181561825618356184561855618656187561885618956190561915619256193561945619556196561975619856199562005620156202562035620456205562065620756208562095621056211562125621356214562155621656217562185621956220562215622256223562245622556226562275622856229562305623156232562335623456235562365623756238562395624056241562425624356244562455624656247562485624956250562515625256253562545625556256562575625856259562605626156262562635626456265562665626756268562695627056271562725627356274562755627656277562785627956280562815628256283562845628556286562875628856289562905629156292562935629456295562965629756298562995630056301563025630356304563055630656307563085630956310563115631256313563145631556316563175631856319563205632156322563235632456325563265632756328563295633056331563325633356334563355633656337563385633956340563415634256343563445634556346563475634856349563505635156352563535635456355563565635756358563595636056361563625636356364563655636656367563685636956370563715637256373563745637556376563775637856379563805638156382563835638456385563865638756388563895639056391563925639356394563955639656397563985639956400564015640256403564045640556406564075640856409564105641156412564135641456415564165641756418564195642056421564225642356424564255642656427564285642956430564315643256433564345643556436564375643856439564405644156442564435644456445564465644756448564495645056451564525645356454564555645656457564585645956460564615646256463564645646556466564675646856469564705647156472564735647456475564765647756478564795648056481564825648356484564855648656487564885648956490564915649256493564945649556496564975649856499565005650156502565035650456505565065650756508565095651056511565125651356514565155651656517565185651956520565215652256523



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



A B C D E F G H I J56999570005700157002570035700457005570065700757008570095701057011570125701357014570155701657017570185701957020570215702257023570245702557026570275702857029570305703157032570335703457035570365703757038570395704057041570425704357044570455704657047570485704957050570515705257053570545705557056570575705857059570605706157062570635706457065570665706757068570695707057071570725707357074570755707657077570785707957080570815708257083570845708557086570875708857089570905709157092570935709457095570965709757098570995710057101571025710357104571055710657107571085710957110571115711257113571145711557116571175711857119571205712157122571235712457125571265712757128571295713057131571325713357134571355713657137571385713957140571415714257143571445714557146571475714857149571505715157152571535715457155571565715757158571595716057161571625716357164571655716657167571685716957170571715717257173571745717557176571775717857179571805718157182571835718457185571865718757188571895719057191571925719357194571955719657197571985719957200572015720257203572045720557206572075720857209572105721157212572135721457215572165721757218572195722057221572225722357224572255722657227572285722957230572315723257233572345723557236572375723857239572405724157242572435724457245572465724757248572495725057251572525725357254572555725657257572585725957260572615726257263572645726557266572675726857269572705727157272572735727457275572765727757278572795728057281572825728357284572855728657287572885728957290572915729257293572945729557296572975729857299573005730157302573035730457305573065730757308573095731057311573125731357314573155731657317573185731957320573215732257323573245732557326573275732857329573305733157332573335733457335573365733757338573395734057341573425734357344573455734657347573485734957350573515735257353573545735557356573575735857359573605736157362573635736457365573665736757368573695737057371573725737357374573755737657377573785737957380573815738257383573845738557386573875738857389573905739157392573935739457395573965739757398573995740057401574025740357404574055740657407574085740957410574115741257413574145741557416574175741857419574205742157422574235742457425574265742757428574295743057431574325743357434574355743657437574385743957440574415744257443574445744557446574475744857449574505745157452574535745457455574565745757458574595746057461574625746357464574655746657467574685746957470574715747257473



A B C D E F G H I J57474574755747657477574785747957480574815748257483574845748557486574875748857489574905749157492574935749457495574965749757498574995750057501575025750357504575055750657507575085750957510575115751257513575145751557516575175751857519575205752157522575235752457525575265752757528575295753057531575325753357534575355753657537575385753957540575415754257543575445754557546575475754857549575505755157552575535755457555575565755757558575595756057561575625756357564575655756657567575685756957570575715757257573575745757557576575775757857579575805758157582575835758457585575865758757588575895759057591575925759357594575955759657597575985759957600576015760257603576045760557606576075760857609576105761157612576135761457615576165761757618576195762057621576225762357624576255762657627576285762957630576315763257633576345763557636576375763857639576405764157642576435764457645576465764757648576495765057651576525765357654576555765657657576585765957660576615766257663576645766557666576675766857669576705767157672576735767457675576765767757678576795768057681576825768357684576855768657687576885768957690576915769257693576945769557696576975769857699577005770157702577035770457705577065770757708577095771057711577125771357714577155771657717577185771957720577215772257723577245772557726577275772857729577305773157732577335773457735577365773757738577395774057741577425774357744577455774657747577485774957750577515775257753577545775557756577575775857759577605776157762577635776457765577665776757768577695777057771577725777357774577755777657777577785777957780577815778257783577845778557786577875778857789577905779157792577935779457795577965779757798577995780057801578025780357804578055780657807578085780957810578115781257813578145781557816578175781857819578205782157822578235782457825578265782757828578295783057831578325783357834578355783657837578385783957840578415784257843578445784557846578475784857849578505785157852578535785457855578565785757858578595786057861578625786357864578655786657867578685786957870578715787257873578745787557876578775787857879578805788157882578835788457885578865788757888578895789057891578925789357894578955789657897578985789957900579015790257903579045790557906579075790857909579105791157912579135791457915579165791757918579195792057921579225792357924579255792657927579285792957930579315793257933579345793557936579375793857939579405794157942579435794457945579465794757948



A B C D E F G H I J57949579505795157952579535795457955579565795757958579595796057961579625796357964579655796657967579685796957970579715797257973579745797557976579775797857979579805798157982579835798457985579865798757988579895799057991579925799357994579955799657997579985799958000580015800258003580045800558006580075800858009580105801158012580135801458015580165801758018580195802058021580225802358024580255802658027580285802958030580315803258033580345803558036580375803858039580405804158042580435804458045580465804758048580495805058051580525805358054580555805658057580585805958060580615806258063580645806558066580675806858069580705807158072580735807458075580765807758078580795808058081580825808358084580855808658087580885808958090580915809258093580945809558096580975809858099581005810158102581035810458105581065810758108581095811058111581125811358114581155811658117581185811958120581215812258123581245812558126581275812858129581305813158132581335813458135581365813758138581395814058141581425814358144581455814658147581485814958150581515815258153581545815558156581575815858159581605816158162581635816458165581665816758168581695817058171581725817358174581755817658177581785817958180581815818258183581845818558186581875818858189581905819158192581935819458195581965819758198581995820058201582025820358204582055820658207582085820958210582115821258213582145821558216582175821858219582205822158222582235822458225582265822758228582295823058231582325823358234582355823658237582385823958240582415824258243582445824558246582475824858249582505825158252582535825458255582565825758258582595826058261582625826358264582655826658267582685826958270582715827258273582745827558276582775827858279582805828158282582835828458285582865828758288582895829058291582925829358294582955829658297582985829958300583015830258303583045830558306583075830858309583105831158312583135831458315583165831758318583195832058321583225832358324583255832658327583285832958330583315833258333583345833558336583375833858339583405834158342583435834458345583465834758348583495835058351583525835358354583555835658357583585835958360583615836258363583645836558366583675836858369583705837158372583735837458375583765837758378583795838058381583825838358384583855838658387583885838958390583915839258393583945839558396583975839858399584005840158402584035840458405584065840758408584095841058411584125841358414584155841658417584185841958420584215842258423



A B C D E F G H I J58424584255842658427584285842958430584315843258433584345843558436584375843858439584405844158442584435844458445584465844758448584495845058451584525845358454584555845658457584585845958460584615846258463584645846558466584675846858469584705847158472584735847458475584765847758478584795848058481584825848358484584855848658487584885848958490584915849258493584945849558496584975849858499585005850158502585035850458505585065850758508585095851058511585125851358514585155851658517585185851958520585215852258523585245852558526585275852858529585305853158532585335853458535585365853758538585395854058541585425854358544585455854658547585485854958550585515855258553585545855558556585575855858559585605856158562585635856458565585665856758568585695857058571585725857358574585755857658577585785857958580585815858258583585845858558586585875858858589585905859158592585935859458595585965859758598585995860058601586025860358604586055860658607586085860958610586115861258613586145861558616586175861858619586205862158622586235862458625586265862758628586295863058631586325863358634586355863658637586385863958640586415864258643586445864558646586475864858649586505865158652586535865458655586565865758658586595866058661586625866358664586655866658667586685866958670586715867258673586745867558676586775867858679586805868158682586835868458685586865868758688586895869058691586925869358694586955869658697586985869958700587015870258703587045870558706587075870858709587105871158712587135871458715587165871758718587195872058721587225872358724587255872658727587285872958730587315873258733587345873558736587375873858739587405874158742587435874458745587465874758748587495875058751587525875358754587555875658757587585875958760587615876258763587645876558766587675876858769587705877158772587735877458775587765877758778587795878058781587825878358784587855878658787587885878958790587915879258793587945879558796587975879858799588005880158802588035880458805588065880758808588095881058811588125881358814588155881658817588185881958820588215882258823588245882558826588275882858829588305883158832588335883458835588365883758838588395884058841588425884358844588455884658847588485884958850588515885258853588545885558856588575885858859588605886158862588635886458865588665886758868588695887058871588725887358874588755887658877588785887958880588815888258883588845888558886588875888858889588905889158892588935889458895588965889758898



