Combining energy efficiency & renewables in a sustainable energy system

Combining energy-efficiency and renewables in a sustainable energy system

Sustainable Innovation in the Megalopolis

Mexico City June 17th 2014

20/06/2014

Renee Heller

© ECOFYS | |

Mission, Vision & Values – Facts & Figures

20/06/20143

Facts & Figures

• Founded in 1984• Over 250 professionals, 7

offices in 6 countries• Over 500 clients served

across 50 countries• Leading experts: the Nobel

Peace Prize 2007, awarded to Al Gore and the IPCC, was supported by 10 Ecofys experts

• Eneco Shareholder since 2009

Missionsustainable energy for everyone

VisionBased on our deep expertise in energy & carbon-efficiency, renewable energy, energy systems & markets, and energy & climate policy, we develop smart policies and solutions and bring them to life.

We know that, if we act now, by 2050 our global energy system can be sustainable, secure, affordable and fully based on renewable sources.

We aim to create a sustainable energy system for everyone.

ValuesDedication Originality Impact Trust

Renee Heller

© ECOFYS | | 20/06/20144

How we work

Traditionally: supply oriented approach

Energy

generation

Energy

conversion

Energy

use

Ecofys thinking: start with (people) needs

Renee Heller

© ECOFYS | |

What’s the issue?

a. growing demand for energy

b. fossil fuel supplies tight

c. CO2-emissions must be reduced

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The Energy Report - Transition o a fully sustainable global energy system by 2050

Source: The Energy Report, WWF & Ecofys, 2011

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Other

Industry

Buildings

Transport

Baseline (approx.)

What’s the solution?

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Fin

al energ

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Nuclear

Coal

Natural gas

Oil

Bio: Algae

Bio: Crops

Bio: Complementary Fellings

Bio: Traditional

Bio: Residues & Waste

Hydropower

Geothermal Heat

Geothermal Electricity

Solar thermal

Concentrated Solar Heat

Concentrated Solar Power

Photovoltaic Solar

Wave & Tidal

Wind: Off-shore

Wind: On-shore

strong energy efficiency to reduce energy use….

….plus strong ramp-up of renewable energy sources

WWF/Ecofys – The Energy Report (world 2011)WWF/Ecofys - 2030 RE targets (EU 2013)


© ECOFYS | |

Stabilisation in buildings results from ambitious

energy efficiency improvements

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2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Fin

al energ

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a)

Source: Ecofys

The Energy Report - Transition to a fully sustainable global energy system by 2050

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Heating & Cooling

� New buildings: near-zero energy use

� Existing buildings: retrofitted at an ambitious rate

� Cooling: provided with renewable / local cooling solutions

Local solutions

� Solar water heating systems will provide half of all water needs

� Electric heat pumps will replace fuel use with renewable electricity

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electricity

heat

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Reduced demand for raw materials and increased

efficiency are key in industry

> Material efficiency

> Shift to current most efficient technologies

> Alternative production pathways and recycling


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al energ

y (

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a)

Fuels (not yetreplaceable)

Fuels(A sectors)

High T Heat(B sectors)

Electricity

‘A’ sectors = steel, cement, aluminium, paper; ‘B’ sectors: chemicals, food, other

Source: Ecofys

© ECOFYS | |

Electrification is key to sustainability in transport

> No major reduction of travel volume

> Ambitious modal shifts towards efficient transport modes, e.g. from car to rail

> Ambitious assumptions on efficiency improvements in existing technologies

> Decisive shift to electric forms of transport

> Renewable fuels


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al energ

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Fuel - Aviation

Fuel - Shipping

Fuel - Road/Rail

ElectricitySource: Ecofys

© ECOFYS | |

Why is smartness in buildings / cities needed ?

A city can be defined as ‘smart’ when investments in human and

social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT)

communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic

development and a high quality of life, with a wise management of

natural resources, through participatory action and engagement.

(Caragliu et al. 2009)

> Transformation to more RE in system: demand and supply need

smarter matching to keep it working and affordable

– Less base load

– More non-dispatchable sources (wind, solar)

– More de-central supply (solar)

> Efficiency in the chain is low

> Savings by feedback (consumers)


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Climate appropriate building planning

> Protection against overheating in summer!!!

> Protection against heating demand in winter

> Production of renewable energy (electricity and/or domestic hot

water)

� Focus on reducing the cooling demand

> Use sun when you can : Solar hot water, Electricity: PV

> Keep sun out of building:

– Shading / orientation

– Insulation / thermal mass

– ventilation

> Use day – night changes

> Urban planning / solar planning

> Smart electricity system

> Save on electricity use


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Passive Heating - Double low-e glazing

� The effects of different glazing types on the energy balance depend highly on the orientation.

� Double low-e glazing is usually required to guarantee high winter thermal comfort even without radiators

� The lower U- and g- values of double low-e glazing are also advantageous in summer.

� Optimize U and G-value/SHGC!

www.commercialwindows.org


© ECOFYS | |

Passive Heating - Insulation

> Good thermal protection and high insulation

levels are a prerequisite for low heating

demands

– Good insulated roofs and walls reduce heat

transfers into and out of the building

– Insulated window frames reduce interior losses in

winter and reduce solar gains in summer

– Provide high thermal comfort

� Use walls and roofs with adapted insulation thickness.

� Take care of local construction methods.