A B C D E F G H I J58899589005890158902589035890458905589065890758908589095891058911589125891358914589155891658917589185891958920589215892258923589245892558926589275892858929589305893158932589335893458935589365893758938589395894058941589425894358944589455894658947589485894958950589515895258953589545895558956589575895858959589605896158962589635896458965589665896758968589695897058971589725897358974589755897658977589785897958980589815898258983589845898558986589875898858989589905899158992589935899458995589965899758998589995900059001590025900359004590055900659007590085900959010590115901259013590145901559016590175901859019590205902159022590235902459025590265902759028590295903059031590325903359034590355903659037590385903959040590415904259043590445904559046590475904859049590505905159052590535905459055590565905759058590595906059061590625906359064590655906659067590685906959070590715907259073590745907559076590775907859079590805908159082590835908459085590865908759088590895909059091590925909359094590955909659097590985909959100591015910259103591045910559106591075910859109591105911159112591135911459115591165911759118591195912059121591225912359124591255912659127591285912959130591315913259133591345913559136591375913859139591405914159142591435914459145591465914759148591495915059151591525915359154591555915659157591585915959160591615916259163591645916559166591675916859169591705917159172591735917459175591765917759178591795918059181591825918359184591855918659187591885918959190591915919259193591945919559196591975919859199592005920159202592035920459205592065920759208592095921059211592125921359214592155921659217592185921959220592215922259223592245922559226592275922859229592305923159232592335923459235592365923759238592395924059241592425924359244592455924659247592485924959250592515925259253592545925559256592575925859259592605926159262592635926459265592665926759268592695927059271592725927359274592755927659277592785927959280592815928259283592845928559286592875928859289592905929159292592935929459295592965929759298592995930059301593025930359304593055930659307593085930959310593115931259313593145931559316593175931859319593205932159322593235932459325593265932759328593295933059331593325933359334593355933659337593385933959340593415934259343593445934559346593475934859349593505935159352593535935459355593565935759358593595936059361593625936359364593655936659367593685936959370593715937259373



A B C D E F G H I J59374593755937659377593785937959380593815938259383593845938559386593875938859389593905939159392593935939459395593965939759398593995940059401594025940359404594055940659407594085940959410594115941259413594145941559416594175941859419594205942159422594235942459425594265942759428594295943059431594325943359434594355943659437594385943959440594415944259443594445944559446594475944859449594505945159452594535945459455594565945759458594595946059461594625946359464594655946659467594685946959470594715947259473594745947559476594775947859479594805948159482594835948459485594865948759488594895949059491594925949359494594955949659497594985949959500595015950259503595045950559506595075950859509595105951159512595135951459515595165951759518595195952059521595225952359524595255952659527595285952959530595315953259533595345953559536595375953859539595405954159542595435954459545595465954759548595495955059551595525955359554595555955659557595585955959560595615956259563595645956559566595675956859569595705957159572595735957459575595765957759578595795958059581595825958359584595855958659587595885958959590595915959259593595945959559596595975959859599596005960159602596035960459605596065960759608596095961059611596125961359614596155961659617596185961959620596215962259623596245962559626596275962859629596305963159632596335963459635596365963759638596395964059641596425964359644596455964659647596485964959650596515965259653596545965559656596575965859659596605966159662596635966459665596665966759668596695967059671596725967359674596755967659677596785967959680596815968259683596845968559686596875968859689596905969159692596935969459695596965969759698596995970059701597025970359704597055970659707597085970959710597115971259713597145971559716597175971859719597205972159722597235972459725597265972759728597295973059731597325973359734597355973659737597385973959740597415974259743597445974559746597475974859749597505975159752597535975459755597565975759758597595976059761597625976359764597655976659767597685976959770597715977259773597745977559776597775977859779597805978159782597835978459785597865978759788597895979059791597925979359794597955979659797597985979959800598015980259803598045980559806598075980859809598105981159812598135981459815598165981759818598195982059821598225982359824598255982659827598285982959830598315983259833598345983559836598375983859839598405984159842598435984459845598465984759848



A B C D E F G H I J59849598505985159852598535985459855598565985759858598595986059861598625986359864598655986659867598685986959870598715987259873598745987559876598775987859879598805988159882598835988459885598865988759888598895989059891598925989359894598955989659897598985989959900599015990259903599045990559906599075990859909599105991159912599135991459915599165991759918599195992059921599225992359924599255992659927599285992959930599315993259933599345993559936599375993859939599405994159942599435994459945599465994759948599495995059951599525995359954599555995659957599585995959960599615996259963599645996559966599675996859969599705997159972599735997459975599765997759978599795998059981599825998359984599855998659987599885998959990599915999259993599945999559996599975999859999600006000160002600036000460005600066000760008600096001060011600126001360014600156001660017600186001960020600216002260023600246002560026600276002860029600306003160032600336003460035600366003760038600396004060041600426004360044600456004660047600486004960050600516005260053600546005560056600576005860059600606006160062600636006460065600666006760068600696007060071600726007360074600756007660077600786007960080600816008260083600846008560086600876008860089600906009160092600936009460095600966009760098600996010060101601026010360104601056010660107601086010960110601116011260113601146011560116601176011860119601206012160122601236012460125601266012760128601296013060131601326013360134601356013660137601386013960140601416014260143601446014560146601476014860149601506015160152601536015460155601566015760158601596016060161601626016360164601656016660167601686016960170601716017260173601746017560176601776017860179601806018160182601836018460185601866018760188601896019060191601926019360194601956019660197601986019960200602016020260203602046020560206602076020860209602106021160212602136021460215602166021760218602196022060221602226022360224602256022660227602286022960230602316023260233602346023560236602376023860239602406024160242602436024460245602466024760248602496025060251602526025360254602556025660257602586025960260602616026260263602646026560266602676026860269602706027160272602736027460275602766027760278602796028060281602826028360284602856028660287602886028960290602916029260293602946029560296602976029860299603006030160302603036030460305603066030760308603096031060311603126031360314603156031660317603186031960320603216032260323



A B C D E F G H I J60324603256032660327603286032960330603316033260333603346033560336603376033860339603406034160342603436034460345603466034760348603496035060351603526035360354603556035660357603586035960360603616036260363603646036560366603676036860369603706037160372603736037460375603766037760378603796038060381603826038360384603856038660387603886038960390603916039260393603946039560396603976039860399604006040160402604036040460405604066040760408604096041060411604126041360414604156041660417604186041960420604216042260423604246042560426604276042860429604306043160432604336043460435604366043760438604396044060441604426044360444604456044660447604486044960450604516045260453604546045560456604576045860459604606046160462604636046460465604666046760468604696047060471604726047360474604756047660477604786047960480604816048260483604846048560486604876048860489604906049160492604936049460495604966049760498604996050060501605026050360504605056050660507605086050960510605116051260513605146051560516605176051860519605206052160522605236052460525605266052760528605296053060531605326053360534605356053660537605386053960540605416054260543605446054560546605476054860549605506055160552605536055460555605566055760558605596056060561605626056360564605656056660567605686056960570605716057260573605746057560576605776057860579605806058160582605836058460585605866058760588605896059060591605926059360594605956059660597605986059960600606016060260603606046060560606606076060860609606106061160612606136061460615606166061760618606196062060621606226062360624606256062660627606286062960630606316063260633606346063560636606376063860639606406064160642606436064460645606466064760648606496065060651606526065360654606556065660657606586065960660606616066260663606646066560666606676066860669606706067160672606736067460675606766067760678606796068060681606826068360684606856068660687606886068960690606916069260693606946069560696606976069860699607006070160702607036070460705607066070760708607096071060711607126071360714607156071660717607186071960720607216072260723607246072560726607276072860729607306073160732607336073460735607366073760738607396074060741607426074360744607456074660747607486074960750607516075260753607546075560756607576075860759607606076160762607636076460765607666076760768607696077060771607726077360774607756077660777607786077960780607816078260783607846078560786607876078860789607906079160792607936079460795607966079760798



A B C D E F G H I J60799608006080160802608036080460805608066080760808608096081060811608126081360814608156081660817608186081960820608216082260823608246082560826608276082860829608306083160832608336083460835608366083760838608396084060841608426084360844608456084660847608486084960850608516085260853608546085560856608576085860859608606086160862608636086460865608666086760868608696087060871608726087360874608756087660877608786087960880608816088260883608846088560886608876088860889608906089160892608936089460895608966089760898608996090060901609026090360904609056090660907609086090960910609116091260913609146091560916609176091860919609206092160922609236092460925609266092760928609296093060931609326093360934609356093660937609386093960940609416094260943609446094560946609476094860949609506095160952609536095460955609566095760958609596096060961609626096360964609656096660967609686096960970609716097260973609746097560976609776097860979609806098160982609836098460985609866098760988609896099060991609926099360994609956099660997609986099961000610016100261003610046100561006610076100861009610106101161012610136101461015610166101761018610196102061021610226102361024610256102661027610286102961030610316103261033610346103561036610376103861039610406104161042610436104461045610466104761048610496105061051610526105361054610556105661057610586105961060610616106261063610646106561066610676106861069610706107161072610736107461075610766107761078610796108061081610826108361084610856108661087610886108961090610916109261093610946109561096610976109861099611006110161102611036110461105611066110761108611096111061111611126111361114611156111661117611186111961120611216112261123611246112561126611276112861129611306113161132611336113461135611366113761138611396114061141611426114361144611456114661147611486114961150611516115261153611546115561156611576115861159611606116161162611636116461165611666116761168611696117061171611726117361174611756117661177611786117961180611816118261183611846118561186611876118861189611906119161192611936119461195611966119761198611996120061201612026120361204612056120661207612086120961210612116121261213612146121561216612176121861219612206122161222612236122461225612266122761228612296123061231612326123361234612356123661237612386123961240612416124261243612446124561246612476124861249612506125161252612536125461255612566125761258612596126061261612626126361264612656126661267612686126961270612716127261273



A B C D E F G H I J61274612756127661277612786127961280612816128261283612846128561286612876128861289612906129161292612936129461295612966129761298612996130061301613026130361304613056130661307613086130961310613116131261313613146131561316613176131861319613206132161322613236132461325613266132761328613296133061331613326133361334613356133661337613386133961340613416134261343613446134561346613476134861349613506135161352613536135461355613566135761358613596136061361613626136361364613656136661367613686136961370613716137261373613746137561376613776137861379613806138161382613836138461385613866138761388613896139061391613926139361394613956139661397613986139961400614016140261403614046140561406614076140861409614106141161412614136141461415614166141761418614196142061421614226142361424614256142661427614286142961430614316143261433614346143561436614376143861439614406144161442614436144461445614466144761448614496145061451614526145361454614556145661457614586145961460614616146261463614646146561466614676146861469614706147161472614736147461475614766147761478614796148061481614826148361484614856148661487614886148961490614916149261493614946149561496614976149861499615006150161502615036150461505615066150761508615096151061511615126151361514615156151661517615186151961520615216152261523615246152561526615276152861529615306153161532615336153461535615366153761538615396154061541615426154361544615456154661547615486154961550615516155261553615546155561556615576155861559615606156161562615636156461565615666156761568615696157061571615726157361574615756157661577615786157961580615816158261583615846158561586615876158861589615906159161592615936159461595615966159761598615996160061601616026160361604616056160661607616086160961610616116161261613616146161561616616176161861619616206162161622616236162461625616266162761628616296163061631616326163361634616356163661637616386163961640616416164261643616446164561646616476164861649616506165161652616536165461655616566165761658616596166061661616626166361664616656166661667616686166961670616716167261673616746167561676616776167861679616806168161682616836168461685616866168761688616896169061691616926169361694616956169661697616986169961700617016170261703617046170561706617076170861709617106171161712617136171461715617166171761718617196172061721617226172361724617256172661727617286172961730617316173261733617346173561736617376173861739617406174161742617436174461745617466174761748



A B C D E F G H I J61749617506175161752617536175461755617566175761758617596176061761617626176361764617656176661767617686176961770617716177261773617746177561776617776177861779617806178161782617836178461785617866178761788617896179061791617926179361794617956179661797617986179961800618016180261803618046180561806618076180861809618106181161812618136181461815618166181761818618196182061821618226182361824618256182661827618286182961830618316183261833618346183561836618376183861839618406184161842618436184461845618466184761848618496185061851618526185361854618556185661857618586185961860618616186261863618646186561866618676186861869618706187161872618736187461875618766187761878618796188061881618826188361884618856188661887618886188961890618916189261893618946189561896618976189861899619006190161902619036190461905619066190761908619096191061911619126191361914619156191661917619186191961920619216192261923619246192561926619276192861929619306193161932619336193461935619366193761938619396194061941619426194361944619456194661947619486194961950619516195261953619546195561956619576195861959619606196161962619636196461965619666196761968619696197061971619726197361974619756197661977619786197961980619816198261983619846198561986619876198861989619906199161992619936199461995619966199761998619996200062001620026200362004620056200662007620086200962010620116201262013620146201562016620176201862019620206202162022620236202462025620266202762028620296203062031620326203362034620356203662037620386203962040620416204262043620446204562046620476204862049620506205162052620536205462055620566205762058620596206062061620626206362064620656206662067620686206962070620716207262073620746207562076620776207862079620806208162082620836208462085620866208762088620896209062091620926209362094620956209662097620986209962100621016210262103621046210562106621076210862109621106211162112621136211462115621166211762118621196212062121621226212362124621256212662127621286212962130621316213262133621346213562136621376213862139621406214162142621436214462145621466214762148621496215062151621526215362154621556215662157621586215962160621616216262163621646216562166621676216862169621706217162172621736217462175621766217762178621796218062181621826218362184621856218662187621886218962190621916219262193621946219562196621976219862199622006220162202622036220462205622066220762208622096221062211622126221362214622156221662217622186221962220622216222262223



A B C D E F G H I J62224622256222662227622286222962230622316223262233622346223562236622376223862239622406224162242622436224462245622466224762248622496225062251622526225362254622556225662257622586225962260622616226262263622646226562266622676226862269622706227162272622736227462275622766227762278622796228062281622826228362284622856228662287622886228962290622916229262293622946229562296622976229862299623006230162302623036230462305623066230762308623096231062311623126231362314623156231662317623186231962320623216232262323623246232562326623276232862329623306233162332623336233462335623366233762338623396234062341623426234362344623456234662347623486234962350623516235262353623546235562356623576235862359623606236162362623636236462365623666236762368623696237062371623726237362374623756237662377623786237962380623816238262383623846238562386623876238862389623906239162392623936239462395623966239762398623996240062401624026240362404624056240662407624086240962410624116241262413624146241562416624176241862419624206242162422624236242462425624266242762428624296243062431624326243362434624356243662437624386243962440624416244262443624446244562446624476244862449624506245162452624536245462455624566245762458624596246062461624626246362464624656246662467624686246962470624716247262473624746247562476624776247862479624806248162482624836248462485624866248762488624896249062491624926249362494624956249662497624986249962500625016250262503625046250562506625076250862509625106251162512625136251462515625166251762518625196252062521625226252362524625256252662527625286252962530625316253262533625346253562536625376253862539625406254162542625436254462545625466254762548625496255062551625526255362554625556255662557625586255962560625616256262563625646256562566625676256862569625706257162572625736257462575625766257762578625796258062581625826258362584625856258662587625886258962590625916259262593625946259562596625976259862599626006260162602626036260462605626066260762608626096261062611626126261362614626156261662617626186261962620626216262262623626246262562626626276262862629626306263162632626336263462635626366263762638626396264062641626426264362644626456264662647626486264962650626516265262653626546265562656626576265862659626606266162662626636266462665626666266762668626696267062671626726267362674626756267662677626786267962680626816268262683626846268562686626876268862689626906269162692626936269462695626966269762698