© ECOFYS | |

Heat islands

> The annual mean air temperature of a city with one million people or

more can be:

– 1–3°C warmer than its surroundings (day)

– 12°C higher during the night

www.epa.gov


© ECOFYS | |

Mitigation of heat island effects

> Creating green roofs

> Installing cool - mainly reflective - roofs

> Using reflecting paving materials

> Increasing tree and vegetation cover


© ECOFYS | |

Energy saving potentials of Data Centres

> The cooling system can require up to 50 % of

the entire energy demand of a data centre.

> A variety of best practice examples have

already demonstrated the enormous saving

potentials . Smart design and application of

energy efficiency measures can result in

potential energy savings of over 85 %

compared to the standard option.


Realised energy savings through the refurbishment of an existing data centre of the E-Plus Group

Temperature distribution and air flows of an air cooled server

room with a hot and cold corridor concept (CFD simulation)

In a project dealing with refurbishment of data centresbelonging to the E-Plus Group , Ecofys could show that savings of more than 40 % were possible, by merely implementing so called “low hanging fruit measures” with payback times of less than two years

© ECOFYS | |

Energy legislation on new houses in NL

> Standard for energy

efficiency of new houses

(EPC) is constantly adapted

to higher efficiency

> 2020 : energy neutral

Energy saving measures:

> Insulation

> Heat pumps

> Solar heaters

> PV

EPC development in NL

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Legislation/governmental action takes away some

barriers for integration of RE / EE

> Some barriers:

– Permitting procedures: duration / one stop shop

– No cap on amount of electricity you feed-in

– Financial: guarantee for loans (with large

investments)

> Dutch examples:

– Masterplan of heat and cold storage

– Net metering

– Geothermal energy loans

> EU level:

– Smart meters

– Eco design


© ECOFYS | |

Challenge and local solutions in renovation:

Non financial barriers can be overcome?

Energy not biggest issue:

> Social environment: renovate or demolish?

> Urban planning

> Needs of a population growing older

Multi-stakeholder process:

> Owners: housing corporations, private owners

> Tenants (example: 70% needs to approve renovation)

> Split incentive: Limited possibilities to charge inhabitants for the renovation cost with a higher lease fee

> Municipality, energy companies, installation companies, builders you need to create win-win for everybody

Bottom-up approach can help : community working with local energy company


© ECOFYS | |

> Services based on business case analyses

and future market models

> Pilots in cooperation with local

entrepreneurs and residents

Amersfoort:

1. Insight into consumption

2. Demand management using smart

software

3. PV-Box: sunlight prediction

Utrecht:

1. Smart charging of electric shared vehicles

2. Sharing solar energy

3. Storing electricity

Pilots in Amersfoort and Utrecht

Consortium: TFI, Kema, Stedin, Ecofys, Cap Gemini, Eemflow, Lomboxnet, Icaris, UURunning: 2012-2014


© ECOFYS | |

Where are opportunities?

> PV: solar panels keep getting cheaper to install and are for consumers already a feasible business case

> EV: electric transport is being stimulated in society. The potential for smart grids is in possible storage capacity

> Companies that want to get started, scaling up is successful if there are benefits for everybody


© ECOFYS | |

Electricity use in households

> Household are 23% of electricity use in NL

(2008)

> Energy use is still growing

> Energy saving speed per household is low

(1.1% per year)

> Energy saving potential is high (32% to

2020)

> ETS system has low influence since E-price

has low influence on use

> On top of EU policy it is possible to save ~

25% extra

> Feedback on electricity use can leed to

10% energy saving


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1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Verlichting

Stfzg+Restapparatuur

Kookapp.

verkoeling

ind.ELEKVW/WW/VENT

CE

COLD apps

WET apps.

Bron: Elektrische apparatuur in Nederlandse huishou dens, Overzicht 1980 – 2005, Scenario’s 2010 – 2020, Van Holsteijn en Kemna, 2008 .

Bron: Ehrhardt-Martinez et al.: Advanced Metering Initiatieves and Residential Feedback Programmes, ACEEE, Washington D.C., 2010.

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© ECOFYS | |

Consumer Behaviour

> Realisation/Insight: Insufficient grasp on the motives of consumers and

end-users

> What works and doesn’t work:

– Consumer wants to feel in control:

● Does work: a function to overrule default settings

● Doesn’t work: setting everything up by yourself, not receiving

feedback on results

– Make adjustments according to motives: These differ greatly among

consumers, depending on personal values

● Does work: status, sustainable image, being self-sufficient

● Doesn’t work: financial incentives for a small amount (creates

wrong expectations)

– Positive interaction between groups in which we belong

Report on lessons learned has been completed and will be published on the website below:

http://www.taskforceinnovatie.nl/tfi-inspireert/smart-grid:-rendement-voor-iedereen


© ECOFYS | |

Conclusions

> Smart buildings/cities will:

– be necessary in transformation of energy system

● Peak reduction,

● Balancing

– Help in energy saving with consumers

> We have to / can take measures now:

> With legislation / policy

> without legislation: bottom up actions and stimulation


© ECOFYS | | 20/06/2014 Renee Heller30

Please contact us for more information

Dr. Renee Heller

[email protected]

Ecofys Netherlands B.V.

Kanaalweg 15G

3526 KL Utrecht

The Netherlands

T: +31 (0)30 662-3300

E: [email protected]

I: www.ecofys.com

Combining energy efficiency & renewables in a sustainable energy system

Technology

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