A B C D E F G H I J62699627006270162702627036270462705627066270762708627096271062711627126271362714627156271662717627186271962720627216272262723627246272562726627276272862729627306273162732627336273462735627366273762738627396274062741627426274362744627456274662747627486274962750627516275262753627546275562756627576275862759627606276162762627636276462765627666276762768627696277062771627726277362774627756277662777627786277962780627816278262783627846278562786627876278862789627906279162792627936279462795627966279762798627996280062801628026280362804628056280662807628086280962810628116281262813628146281562816628176281862819628206282162822628236282462825628266282762828628296283062831628326283362834628356283662837628386283962840628416284262843628446284562846628476284862849628506285162852628536285462855628566285762858628596286062861628626286362864628656286662867628686286962870628716287262873628746287562876628776287862879628806288162882628836288462885628866288762888628896289062891628926289362894628956289662897628986289962900629016290262903629046290562906629076290862909629106291162912629136291462915629166291762918629196292062921629226292362924629256292662927629286292962930629316293262933629346293562936629376293862939629406294162942629436294462945629466294762948629496295062951629526295362954629556295662957629586295962960629616296262963629646296562966629676296862969629706297162972629736297462975629766297762978629796298062981629826298362984629856298662987629886298962990629916299262993629946299562996629976299862999630006300163002630036300463005630066300763008630096301063011630126301363014630156301663017630186301963020630216302263023630246302563026630276302863029630306303163032630336303463035630366303763038630396304063041630426304363044630456304663047630486304963050630516305263053630546305563056630576305863059630606306163062630636306463065630666306763068630696307063071630726307363074630756307663077630786307963080630816308263083630846308563086630876308863089630906309163092630936309463095630966309763098630996310063101631026310363104631056310663107631086310963110631116311263113631146311563116631176311863119631206312163122631236312463125631266312763128631296313063131631326313363134631356313663137631386313963140631416314263143631446314563146631476314863149631506315163152631536315463155631566315763158631596316063161631626316363164631656316663167631686316963170631716317263173



A B C D E F G H I J63174631756317663177631786317963180631816318263183631846318563186631876318863189631906319163192631936319463195631966319763198631996320063201632026320363204632056320663207632086320963210632116321263213632146321563216632176321863219632206322163222632236322463225632266322763228632296323063231632326323363234632356323663237632386323963240632416324263243632446324563246632476324863249632506325163252632536325463255632566325763258632596326063261632626326363264632656326663267632686326963270632716327263273632746327563276632776327863279632806328163282632836328463285632866328763288632896329063291632926329363294632956329663297632986329963300633016330263303633046330563306633076330863309633106331163312633136331463315633166331763318633196332063321633226332363324633256332663327633286332963330633316333263333633346333563336633376333863339633406334163342633436334463345633466334763348633496335063351633526335363354633556335663357633586335963360633616336263363633646336563366633676336863369633706337163372633736337463375633766337763378633796338063381633826338363384633856338663387633886338963390633916339263393633946339563396633976339863399634006340163402634036340463405634066340763408634096341063411634126341363414634156341663417634186341963420634216342263423634246342563426634276342863429634306343163432634336343463435634366343763438634396344063441634426344363444634456344663447634486344963450634516345263453634546345563456634576345863459634606346163462634636346463465634666346763468634696347063471634726347363474634756347663477634786347963480634816348263483634846348563486634876348863489634906349163492634936349463495634966349763498634996350063501635026350363504635056350663507635086350963510635116351263513635146351563516635176351863519635206352163522635236352463525635266352763528635296353063531635326353363534635356353663537635386353963540635416354263543635446354563546635476354863549635506355163552635536355463555635566355763558635596356063561635626356363564635656356663567635686356963570635716357263573635746357563576635776357863579635806358163582635836358463585635866358763588635896359063591635926359363594635956359663597635986359963600636016360263603636046360563606636076360863609636106361163612636136361463615636166361763618636196362063621636226362363624636256362663627636286362963630636316363263633636346363563636636376363863639636406364163642636436364463645636466364763648



A B C D E F G H I J63649636506365163652636536365463655636566365763658636596366063661636626366363664636656366663667636686366963670636716367263673636746367563676636776367863679636806368163682636836368463685636866368763688636896369063691636926369363694636956369663697636986369963700637016370263703637046370563706637076370863709637106371163712637136371463715637166371763718637196372063721637226372363724637256372663727637286372963730637316373263733637346373563736637376373863739637406374163742637436374463745637466374763748637496375063751637526375363754637556375663757637586375963760637616376263763637646376563766637676376863769637706377163772637736377463775637766377763778637796378063781637826378363784637856378663787637886378963790637916379263793637946379563796637976379863799638006380163802638036380463805638066380763808638096381063811638126381363814638156381663817638186381963820638216382263823638246382563826638276382863829638306383163832638336383463835638366383763838638396384063841638426384363844638456384663847638486384963850638516385263853638546385563856638576385863859638606386163862638636386463865638666386763868638696387063871638726387363874638756387663877638786387963880638816388263883638846388563886638876388863889638906389163892638936389463895638966389763898638996390063901639026390363904639056390663907639086390963910639116391263913639146391563916639176391863919639206392163922639236392463925639266392763928639296393063931639326393363934639356393663937639386393963940639416394263943639446394563946639476394863949639506395163952639536395463955639566395763958639596396063961639626396363964639656396663967639686396963970639716397263973639746397563976639776397863979639806398163982639836398463985639866398763988639896399063991639926399363994639956399663997639986399964000640016400264003640046400564006640076400864009640106401164012640136401464015640166401764018640196402064021640226402364024640256402664027640286402964030640316403264033640346403564036640376403864039640406404164042640436404464045640466404764048640496405064051640526405364054640556405664057640586405964060640616406264063640646406564066640676406864069640706407164072640736407464075640766407764078640796408064081640826408364084640856408664087640886408964090640916409264093640946409564096640976409864099641006410164102641036410464105641066410764108641096411064111641126411364114641156411664117641186411964120641216412264123



A B C D E F G H I J64124641256412664127641286412964130641316413264133641346413564136641376413864139641406414164142641436414464145641466414764148641496415064151641526415364154641556415664157641586415964160641616416264163641646416564166641676416864169641706417164172641736417464175641766417764178641796418064181641826418364184641856418664187641886418964190641916419264193641946419564196641976419864199642006420164202642036420464205642066420764208642096421064211642126421364214642156421664217642186421964220642216422264223642246422564226642276422864229642306423164232642336423464235642366423764238642396424064241642426424364244642456424664247642486424964250642516425264253642546425564256642576425864259642606426164262642636426464265642666426764268642696427064271642726427364274642756427664277642786427964280642816428264283642846428564286642876428864289642906429164292642936429464295642966429764298642996430064301643026430364304643056430664307643086430964310643116431264313643146431564316643176431864319643206432164322643236432464325643266432764328643296433064331643326433364334643356433664337643386433964340643416434264343643446434564346643476434864349643506435164352643536435464355643566435764358643596436064361643626436364364643656436664367643686436964370643716437264373643746437564376643776437864379643806438164382643836438464385643866438764388643896439064391643926439364394643956439664397643986439964400644016440264403644046440564406644076440864409644106441164412644136441464415644166441764418644196442064421644226442364424644256442664427644286442964430644316443264433644346443564436644376443864439644406444164442644436444464445644466444764448644496445064451644526445364454644556445664457644586445964460644616446264463644646446564466644676446864469644706447164472644736447464475644766447764478644796448064481644826448364484644856448664487644886448964490644916449264493644946449564496644976449864499645006450164502645036450464505645066450764508645096451064511645126451364514645156451664517645186451964520645216452264523645246452564526645276452864529645306453164532645336453464535645366453764538645396454064541645426454364544645456454664547645486454964550645516455264553645546455564556645576455864559645606456164562645636456464565645666456764568645696457064571645726457364574645756457664577645786457964580645816458264583645846458564586645876458864589645906459164592645936459464595645966459764598



A B C D E F G H I J64599646006460164602646036460464605646066460764608646096461064611646126461364614646156461664617646186461964620646216462264623646246462564626646276462864629646306463164632646336463464635646366463764638646396464064641646426464364644646456464664647646486464964650646516465264653646546465564656646576465864659646606466164662646636466464665646666466764668646696467064671646726467364674646756467664677646786467964680646816468264683646846468564686646876468864689646906469164692646936469464695646966469764698646996470064701647026470364704647056470664707647086470964710647116471264713647146471564716647176471864719647206472164722647236472464725647266472764728647296473064731647326473364734647356473664737647386473964740647416474264743647446474564746647476474864749647506475164752647536475464755647566475764758647596476064761647626476364764647656476664767647686476964770647716477264773647746477564776647776477864779647806478164782647836478464785647866478764788647896479064791647926479364794647956479664797647986479964800648016480264803648046480564806648076480864809648106481164812648136481464815648166481764818648196482064821648226482364824648256482664827648286482964830648316483264833648346483564836648376483864839648406484164842648436484464845648466484764848648496485064851648526485364854648556485664857648586485964860648616486264863648646486564866648676486864869648706487164872648736487464875648766487764878648796488064881648826488364884648856488664887648886488964890648916489264893648946489564896648976489864899649006490164902649036490464905649066490764908649096491064911649126491364914649156491664917649186491964920649216492264923649246492564926649276492864929649306493164932649336493464935649366493764938649396494064941649426494364944649456494664947649486494964950649516495264953649546495564956649576495864959649606496164962649636496464965649666496764968649696497064971649726497364974649756497664977649786497964980649816498264983649846498564986649876498864989649906499164992649936499464995649966499764998649996500065001650026500365004650056500665007650086500965010650116501265013650146501565016650176501865019650206502165022650236502465025650266502765028650296503065031650326503365034650356503665037650386503965040650416504265043650446504565046650476504865049650506505165052650536505465055650566505765058650596506065061650626506365064650656506665067650686506965070650716507265073



220

A B C D E F G H I J65074650756507665077650786507965080650816508265083650846508565086650876508865089650906509165092650936509465095650966509765098650996510065101651026510365104651056510665107651086510965110651116511265113651146511565116651176511865119651206512165122651236512465125651266512765128651296513065131651326513365134651356513665137651386513965140651416514265143651446514565146651476514865149651506515165152651536515465155651566515765158651596516065161651626516365164651656516665167651686516965170651716517265173651746517565176651776517865179651806518165182651836518465185651866518765188651896519065191651926519365194651956519665197651986519965200652016520265203652046520565206652076520865209652106521165212652136521465215652166521765218652196522065221652226522365224652256522665227652286522965230652316523265233652346523565236652376523865239652406524165242652436524465245652466524765248652496525065251652526525365254652556525665257652586525965260652616526265263652646526565266652676526865269652706527165272652736527465275652766527765278652796528065281652826528365284652856528665287652886528965290652916529265293652946529565296652976529865299653006530165302653036530465305653066530765308653096531065311653126531365314653156531665317653186531965320653216532265323653246532565326653276532865329653306533165332653336533465335653366533765338653396534065341653426534365344653456534665347653486534965350653516535265353653546535565356653576535865359653606536165362653636536465365653666536765368653696537065371653726537365374653756537665377653786537965380653816538265383653846538565386653876538865389653906539165392653936539465395653966539765398653996540065401654026540365404654056540665407654086540965410654116541265413654146541565416654176541865419654206542165422654236542465425654266542765428654296543065431654326543365434654356543665437654386543965440654416544265443654446544565446654476544865449654506545165452654536545465455654566545765458654596546065461654626546365464654656546665467654686546965470654716547265473654746547565476654776547865479654806548165482654836548465485654866548765488654896549065491654926549365494654956549665497654986549965500655016550265503655046550565506655076550865509655106551165512655136551465515655166551765518655196552065521655226552365524655256552665527655286552965530655316553265533655346553565536


SUM_with_OFFSET of 343

SUM and the =OFFSET function

Sometimes it is necessary to base a calculation on a set of cells in different locations.An example would be when a total is required from certain months of the year, such asthe last 3 months in relation to the current date.

One solution would be to retype the calculation each time new data is entered, but thiswould be time consuming and open to human error.

A better way is to indicate the start and end point of the range to be calculated byusing the =OFFSET() function.

The =OFFSET() picks out a cell a certain number of cells away from another cell.By giving the =OFFSET() the address of the first cell in the range which needs tobe totalled, we can then indicate how far away the end cell should be and the =OFFSET()will give us the address of cell which will be the end of the range to be totalled.

The =OFFSET() needs to know three things;1. A cell address to use as the fixed point from where it should base the offset.2. How many rows it should look up or down from the starting point.3. How many columns it should look left or right from the starting point.

Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May10 10 400 500 600 700

This example uses E24 as the starting point and offsets no rows or columns whichresults in the range being summed as E24:E24.

410 10 400 500 600 700

This example uses E29 as the starting point and offsets 1 col to pick outcell F29 resulting in a the range E29:F29 being summed.

910 10 400 500 600 700

This example uses E34 as the starting point and offsets 2 cols to pick outcell G34 resulting in a the range E34:G34 being summed.

Using =OFFSET() Twice In A Formula

The following examples use =OFFSET() to pick both the start and end of the rangewhich needs to be totalled.

Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May400 10 400 500 600 700

The cell E45 has been used as the starting point for both offsets and each hasbeen offset by just 1 column. The result is that just cell F45 is used as therange F45:F45 for the sum function to calculate.

900 10 400 500 600 700

The cell E51 has been used as the starting point of both offsets, the first offset isoffset by 1 column, the second by 2 columns. The result is the range F51:G51 which

=SUM(E24:OFFSET(E24,0,0))



=SUM(OFFSET(E45,0,1):OFFSET(E45,0,1))


A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354


SUM_with_OFFSET of 343

is then totalled.

1500 10 400 500 600 700

The cell E57 has been used as the starting point for both offsets, the first offset isoffset by 1 column, the second by 3 columns. The result is the range F57:H57 whichis then totalled.

Example

The following table shows five months of data.To calculate the total of a specific group of months the =OFFSET() function has been used.The Start and End dates entered in cells F71 and F72 are used as the offset to producea range which can be totalled.

Type in the Start month. Feb-98Type in the End month. Mar-98

Total Jan-98 Feb-98 Mar-98 Apr-98 May-98900 10 400 500 600 700

1020 15 20 1000 2000 3000

13 5 3 10 800 900 =SUM(OFFSET(D79,0,MONTH(F71)):OFFSET(D79,0,MONTH(F72)))

ExplanationThe following formula represent a breakdown of what the =OFFSET function does.The formula displayed below are only dummies, but they will update as you enterdates into cells F71 and F72.

Formula 1 =SUM( OFFSET(D79,0,MONTH(F71)) : OFFSET(D79,0,MONTH(F72)) )This is the actual formula entered by the user.

Formula 2 =SUM( OFFSET(D79,0,MONTH(2)) : OFFSET(D79,0,MONTH(3)) )This shows how the =MONTH function calculates the month number.In this example the values of the months are 2 and 3 for Feb and Mar.These values are the 'offsets' relative to cell D79.

Formula 3 =SUM( OFFSET(D79,0,2) : OFFSET(D79,0,3) )This shows where the month numbers are used in the =OFFSET function.

Formula 4 =SUM( F79:G79 )This shows how the =OFFSET eventually equates to cell addressesto be used as a range for the =SUM function.


A B C D E F G H I J555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899

100


SUMIF of 343

SUMIF

Item Date CostBrakes 1-Jan-98 80Tyres 10-May-98 25

Brakes 1-Feb-98 80Service 1-Mar-98 150Service 5-Jan-98 300Window 1-Jun-98 50Tyres 1-Apr-98 200Tyres 1-Mar-98 100Clutch 1-May-98 250

Total cost of all Brakes bought. 160 =SUMIF(C4:C12,"Brakes",E4:E12)Total cost of all Tyres bought. 325 =SUMIF(C4:C12,"Tyres",E4:E12)Total of items costing £100 or above. 1000 =SUMIF(E4:E12,">=100")

Total of item typed in following cell. service 450 =SUMIF(C4:C12,E18,E4:E12)

What Does It Do ?This function adds the value of items which match criteria set by the user.

Syntax=SUMIF(RangeOfThingsToBeExamined,CriteriaToBeMatched,RangeOfValuesToTotal)

=SUMIF(C4:C12,"Brakes",E4:E12) This examines the names of products in C4:C12.It then identifies the entries for Brakes.It then totals the respective figures in E4:E12

=SUMIF(E4:E12,">=100") This examines the values in E4:E12.If the value is >=100 the value is added to the total.


A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435


SUMPRODUCT of 343

SUMPRODUCT

Item Sold priceTyres 5 100Filters 2 10Bulbs 3 2

Total Sales Value : 526 =SUMPRODUCT(D4:D6,E4:E6)

What Does It Do ?This function uses at least two columns of values.The values in the first column are multipled with the corresponding value in the second column.The total of all the values is the result of the calculation.

Syntax=SUMPRODUCT(Range1, Range, Range3 through to Range30)


ExampleThe following table was used by a drinks merchant to keep track of stock.The merchant needed to know the total purchase value of the stock, and the potentialvalue of the stock when it is sold, takinging into account the markup percentage.

The =SUMPRODUCT() function is used to multiply the Cases In Stock with the Case Price tocalculate what the merchant spent in buying the stock.

The =SUMPRODUCT() function is used to multiply the Cases In Stock withthe Bottles In Case and the Bottle Setting Price, to calculate the potential value of thestock if it is all sold.

Product MarkupRed Wine 10 £120 10 £12.00 25% £15.00

White Wine 8 £130 10 £13.00 25% £16.25 Champagne 5 £200 6 £33.33 80% £60.00

Beer 50 £24 12 £2.00 20% £2.40 Lager 100 £30 12 £2.50 25% £3.13

=D39/E39 =F39+F39*G39

Total Value Of Stock : £7,440 =SUMPRODUCT(C35:C39,D35:D39)Total Selling Price Of Stock : £9,790 =SUMPRODUCT(C35:C39,E35:E39,H35:H39)

Profit : £2,350 =E44-E43

Cases In Stock

Case Price

BottlesIn Case

Bottle Cost

Bottle Selling Price

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233

34

353637383940414243444546


SYD of 343

SYD

Purchase Value Of A New Car £20,000 Second Hand Value £8,000

Number Of Years Ownership 6

Deprecation in year 1 £3,429 =SYD(F3,F4,F5,1)Deprecation in year 2 £2,857 =SYD(F3,F4,F5,2)Deprecation in year 3 £2,286 =SYD(F3,F4,F5,3)Deprecation in year 4 £1,714 =SYD(F3,F4,F5,4)Deprecation in year 5 £1,143 =SYD(F3,F4,F5,5)Deprecation in year 6 £571 =SYD(F3,F4,F5,6)

Total Depreciation : £12,000 =SUM(F7:F12)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the depreciation of an item throughout its life, using the sum of theyears digits.The depreciation is greatest in the earlier part of the items life.

What is the Sum Of The Years Digits ?The sum of the years digits adds together the each of the years of the life.A life of 3 years has a sum of 1+2+3 equalling 6.Each of the years is then calculated as a percentage of the sum of the years.Year 3 is 50% of 6, year 2 is 33% of 6, year 1 is 17% 6.The total depreciation of the item is then allocated on the basis of these percentages.A depreciation of £9000 is allocated as 50% being £4500, 33% being £3000, 17% being £1500.

£9,000 1 17% £1,500 2 33% £3,000 3 50% £4,500

As the greater part of the depreciation is allocated to the earliest years the values areinverted, year 1 is $4500, year 2 is £3000 and year 1 is £1500.

Example 1

Purchase Price Of A Car : £10,000 Salvage Value : £1,000

Expected Life in Years : 3 As % Of Total Depreciation

Depreciation in Year 1 : £4,500 ===> 0.5Depreciation in Year 2 : £3,000 ===> 0.33Depreciation in Year 3 : £1,500 ===> 0.17

=SYD(E39,E40,E41,3)

1. Add together the digits of the Life to get the SumOfTheYearsDigits, 1+2+3=6.2. Subtract the Salvage from the Purchase Price to get Total Deprectation, £10000-£1000=£9000.3. Divide the Total Deprectation by the SumOfTheYearsDigits, £9000/6=£1500.4. Invert the year digits, 1,2,3 becomes 3,2,1.5. Multiply 3,2,1 by £1500 to get £4500, £3000, £1500, these values are the depreciation values for each of the three years in the life of the item.

A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354


SYD of 343

Example 2The same example using 4 years.


Expected Life in Years : 4 As % Of Total Depriciation

Depreciation in Year 1 : £3,600 0.4Depreciation in Year 2 : £2,700 0.3Depreciation in Year 3 : £1,800 0.2Depreciation in Year 4 : £900 0.1

Total Depreciation : £9,000 100%

Example 3This example will adjust itself to accommodate any number of years between 1 and 10.


Expected Life in Years (1 to 10) : 7 As % Of Total Depriciation

Year 1 £2,250 25%Year 2 £1,929 21%Year 3 £1,607 18%Year 4 £1,286 14%Year 5 £964 11%Year 6 £643 7%Year 7 £321 4%YearYearYear

£9,000 100%

Syntax=SYD(OriginalCost,SalvageValue,Life,PeriodToCalculate)


A B C D E F G H I55565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879808182838485868788899091


T of 343

T

Cell To Test ResultHello Hello =T(D4)

10 =T(D5)1-Jan-98 =T(D6)

=T(D7)

What Does It Do ?This function examines an entry to determine whether it is text or not.If the value is text, then the text is the result of the functionIf the value is not text, the result is a blank.The function is not specifically needed by Excel, but is included for compatibility withother spreadsheet programs.

Syntax=T(CellToTest)


A B C D E F G H I J

1

234567891011121314151617181920


TEXT of 343

TEXT

10 10.00 =TEXT(C4,"0.00")10 £10.00 =TEXT(C5,"£0.00")10 10 =TEXT(C6,"0")10 £10 =TEXT(C7,"£0")

10.25 10.3 =TEXT(C8,"0.0")10.25 £10.3 =TEXT(C9,"£0.0")

What Does It Do ?This function converts a number to a piece of text.The formatting for the text needs to be specified in the function.

Syntax=TEXT(NumberToConvert,FormatForConversion)


Original Number

Converted To Text

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

45678910111213141516171819


TIME of 343

TIME

Hour Minute Second Time14 30 59 14:30:59 =TIME(C4,D4,E4)14 30 59 2:30:59 PM =TIME(C5,D5,E5)14 30 59 0.60485 =TIME(C6,D6,E6)

What Does It Do?This function will convert three separate numbers to an actual time.

Syntax =TIME(Hour,Minute,Second)

FormattingThe result will be shown as a time which can be formatted either as 12 or 24 hour style.If a normal number format is applied a decimal fraction is shown which represents thetime as a fraction of the day.

A B C D E F G H I

1

234567891011121314151617


TIMEVALUE of 343

TIMEVALUE

Text Time14:30:59 0.6 =TIMEVALUE(C4)14:30:59 14:30:59 =TIMEVALUE(C5)14:30:59 2:30:59 PM =TIMEVALUE(C6)

What Does It Do?This function will show an actual time based on a piece of text which lookslike a time. It is useful when data is imported from other applications, such asfrom mainframe computers, which convert all values to text.

Syntax =TIMEVALUE(Text)

FormattingThe result will be shown as a number representing the time a fraction of the day.Formatting can be applied for either the 12 or 24 hour clock system.

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789101112131415161718


TODAY of 343

TODAY

Today Is8-Nov-09 =TODAY()

What Does It Do?Use this to show the current date.

Syntax =TODAY()

FormattingThe result will normally be displayed using the DD-MMM-YY format.

ExampleThe following example shows how the Today function is used to calculate the numberof days since a particular day.

Date Days Since1-Jan-97 11/06/12 =TODAY()-C20

10-Aug-97 03/30/12 =TODAY()-C21

Note that the result is actually the number of days before todays date. To calculatea result which includes the current date an extra 1 will need to be added.

Date Days Since1-Jan-97 4695 =TODAY()-C28+1

10-Aug-97 4474 =TODAY()-C29+1

ExampleThe following example shows the number of days from today until the year 2000.

Year 2000 Days Until01-Jan-2000 02/21/90 =C36-TODAY()

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789

101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536


TRANSPOSE of 343

TRANSPOSE

Jan FebAlan 10 30Bob 40 50

Carol 70 80Total 120 160

Alan Bob Carol TotalJan 10 40 70 120Feb 30 50 80 160

{=TRANSPOSE(C3:E7)}

As an array formula in all these cells

What Does It Do ?This function copies data from a range, and places in it in a new range, turning it sothat the data originally in columns is now in rows, and the data originally in rowsis in columns.The transpose range must be the same size as the original range.

The function needs to be entered as an array formula.

To enter an array formula you must first highlight all the cells where the formula is required.Next type the formula, such as =TRANSPOSE(A1:A5).Finally press Ctrl+Shift+Enter to confirm it.

If changes need to be made to the formula, the entire array has to be highlighted, the editscan then be made and the Ctrl+Shift+Enter used to confirm it.

Syntax=TRANSPOSE(Range)


A B C D E F G H I J

1

2345678910111213141516171819202122

23

24

2526

27

28293031323334


TREND of 343

TREND WHAT IS CONST b ?

Historical Data Predicted ValuesMonth Sales Month Sales

1 £1,000 7 £4,940 {=TREND(C8:C13,B8:B13,E8:E13)}2 £2,000 8 £5,551 {=TREND(C5:C10,B5:B10,E5:E10)}3 £2,500 9 £6,163 {=TREND(C5:C10,B5:B10,E5:E10)}4 £3,500 10 £6,774 {=TREND(C5:C10,B5:B10,E5:E10)}5 £3,800 11 £7,386 {=TREND(C5:C10,B5:B10,E5:E10)}6 £4,000 12 £7,997 {=TREND(C5:C10,B5:B10,E5:E10)}

What Does It Do ?This function predicts values based upon three sets of related values.The prediction is based upon the Linear Trend of the original values.The function is an array function and must be entered using Ctrl+Shift+Enter.

Syntax=TREND(KnownYs,KnownXs,RequiredXs,Constant)The KnownYs is the range of values, such as Sales Figures.The KnownXs is the intervals used when collecting the data, such as Months.The RequiredXs is the range for which you want to make the prediction, such as Months.


ExampleThe following tables were used by a company to predict when they would start tomake a profit.Their bank manager had told the company that unless they could show a profit by theend of the next year, the bank would no longer provide an overdraft facility.To prove to the bank that, based upon the past years performance, the company wouldstart to make a profit at the end of the next year, the =TREND() function was used.The historical data for the past year was entered, months 1 to 12.The months to predict were entered, 13 to 24.The =TREND() function shows that it will be month 22 before the company make a profit.

Historical Data Predicted ValuesMonth Profit Month Profit

1 -£5,000 13 -£2,226 {=TREND(C41:C52,B41:B52,E41:E52)}2 -£4,800 14 -£1,968 The3 -£4,600 15 -£1,709 same4 -£4,750 16 -£1,451 function5 -£4,800 17 -£1,193 used6 -£4,500 18 -£935 in7 -£4,000 19 -£676 all8 -£3,800 20 -£418 cells9 -£3,300 21 -£160 as10 -£2,000 22 £98 an11 -£2,500 23 £356 array12 -£2,800 24 £615 formula

How To Enter An Array Formula

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354


TREND of 343

Select all the cells where the array is required, such as F41 to F52.Type the formula such as =TREND(C41:C52,B41:B52,E41:E52), but do not press Enter.Hold the Ctrl+Shift keys down.Press Enter to enter the formula as an array.

A B C D E F G H I J55565758


TRIM of 343

TRIM

Original Text Trimmed Text ABCD ABCD =TRIM(C4) A B C D A B C D =TRIM(C5) Alan Jones Alan Jones =TRIM(C6)ABCD ABCD =TRIM(C7)

What Does It Do ?This function removes unwanted spaces from a piece of text.The spaces before and after the text will be removed completely.Multiple spaces within the text will be trimmed to a single space

Syntax=TRIM(TextToTrim)


A B C D E F G H I

1

23456789101112131415161718


TRUNC of 343

TRUNC

Number1.48 0 1 =TRUNC(C4,D4)1.48 1 1.4 =TRUNC(C5,D5)1.48 2 1.47 =TRUNC(C6,D6)

-1.48 1 -1.4 =TRUNC(C7,D7)-1.48 2 -1.47 =TRUNC(C8,D8)

13643.48 -1 13640 =TRUNC(C9,D9)13643.48 -2 13600 =TRUNC(C10,D10)13643.48 -3 13000 =TRUNC(C11,D11)

What Does It Do ?This function removes the decimal part of a number, it does not actually round the number.

Syntax=TRUNC(NumberToTuncate,Precision)


Precision For

TruncationTruncatedNumber

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2

3

456789

1011121314151617181920


UPPER of 343

UPPER

Original Text Upper Casealan jones ALAN JONES =UPPER(C4)bob smith BOB SMITH =UPPER(C5)

carOl wiLLiamS CAROL WILLIAMS =UPPER(C6)cardiff CARDIFF =UPPER(C7)

abc123 ABC123 =UPPER(C8)

What Does It Do ?This function converts all characters in a piece of text to upper case.

Syntax=UPPER(TextToConvert)


ExampleSee the example for FREQUENCY.

A B C D E F G H

1

234567891011121314151617181920


VALUE of 343

VALUE

Text Containing A Number ValueAnnual turnover was £5000 Err:502 =VALUE(MID(C4,SEARCH("£",C4),99))

There was a 2% increase in sales. #VALUE!There was a 50% increase in sales. #VALUE!A 100% increase was achieved. #VALUE!Only a 2% increase in sales. #VALUE!Approx 50% increase in sales. #VALUE!There was a 100% increase in sales. #VALUE! * See explanation below.

The winning time was 1:30 seconds. #VALUE! =VALUE(MID(C14,SEARCH("??:??",C14),5))The winning time was 1:30 seconds. #VALUE! =VALUE(MID(C15,SEARCH("??:??",C15),5))The winning time was 10:30 seconds. #VALUE! =VALUE(MID(C16,SEARCH("??:??",C16),5))The winning time was 0:30 seconds. #VALUE! =VALUE(MID(C17,SEARCH("??:??",C17),5))

What Does It Do ?This function converts a piece of text which resembles a number into an actual value.If the number in the middle of a long piece of text it will have to be extracted using othertext functions such as =SEARCH(), =MID(), =FIND(), =SUBSTITUTE, =LEFT() or =RIGHT().

Syntax=VALUE(TextToConvert)

FormattingNo special formatting is needed.The result will be shown as a value, based upon the original text.If the £ sign is included in the text it will be ignored.If the % sign is included in the text, the result will be a decimal fraction which can thenbe formatted as a percentage.If the original text format appears as a time hh:mm the result will be a time.The same will be true for other recognised formats.

Explanation of formula shown above.To extract the values from the following text is complicated!The actual percentage value is of variable length, it can be either one, two or three digits long.The only way to identify the value is the fact it always ends with the % sign.There is no way to identify the beginning of the value, other than it is preceded by a space.The main problem is calculating the length of the value to extract.If the extraction assumes the maximum length of three digits and the % sign, errors will occurwhen the percentage is only one digit long, as alphabetic characters will be included.To get around the problem the =SUBSTITUTE() function was used to increase the size of thespaces in the text.Now when the extraction takes place any unnecessary characters will be spaces which areignored by the =VALUE() function.

There was a 2% increase in sales. #VALUE!There was a 50% increase in sales. #VALUE!There was a 100% increase in sales. #VALUE!

=VALUE(MID(SUBSTITUTE(C52," "," "),SEARCH("???%",SUBSTITUTE(C52," "," ")),4))

=VALUE(MID(SUBSTITUTE(C11," "," "),SEARCH("???%",SUBSTITUTE(C11," "," ")),4))

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354


VAR of 343

VAR


10 10 12

0.25 0.25 1.67 =VAR(C4:C7) =VAR(E4:E7) =VAR(G4:G7)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the sample population variance of a list of values.A sample population is used when the list of values represents a sample of a population.

Syntax=VAR(Range1,Range2,Range3 through to Range30)


ExampleThe table below was used by a company interested in buying a new machineto pack washing powder.Three machines were short listed and allow to run for a day.At the end of the day four boxes of soap powder were picked at random from the productionof each machine.The boxes were weighed and the =VAR() function used as these boxes only representeda sample of the complete days production.The machine with the smallest variance was the most consistent.


Machine 1 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 0.0067 =VAR(D34:G34)Machine 2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.0025 =VAR(D35:G35)Machine 3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 0.0167 =VAR(D36:G36)



Explanation of formula:This finds the lowest value. =MIN(H34:H36)



A B C D E F G H I J

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647


VARP of 343

VARP


10 10 12

0.19 0.19 1.25 =VARP(C4:C7) =VARP(E4:E7) =VARP(G4:G7)

What Does It Do ?This function calculates the variance of a list of values.The variance is calculated on the basis that the values represent the entire population.

Syntax=VARP(Range1,Range2,Range3 through to Range30)


ExampleThe table below was used by a company interested in buying a new machineto pack washing powder.A trial run a just four boxes per machine were produced.The boxes were weighed and the =VARP() function used as these boxesrepresented the entire test run.The machine with the smallest variance was the most consistent.


Machine 1 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.5 0.0050 =VARP(D32:G32)Machine 2 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.0019 =VARP(D33:G33)Machine 3 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 0.0125 =VARP(D34:G34)



Explanation of formula:This finds the lowest value. =(MIN(H32:H34)



A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445


VLOOKUP of 343

VLOOKUP

The column numbers are not needed.

they are part of the illustration.

col 1 col 2 col 3 col 4 col 5 col 6

Jan 10 20 30 40 50Feb 80 90 100 110 120Mar 97 69 45 51 77

Type a month to look for : FebWhich column needs to be picked out : 4

The result is : 100 =VLOOKUP(G11,C6:H8,G12,FALSE)

What Does It Do ?This function scans down the row headings at the side of a table to find a specified item.When the item is found, it then scans across to pick a cell entry.

Syntax=VLOOKUP(ItemToFind,RangeToLookIn,ColumnToPickFrom,SortedOrUnsorted)The ItemToFind is a single item specified by the user.The RangeToLookIn is the range of data with the row headings at the left hand side.The ColumnToPickFrom is how far across the table the function should look to pick from.The Sorted/Unsorted is whether the column headings are sorted. TRUE for yes, FALSE for no.


Example 1This table is used to find a value based on a specified name and month.The =VLOOKUP() is used to scan down to find the name.The problem arises when we need to scan across to find the month column.To solve the problem the =MATCH() function is used.

The =MATCH() looks through the list of names to find the month we require. It then calculatesthe position of the month in the list. Unfortunately, because the list of months is not as wideas the lookup range, the =MATCH() number is 1 less than we require, so and extra 1 isadded to compensate.

The =VLOOKUP() now uses this =MATCH() number to look across the columns andpicks out the correct cell entry.

The =VLOOKUP() uses FALSE at the end of the function to indicate to Excel that therow headings are not sorted.

Jan Feb MarBob 10 80 97Eric 20 90 69Alan 30 100 45Carol 40 110 51David 50 120 77

A B C D E F G H I J

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354


VLOOKUP of 343

Type a name to look for : ericType a month to look for : mar

The result is : 69 =VLOOKUP(F56,C50:F54,MATCH(F57,D49:F49,0)+1,FALSE)

Example 2This example shows how the =VLOOKUP() is used to pick the cost of a spare part fordifferent makes of cars.The =VLOOKUP() scans down row headings in column F for the spare part entered in column C.When the make is found, the =VLOOKUP() then scans across to find the price, using theresult of the =MATCH() function to find the position of the make of car.

The functions use the absolute ranges indicated by the dollar symbol . This ensures thatwhen the formula is copied to more cells, the ranges for =VLOOKUP() and =MATCH() donot change.

Maker Spare Cost Lookup Table

Vauxhall Ignition £50 Vauxhall Ford VWVW GearBox £600 GearBox 500 450 600Ford Engine £1,200 Engine 1000 1200 800VW Steering £275 Steering 250 350 275Ford Ignition £70 Ignition 50 70 45Ford CYHead £290 CYHead 300 290 310

Vauxhall GearBox £500 Ford Engine £1,200

=VLOOKUP(C81,F75:I79,MATCH(B81,G74:I74,0)+1,FALSE)

Example 3In the following example a builders merchant is offering discount on large orders.The Unit Cost Table holds the cost of 1 unit of Brick, Wood and Glass.The Discount Table holds the various discounts for different quantities of each product.The Orders Table is used to enter the orders and calculate the Total.

All the calculations take place in the Orders Table.The name of the Item is typed in column C of the Orders Table.

The Unit Cost of the item is then looked up in the Unit Cost Table. The FALSE option has been used at the end of the function to indicate that the product names down the side of the Unit Cost Table are not sorted. Using the FALSE option forces the function to search for an exact match. If a match is not found, the function will produce an error. =VLOOKUP(C126,C114:D116,2,FALSE)

The discount is then looked up in the Discount TableIf the Quantity Ordered matches a value at the side of the Discount Table the =VLOOKUP willlook across to find the correct discount. The TRUE option has been used at the end of the function to indicate that the values down the side of the Discount Table are sorted. Using TRUE will allow the function to make an approximate match. If the Quantity Ordered does not match a value at the side of the Discount Table, the next lowest value is used. Trying to match an order of 125 will drop down to 100, and the discount from

A B C D E F G H I J555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899

100101102103104105106107108


VLOOKUP of 343

the 100 row is used. =VLOOKUP(D126,F114:I116,MATCH(C126,G113:I113,0)+1,TRUE)

Discount Table

Unit Cost Table Brick Wood GlassBrick £2 1 0% 0% 0%Wood £1 100 6% 3% 12%Glass £3 300 8% 5% 15%

Orders TableItem Units Unit Cost Discount TotalBrick 100 £2 6% £188 Wood 200 £1 3% £194 Glass 150 £3 12% £396 Brick 225 £2 6% £423 Wood 50 £1 0% £50 Glass 500 £3 15% £1,275

Formula for :Unit Cost =VLOOKUP(C126,C114:D116,2,FALSE)Discount =VLOOKUP(D126,F114:I116,MATCH(C126,G113:I113,0)+1,TRUE)Total =(D126*E126)-(D126*E126*F126)

A B C D E F G H I J109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126

127

128129130131


WEEKDAY of 343

WEEKDAY

Date WeekdayThu 01-Jan-98 5 =WEEKDAY(C4)Thu 01-Jan-98 5 =WEEKDAY(C5)Thu 01-Jan-98 5 =WEEKDAY(C6,1)Thu 01-Jan-98 4 =WEEKDAY(C7,2)Thu 01-Jan-98 3 =WEEKDAY(C8,3)

What Does It Do?This function shows the day of the week from a date.

Syntax =WEEKDAY(Date,Type) Type : This is used to indicate the week day numbering system. 1 : will set Sunday as 1 through to Saturday as 7 2 : will set Monday as 1 through to Sunday as 7. 3 : will set Monday as 0 through to Sunday as 6. If no number is specified, Excel will use 1.

FormattingThe result will be shown as a normal number.

ExampleThe following table was used by a hotel which rented a function room.The hotel charged different rates depending upon which day of the week the booking was for.The Booking Date is entered.The Actual Day is calculated.The Booking Cost is picked from a list of rates using the =LOOKUP() function.

Booking Date Actual Day Booking Cost7-Jan-98 Wednesday £30.00

=LOOKUP(WEEKDAY(C34),C39:D45)

Booking RatesDay Of Week Cost

1 £50 2 £25 3 £25 4 £30 5 £40 6 £50 7 £100

To show the result as the name of the day, use Format, Cells, Custom and setthe Type to ddd or dddd.

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445


WORKDAY of 343

WORKDAY

StartDate Days Result1-Jan-98 28 35836 =WORKDAY(D4,E4)1-Jan-98 28 10-Feb-98 =WORKDAY(D5,E5)

What Does It Do?Use this function to calculate a past or future date based on a starting date and aspecified number of days. The function excludes weekends and holidays and cantherefore be used to calculate delivery dates or invoice dates.

Syntax =WORKDAY(StartDate,Days,Holidays)

FormattingThe result will normally be shown as a number which can be formatted to anormal date by using Format,Cells,Number,Date.

ExampleThe following example shows how the function can be used to calculate delivery datesbased upon an initial Order Date and estimated Delivery Days.

Order Date Delivery Days Delivery DateMon 02-Feb-98 2 Wed 04-Feb-98Tue 15-Dec-98 28 Tue 26-Jan-99

=WORKDAY(D25,E25,D28:D32)Holidays

Bank Holiday Fri 01-May-98Xmas Fri 25-Dec-98

New Year Wed 01-Jan-97New Year Thu 01-Jan-98New Year Fri 01-Jan-99

A B C D E F G H

1

23456789

1011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132


YEAR of 343

YEAR

Date Year25-Dec-98 1998 =YEAR(C4)

What Does It Do?This function extracts the year number from a date.

Syntax =YEAR(Date)

FormattingThe result is shown as a number.

A B C D E F G H I J

1

2345678910111213


YEARFRAC of 343

YEARFRAC

Start Date End Date Fraction1-Jan-98 1-Apr-98 0.25 =YEARFRAC(C4,D4)1-Jan-98 31-Dec-98 1 =YEARFRAC(C5,D5)1-Jan-98 1-Apr-98 25% =YEARFRAC(C6,D6)

What Does It Do?This function calculates the difference between two dates and expresses the resultas a decimal fraction.

Syntax =YEARFRAC(StartDate,EndData,Basis) Basis : Defines the calendar system to be used in the function. 0 : or omitted USA style 30 days per month divided by 360. 1 : 29 or 30 or 31 days per month divided by 365. 2 : 29 or 30 or 31 days per month divided by 360. 3 : 29 or 30 0r 31 days per month divided by 365. 4 : European 29 or 30 or 31 days divided by 360.

FormattingThe result will be shown as a decimal fraction, but can be formatted as a percent.

ExampleThe following table was used by a company which hired people on short term contractsfor a part of the year.The Pro Rata Salary which represents the annual salary is entered.The Start and End dates of the contract are entered.The =YEARFRAC() function is used to calculate Actual Salary for the portion of the year.

Start End Pro Rata Salary Actual Salary1-Jan-98 31-Dec-98 £12,000 £12,000 =YEARFRAC(B32,C32+1,4)*D321-Jan-98 31-Mar-98 £12,000 £3,000 =YEARFRAC(B33,C33+1,4)*D331-Jan-98 30-Jun-98 £12,000 £6,000 =YEARFRAC(B34,C34+1,4)*D34

NoteThe extra 1 has been added to the End date to compensate for the fact that the =YEARFRAC()function calculates from the Start date up to, but not including, the End date.

A B C D E F G H

1

234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738


Project Dates of 343

Project Dates House Building

Target Delivery Tue 27-Jan-98 Target Budget £12,000

Job Stage Start Date End Date Daily Cost TotalSurvey Mon 05-Jan-98 5 Fri 09-Jan-98 £200 £1,000

Foundation Mon 12-Jan-98 4 Thu 15-Jan-98 £1,000 £4,000 Walls Fri 16-Jan-98 3 Tue 20-Jan-98 £800 £2,400 Roof Wed 21-Jan-98 6 Wed 28-Jan-98 £400 £2,400

Electrics Thu 29-Jan-98 4 Tue 03-Feb-98 £300 £1,200

Actual Delivery Tue 03-Feb-98 Total Cost £11,000

Against Target 5 days behind Budget % 92%

Total Days 22

DaysRequired

A B C D E F G H I

1

234

5

6789

10111213141516

Advanced Excel Formulas

Documents

Transcript of Advanced Excel Formulas